Academic literature on the topic 'Pharmaceutical raw material'
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Journal articles on the topic "Pharmaceutical raw material"
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Singh, Shefali, and Harvinder Popli. "Indian Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) Industry- An overview on Challenges, Opportunities & Regulatory prerequisites." International Journal of Drug Regulatory Affairs 9, no. 2 (June 17, 2021): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ijdra.v9i2.471.
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Active pharmaceutical ingredient is a chemical compound which is most important raw material to formulate a finished pharmaceutical medicine and has a pharmacological effect. India has a long history of being heavily dependent for these raw materials on China due to one major reason i.e. Low manufacturing cost. But overdependence of APIs imports from China brought various liabilities to India including supply chain disruption and price hikes during pandemic, leading to shortage of various important APIs/KSMs. This COVID 19 widespread has solidly put the center of our country on being “Atma Nirbhar”. And this activity had brought out the strengths, market patterns and opportunities in five divisions counting Healthcare, which are basic from country’s point of view. In view of changing geo-political situation and recalibrated trade arrangement, it is crucial that India become self-reliant within the generation of APIs and KSMs, which is why decreasing the Import reliance for Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) & Key starting materials (KSMs) particularly from china has been focused upon with the assistance of productive linked incentive scheme (PLIS) passed by Department of pharmaceuticals, Government of India to thrive Indian API industry.
Hence, this review highlights the current state of Indian API industry, evaluates challenges, opportunities give suggestions for moving forward for self-sufficiency of APIs as well as centers on current regulatory prerequisites for Active pharmaceutical Ingredients.
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Luo, Maoyi, Ji Hu, Shan Xing, Yang Wu, Daqian Liu, and Xiongxin Dai. "Determination of major radionuclidic impurities in K99TcO4 pharmaceutical raw material." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 330, no. 1 (September 18, 2021): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-021-07902-w.
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Nikiforov, L. N., S. V. Krivoshchekov, N. E. Kolomiets, T. V. Kadyrova, N. V. Isaikina, N. Y. Abramets, E. A. Bezverkhniaia, and M. V. Belousov. "Development of Parameters for Standardization of Duckweed (Lemna Minor L.) Raw Material." Drug development & registration 10, no. 1 (February 25, 2021): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33380/2305-2066-2021-10-1-74-81.
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Introduction. Lemna minor L. (duckweed) refers to the duckweed subfamily (Lemnaceae S. F. Gray) and widely distributed in ponds of Russia. Literature data confirm the possibility of harvesting significant volumes of this raw material in natural habitat and grown in aquaculture. The process of biosynthetic accumulation in duckweed fronds provides a variety of compounds with a wide spectrum of biological activity. Therefore, the use of raw materials Lemna minor L. is promising for the development of drugs and parapharmaceutical products. Thus, it is an urgent task to quantify active components of duckweed and standardize (determination of criteria for identification, quality and safety) plant material.Aim. Establish macro- and microscopic characteristics of raw materials and develop methods for the quantitative determination of the main groups of biologically active substances (BAS) for standardization of raw duckweed.Materials and methods. Samples of duckweed was collected in natural habitats of Western Siberia. Macro- and microscopic assay, HPLC, UV-spectrometry were used in research process.Results and discussion. Were established the criteria for identification of duckweed fronds by studying external (macroscopic) and microscopic features of raw material Lemna minor L. Was developed and validated the procedure of the quantitative determination of phenolcarboxylic acids in raw material Lemna minor L.Conclusion. The study of external (macroscopic) and microscopic features provided the criteria for identification of the raw material Lemna minor L. The technique for the quantitative analysis of polysaccharides using gravimetry does not need validation, because is a direct method of substance measurement. Was validated quantification method of phenolcarboxylic acids (in terms of chlorogenic acid) by criteria of linearity, repeatability, in-laboratory precision and accuracy. Was established quality criteria for identification and quantitative assay, which can be used in the draft for normative documents for medicinal plant raw material of Lemna minor L. «Duckweed fronds».
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Yu, Jiaqi, Bing Xu, Kunfeng Zhang, Chenfeng Shi, Zhiqiang Zhang, Jing Fu, and Yanjiang Qiao. "Using a Material Library to Understand the Impacts of Raw Material Properties on Ribbon Quality in Roll Compaction." Pharmaceutics 11, no. 12 (December 7, 2019): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11120662.
