Journal articles: 'Pharmaceutical Preservatives'

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Boukarim, Chawki, Sarah Abou Jaoude, Rita Bahnam, Roula Barada, and Soula Kyriacos. "Preservatives in liquid pharmaceutical preparations." Drug Testing and Analysis 1, no. 3 (March 2009): 146–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dta.28.

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Popova, T. V., O. P. Strilets, and H. P. Kukhtenko. "Justification of preservative choice and its concentration in the composition of anti-allergic action gel." Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal, no. 4 (July 30, 2020): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.4.20.08.

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Microbiological stability of medicines is an integral part of their quality, therefore, at the stage of pharmaceutical development, the issues of ensuring microbiological purity should be considered. To this end, various chemicals are added to the composition of semisolid medicines that actively inhibit the growth of microorganisms that enter the pharmaceutical system during production and reuse. Insufficient amount of a preservative can lead to the adaptation of microorganisms, and excess- to increase the toxicity of the drug. In the development of the composition of the anti-allergic action gel containing dimethindene maleate and dexpanthenol in order to select a preservative and its concentration, the following antimicrobial substances have been chosen: phenoxyethanol, benzalkonium chloride, methylparahydroxybenzoate (nipagin, E218), propylparahydroxybenzoate (nipasol, E216) and potassium sorbate (E202). The purpose of this work is to evaluate the effectiveness of these antimicrobial preservatives in the composition of the gel under study. For microbiological studies 5 samples have been developed: N 1 – gel + phenoxyethanol 0.75%; N 2 – gel + benzalkonium chloride 0.015%; N 3 – gel + nipagin 0.15% + nipasol 0.05%; N 4 – gel + potassium sorbate 0.2%; N 5 – gel without preservatives added. The research used the method for evaluating the effectiveness of antimicrobial preservatives given in SPU 2.0 (Section 5.1.3). As a result of the experiment, it has been determined that the sample of gel without preservative does not meet the requirements of SPU and proved the need to add antimicrobial preservatives to the composition of the developed gel. The results of the study for samples with preservatives phenoxyethanol 0.75%, benzalkonium chloride 0.015%, nipagin 0.15% + nipasol 0.05% completely meet the requirements of SPU on the indicator «antimicrobial effectiveness of preservatives» for medicinal products for external use. An experimental study of the sample with a potassium sorbate 0.2% preservative showed that it did not fully meet the requirements of the above article of SPU. Among the samples that meet the requirements of SPU, the highest antimicrobial efficacy against strains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Candida albicans ATCC 885-653, Aspergillus brasiliensis ATSC 16404 has shown a sample of 0.75% phenoxyethanol preservative (N 1). Therefore, for further microbiological studies, samples of gels with phenoxyethanol concentrations of 0.5%, 0.75% and 1.0% were prepared and the antimicrobial efficacy of these samples has been studied. Based on experimental studies, it has been found that 0.75% is the optimal concentration of phenoxyethanol in the composition of gel containing dimethidene maleate and dexpanthenol. Thus, a complex of studies has been conducted to prove the antimicrobial effectiveness of the phenoxyethanol preservative and its concentration.

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Storz, Michael P., and Lea Holsten. "Empirical Analysis Revealing Privileged Chemical Space of Cosmetic Preservatives." Cosmetics 8, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics8030080.

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Most cosmetic products require preservation to prevent microbial contamination and to ensure consumer safety. Due to regulatory restrictions and rejection by consumers, preservative options have become limited and the development of novel solutions is needed. This search can be guided by knowledge about favorable chemical space for cosmetic preservatives. Therefore, we used preservatives allowed in the EU as training set and calculated various molecular properties. Empirical analysis revealed two separated areas of privileged chemical space with the net charge as distinctive property. The first area comprises the group of neutral and anionic preservatives and is characterized by low molecular size as well as limited hydrogen-bonding capacity, polarity, and flexibility. The second area includes cationic preservatives, which are rather diffusely distributed regarding molecular weight and hydrogen-bonding, however, all members share high flexibility. Both groups significantly differ from antibiotics, reflecting the specific requirement of cosmetic preservation. The molecular properties defining the privileged chemical space are easy to calculate, and thus, can provide guidance for the development of novel preservatives.

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Alekseev, I. B., A. V. Volkova, and L. I. Alekseeva. "Characteristics of glaucoma therapy with prostaglandin analogues nowadays." Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology 22, no. 3 (2022): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32364/2311-7729-2022-22-3-175-180.

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Ocular hypotensive prostaglandin analogues (PGAs) are prodrugs that penetrate the cornea and become biologically active after hydrolysis by corneal esterase. They reduce intracranial pressure by increasing the uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humour and decreasing the outflow resistance. PGAs remain relevant as the first-line therapy drugs for patients with newly diagnosed glaucoma. The obvious exposure drawbacks of eye drops with preservatives have become prerequisites for the use of preservative-free medicines. Currently, it is recommended to use eye drops with preservatives less commonly, in the ideal case — only preservative-free products. In turn, the production of preservative-free drugs requires suitable carriers for the medicinal substance delivery — special vials (that do not depressurize when used) or monodoses. At present, reusable polymer dropper bottles have been developed, equipped with a valve that excludes the fluid intake return, a nozzle with antibacterial elements and an embedded sterilizing air filter. In the pharmaceutical market, travoprost is presented in the dosage form of eye drops, 0.04 mg/mL. This drug implements the described mechanism of drug storage and delivery. The review presents a meta-analysis on the comparative efficacy and tolerability of travoprost. Preservative-free travoprost presence on the pharmaceutical market in a special vial expands the range of available anti-glaucoma drugs. Keywords: glaucoma, hypotensive therapy, preservative-free dosage forms, prostaglandin analogues, travoprost. For citation: Alekseev I.B., Volkova A.V., Alekseeva L.I. Characteristics of glaucoma therapy with prostaglandin analogues nowadays. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2022;22(3):175–180 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2022-22-3-175-180

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Myrhorod, V. S., O. H. Bashura, O. P. Strilets, S. H. Bobro, and L. S. Strelnykov. "Study of the efficacy of antimicrobial preservatives in justifying the composition of a dermatological gel with a phytocomplex." Current issues in pharmacy and medicine: science and practice 14, no. 3 (October 25, 2021): 306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14739/2409-2932.2021.3.239291.

