Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pharmaceutical Preservatives

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'Pharmaceutical Preservatives'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Pharmaceutical Preservatives"

1

Boukarim, Chawki, Sarah Abou Jaoude, Rita Bahnam, Roula Barada, and Soula Kyriacos. "Preservatives in liquid pharmaceutical preparations." Drug Testing and Analysis 1, no. 3 (March 2009): 146–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dta.28.

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2

Popova, T. V., O. P. Strilets, and H. P. Kukhtenko. "Justification of preservative choice and its concentration in the composition of anti-allergic action gel." Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal, no. 4 (July 30, 2020): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.4.20.08.

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Microbiological stability of medicines is an integral part of their quality, therefore, at the stage of pharmaceutical development, the issues of ensuring microbiological purity should be considered. To this end, various chemicals are added to the composition of semisolid medicines that actively inhibit the growth of microorganisms that enter the pharmaceutical system during production and reuse. Insufficient amount of a preservative can lead to the adaptation of microorganisms, and excess- to increase the toxicity of the drug. In the development of the composition of the anti-allergic action gel containing dimethindene maleate and dexpanthenol in order to select a preservative and its concentration, the following antimicrobial substances have been chosen: phenoxyethanol, benzalkonium chloride, methylparahydroxybenzoate (nipagin, E218), propylparahydroxybenzoate (nipasol, E216) and potassium sorbate (E202). The purpose of this work is to evaluate the effectiveness of these antimicrobial preservatives in the composition of the gel under study. For microbiological studies 5 samples have been developed: N 1 – gel + phenoxyethanol 0.75%; N 2 – gel + benzalkonium chloride 0.015%; N 3 – gel + nipagin 0.15% + nipasol 0.05%; N 4 – gel + potassium sorbate 0.2%; N 5 – gel without preservatives added. The research used the method for evaluating the effectiveness of antimicrobial preservatives given in SPU 2.0 (Section 5.1.3). As a result of the experiment, it has been determined that the sample of gel without preservative does not meet the requirements of SPU and proved the need to add antimicrobial preservatives to the composition of the developed gel. The results of the study for samples with preservatives phenoxyethanol 0.75%, benzalkonium chloride 0.015%, nipagin 0.15% + nipasol 0.05% completely meet the requirements of SPU on the indicator «antimicrobial effectiveness of preservatives» for medicinal products for external use. An experimental study of the sample with a potassium sorbate 0.2% preservative showed that it did not fully meet the requirements of the above article of SPU. Among the samples that meet the requirements of SPU, the highest antimicrobial efficacy against strains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Candida albicans ATCC 885-653, Aspergillus brasiliensis ATSC 16404 has shown a sample of 0.75% phenoxyethanol preservative (N 1). Therefore, for further microbiological studies, samples of gels with phenoxyethanol concentrations of 0.5%, 0.75% and 1.0% were prepared and the antimicrobial efficacy of these samples has been studied. Based on experimental studies, it has been found that 0.75% is the optimal concentration of phenoxyethanol in the composition of gel containing dimethidene maleate and dexpanthenol. Thus, a complex of studies has been conducted to prove the antimicrobial effectiveness of the phenoxyethanol preservative and its concentration.
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Storz, Michael P., and Lea Holsten. "Empirical Analysis Revealing Privileged Chemical Space of Cosmetic Preservatives." Cosmetics 8, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics8030080.

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Most cosmetic products require preservation to prevent microbial contamination and to ensure consumer safety. Due to regulatory restrictions and rejection by consumers, preservative options have become limited and the development of novel solutions is needed. This search can be guided by knowledge about favorable chemical space for cosmetic preservatives. Therefore, we used preservatives allowed in the EU as training set and calculated various molecular properties. Empirical analysis revealed two separated areas of privileged chemical space with the net charge as distinctive property. The first area comprises the group of neutral and anionic preservatives and is characterized by low molecular size as well as limited hydrogen-bonding capacity, polarity, and flexibility. The second area includes cationic preservatives, which are rather diffusely distributed regarding molecular weight and hydrogen-bonding, however, all members share high flexibility. Both groups significantly differ from antibiotics, reflecting the specific requirement of cosmetic preservation. The molecular properties defining the privileged chemical space are easy to calculate, and thus, can provide guidance for the development of novel preservatives.
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Alekseev, I. B., A. V. Volkova, and L. I. Alekseeva. "Characteristics of glaucoma therapy with prostaglandin analogues nowadays." Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology 22, no. 3 (2022): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32364/2311-7729-2022-22-3-175-180.