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The purpose of this study is to use a material library to investigate the effect of raw material properties on ribbon tensile strength (TS) and solid fraction (SF) in the roll compaction (RC) process. A total of 81 pharmaceutical materials, including 53 excipients and 28 natural product powders (NPPs), were characterized by 22 material descriptors and were compacted under five different hydraulic pressures. The transversal and longitudinal splitting behaviors of the ribbons were summarized. The TS-porosity and TS-pressure relationships were used to explain the roll compaction behavior of powdered materials. Through defining the target ribbon quality (i.e., 0.6 ≤ SF ≤ 0.8 and TS ≥ 1 MPa), the roll compaction behavior classification system (RCBCS) was built and 81 materials were classified into three categories. A total of 24 excipients and five NPPs were classified as Category I materials, which fulfilled the target ribbon quality and had less occurrence of transversal splitting. Moreover, the multivariate relationships between raw material descriptors, the hydraulic pressure and ribbon quality attributes were obtained by PLS regression. Four density-related material descriptors and the cohesion index were identified as critical material attributes (CMAs). The multi-objective design space summarizing the feasible material properties and operational region for the RC process were visualized. The RCBCS presented in this paper enables a formulator to perform the initial risk assessment of any new materials, and the data modeling method helps to predict the impact of formulation ingredients on strength and porosity of compacts.
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Lyublinskiy, S. L., I. N. Lyublinskaya, V. P. Galochkina, E. M. Koloskova, V. N. Karkischenko, M. S. Nesterov, I. A. Berzin, R. A. Ageldinov, and R. S. Churyukin. "Improving the Technology of Extraction, Preparation and Conservation of Musk Deer Extract for the Standardization and Production of Pharmaceutical Substances." Journal Biomed 16, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33647/2074-5982-16-1-28-41.
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The development of new methods for the conservation of biological raw materials, which can be used in the production of active pharmaceutical substances, is increasingly attracting research attention. This article presents the results of comparative studies into the effectiveness of biological conservation using cryopreservation, electron beam treatment and the lactoperoxidase system. Electron beam technologies demonstrated a pronounced antimicrobial effect in the treatment of musk deer extract and other biologically active substances. A recommendation was formulated to treat musk extract with electron-beam radiation at an absorbed dose of 6 kGy (9.5 MeV) following cryopreservation at –25°C over the period of 1 year. The data obtained using the method of accelerated testing allows an extended shelf life of up to 48 months to be predicted.For the first time, the main indicators of the quality and safety of musk deer extract as a potential raw material for the production of active pharmaceutical substances and medicinal animal raw materials were determined. A standard for the quality of musk deer extract as a raw material, as well as an experimental-industrial regulation for its preparation and preservation, were developed.
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Rafael, Bence, Nóra Kuruczleki, and József Gál. "The way of the pharmaceutical ingredients to the finished pharmaceutical form." Analecta Technica Szegedinensia 12, no. 2 (December 5, 2018): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2018.2.24-31.
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The modern pharmaceutical industry is a strictly controlled area. Both national and international rules apply, but none of these deals with logistical issues arising from the manufacture of the product. Following the path of a drug, it is possible to get acquainted with the problems that arise and their solution.
The drug is much more than a common product. The drug is a product of confidence, which is provided with information. It defines its quality as well, to comply with the relevant directives and standards in the manufacture of, and that the enclosed information is sent to the user.
This requires the manufacturer, the distributor and the user to comply with it. There is no production without material handling, but GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) does not yet have a chapter on logistics. References to handling raw materials and finished products can be found in the corresponding GMP chapters, the responsibility of the correct execution are borne by the manufacturer. In this case, the effect of the common sense prevails exponentially, keep the medicine in mind and it has to be done, that no loss, no quality deterioration is not caused by the transport, handling of such loads, storage.
It is typical that the raw material and the finished product are going through the entire site during the pharmaceutical manufacture. Starting from the warehouse, it runs through the manufacturing facilities, on the packaging, and some units go to the lab, so that eventually, in medicine form returns to the warehouse, from where it goes further in the supply chain through the pharmacies to the patients.
In our study we examine the logistics activity and problems of a small pharmaceutical company and tasks to be solved presented in the light of the theory.
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Pratiwi, Firda, and Sawarni Hasibuan. "Perencanaan persediaan bahan baku amoxicillin menggunakan metode material requirement planning: studi kasus." Operations Excellence: Journal of Applied Industrial Engineering 12, no. 3 (November 11, 2020): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/oe.2020.v12.i3.007.