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The microbiological stability of medicinal products always requires close attention during the pharmaceutical development phase, as microbial contamination can pose a threat to both the health of the patient and the stability of the medicinal product. The level of microbial contamination can be controlled by monitoring the quality of raw materials, compliance with appropriate sanitation of production facilities and equipment, the use of scientifically justified preservatives in the drug. The aim of the work is to substantiate the use of a preservative and its concentration in the composition of the developed gel with phytocomplex. Materials and methods. The objects of the study were gel samples with the addition of a preservative: Euxyl 9010K (90 % phenoxyethanol, 10 % ethylhexylglycerol), methyl parahydroxybenzoate (E218), sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, benzoic acid. Concentrations of antimicrobial substances used corresponded to their average value from the range of used concentrations. The research has used the method of evaluating the effectiveness of antimicrobial preservatives, given in SPU 2.0. Results. Experimental studies using preservatives Euxyl 9010K 0.60 %, methyl parahydroxybenzoate 0.25 %, sorbic acid 0.10 %, potassium sorbate 0.25 %, benzoic acid 0.15 % in the samples of the developed gel with phytocomplex had shown that the obtained results for all samples fully meet the requirements of SPU in terms of “antimicrobial efficacy of preservatives” for topical drugs. According to the results of the first stage of research, it had been found that the greatest antimicrobial efficacy was shown by a sample with the preservative Euxyl 9010K. The subject of the second stage of research was the substantiation of the concentration of Euxyl 9010K (0.45 %, 0.60 %, and 0.75 %) based on the results of which it had been established that the gel samples with concentrations of Euxyl 9010K 0.60 % and 0.75 % met the requirements of SPU on the indicator of “antimicrobial efficacy of preservatives” for topical medicinal products. The sample with a concentration of Euxyl 9010K 0.45 % also met these requirements, but the logarithm of the reduction in the number of viable cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria after 2 days of storage is 2.00, which was the limit value according to the requirements of SPU. Conclusions. The expediency of using Euxyl 9010K (90 % phenoxyethanol, 10 % ethylhexylglycerol) at a concentration of 0.60 % as a preservative had been experimentally substantiated.

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&NA;. "Two common pharmaceutical preservatives have shown synergistic ciliotoxicity." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 454 (June 1993): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199304540-00006.

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Lourenço, Felipe Rebello, Fabiane Lacerda Francisco, Márcia Regina Spuri Ferreira, Terezinha De Jesus Andreoli, Raimar Löbenberg, and Nádia Bou-Chacra. "Design Space Approach for Preservative System Optimization of an Anti-Aging Eye Fluid Emulsion." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 18, no. 3 (October 15, 2015): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/j3j600.

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The use of preservatives must be optimized in order to ensure the efficacy of an antimicrobial system as well as the product safety. Despite the wide variety of preservatives, the synergistic or antagonistic effects of their combinations are not well established and it is still an issue in the development of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. The purpose of this paper was to establish a space design using a simplex-centroid approach to achieve the lowest effective concentration of 3 preservatives (methylparaben, propylparaben, and imidazolidinyl urea) and EDTA for an emulsion cosmetic product. Twenty-two formulae of emulsion differing only by imidazolidinyl urea (A: 0.00 to 0.30% w/w), methylparaben (B: 0.00 to 0.20% w/w), propylparaben (C: 0.00 to 0.10% w/w) and EDTA (D: 0.00 to 0.10% w/w) concentrations were prepared. They were tested alone and in binary, ternary and quaternary combinations. Aliquots of these formulae were inoculated with several microorganisms. An electrochemical method was used to determine microbial burden immediately after inoculation and after 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 168 h. An optimization strategy was used to obtain the concentrations of preservatives and EDTA resulting in a most effective preservative system of all microorganisms simultaneously. The use of preservatives and EDTA in combination has the advantage of exhibiting a potential synergistic effect against a wider spectrum of microorganisms. Based on graphic and optimization strategies, we proposed a new formula containing a quaternary combination (A: 55%; B: 30%; C: 5% and D: 10% w/w), which complies with the specification of a conventional challenge test. A design space approach was successfully employed in the optimization of concentrations of preservatives and EDTA in an emulsion cosmetic product. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

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Ullah, Hammad, Yaseen Hussain, Cristina Santarcangelo, Alessandra Baldi, Alessandro Di Minno, Haroon Khan, Jianbo Xiao, and Maria Daglia. "Natural Polyphenols for the Preservation of Meat and Dairy Products." Molecules 27, no. 6 (March 15, 2022): 1906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27061906.

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Food spoilage makes foods undesirable and unacceptable for human use. The preservation of food is essential for human survival, and different techniques were initially used to limit the growth of spoiling microbes, e.g., drying, heating, salting, or fermentation. Water activity, temperature, redox potential, preservatives, and competitive microorganisms are the most important approaches used in the preservation of food products. Preservative agents are generally classified into antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-browning agents. On the other hand, artificial preservatives (sorbate, sulfite, or nitrite) may cause serious health hazards such as hypersensitivity, asthma, neurological damage, hyperactivity, and cancer. Thus, consumers prefer natural food preservatives to synthetic ones, as they are considered safer. Polyphenols have potential uses as biopreservatives in the food industry, because their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities can increase the storage life of food products. The antioxidant capacity of polyphenols is mainly due to the inhibition of free radical formation. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of plants and herbs is mainly attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds. Thus, incorporation of botanical extracts rich in polyphenols in perishable foods can be considered since no pure polyphenolic compounds are authorized as food preservatives. However, individual polyphenols can be screened in this regard. In conclusion, this review highlights the use of phenolic compounds or botanical extracts rich in polyphenols as preservative agents with special reference to meat and dairy products.

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Wang, Ya Mei, Xi Ming Wang, and Jun Liang Liu. "Study on Antibacterial Mechanism of CuAz Preservative on Wood White Rot Fungi." Applied Mechanics and Materials 195-196 (August 2012): 330–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.195-196.330.

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CuAz preservative is a new kind of wood preservative product with high efficient and low toxicity. In order to study antibacterial mechanism of CuAz preservative on white rot fungi, the form toxicological action of preservatives on the wood decay fungi and effect on fungi protein are examined in this paper. The results show that binding forms of toxicological role and protein electrophoresis has changed, we can analyze that the inhibitory role of the pharmacy which is likely to affect the pharmaceutical fungi related to the regulation of DNA synthesis gene expression. Thus prevented the protein and enzyme synthesis, so that the bacteria inhibited DNA synthesis affected the fungi cell division required certain proteins, inhibit certain normal cell growth associated protein and enzyme gene expression and the final result is cell disintegration, and even death.