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Ocular hypotensive prostaglandin analogues (PGAs) are prodrugs that penetrate the cornea and become biologically active after hydrolysis by corneal esterase. They reduce intracranial pressure by increasing the uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humour and decreasing the outflow resistance. PGAs remain relevant as the first-line therapy drugs for patients with newly diagnosed glaucoma. The obvious exposure drawbacks of eye drops with preservatives have become prerequisites for the use of preservative-free medicines. Currently, it is recommended to use eye drops with preservatives less commonly, in the ideal case — only preservative-free products. In turn, the production of preservative-free drugs requires suitable carriers for the medicinal substance delivery — special vials (that do not depressurize when used) or monodoses. At present, reusable polymer dropper bottles have been developed, equipped with a valve that excludes the fluid intake return, a nozzle with antibacterial elements and an embedded sterilizing air filter. In the pharmaceutical market, travoprost is presented in the dosage form of eye drops, 0.04 mg/mL. This drug implements the described mechanism of drug storage and delivery. The review presents a meta-analysis on the comparative efficacy and tolerability of travoprost. Preservative-free travoprost presence on the pharmaceutical market in a special vial expands the range of available anti-glaucoma drugs. Keywords: glaucoma, hypotensive therapy, preservative-free dosage forms, prostaglandin analogues, travoprost. For citation: Alekseev I.B., Volkova A.V., Alekseeva L.I. Characteristics of glaucoma therapy with prostaglandin analogues nowadays. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2022;22(3):175–180 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2022-22-3-175-180
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5

Myrhorod, V. S., O. H. Bashura, O. P. Strilets, S. H. Bobro, and L. S. Strelnykov. "Study of the efficacy of antimicrobial preservatives in justifying the composition of a dermatological gel with a phytocomplex." Current issues in pharmacy and medicine: science and practice 14, no. 3 (October 25, 2021): 306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14739/2409-2932.2021.3.239291.

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The microbiological stability of medicinal products always requires close attention during the pharmaceutical development phase, as microbial contamination can pose a threat to both the health of the patient and the stability of the medicinal product. The level of microbial contamination can be controlled by monitoring the quality of raw materials, compliance with appropriate sanitation of production facilities and equipment, the use of scientifically justified preservatives in the drug. The aim of the work is to substantiate the use of a preservative and its concentration in the composition of the developed gel with phytocomplex. Materials and methods. The objects of the study were gel samples with the addition of a preservative: Euxyl 9010K (90 % phenoxyethanol, 10 % ethylhexylglycerol), methyl parahydroxybenzoate (E218), sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, benzoic acid. Concentrations of antimicrobial substances used corresponded to their average value from the range of used concentrations. The research has used the method of evaluating the effectiveness of antimicrobial preservatives, given in SPU 2.0. Results. Experimental studies using preservatives Euxyl 9010K 0.60 %, methyl parahydroxybenzoate 0.25 %, sorbic acid 0.10 %, potassium sorbate 0.25 %, benzoic acid 0.15 % in the samples of the developed gel with phytocomplex had shown that the obtained results for all samples fully meet the requirements of SPU in terms of “antimicrobial efficacy of preservatives” for topical drugs. According to the results of the first stage of research, it had been found that the greatest antimicrobial efficacy was shown by a sample with the preservative Euxyl 9010K. The subject of the second stage of research was the substantiation of the concentration of Euxyl 9010K (0.45 %, 0.60 %, and 0.75 %) based on the results of which it had been established that the gel samples with concentrations of Euxyl 9010K 0.60 % and 0.75 % met the requirements of SPU on the indicator of “antimicrobial efficacy of preservatives” for topical medicinal products. The sample with a concentration of Euxyl 9010K 0.45 % also met these requirements, but the logarithm of the reduction in the number of viable cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria after 2 days of storage is 2.00, which was the limit value according to the requirements of SPU. Conclusions. The expediency of using Euxyl 9010K (90 % phenoxyethanol, 10 % ethylhexylglycerol) at a concentration of 0.60 % as a preservative had been experimentally substantiated.
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&NA;. "Two common pharmaceutical preservatives have shown synergistic ciliotoxicity." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 454 (June 1993): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199304540-00006.

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Lourenço, Felipe Rebello, Fabiane Lacerda Francisco, Márcia Regina Spuri Ferreira, Terezinha De Jesus Andreoli, Raimar Löbenberg, and Nádia Bou-Chacra. "Design Space Approach for Preservative System Optimization of an Anti-Aging Eye Fluid Emulsion." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 18, no. 3 (October 15, 2015): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/j3j600.