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PT. XYZ is a pharmaceutical company that produces Amoxicillin. In managing its inventory, PT XYZ has not done a good plan to determine the size of raw material orders. The existence of these problems, a study was conducted with the aim of determining Amoxicillin raw material inventory planning to eliminate the accumulation of raw materials at future. The initial stage is forecasting using three methods, namely Linear Regression, Exponential Smoothing and Moving Average. Of the three forecasting methods, the Linear Regression method provides the smallest error accuracy. The chosen method of forecasting must be carried out in advance of verification test (Moving Range) to be used as a basis for planning future raw material requirements. Furthermore, calculations are carried out using the MRP method to determine the size of the order lot for each raw material and reduce the cost of saving. The lot size technique used includes Lot for Lot (LFL), Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), and Fixed Period Requirement (FPR). Of the three lot size techniques used, the LFL method provides the lowest total cost of inventory.
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Firdaus, Firdaus, Roos Kities Andadari, Hari Murti Mahatma Putra, and Sri Sulandjari. "Supply Chain Management on Inventory Indonesian Drug Industry." Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research 1, no. 2 (January 4, 2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jamr.1.2.63-72.
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The development of the human population in the world, especially Indonesia, to date is approximately 260 million people, making Indonesia in a big challenge where Indonesia must be able to meet the domestic drug supplies needed by the community. The availability of drugs is still an obstacle in the National Health Insurance in Indonesia, this requires the role of the pharmaceutical industry in supporting drug availability by implementing good supply chain management. The focus of this discussion is to look at drug supplies in Indonesia in meeting people's needs and identify factors for production planning, production capacity and raw material procurement for the pharmaceutical industry in supporting the availability of drugs to support the National Health Insurance. This research is a descriptive study by collecting information from various literatures on pharmacy and medicines in Indonesia with a focus on the discussion of production planning, production capacity and raw material procurement and delivery to pharmaceutical companies in supporting drug availability. Because the planning for drug needs used as a basis for drug procurement is inaccurate so that pharmaceutical companies cannot make accurate production plans and the quantity of drugs for the community is inaccurate, time and unavailable at any time, the need for and procurement of materials still depends on imported raw materials from abroad around 95% with a lead time of 1-3 months so that it has the potential to deplete drug supplies and make the National Health Insurance in Indonesia worse.
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Matyushin, A. A., О. V. Nesterova, O. A. Malanova, and V. A. Popkov. "The prospects for pharmaceutical use of herbal raw material containing alkylamides." Journal of scientific articles "Health and Education millennium" 19, no. 1 (January 31, 2017): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26787/nydha-2226-7425-2017-19-1-123-128.
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Benedetti, Antonio, Jiyi Khoo, Sandeep Sharma, Pierantonio Facco, Massimiliano Barolo, and Simeone Zomer. "Data analytics on raw material properties to accelerate pharmaceutical drug development." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 563 (May 2019): 122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.002.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Pharmaceutical raw material"
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Silva, Nathalia Cristina da Silva e. "Funcionalização do 3,4,6-tri-O-acetil-D-glucal com sais de organotrifluoroboratos de potássio e reações de click chemistry para a geração e funcionalização de triazóis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9138/tde-22042013-143833/.