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Attia, Gouda H., Diaa A. Marrez, Mona A. Mohammed, Hassan A. Albarqi, Ammar M. Ibrahim, and Mohamed A. El Raey. "Synergistic Effect of Mandarin Peels and Hesperidin with Sodium Nitrite against Some Food Pathogen Microbes." Molecules 26, no. 11 (May 26, 2021): 3186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113186.

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Food preservatives such as NaNO2, which are widely used in human food products, undoubtedly affect, to some extent, human organs and health. For this reason, there is a need to reduce the hazards of these chemical preservatives, by replacing them with safe natural bio-preservatives, or adding them to synthetic ones, which provides synergistic and additive effects. The Citrus genus provides a rich source of such bio-preservatives, in addition to the availability of the genus and the low price of citrus fruit crops. In this study, we identify the most abundant flavonoids in citrus fruits (hesperidin) from the polar extract of mandarin peels (agro-waste) by using spectroscopic techniques, as well as limonene from the non-polar portion using GC techniques. Then, we explore the synergistic and additive effects of hesperidin from total mandarin extract with widely used NaNO2 to create a chemical preservative in food products. The results are promising and show a significant synergistic and additive activity. The combination of mandarin peel extract with NaNO2 had synergistic antibacterial activity against B. cereus, Staph. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa, while hesperidin showed a synergistic effect against B. cereus and P. aeruginosa and an additive effect against Staph. aureus and E. coli. These results refer to the ability of reducing the concentration of NaNO2 and replacing it with a safe natural bio-preservative such as hesperidin from total mandarin extract. Moreover, this led to gaining benefits from their biological and nutritive values.

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Salama, Paul, Ariel Gliksberg, Matan Cohen, Inbal Tzafrir, and Noa Ziklo. "Why Are Wet Wipes So Difficult to Preserve? Understanding the Intrinsic Causes." Cosmetics 8, no. 3 (August 16, 2021): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics8030073.

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Over the last two decades, significant advances have been made in developing disposable baby wet wipes. Wet wipes consist of two main components: nonwoven fabric and liquid. Being more than 90% water, wet wipes are more susceptible to microbial growth than typical personal care products; hence, high concentrations of preservative compounds are often used to ensure extended protection against contamination. However, there is an obvious tendency to minimize the concentration of irritating actives. Baby wet wipes should contain particularly mild surfactants, well-tolerated preservatives, and a buffer system maintaining the formulation pH at a suitable level for the infant’s skin. Efforts have been centered on removing ingredients with irritation potential, such as phenoxyethanol. In addition, a move towards more natural fabrics is occurring. However, these modifications provoke new challenges in preserving the final products. The nature and composition of the fiber can influence the interactions between the preservative and the wipe, subsequently affecting the performance of the preservative system. In this study, we analyzed the causes of the challenge in preserving wet wipes. We found that fabrics containing natural fibers are the main source of contamination, promoting the generation of biofilms on their surfaces. Moreover, the hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) was utilized to rationalize the physicochemical interactions between the fabric and the preservatives.

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Koudoro, Alain Y., Christian Tetede Rodrigue Konfo, Philippe Sessou, and Dominique C. K. Sohounhloue. "Status of research results in chemistry of biologically active substances in Benin." International Journal of Phytomedicine 10, no. 3 (November 19, 2018): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.5138/09750185.2251.

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Research on biologically active chemicals extracted from medicinal plants and essential oils from aromatic plants in the West African subregion is booming. Recognition of the clinical, pharmaceutical and economic value of herbal medicines continues to grow despite the growth of the pharmaceutical industry and the continued development of new, more effective synthetic and biological medical products. On the other hand, despite the improvement in food preservation technics, food preservatives nature remains one of the most important issues for public health. Indeed, several synthetic preservatives have been banned in some countries because of their long-term adverse toxicological effects. The current trend of consumers to seek for a more natural diet has prompted the research, development and application of new natural products with antimicrobial and antioxidant activities in order to use them as alternatives to synthetic preservatives. This review aims to do an inventory of the results of research in chemistry of biologically active substances in Benin.

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Nemes, Dániel, Renátó Kovács, Fruzsina Nagy, Mirtill Mező, Nikolett Poczok, Zoltán Ujhelyi, Ágota Pető, et al. "Interaction between Different Pharmaceutical Excipients in Liquid Dosage Forms—Assessment of Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Activity." Molecules 23, no. 7 (July 23, 2018): 1827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23071827.

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Nowadays, the safety of parabens as pharmaceutical preservatives is debated. Recent studies investigated their interference with the oestrogen receptors, nevertheless their carcinogenic activity was also proved. That was the reason why the re-evaluation of the biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity of parabens is required using modern investigation methods. We aimed to test the cytotoxic, antifungal and antibacterial effect of parabens on Caco-2 cells, C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Two complex systems (glycerol—Polysorbate 20; ethanol—Capryol PGMC™) were formulated to study—with the MTT-assay and microdilution method, respectively—how other excipients may modify the biocompatibility and antimicrobial effect of parabens. In the case of cytotoxicity, the toxicity of these two systems was highly influenced by co-solvents and surfactants. The fungi and bacteria had significantly different resistance in the formulations and in some cases the excipients could highly modify the effectiveness of parabens both in an agonistic and in a counteractive way. These results indicate that with appropriate selection, non-preservative excipients can contribute to the antimicrobial safety of the products, thus they may decrease the required preservative concentration.

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Assis, Polyana Araújo de, Severino Borba de Andrade, Clécia Maria Carvalho de Oliveira, Patrícia Menezes de Araújo, Severino Grangeiro Júnior, and Selma Verônica Vieira Ramos. "Development and validation of a microbial counting method for mebendazole oral suspension." Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 47, no. 3 (September 2011): 555–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502011000300013.

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Mebendazole is an important medicine used to treat helminth infections. These infections affect more than two billion people worldwide. The LAFEPE® (Recife-PE, Brazil) produces the drug mebendazole oral suspension that contains the preservatives methylparaben and propylparaben in its formulation. Drugs that have antimicrobial properties due to preservatives must undergo neutralization of these compounds to allow microbial count testing according to recommendations by the official compendia. In order to obtain a validated method for microbial counting and to ensure its safety and reliability within the pharmaceutical industry, validation of preservative neutralization and of the method for microbial counting was performed according to the USP 30 and PDA Technical Report No. 33. The method used ATCC Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms, yeasts, most and culture media Tryptic Soy Agar and Sabouraud dextrose agar. The neutralizers were polysorbate 80 and lecithin. Recovery levels of over 70% of the microorganisms used in the test indicated the neutralization of antimicrobial activity and proved the absence of toxicity of neutralizers. The microbial counting method validated proved accurate, precise, robust and linear and can be safely used in routine operations.