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The use of preservatives must be optimized in order to ensure the efficacy of an antimicrobial system as well as the product safety. Despite the wide variety of preservatives, the synergistic or antagonistic effects of their combinations are not well established and it is still an issue in the development of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. The purpose of this paper was to establish a space design using a simplex-centroid approach to achieve the lowest effective concentration of 3 preservatives (methylparaben, propylparaben, and imidazolidinyl urea) and EDTA for an emulsion cosmetic product. Twenty-two formulae of emulsion differing only by imidazolidinyl urea (A: 0.00 to 0.30% w/w), methylparaben (B: 0.00 to 0.20% w/w), propylparaben (C: 0.00 to 0.10% w/w) and EDTA (D: 0.00 to 0.10% w/w) concentrations were prepared. They were tested alone and in binary, ternary and quaternary combinations. Aliquots of these formulae were inoculated with several microorganisms. An electrochemical method was used to determine microbial burden immediately after inoculation and after 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 168 h. An optimization strategy was used to obtain the concentrations of preservatives and EDTA resulting in a most effective preservative system of all microorganisms simultaneously. The use of preservatives and EDTA in combination has the advantage of exhibiting a potential synergistic effect against a wider spectrum of microorganisms. Based on graphic and optimization strategies, we proposed a new formula containing a quaternary combination (A: 55%; B: 30%; C: 5% and D: 10% w/w), which complies with the specification of a conventional challenge test. A design space approach was successfully employed in the optimization of concentrations of preservatives and EDTA in an emulsion cosmetic product. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
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Ullah, Hammad, Yaseen Hussain, Cristina Santarcangelo, Alessandra Baldi, Alessandro Di Minno, Haroon Khan, Jianbo Xiao, and Maria Daglia. "Natural Polyphenols for the Preservation of Meat and Dairy Products." Molecules 27, no. 6 (March 15, 2022): 1906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27061906.

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Food spoilage makes foods undesirable and unacceptable for human use. The preservation of food is essential for human survival, and different techniques were initially used to limit the growth of spoiling microbes, e.g., drying, heating, salting, or fermentation. Water activity, temperature, redox potential, preservatives, and competitive microorganisms are the most important approaches used in the preservation of food products. Preservative agents are generally classified into antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-browning agents. On the other hand, artificial preservatives (sorbate, sulfite, or nitrite) may cause serious health hazards such as hypersensitivity, asthma, neurological damage, hyperactivity, and cancer. Thus, consumers prefer natural food preservatives to synthetic ones, as they are considered safer. Polyphenols have potential uses as biopreservatives in the food industry, because their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities can increase the storage life of food products. The antioxidant capacity of polyphenols is mainly due to the inhibition of free radical formation. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of plants and herbs is mainly attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds. Thus, incorporation of botanical extracts rich in polyphenols in perishable foods can be considered since no pure polyphenolic compounds are authorized as food preservatives. However, individual polyphenols can be screened in this regard. In conclusion, this review highlights the use of phenolic compounds or botanical extracts rich in polyphenols as preservative agents with special reference to meat and dairy products.
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Wang, Ya Mei, Xi Ming Wang, and Jun Liang Liu. "Study on Antibacterial Mechanism of CuAz Preservative on Wood White Rot Fungi." Applied Mechanics and Materials 195-196 (August 2012): 330–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.195-196.330.

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CuAz preservative is a new kind of wood preservative product with high efficient and low toxicity. In order to study antibacterial mechanism of CuAz preservative on white rot fungi, the form toxicological action of preservatives on the wood decay fungi and effect on fungi protein are examined in this paper. The results show that binding forms of toxicological role and protein electrophoresis has changed, we can analyze that the inhibitory role of the pharmacy which is likely to affect the pharmaceutical fungi related to the regulation of DNA synthesis gene expression. Thus prevented the protein and enzyme synthesis, so that the bacteria inhibited DNA synthesis affected the fungi cell division required certain proteins, inhibit certain normal cell growth associated protein and enzyme gene expression and the final result is cell disintegration, and even death.
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Attia, Gouda H., Diaa A. Marrez, Mona A. Mohammed, Hassan A. Albarqi, Ammar M. Ibrahim, and Mohamed A. El Raey. "Synergistic Effect of Mandarin Peels and Hesperidin with Sodium Nitrite against Some Food Pathogen Microbes." Molecules 26, no. 11 (May 26, 2021): 3186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113186.