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No presente trabalho, foi desenvolvida uma metodologia sintética para a funcionalização de um monossacarídeo derivado da D-glicose através do Rearranjo de Ferrier, utilizando-se um sal de organotrifluoroborato de potássio como nucleófilo. Em seguida, foi feita a reação de cicloadição azida-acetileno com cobre, através de estratégias simples e eficientes, que seguem a filosofia da click chemistry, permitindo a preparação de uma série de compostos com grande diversidade estrutural, possuindo dois anéis heterocíclicos e diversos substituintes, com promissora atividade biológica. Dando continuidade ao projeto, foi feita a metanólise dos grupamentos acetila, com carbonato de potássio e metanol. Assim, as novas moléculas adquirem maior hidrofilicidade e podem ser enviadas para novos testes biológicos, para fins de comparação com as anteriores. A partir dos compostos desprotegidos, foi feita a mesilação seletiva da hidroxila primária do açúcar e a substituição com selenolato de sódio, com a obtenção de seleno-carboidratos inéditos. Em uma segunda etapa do trabalho, exploramos a reatividade do núcleo triazólico, com a reação de troca Te/Li seguida de captura por eletrófilo. O material de partida foi sintetizado a partir do fenil acetileno. Com o triazol telurado em mãos, partimos para as reações de troca e captura por eletrófilo. Utilizamos diferentes tipos de eletrófilos, como aldeídos, cetonas, iodetos, dentre outros.We developed a synthetic methodology for the functionalization of a monosaccharide derived from D-glucose, using the Ferrier rearrangement with a potassium organotrifluoroborate salt as the nucleophile. This way, a series of coumpounds with high structural diversity and two heterocyclic rings having different substituents were produced, using the azide-acetylene cycloaddition reaction. Through this simple and efficient methodology, that follows the \"click chemistry\" philosophy, we could synthesize molecules with promising biological activity. Continuing the project, we performed the methanolysis of the acetyl groups, with potassium carbonate and methanol. Thus, the new molecules become more hydrophilic and could be sent to new biological tests, for a comparison with the previous ones. From the deprotected compounds, we were able to mesilate the primary hydroxyl and substitute it with sodium selenolate, obtaining novel selenium-carbohydrates. In a second part of our work, we were able to exploit the triazole reactivity trough the Te/Li exchange reaction followed by the electrophile capture. The starting material was obtained from phenyl acetylene. With the teluratte in our hands, we set out to the exchange reactions, using several types of electrophiles, such as aldehydes, ketones, iodide, among others.
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Canduzini, Hugo Antonio. "Síntese e funcionalização de 1,2,3-triazóis via reação de cicloadição [3+2] de azidas e acetilenos terminais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9138/tde-07032013-094439/.
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O objetivo deste trabalho é explorar a síntese e funcionalização de 1,2,3- triazóis empregando o uso de reações do tipo \"Click-chemistry\", que é uma abordagem para a síntese de diversos compostos com base em reações de formação de ligação carbono-heteroátomo, onde a reação é estereoespecífica, altamente eficiente e geralmente com elevados rendimentos e em alguns casos ausência de subprodutos. O composto 1,2,3-triazol, sendo o material de partida para a continuidade do projeto foi preparado a partir do álcool propargílico (4) em presença de uma azida orgânica (1) e utilizando cobre(I) como agente promotor. Após a obtenção de uma série de compostos 1,2,3-triazólicos (2), procedeu-se a etapa de tosilação da hidroxila e posterior cicloadição multicomponente de um novo 1,2,3-triazol formando compostos bis-triazólicos. Os bis-triazóis (5) obtidos foram testados frente a cepas fúngicas, responsáveis por dermatites, com resultados satisfatórios. Ainda essas estruturas poderão ser empregados como blocos construtores para a síntese de estruturas mais complexas.The aim of this work has been exploring the synthesis and functionalization of 1,2,3-triazoles employing the use of \"click-chemistry\" concept, which is defined as an approach for synthesis of various compounds based on reactions of carbon-heteroatom bond formation, which the reaction is stereospecific, high-efficiently, commonly gives high yields and in some cases no by-products are formed. The compound 1,2,3-triazole, which is the main starting material for the next steps was prepared from propargyl alcohol (4) in the presence of an organic azide (1) and copper(I) as a reaction promoter. Subsequently with a series of 1,2,3-triazole (2n) prepared we proceeded to the next step which is the substitution of hydroxyl for a tosyl group and after that a multicomponent cycloaddition of a new 1,2,3-triazole compound forming bis-triazoles. Bis-triazoles (5) were tested against fungal strains, responsible for dermatitis, with delighted results, furhtermore this class of strutures can be used as building blocks to improve efficiency in some other more complex structure.
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Conté, Jennifer. "Intensification of pharmaceutical production : from the raw materials to the crystallized active pharmaceutical ingredient." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016INPT0015.