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Clarke, G. M., G. C. Jefferson, R. J. McBride, and P. C. Priestley. "THE CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF OPHTHALMIC PRESERVATIVES." Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 37, S12 (December 1985): 63P. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1985.tb14135.x.

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Springer, Arielle, and Helena Ziegler. "The Role of Preservatives and Multifunctionals on the Oxidation of Cosmetic O/W Emulsions." Cosmetics 9, no. 3 (June 7, 2022): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics9030059.

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Preservatives are typically used to protect cosmetic products from microbial spoilage. However, there is evidence that some preservatives can increase oxidation in O/W emulsions. This could have disadvantages for product quality, efficacy, and consumer health and well-being. Therefore, the impact of preservatives or multifunctionals on oxidation should be quantified. For this purpose, five O/W emulsions with different preservatives were prepared and stored. During storage, the oxygen concentration in the headspace of the samples was studied. The samples showed significant differences in their oxygen uptake and daily oxygen consumption rate. Thus, the preservatives used in this study had an influence on oxidation.

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Martsouka, Fotini, Konstantinos Papagiannopoulos, Sophia Hatziantoniou, Martin Barlog, Giorgos Lagiopoulos, Triantafyllos Tatoulis, Athanasia G. Tekerlekopoulou, Paraskevi Lampropoulou, and Dimitrios Papoulis. "The Antimicrobial Properties of Modified Pharmaceutical Bentonite with Zinc and Copper." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 8 (August 2, 2021): 1190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13081190.

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Pharmaceutical grade bentonite, containing a high amount of montmorillonite, enriched with zinc (Zn) or copper (Cu) (ZnBent and CuBent, respectively) was used as the main component for the creation of formulations for cutaneous use and tested for their antimicrobial capacity. Bentonite (Bent) with added phenoxyethanol (PH) as a preservative and unmodified bentonite were used as control groups. The mineralogical composition, structural state, and physical or chemical properties, before and after the modification of the samples, were characterized utilizing X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) techniques, and Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM, SEM-EDS) analyses. In addition, the profile of zinc and copper concentration from two types of surfaces ZnBent and CuBent, and into Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS) are discussed. Finally, the formulations in the form of basic pastes were challenged against bacteria, molds, and yeasts, and their performance was evaluated based on the European Pharmacopeia criteria. The Cu-modified bentonite performed excellently against bacteria and yeasts, while the Zn-modified bentonite only showed great results against yeasts. Therefore, Cu-modified bentonite formulations could offer antimicrobial protection without the use of preservatives.

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Vishnu, Nandimalla, and Annamalai Senthil Kumar. "A preanodized 6B-pencil graphite as an efficient electrochemical sensor for mono-phenolic preservatives (phenol and meta-cresol) in insulin formulations." Analytical Methods 7, no. 5 (2015): 1943–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ay02798a.

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A low-cost pre-anodized 6B-pencil graphite (6B-PGE*) is shown as a fouling-free and renewable electrochemical sensor for mono-phenols and can be used for the detection of mono-phenolic preservatives in pharmaceutical insulin formulations.

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Salama, Paul, and Ariel Gliksberg. "The Use of Catalytic Amounts of Selected Cationic Surfactants in the Design of New Synergistic Preservative Solutions." Cosmetics 8, no. 2 (June 20, 2021): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics8020054.

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Preservation using combinations of antibacterial molecules has several advantages, such as reducing the level of usage and broadening their antimicrobial spectrum. More specifically, the use of quaternary ammonium surfactants (QAS)—which are profusely used in hair care products and some are known as efficient antimicrobial agents—is limited due to some potential cytotoxicity concerns. This study shows that the concentration of some widely used cosmetic preservatives can be decreased when combined with very small quantities of QAS, i.e., Polyquaternium-80 (P-80) and/or Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC). The antimicrobial activity of their mixtures was first evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) before and after the addition of QAS. Following up on this finding and targeting an ultimate consumer friendly antimicrobial blend, yet with optimal safety, we chose to utilize the food-grade preservative Maltol as the main natural origin antimicrobial agent mixed with minimum concentrations of QAS to improve its moderate antimicrobial properties. The preservatives were tested for MIC values, challenge tests and synergy using the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI). The antimicrobial efficacy of Maltol was found to be synergistically improved by introducing catalytic amounts of P-80 and/or DDAC.

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Furrer, Pascal, Joachim M. Mayer, and Robert Gurny. "Ocular tolerance of preservatives and alternatives." European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 53, no. 3 (May 2002): 263–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0939-6411(01)00246-6.

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Muslim, Patriot, Febriana Tri Wulandari, and Hairil Anwar. "The Effect of Cold Soaking Duration and Concentration ff Preservatives on Preservation of Bayur (Pterospermum Javanicum) Using Preservative Extract Mimba Leaf (Azadirachta Indica)." HUTAN TROPIKA 17, no. 2 (December 3, 2022): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36873/jht.v17i2.5235.

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Wood is one of the forest products needed by humans for various uses, including as construction material, crafts, furniture and so on. The solution to save the use of wood by extending the life of the wood through the wood preservation process. The wood used in this study used Bayur wood (Pterospermum javanicum Jungh.). Bayur wood is a typical type of wood from the tropics belonging to durable class IV (easy to rot) which is wood that is easily attacked by wood-destroying organisms such as subterranean termites. Bayur wood grows and develops in secondary forest, with an altitude below 1,000 mdpl (Salmayanti et al., 2013). The aim of this research is:.(1) To determine the effect of immersion time on the value of absorption, retention and penetration of bayur wood preservation. (2) To determine the effect of the concentration of neem leaf extract preservative on the absorption, retention and penetration values of bayur wood preservation. (3) To determine the interaction effect of immersion time and concentration of neem leaf extract preservative on the absorption, retention and penetration values of bayur wood preservation. The results of this study indicate the conclusions that can be drawn as follows: (1) The immersion time has no effect on the value of absorption, theoretical retention, actual retention, and penetration of bayur wood immersion using neem leaf extract. (2) The concentration of preservatives has no effect on the value of absorption, theoretical retention, actual retention, and penetration. (3) The interaction between the length of immersion time and the concentration of preservatives did not affect the value of absorption, theoretical retention, actual retention, and penetration.