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Food preservatives such as NaNO2, which are widely used in human food products, undoubtedly affect, to some extent, human organs and health. For this reason, there is a need to reduce the hazards of these chemical preservatives, by replacing them with safe natural bio-preservatives, or adding them to synthetic ones, which provides synergistic and additive effects. The Citrus genus provides a rich source of such bio-preservatives, in addition to the availability of the genus and the low price of citrus fruit crops. In this study, we identify the most abundant flavonoids in citrus fruits (hesperidin) from the polar extract of mandarin peels (agro-waste) by using spectroscopic techniques, as well as limonene from the non-polar portion using GC techniques. Then, we explore the synergistic and additive effects of hesperidin from total mandarin extract with widely used NaNO2 to create a chemical preservative in food products. The results are promising and show a significant synergistic and additive activity. The combination of mandarin peel extract with NaNO2 had synergistic antibacterial activity against B. cereus, Staph. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa, while hesperidin showed a synergistic effect against B. cereus and P. aeruginosa and an additive effect against Staph. aureus and E. coli. These results refer to the ability of reducing the concentration of NaNO2 and replacing it with a safe natural bio-preservative such as hesperidin from total mandarin extract. Moreover, this led to gaining benefits from their biological and nutritive values.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pharmaceutical Preservatives"

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Ingram, Paul Richard. "The mechanism of action of the opthalmic preservative Purite™ and a comparison to other preservatives." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2002. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21189.

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The use of preservatives in ophthalmic pharmaceuticals is mandatory to inhibit the growth of micro-organisms whilst on the shelf and during use. Traditional preservatives used in this application, over the long-term, are reported to cause serious patient reactions limiting their use. The novel oxy-chloro compound Purite™; is a newer generation ocular preservative that overcomes some of the patient related problems. Although the major constituent of Purite™; is sodium chlorite, very little is known about the exact mechanism for the activity of chlorite solutions as preservatives and the reasons for the differential toxicity between micro-organisms and ocular tissue. Electrospray mass spectrometry and NMR were used to investigate the types of reactions Purite™; was capable of undergoing in the presence of biological molecules in vitro. When added to preparations of phospholipids, at concentrations shown to be toxic to microbial cells, Purite™;was found to be a very mild oxidant of phospholipid vesicles generating very low levels of lipid hydroperoxides and no lipid chlorohydrins. However, compared to other oxidants, Purite™; was found to rapidly oxidise the reduced form of glutathione in vitro. Experiments on mammalian and microbial cells showed that the resistance could not be correlated to native membrane phospholipid profiles. Also, there was no membrane phospholipid oxidation observed in organisms treated with toxic doses of Purite™;. The differential resistance of test organisms to Purite™; related to their native levels of the antioxidant glutathione. Further research showed close correlation between cellular resistance and the ability of cells to maintain their cytosolic glutathione with increasing Purite™; doses. Anti-oxidant inhibitors were used to deplete specific resistance pathways in each test organism. The loss of resistance to Purite™; in specific organisms was found to correlate well not only to glutathione depletion but also catalase depletion. This study shows that Purite™; preferentially oxidises cellular glutathione to induce oxidative stress and resistance depends upon the anti-oxidant repertoire of each organism.
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Batts, A. H. "A study of the ciliotoxicity of some pharmaceutical preservatives." Thesis, University of Brighton, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234042.

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Roy, Shouvik. "Mechanistic studies of physico-chemical stability of model therapeutic proteins using pharmaceutically relevant factors /." Connect to full text via ProQuest. IP filtered, 2006.

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Thesis (Ph.D. in Pharmaceutical Sciences) -- University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, 2006.
Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 161-173). Free to UCDHSC affiliates. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;
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Gilliland, David. "Kinetic modelling of preservative systems." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334622.

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Sheppard, Fiona Cathleen. "The application of rapid microbiological methods to preservative efficacy testing of pharmaceuticals." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243903.

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Pacheco, Ana Rita Borba. "Parabenos nas formulações cosméticas : sim ou não?" Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/9064.