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L’un des nombreux défis pour l’industrie pharmaceutique est de développer des procédés compétitifs pour produire des principes actifs de hautes qualités à bas coût. Pour ce faire, plusieurs sociétés se tournent vers la chimie en flux continu et les avantages qu’elle présente comparé au batch traditionnel. C’est pourquoi ces travaux de thèse se centrent sur le développement d’un procédé continu allant des matières premières au principe actif. La première étape pour parvenir à ce but fut de collecter des données sur le procédé batch industriel actuel. Il se compose de trois étapes de réactions chimiques, une de séparation chromatographique et une étape de cristallisation. A partir de là, la chimie de chaque réaction a été adaptée pour profiter au mieux des avantages du flux continu. La dissipation de chaleur étant plus efficace qu’en batch il fut possible de développer une réaction exothermique sans solvant à haute température. Une étude cinétique a été réalisée afin de modéliser cette réaction. Ensuite, cet outil fut utilisé pour déterminer les conditions opératoires optimales théoriques de la réaction et en guider l’optimisation ainsi que la conception du futur réacteur. La deuxième partie de ce travail se focalise sur la cristallisation en continu du principe actif avec la technique des jets impactant. Il est nécessaire d’avoir un contrôle précis sur la distribution de taille de particules (DTP) et la morphologie des cristaux. En effet, le principe actif peut cristalliser sous deux formes compétitives : cristaux cubiques ou en forme d’aiguilles. Les cubes sont la forme désirée. La technique des jets impactant a été sélectionnée car c’est un procédé continu qui permet la génération de fines particules avec une DTP resserrée. La sursaturation est généralement crée en impactant un jet de solution de principe actif avec un jet d’anti-solvant. Ici, le solvant et l’anti-solvant sont les mêmes. Seule une large différence de température entre les deux jets génère la sursaturation. En testant différentes conditions opératoires, une « zone cubique » a été définie, où seuls des cristaux de forme désirée sont générés. Une fois la nucléation maîtrisée, le murissement et la séparation solide-liquide furent étudiés pour développer un procédé complet de cristallisation. En combinant les recherches sur le développement des réactions chimiques et l’étape de cristallisation, un procédé continu complet fut proposé et comparé au procédé batch actuel afin d’évaluer les bénéfices apportés par la transposition en flux continu à la production du principe actifOne of the many challenges in the pharmaceutical industry is to develop competitive processes to generate high quality active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) at low cost. To achieve this goal, many companies are looking towards flow chemistry and the advantages it affords, compared to traditional batch production. It is why this PhD work is focused on developing a continuous process from the raw materials to the API. The first step to achieve this goal was to collect data on the actual industrial batch process. It is composed of five steps, three steps of chemical reactions, one chromatographic separation and a crystallization step. From this starting point, the chemistry of each reaction was adapted to better use the advantages of flow chemistry. Thus, as the heat recovery in a continuous reactor is more efficient than in batch, it was possible to develop an exothermal reaction in neat conditions and at high temperature. A kinetic study was undertaken to gather knowledge on the reaction and develop a reaction model. This tool was used to find theoretical optimal operating conditions (temperature, residence time…) to guide the optimisation of the reaction and to design the future industrial reactor. The second part of this work is focused on the continuous crystallization of the API using the two impinging jets technology. It is required to have a tight control upon the morphology of the crystals and the particle size distribution (CSD). Indeed, the targeted API may crystallize under two competitive forms: cubic and needle crystals. The cubic form is the desired one. The two impinging jets technique was selected, since it is a continuous process able to generate small particles with a narrow CSD. The supersaturation is traditionally generated by impacting a jet of API solution with an anti-solvent one. Here, the solvent and the antisolvent are identical and only a large temperature difference between both streams is used to create the supersaturation. By screening different operating conditions, a “cubic zone” could be defined. Within this zone, only the desired crystal form is generated. Once the nucleation was under control, crystal growth and solid-liquid separation were studied to develop a complete crystallization process. By combining the research on the development of the chemical reactions and the crystallization step a full continuous process was proposed and was compared to the current batch one in order to evaluate the benefits brought by the flow chemistry to the API production
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Grazier, Jeffery N. "Characterisation of amorphous pharmaceutical materials." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12986.