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RODFORD, R. "Safety evaluation of preservatives." International Journal of Cosmetic Science 19, no. 6 (December 1997): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.1997.tb00192.x.

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Hurwitz, Selwyn J., and Terence J. McCarthy. "Dynamics of Disinfection of Selected Preservatives Against Escherichia coli." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 74, no. 8 (August 1985): 892–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600740820.

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Abbas, Samah S., Mohamed R. Elghobashy, Lories I. Bebawy, and Rafeek F. Shokry. "Stability-indicating chromatographic determination of hydroquinone in combination with tretinoin and fluocinolone acetonide in pharmaceutical formulations with a photodegradation kinetic study." RSC Advances 5, no. 54 (2015): 43178–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra07083j.

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Колпакова, О. А., and Н. В. Кучеренко. "Research on the selection of a preservative for a soft dosage form with a water-soluble protein-polysaccharide complex of the fungus pleurotus ostreatus." Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal, no. 6 (December 20, 2021): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.6.21.07.

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One of the important aspects in the development of new drugs is their standardization and comprehensive assessment of quality indicators, which guarantees safety and stability throughout the life cycle of the drug. Soft drugs for external use with components of natural origin usually require the introduction of preservatives to ensure microbiological stability. Therefore, research on the selection of preservative is a necessary phase in pharmaceutical composition preparation. Purpose – foundation of the type choice and concentration of an effective preservative (or their combination) for the introduction into the composition of the ointment of anti-scarring activity with a water-soluble protein-polysaccharide complex of the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus. The object of the study was an original ointment composition based on an emulsion, the active component of which is a water-soluble protein-polysaccharide complex of the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus. To increase microbiological stability, preservatives were added to the samples, which are most common in soft dosage forms (nipagin:nipazol, triclosan, bronopol and benzoic acid). Determination of the sensitivity of ointment samples to microorganisms was performed by the method of diffusion into agar («well method»), as a microbiological model used a common set of test strains of reference cultures of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and fungi. The study found that sample 7 had demonstrated high antimicrobial properties, where the diameters of the growth retardation zones were 34–35 mm to Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Basillus subtilis ATCC 6633, 29–31 mm for Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 4636 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Growth retardation zones were 27–28 mm to fungi Candida albicans ATCC 653/885. Bronopol was introduced into the sample, this preservative should provide the necessary microbiological purity and stability of the prepared ointment. Studies show that soft dosage forms with substances of natural origin require the administration of antimicrobial agents. It has been experimentally proven that 0.2% bronopol provides effective microbiological stability of the soft dosage form with anti-scarring activity of water-soluble protein-polysaccharide complex of the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus.

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Tighrine, Abderrahmane, Youcef Amir, and Marzouk Mamou. "Application of an Accuracy Profile Strategy Based on the β-Expectation Tolerance Interval for the Validation of a Liquid Chromatography Analytical Method for the Quantification of Benzoic Acid and Its Salts in Different Foodstuffs." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 100, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.16-0249.

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Abstract This paper presents the validation of a method for the quantification of benzoic acid and its salt preservatives, which are extensively used in the preservation of foodstuffs. The Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives at the Food Agricultural Organization and World Health Organization has established maximum permitted limits for these compounds in different foodstuffs because of the harmful effects of benzoic acid and its salt preservatives when they exceed certain limits. Therefore, a reliable and simple method to quantify these preservatives was validated. The developed method used a combination of extracted external calibration standards, a simple extraction procedure, and reversed-phase HPLC. This method was validated by applying a new approach in which the total error was based on the β-expectation tolerance interval developed by the Society of Pharmaceutical Science and Techniques Commission with an acceptability limit fixed ata λ of ±15%. The results demonstrated that themethod is accurate, with repeatability between 1.096 and 1.986% and intermediate precision between 1.133 and 2.005% in the considered concentration range. The LOD was 0.1597 μg/mL.

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Valenta, Claudia, Elfriede Schwarz, and Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch. "Lysozyme-caffeic acid conjugates: possible novel preservatives for dermal formulations." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 174, no. 1-2 (November 1998): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5173(98)00252-x.

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Sasaki, Hitoshi, Toshiaki Nagano, Kenzo Yamamura, Koyo Nishida, and Junzo Nakamura. "Ophthalmic Preservatives as Absorption Promoters for Ocular Drug Delivery." Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 47, no. 9 (September 1995): 703–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1995.tb06726.x.

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Furrer, Pascal, Joachim M. Mayer, Bernard Plazonnet, and Robert Gurny. "Ocular tolerance of preservatives on the murine cornea." European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 47, no. 2 (March 1999): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0939-6411(98)00069-1.

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Michalkiewicz, Slawomir, Agata Skorupa, and Magdalena Jakubczyk. "Carbon Materials in Electroanalysis of Preservatives: A Review." Materials 14, no. 24 (December 11, 2021): 7630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14247630.

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Electrochemical sensors in electroanalysis are a particularly useful and relatively simple way to identify electroactive substances. Among the materials used to design sensors, there is a growing interest in different types of carbon. This is mainly due to its non-toxic properties, low cost, good electrical conductivity, wide potential range, and the possibility of using it in both aqueous and nonaqueous media. The electrodes made of carbon, and especially of carbon modified with different materials, are currently most often used in the voltammetric analysis of various compounds, including preservatives. The objective of this paper is to present the characteristics and suitability of different carbon materials for the construction of working electrodes used in the voltammetric analysis. Various carbon materials were considered and briefly discussed. Their analytical application was presented on the example of the preservatives commonly used in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical preparations. It was shown that for the electroanalysis of preservatives, mainly carbon electrodes modified with various modifiers are used. These modifications ensure appropriate selectivity, high sensitivity, low limits of detection and quantification, as well as a wide linearity range of voltammetric methods of their identification and determination.

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Kovács, Anita, Dóra Péter-Héderi, Katalin Perei, Mária Budai-Szűcs, Attila Léber, Attila Gácsi, Erzsébet Csányi, and Szilvia Berkó. "Effects of Formulation Excipients on Skin Barrier Function in Creams Used in Pediatric Care." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 8 (August 4, 2020): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12080729.