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Orientação: Catarina Fialho Rosado ; co-orientação: Joana Filipa Portugal Faria da Mota
Os parabenos são amplamente utilizados como conservantes em muitos alimentos, cosméticos e, produtos de higiene pessoal e medicamentos, devido ao seu perfil característico de baixa toxicidade e a uma longa história de uso seguro. Os parabenos são ésteres de alquil do ácido p-hidroxibenzóico e tipicamente incluem metilparabeno, etilparabeno, propilparabeno, butilparabeno, isobutilparabeno, isopropilparabeno e benzilparabeno. Estes compostos são conhecidos por terem um valor nulo ou fraca actividade estrogénica em ensaios in vitro. Algumas pesquisas tem gerado preocupação, onde os parabenos podem estar associados ao cancro da mama. A indústria dos cosméticos tem mantido a ideia de que os parabenos são seguros na exposição humana, enquanto que o impacto dos media tem levado muitas empresas a removê-los a partir dos seus produtos. Nos últimos anos, surgiu uma preocupação crescente a respeito de possíveis efeitos adversos das substâncias químicas nos alimentos e em cosméticos nos resultados da reprodução humana. Os parabenos podem não ser tão seguros quanto se pensava inicialmente, e uma interacção entre parabenos e a função mitocondrial nos testículos pode ser a chave para explicar a contribuição dos parabenos para uma diminuição do potencial reprodutivo. Hoje em dia, de acordo com a pesquisa mais actualizada, tanto cientistas como a indústria regulamentar continuam a concordar que não existe estabelecido nenhum vínculo epidemiológico entre parabenos e o cancro de mama. Assim, a substituição de parabenos por outro conservante menos conhecido pode apresentar um risco para o consumidor. Cabe, portanto, aos líderes industriais, cientistas, médicos e especialistas em cosméticos tranquilizar os consumidores e definir o registo correcto sobre a segurança e eficácia dos parabenos.
Parabens are widely used as preservatives in many foods, cosmetics, toiletries, and pharmaceuticals due to their relatively low toxicity profile and to a long history of safe use. Parabens are alkyl esters of phydroxybenzoic acid and typically include methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, isobutylparaben, isopropylparaben and benzylparaben. These compounds are knownto have a null or very weak estrogenic activity in assays in vitro. Some research has raised concern that parabens may be associated to breast cancer. The cosmetics industry has maintained that parabens are safe for human exposure, while the public outcry has caused many companies to remove them from our products. In recent years, an increasing concern has emerged regarding possible adverse effects of chemicals in food and in cosmetics on human reproduction outcomes. Parabens may not be as safe as initially thought, and suggestions that the interaction between parabens and mitochondrial function in the testis may be key in explaining the contribution of parabens in a decrease in reproductive potential. However, according to the most updated research, both scientists and industry regulatory agencies continue to agree that there is still no clearly established epidemiologic link between parabens and breast cancer. It is the replacement of parabens by other less-known preservative systems that could present a consumer risk. It thus up to the industry leaders, scientists, medical doctors, and cosmetic experts to reassure consumers and to set the record straight about the safety and efficacy of parabens.
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Books on the topic "Pharmaceutical Preservatives"

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G, Board R., Allwood M. C, and Banks J. G, eds. Preservatives in the food, pharmaceutical and environmental industries. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1987.

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Batts, Alison Heather. A study of the ciliotoxicity of some pharmaceutical preservatives. Brighton: Brighton Polytechnic Department of Pharmacy, 1989.

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3

-Y, Maillard J., and Sattar Syed, eds. Principles and practice of disinfection, preservation, and sterilization. 5th ed. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, 2012.

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Russell, A. D., Peter A. Lambert, Adam P. Fraise, and J. Y. Maillard. Russell, Hugo & Ayliffe's principles and practice of disinfection, preservation and sterilization. 4th ed. Malden, Mass: Blackwell Pub., 2004.

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Kirby, David, and David Kirby. Evidence of harm: Mercury in vaccines and the autism epidemic : a medical controversy. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2005.

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Board, R. G., and M. C. Allwood. Preservatives in Food, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Industries (Technical Series (Society for Applied Bacteriology)). Blackwell Science Inc, 1987.

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Fraise, Adam P., Syed Sattar, and Jean-Yves Maillard. Russell, Hugo and Ayliffe's Principles and Practice of Disinfection, Preservation and Sterilization. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2012.

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(Contributor), Gaj Ayliff, Jeremy Bagg (Contributor), Rosamund Baird (Contributor), Adam P. Fraise (Editor), Peter Lambert (Editor), J. Y. Maillard (Editor), and A. D. Russell (Editor), eds. Russell, Hugo and Ayliffe's Principles and Practice of Disinfection, Preservation and Sterilization. 4th ed. Blackwell Publishing Limited, 2004.