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Small quantities of amorphous content can have a profound influence on the properties of a material, however their instability means that quantifying amorphous content over time is important for proving the stability of a drug. Quantifying amorphous content in α-lactose monohydrate by solid state 13C CP MAS NMR, has been carried out by use of proton saturation recovery relaxation and differentiating between spectra by partial least squares (PLS), however these techniques have not proved sensitive on their own, this work investigates their sensitivity in combination. Crystalline α-lactose monohydrate and a rapidly quenched melt were combined to create a set of calibration mixes, whose spectra were recorded using proton saturation recovery relaxations ranging from 2 to 60 seconds. This technique showed a limit of detection of 0.17% (LOD = intercept + 3xSy/x), with a relaxation delay of 15 s and was able to recognise amorphous materials generated by spray and freeze drying. The atmospheric effects on the proton saturation recovery relaxation times of different amorphous lactose preparations were investigated. This found that an oxygen atmosphere reduced the relaxation times, of amorphous lactose that was prepared from a rapidly quenched melt. The loss of moisture from spray dried and freeze dried samples to less than 1% removed the significance of this effect. Lactose is an important excipient in pharmaceuticals and a key ingredient of confectionary, very little research has been carried out in to the quantification of the isomers of different preparations of amorphous lactose. This work quantifies the isomer content by Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionisation Detection (GC-FID) using a DB-17 15m 0.53mm 1.00 μm column and derivatisation with N- (trimethylsilyl)imidazole.
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Khor, Si Ming Thomas. "The study of inventory management of raw materials for a pharmaceutical company." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42320.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 91).
TCG is a multinational pharmaceutical company. As part of its drive to adopt lean manufacturing methodology in the plant and to stay competitive in the industry, TCG plans to effectively maximize its capital assets and reduce the warehouse space from 3500 to 1500 pallet spaces. This thesis focuses on the raw materials procurement and ordering methods in TCG. We study the accuracy of the demand forecasts for the finished products. And we investigate methods to improve procurement and inventory control. We use a 2-factor classification method to rank the 38 types of raw materials in the warehouse in terms of their importance based on their past procurement costs and the amount of warehouse space they occupied. We propose a just-in-time approach for the 9 most important items by having timely orders that match closely to the production schedule. A continuous review model is used for the next 11 items of less importance and a periodic review model is used for the remaining 18 items, which are of the least importance. We discuss and justify the assumptions used in our analysis. We provide a few further recommendations on how to improve inventory control based on observations of the current practices. The overall result shows that it might be possible to reduce the amount of space occupied by raw materials from the current average of 1076 pallets by 72%.
by Si Ming Thomas Khor.
M.Eng.
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Konrad, Rainer Wilhelm. "Planejamento e controle das matérias-primas na produção de medicamentos em Farmanguinhos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2016. http://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/15037.
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Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos/Farmanguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
A produção de medicamentos como a maioria da produção de produtos manufaturados, requer matérias-primas as quais necessitam inicialmente de um planejamento eficaz e depois um controle eficiente para que o produto final seja entregue nas condições requeridas. A falha no processo de aquisição dos insumos pode resultar negativamente em toda a cadeia produtiva. Farmanguinhos como Laboratório Farmacêutico Oficial (LFO) deve seguir a Lei nº 8.666 de 21 de junho de 1993, que trata do processo de aquisição, o que torna a atividade mais complexa assim como a atividade de Planejamento e Controle da Produção. Assim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar o sistema de suprimento de Farmanguinhos e propor melhorias no planejamento e controle de matérias-primas. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo tendo como estratégia metodológica o estudo de caso referente à Farmanguinhos. Foram realizados cálculos entre os tempos estimados e reais para cada etapa do processo produtivo de antirretrovirais no LFO em questão. Ademais, foram buscadas informações referentes a experiências de outros LFO e por fim foram elaboradas propostas de melhoria. No que tange ao atendimento ao cliente, Farmanguinhos não tem tido bom desempenho, uma vez que apenas 24% dos pedidos foram atendidos no prazo. Possui em tempo médio de atendimento para os anos 2010 a 2014 de 395 dias reais contra uma expectativa do principal cliente, o Ministério da Saúde, de 157 dias. O suprimento das matérias-primas corresponde a 88% do tempo total, sendo que só a requisição e a aquisição correspondem a 72% do tempo total. A primeira vista, a legislação rígida do serviço público parece ser o maior fator de atraso no sistema produtivo de Farmanguinhos. A lei veda a escolha de fornecedores e contratos de exclusividade por longos períodos a não ser em condições excepcionais. Ficando assim, na contramão das empresas de ponta no mercado privado que montam suas cadeias de suprimentos com empresas de sua escolha e com exclusividade. As propostas para tentar reduzir o tempo de suprimento passam pela qualificação de fornecedores e realização de Registro de Preços para aquisição das matérias-primas