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Semisolid dosage forms are recommended for the dermal care of babies and children. If we look at the ingredients of these preparations, there are still many cases in which there are substances (occlusive agents, preservatives) that no longer meet certain requirements of the modern age, so it is timely to replace them with other substances. The aim of this work was to formulate a science-based formulation with new components that keep or improve its moisturizing properties, rheological parameters, and microbiological stability. Occlusive oils, like white petrolatum and liquid paraffin and the preservative parabens are traditional ingredients in oil in water creams, were replaced with white beeswax, sunflower oil, and phenoxyethanol, respectively. Cocoa butter, urea, and glycerol were added to improve long-lasting hydration and support the barrier function of the reformulated creams. The rheological properties of the formulations were determined. The effects of the preparations on skin hydration and on the barrier function of the skin were tested. Furthermore, microbiological stability was investigated. The result of the reformulation was an o/w cream that provided a good longer-lasting hydration effect; supported the barrier function of the baby skin without occlusion; and had adequate consistency, easy spreading, a pleasant skin feeling, proper pH, and good microbiological stability.

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Berton, Baptiste, Philip Chennell, Mouloud Yessaad, Yassine Bouattour, Mireille Jouannet, Mathieu Wasiak, and Valérie Sautou. "Stability of Ophthalmic Atropine Solutions for Child Myopia Control." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 8 (August 17, 2020): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12080781.

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Myopia is an ophthalmic condition affecting more than 1/5th of the world population, especially children. Low-dose atropine eyedrops have been shown to limit myopia evolution during treatment. However, there are currently no commercial industrial forms available and there is little data published concerning the stability of medications prepared by compounding pharmacies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of two 0.1 mg/mL atropine formulations (with and without antimicrobiobial preservatives) for 6 months in two different low-density polyethylene (LDPE) multidose eyedroppers. Analyses used were the following: visual inspection, turbidity, chromaticity measurements, osmolality and pH measurements, atropine quantification by a stability-indicating liquid chromatography method, breakdown product research, and sterility assay. In an in-use study, atropine quantification was also performed on the drops emitted from the multidose eyedroppers. All tested parameters remained stable during the 6 months period, with atropine concentrations above 94.7% of initial concentration. A breakdown product (tropic acid) did increase slowly over time but remained well below usually admitted concentrations. Atropine concentrations remained stable during the in-use study. Both formulations of 0.1 mg/mL of atropine (with and without antimicrobial preservative) were proved to be physicochemically stable for 6 months at 25 °C when stored in LDPE bottles, with an identical microbial shelf-life.

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Carrascal, Juan José, Rodolfo Pinal, Teresa Carvajal, León Darío Pérez, and Yolima Baena. "Benzoic acid complexes with Eudragit E100®: New alternative antimicrobial preservatives." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 607 (September 2021): 120991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120991.

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Sigg, Melanie, and Rolf Daniels. "Investigations on Alkanediols as Alternative Preservatives in a Nonionic Hydrophilic Cream." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 11 (November 20, 2020): 1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12111117.

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Alkanediols are often used as alternative antimicrobial preservatives for dermal formulations, e.g., hydrophilic creams. These substances show an antimicrobial effect due to their amphiphilic structure. At the same time, their amphiphilic behavior enables various interactions with the cream base itself. Therefore, the effect of four different alkanediols, namely 1,2-pentanediol, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol (hexylene glycol), 1,2-hexanediol, and 1,2-octanediol on the physical stability of a nonionic hydrophilic cream was investigated. Further, the incorporation of the alkanediols into lamellar structures of the cream was evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements. The interaction with the mixed crystals of the cream was found to increase with raising alkyl chain length of the added alkanediol. As a result, consistency and stability of the cream are slightly impaired. A test for efficacy of antimicrobial preservation according to the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph.Eur.) revealed that the antimicrobial activity is directly linked to the length of the alkyl chain of the alkanediols. 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol differs from both findings. This compound has non-vicinal hydroxy groups which result in a reduced amphiphilicity compared to the others. Consequently, it has a smaller impact on the colloidal structure of the cream and shows a comparatively low antimicrobial activity.

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Sudha, T., K. Manthena, VR Ravikumar, and V. Ganesan. "High performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of ambroxol hydrochloride in presence of antimicrobial preservatives in oral liquid formulation." Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 18, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v18i1.23505.

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A simple gradient reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of ambroxol hydrochloride in presence of antimicrobial preservatives in oral liquid formulation. The chromatographic separation was achieved by an Inertsil C8 (250 X 4.6 mm, 5? particle size) column using gradient technique. The eluents were detected at 245 nm with photodiode array detector. The optimized mobile phase consisted of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid as a mobile phase A and a mixture of mobile phase A and acetonitrile in the ratio of 76:24 % v/v as mobile phase B. Ambroxol hydrochloride and microbial preservatives were eluted at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The method validated according to the International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The calibration curves were linear over the (r2 > 0.99) concentrations range from 300 to 900 ppm for ambroxol hydrochloride, 10 to 30 ppm for propyl paraben and 100 to 300 ppm for methyl paraben. The limit of detection was found to be 0.024 ppm for ambroxol hydrochloride, 0.018 ppm for propyl paraben and 0.009 ppm for methyl paraben. The percentage recoveries were found to be in the range from 99.55 to 101.1% for ambroxol hydrochloride, 100.31 to 101.46% for propyl paraben and 98.18 to 101.61% for methyl paraben. Stability indicating capability was established by forced degradation experiments. No chromatographic interference from the degradation products was found. The proposed method was highly sensitive, precision and accurate and hence successfully applied for the quantification of ambroxol active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) and preservatives content in the commercially available oral liquid formulation.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 18(1): 8-14, 2015

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Lukić, Milica. "Preservatives, colorants and UV filters in cosmetic products: Safety aspects." Arhiv za farmaciju 68, no. 5 (2018): 934–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/arhfarm1805934l.

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Lundov, M. D., J. D. Johansen, C. Zachariae, and L. Moesby. "Low-level efficacy of cosmetic preservatives." International Journal of Cosmetic Science 33, no. 2 (January 27, 2011): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2494.2010.00619.x.

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Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman, Sabaa Saleh Al-Hemyari, Moyad Shahwan, and Sa’ed H. Zyoud. "Analysis and Quantification of Alkyl (C12-22) Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride Content in Cosmetics: Regulatory Compliance Gap Analysis." Cosmetics 8, no. 4 (November 3, 2021): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics8040103.