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(Editor), Donald S. Orth, Jon J. Kabara (Editor), Stephen P. Denyer (Editor), and S. K. Tan (Editor), eds. Cosmetic and Drug Microbiology (Cosmetic Science and Technology Series). Informa Healthcare, 2006.

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Lambert, Peter A., Adam P. Fraise, and Jean-Yves Maillard. Russell, Hugo and Ayliffe's Principles and Practice of Disinfection, Preservation and Sterilization. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pharmaceutical Preservatives"

1

Nahler, Gerhard. "preservatives." In Dictionary of Pharmaceutical Medicine, 145. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-89836-9_1110.

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Sandle, Tim. "Antibiotics and preservatives." In Pharmaceutical Microbiology, 171–83. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-100022-9.00014-1.

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"Antimicrobial Effectiveness Test and Preservatives in Pharmaceutical Products." In Microbial Contamination Control in the Pharmaceutical Industry, 301–18. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203026267-13.

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Nazir, Ishrat, and Sajad Ahmad Gangoo. "Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Potentials of Essential Oils." In Essential Oils - Advances in Extractions and Biological Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102037.

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It is a common perspective that medicinal plants have played and continue to perform an undeniably major role in the lives of people worldwide. Essential oils are the key constituents of medicinal herbs and their biological activities have been discovered since ancient times and are enormously utilised in multiple industries. The essential oils possess important biological properties like antibacterial, antioxidant, antiviral, insecticidal, etc. Because of these unique features they are more acceptable and are utilised in various fields throughout the world. In the cosmetics industry they play an important role in the development of perfumes while in the food industry they have been used as food preservatives. Essential oil components are interestingly utilised for pharmaceutical applications. The most investigated properties are antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, wound-healing, anxiolytic activities etc. The current thrust area is evaluation for aromatherapy and anti-cancer, as it is noted that essential oils reported in plants may prevent, inhibit, or even reverse formation of cancerous cells. The aim of this chapter is to provide a concise and comprehensive overview on the therapeutic and pharmaceutical potential of essential oils in the current scenario.
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Patel, Anuradha, Sanjesh Tiwari, Neeraj Pandey, Divya Gupta, and Sheo Mohan Prasad. "Role of Spices Beyond a Flavouring Agent." In Ethnopharmacological Investigation of Indian Spices, 5–35. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2524-1.ch002.

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Plants, principally spices and herbs, have been given much more attention because they are considered important for flavoring and coloring foods and their use as condiments. Herbs and spices have been used for generations by humans as food and also to treat ailments since they are full of medicinal and antioxidant properties and contain bioactive compounds like tannins, alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, polyphenols, and vitamins, which help in healing diseases. Spices and herbs contain biomolecules that play a crucial role in healthcare and fitness levels. Spices and herbs have been considered as esoteric food adjuncts as they play numerous roles like being coloring agents, flavoring agents, preservatives, food additives, and having uses in the medicinal and pharmaceutical industries.
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Patel, Anuradha, Sanjesh Tiwari, Neeraj Pandey, Divya Gupta, and Sheo Mohan Prasad. "Role of Spices Beyond a Flavouring Agent." In Research Anthology on Recent Advancements in Ethnopharmacology and Nutraceuticals, 616–48. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3546-5.ch032.

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Abstract:
Plants, principally spices and herbs, have been given much more attention because they are considered important for flavoring and coloring foods and their use as condiments. Herbs and spices have been used for generations by humans as food and also to treat ailments since they are full of medicinal and antioxidant properties and contain bioactive compounds like tannins, alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, polyphenols, and vitamins, which help in healing diseases. Spices and herbs contain biomolecules that play a crucial role in healthcare and fitness levels. Spices and herbs have been considered as esoteric food adjuncts as they play numerous roles like being coloring agents, flavoring agents, preservatives, food additives, and having uses in the medicinal and pharmaceutical industries.
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7

Hodges, Norman, and Geoffrey Hanlon. "Antimicrobial Preservative Efficacy Testing." In Pharmaceutical Science Series. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203305195.ch10.

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8

Baird, Rosamund M. "Preservative Efficacy Testing in the Pharmaceutical Industries." In Microbiological Quality Assurance, 149–62. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351074551-11.

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9

Denyer, Stephen. "Antimicrobial Preservatives and Their Properties." In Guide to Microbiological Control in Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices, Second Edition. CRC Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420021622.ch14.

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10

Harman, Robin, and R. Keith Greenwood. "Preservatives, Antimicrobial Agents, and Antioxidants." In Guide to Microbiological Control in Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices, Second Edition. CRC Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420021622.ch19.

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