The pharmaceutical production, as well as the manufactured products production, requires raw materials, which initially need an effective planning and then an efficient control to guarantee that the final product will be deliver in the required conditions. Failure to inputs of the acquisition process can result negatively on the entire commodity chain. Farmanguinhos, as Brazilian official pharmaceutical laboratories (LFO), should follow the Brazilian law no. 8666 of June 21, 1993, that treats about acquisition process, which makes the activity more complex and turn planning and production control complex too. Thus, this study objective to analyze Farmanguinhos supply chain system the Farmanguinhos and propose improvements in the planning and control of raw materials. It was conducted a descriptive study, having as a methodological strategy a case study of the Farmanguinhos. Calculations were make between theoretical and actual times for each stage of the antiretroviral production process at the LFO in question. In addition, information’s were show regarding the experiences of other LFO and finally improvement proposals were make. According to customer service, Farmanguinhos has not had good performance, only 24% of requests were delivery on time. Has a total average service time in the years 2010-2014 of 395 actual days against an expectation of the main customer, the Ministry of Health, of 157 days. The raw material supply correspond to 88% of the total time and, if we concentrate only the in request and in acquisition this correspond to 72% of the total time. At first glance, the rigid law of public service seems to be the longest delay factor in the productive system Farmanguinhos. The law prohibits the choice of suppliers and exclusive contracts for long periods unless in exceptional condition. Being against the leading companies in the private market that hires their supply chain with companies of your choice and being exclusive. The proposal try to reduce the leading time passes the qualification of suppliers and price record of accomplishment to purchase materials.
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Bernardo, Naíssa Prévide. "Análise estereosseletiva do cloridrato de cis-tramadol e de suas impurezas em matéria-prima e formulação farmacêutica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60134/tde-10122008-222618/.
Full textAbstract:
O cloridrato de tramadol, analgésico sintético de ação central, possui dois centros quirais: o isômero cis é ativo e o isômero trans é uma impureza de processo. Ambos os enantiômeros do cloridrato de cis-tramadol contribuem para o efeito analgésico, mas através de mecanismos diferentes, complementares e interativos farmacologicamente. Os dois isômeros do cis-tramadol apresentam efeitos terapêuticos, e a presença de impurezas, incluindo os isômeros trans - decorrentes do processo de síntese ou devido à decomposição - podem comprometer a qualidade do produto comercializado. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver e validar metodologia estereosseletiva para análise do cloridrato de cis-tramadol e das possíveis impurezas quirais ou não na matéria-prima e formulações farmacêuticas. Para a separação e quantificação dos enantiômeros do cloridrato de cis-tramadol e das impurezas trans-tramadol, 1,2-olefina e 1,6-olefina, foi utilizada a coluna Chiralcel® OD-H, fase móvel constituída por hexano (60% e 100% de n-hexano, 1:1, v/v):isopropanol:dietilamina:ácido trifluoracético (99,5:0,5:0,3:0,1, v/v/v/v), na vazão de 0,7 mL min-1 e detecção em 274 nm. A coluna Chiralpak® AD fase móvel constituída por hexano (60% de n-hexano):etanol absoluto:dietilamina (95:5:0,1, v/v/v), na vazão de 1,0 mL min-1 e o comprimento de onda para detecção dos compostos foi de 228 nm foi utilizada para a separação e quantificação das impurezas O-desmetiltramadol, N-desmetiltramadol e tramadol N-óxido. Os métodos desenvolvidos foram devidamente validados através dos parâmetros seletividade, linearidade, precisão, exatidão, intervalo, limite de detecção e limite de quantificação. Os resultados obtidos na validação mostraram que os métodos são adequados para a determinação do cis-tramadol e de suas impurezas na matéria prima e na formulação farmacêutica.Tramadol hydrochloride is a centrally acting analgesic with two chiral centers; the cis isomer is the active drug and the trans isomer is a process impurity. Both enantiomers of cis-tramadol hydrochloride contribute to the analgesic effect through different, but complementary and interactive pharmacological mechanisms. Although both isomers of cis-tramadol hydrochloride show therapeutic effects, the presence of impurities, originated from the synthesis process or due to degradation, can compromise the quality of the marketed product. The aim of this present work was the development and validation of a stereosselective methodology for the analysis of the drug cis-tramadol hydrochloride and the possible chiral or non-chiral impurities in raw materials and pharmaceutical formulations. The separation and quantitation of cis-tramadol enantiomers and the impurities trans-tramadol, 1,2-olefin and 1,6-olefin were carried out using a Chiralcel® OD-H column, mobile phase of hexane (60% and 100% of n-hexane, 1:1, v/v):2-propanol:diethylamine:trifluoroacetic acid (99,5:0,5:0,3:0,1, v/v/v/v) at a flow rate of 0,7 mL min-1 and detection at 274 nm. For the separation and quantitation of the impurities O-desmethyltramadol, N-desmethyltramadol and tramadol N-oxide, a Chiralpak® AD column was used with a mobile phase of hexane (60% of n-hexane):ethanol absolute: diethylamine (95:5:0,1, v/v/v) at a flow rate of 1,0 mL min-1 and detection at 228 nm. The methods were validated using the parameters selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, range, detection limit and quantitation limit. The results obtained show that the methods are suitable for the analysis of cis-tramadol and its impurities in raw material and pharmaceutical formulation.