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Background: Exceeding the recommended Alkyl (C12-22) trimethyl ammonium bromide and chloride levels in cosmetics and personal care products is a serious health threat. Objectives: To quantify and investigate Cetrimonium chloride and Behentrimonium chloride in cosmetics and personal care products in the UAE market to gauge whether or not they adhered to requirements for safety and health. Methods: A total of 164 cosmetics products were collected and analyzed in this study. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of Cetrimonium chloride and Behentrimonium chloride surfactants in cosmetics products. With each product, Cetrimonium chloride and Behentrimonium chloride (%) were calculated. To test cross-group differences in Cetrimonium chloride and Behentrimonium chloride (%), Kruskal–Wallis test was applied. Results: Of the 125 tested cosmetics and personal care products, five (4%) exceeded the recommended Cetrimonium chloride level in rinse-off hair products (2.5%), 10 (8%) exceeded the recommended Cetrimonium chloride level in leave-on hair products (1%), and 24 (61.5%) exceeded the recommended Cetrimonium chloride level used as a preservative in cosmetics products. Moreover, of the 125 tested cosmetics and personal care products, 21 (53.8%) exceeded the recommended Behentrimonium chloride level used as preservatives in cosmetics products. Conclusions: Although several structures for cosmetics quality and control across the globe are fairly comprehensive and intricate, there is a need to make them more rigorous to apply compliance with GMP and ensure regulatory control. Doing so would help enhance the inspection and regulation of cosmetics containing Behentrimonium chloride/Cetrimonium chloride preservatives. Furthermore, there is a dire need to establish a unified cosmetovigilance worldwide.

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Chotana, Ghayoor, Tayyaba Shahzadi, and Rahman Saleem. "Facile Synthesis of Halogen Decorated para-/meta-Hydroxybenzoates by Iridium-Catalyzed Borylation and Oxidation." Synthesis 50, no. 21 (August 9, 2018): 4336–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610538.

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Hydroxybenzoates are an important class of phenols that are widely used as preservatives and antiseptics in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In this report, a facile preparation of 2,6- and 2,3-disubstituted 4/5-hydroxybenzoates by iridium-catalyzed borylation of respective disubstituted benzoate esters followed by oxidation is described. This synthetic route allows for the incorporation of halogens in the final hydroxybenzoates with substitution patterns not readily accessible by the traditional routes of aromatic functionalization.

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Bettero, A., F. Galiano, S. Daolio, and C. A. Benassi. "The characterization of isothiazolinone preservatives in cosmetics." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 3, no. 6 (January 1985): 581–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0731-7085(85)80076-5.

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Akbarian, Mohsen, and Shu-Hui Chen. "Instability Challenges and Stabilization Strategies of Pharmaceutical Proteins." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 11 (November 20, 2022): 2533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14112533.

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Maintaining the structure of protein and peptide drugs has become one of the most important goals of scientists in recent decades. Cold and thermal denaturation conditions, lyophilization and freeze drying, different pH conditions, concentrations, ionic strength, environmental agitation, the interaction between the surface of liquid and air as well as liquid and solid, and even the architectural structure of storage containers are among the factors that affect the stability of these therapeutic biomacromolecules. The use of genetic engineering, side-directed mutagenesis, fusion strategies, solvent engineering, the addition of various preservatives, surfactants, and additives are some of the solutions to overcome these problems. This article will discuss the types of stress that lead to instabilities of different proteins used in pharmaceutics including regulatory proteins, antibodies, and antibody-drug conjugates, and then all the methods for fighting these stresses will be reviewed. New and existing analytical methods that are used to detect the instabilities, mainly changes in their primary and higher order structures, are briefly summarized.

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Islam, Md Samiul, Nisat Zahan, Md Shahadat Hossain, and Abu Shara Shamsur Rouf. "Determination of Preservatives in Fruit Juice Products Available in Bangladesh by a Validated RP HPLC Method." Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 18, no. 2 (September 22, 2019): 195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v18i2.43262.

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The aim of this study was to investigate whether fruit juices available in markets of Bangladesh contain any preservative. A specific RP-HPLC method was developed, validated and applied to identify and quantify preservatives including benzoic acid, sorbic acid, methyl paraben and propyl paraben simultaneously in 50 different products. These additives were separated by C18 column in mobile phase composed of methanol and acetate buffer (pH 4.4) in the ratio of 50:50 with a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min, and detected at 254 nm. Linearities for benzoic acid, sorbic acid, methyl paraben and propyl paraben were determined in the range of 20-170 ppm (r2 0.997), 12-42 ppm (r2 0.994), 10-60 ppm (r2 0.993) and 10-60 ppm (r2 0.992) respectively. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 5.46 ppm and 16.5 ppm for benzoic acid while for sorbic acid they were 1.08 ppm and 3.30 ppm, respectively. Benzoic acid was detected in a range of 96.1 to 441 ppm in 9 fruit juices while in 7 fruit juices sorbic acid was found in a range of 105 - 444 ppm. The values were within the maximum allowable ranges for fruit juice (1000 ppm for both benzoic acid and sorbic acid) as suggested by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). None of the juice product was found to contain methyl paraben or propyl paraben Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(2): 195-208, 2019 (December)

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Russell, A. D. "Mechanisms of bacterial resistance to non-antibiotics: food additives and food and pharmaceutical preservatives." Journal of Applied Bacteriology 71, no. 3 (September 1991): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1991.tb04447.x.

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Jaworska, Małgorzata, Zofia Szulińska, and Małgorzata Wilk. "Application of a capillary electrophoresis method for simultaneous determination of preservatives in pharmaceutical formulations." Journal of Separation Science 28, no. 2 (February 2005): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200401785.

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LEHNER, S. J., B. W. MÜLLER, and J. K. SEYDEL. "Effect of Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin on the Antimicrobial Action of Preservatives." Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 46, no. 3 (March 1994): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1994.tb03775.x.

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Batool, Fareeha, Eric Delpy, Franck Zal, Elisabeth Leize-Zal, and Olivier Huck. "Therapeutic Potential of Hemoglobin Derived from the Marine Worm Arenicola marina (M101): A Literature Review of a Breakthrough Innovation." Marine Drugs 19, no. 7 (June 29, 2021): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19070376.

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Oxygen (O2) is indispensable for aerobic respiration and cellular metabolism. In case of injury, reactive oxygen species are produced, causing oxidative stress, which triggers cell damaging chemical mediators leading to ischemic reperfusion injuries (IRI). Sufficient tissue oxygenation is necessary for optimal wound healing. In this context, several hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers have been developed and tested, especially as graft preservatives for transplant procedures. However, most of the commercially available O2 carriers increase oxidative stress and show some adverse effects. Interestingly, the hemoglobin derived from the marine lugworm Arenicola marina (M101) has been presented as an efficient therapeutic O2 carrier with potential anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and antioxidant properties. Furthermore, it has demonstrated promise as a supplement to conventional organ preservatives by reducing IRI. This review summarizes the properties and various applications of M101. M101 is an innovative oxygen carrier with several beneficial therapeutic properties, and further research must be carried out to determine its efficacy in the management of different pathologies.

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Sultana, Abida, Robiul Islam, Md Mazharul Islam, Mohammad Shoeb, and Nilufar Nahar. "Study of Preservatives and Stimulants in Commercial Soft Drinks." Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 19, no. 1 (August 10, 2016): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v19i1.29241.

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Commercially available soft drinks i.e., Sprite and 7up (lemon) samples of 10 different batches were studied by UV-Vis spectrophotometry to find out the presence of preservative and stimulant. The wavelength of absorption maxima (?max) was 224 nm for sodium benzoate and 272 nm for caffeine. The soft drink samples were degassed, extracted with HPLC grade water and cleaned up to study sodium benzoate and caffeine content. The average quantity of caffeine was in the range of 22 to 30 ?g/ml in Sprite and 20 to 30 ?g/ml in 7up (lemon), whereas the average quantity of sodium benzoate was in the range of 181 to 191 ?g/ml in Sprite and 140 to 160 ?g/ml in 7up (lemon) samples. The correlation coefficients of the calibration curves of sodium benzoate and caffeine were found to be 0.9972 and 0.9862, respectively. Recovery experiment was done by spiking sodium benzoate at 20 ?g/ml level with 10 replicate studies. The mean recovery of sodium benzoate was 89.14 ± 2.14 %. The reproducibility and repeatability of the method was very satisfactory with low value of RSD. The present method can be successfully applied for the study of sodium benzoate and caffeine in commercial soft drinks.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 19(1): 68-74, 2016

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Islam, Md Nahidul, Nahinur Rahman Akhand, Arafat Al Mamun, Asaduzzaman Shishir, Marufa Zerin Aktar, Shakila Nargis Khan, Md Mozammel Hoq, and Mohammad Shahnoor Hossain. "Screening and Characterization of Bacteriocin-Like Inhibitory Substances Produced by Bangladeshi Strains of Bacillus thuringiensis." Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 18, no. 2 (July 26, 2015): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v18i2.24314.

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Bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized antibacterial peptides which have the potential to be used as natural food preservatives as well as alternative to antibiotics. Here, we report the production of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) from the indigenous strains of Bacillus thuringiensis. Deferred antagonism bacteriocin assay and agar well diffusion methods suggested that several of the tested strains have high levels of bacteriocin-like activity against the common food-borne pathogens, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. These bacteriocins are generally produced at the mid-logarithmic phase of growth with optimum temperature of 37 ºC, pH-7.0 and 24 h of incubation. Heat stability assay demonstrated that the bacteriocins produced from the strains are highly heat stable and can retain activity up to 100 ºC. Our study suggests that these bacteriocins may be potential candidates for use as biodegradable natural food preservatives and alternative antimicrobial agents to solve the increasing trends of problems of antibiotic resistance.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 18(2): 149-156, 2015

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Neri, Ilaria, Sonia Laneri, Ritamaria Di Lorenzo, Irene Dini, Giacomo Russo, and Lucia Grumetto. "Parabens Permeation through Biological Membranes: A Comparative Study Using Franz Cell Diffusion System and Biomimetic Liquid Chromatography." Molecules 27, no. 13 (July 1, 2022): 4263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27134263.

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Parabens (PBs) are used as preservatives to extend the shelf life of various foodstuffs, and pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations. In this work, the membrane barrier passage potential of a subset of seven parabens, i.e., methyl-, ethyl-, propyl- isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, and benzyl paraben, along with their parent compound, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, were studied. Thus, the Franz cell diffusion (FDC) method, biomimetic liquid chromatography (BLC), and in silico prediction were performed to evaluate the soundness of both describing their permeation through the skin. While BLC allowed the achievement of a full scale of affinity for membrane phospholipids of the PBs under research, the permeation of parabens through Franz diffusion cells having a carbon chain > ethyl could not be measured in a fully aqueous medium, i.e., permeation enhancer-free conditions. Our results support that BLC and in silico prediction alone can occasionally be misleading in the permeability potential assessment of these preservatives, emphasizing the need for a multi-technique and integrated experimental approach.

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Tomar, Rajesh Singh, Bhawna Sharma, Shuchi Kaushik, and Raghvendra Kumar Mishra. "POTENTIAL ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OILS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN FOOD PRESERVATION." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 5 (May 1, 2018): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i5.24383.

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The quality of food is highly affected by different types of biological, chemical, and physical contaminants. Microbial contaminations that are transferred through direct or indirect pathways such as through saliva, pest droppings, blood, or fecal matter affect the quality of food worldwide. Food can be spoiled by bacteria as well as fungus. The fungal microbes secrete toxins to intoxicate the food material rendering it unfit for consumption. The objective of the present review is to explore the application of essential oil (EO) as potent antifungal agent and thus good sources of food preservative. We have reviewed previously published papers on antimicrobial activity of EOs. The antimicrobial activity of these natural plant products has been assayed by different approaches. Apart from their activity against microbes, the other beneficial effects of these plant products such as antioxidant activity and enhancing the food quality are also observed by various groups of scientists all over the globe. On the basis of results obtained by different researchers worldwide, the EOs can be authenticated as a food preservative. For the preservation of food, several chemicals are being used by different food industries at large scale; however, they have some limitations. Recently much attention has been directed toward the development of less or negligibly toxic ethno-products which may be utilized for human use for several purposes such as food preservatives, in cosmetics, and medicines. The plant-based volatile EOs and non-volatile secondary metabolites have wide applications in dietary supplements, food flavoring and preservation, folk medicine, and fragrance industry. Several reports have confirmed the antioxidant efficacy of plant-based EOs in vitro and in vivo. Application of plant materials as dietary supplements and preservatives is mainly due to their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and other biological as well as pharmaceutical potentials. Nowadays, EOs and their components are gaining increased attention because of their relatively safe status, their wide acceptance by consumers and the possibility of their exploitation for potential multipurpose uses. It will be relevant to extract EOs, since these extracted oils may have antimicrobial potential which can be utilized for their possible roles against food spoilage microbes.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pharmaceutical Preservatives'

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