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Botteselle, Giancarlo di Vaccari. "Síntese de 2-aril e 2,5-diarilfuranos funcionalizados: potenciais sondas fluorescentes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9138/tde-18092009-153237/.
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A utilização de sondas fluorescentes para marcação ou detecção de biomoléculas de interesse em processos biológicos distintos, vem recebendo grande atenção em pesquisas biomédicas, de análises clínicas e biologia celular. Em geral, estas sondas fluorescentes são constituídas por moléculas orgânicas pequenas, as quais apresentam características fluorescentes e capacidade de conjugar-se com estas biomoléculas. Desta forma, esta dissertação descreve inicialmente a síntese de compostos 2-aril ou 2,5- diarilfuranos e tiofenos (3, 5, 7 e 9a-i), a partir de espécies orgânicas de telúrio (1, 4, 6 e 8) e sais de ariltrifluoroboratos de potássio (2a-i), via reação de acoplamento cruzado tipo Suzuki-Miyaura, sob catálise de paládio [ver a figura no arquivo original]. Em seguida, descreve a síntese de um derivado 2,5-diarilfurano assimétrico, o 2-(3-aminofenil)-5-(4-metoxifenil)furano 11, o qual apresenta propriedades químicas e luminescentes adequadas para atuar como uma nova e promissora sonda fluorescente em processos de marcação ou detecção biológica. A síntese desta nova sonda, também chamada de 3-AFA (3-AnililFuranoAnisol), foi realizada a partir da reação de acoplamento cruzado tipo Suzuki-Miyaura, sob catálise de paládio, entre o ácido (3-aminofenil) borônico 5e e o 2- (butiltelanil)-5-(4-metoxifenil)furano 10 em 65 % de rendimento. Esta nova sonda 3-AFA 11 foi conjugada com uma série de L-aminoácidos 12a-l, a partir de uma reação de acoplamento peptídico para formação dos respectivos produtos 13a-l em rendimentos satisfatórios. Estes produtos conjugados 13a-l, apresentam potencial para marcação fluorescente de enzimas proteolíticas de interesse [ver a figura no arquivo original]. Adicionalmente, foram caracterizadas propriedades fotofísicas importantes desta nova sonda 3-AFA 11, entre as quais seus espectros eletrônicos de absorção e emissão de fluorescência, que obtiveram valores de λex a 320 nm e λem a 400 nm, respectivamente. Por fim, foi testado o potencial de acúmulo intracelular da sonda 3-AFA 11 em sistemas celulares tais como: eritrócitos infectados com Plasmodium chabaudi e amastigotas de Leishmania L. amazonensis, sendo possível observar em todos os casos a marcação fluorescente dos respectivos parasitas.The use of fluorescent probes for labeling or detection of biomolecules of interest in different biological processes, has received much attention in biomedical, clinical testing and cell biology research. In general, these fluorescent probes are composed of small organic molecules, which have fluorescent features and ability to combine with these biomolecules. Thus, this work initially describes the synthesis of 2-aryl or 2,5-diarylfurans and thiophenes (3, 5, 7 and 9a-i) from organic species of tellurium (1, 4, 6 and 8) and potassium organotrifluoroborate salts (2a-i) by palladium catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura crosscoupling reaction [see the figure in the original file]. After describe the synthesis of a unsymmetrical 2,5-diarylfuran derivative, the 2-(3-aminophenyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)furan 11, which presents chemical and luminescent properties appropriate to act as a promising new fluorescent probes in processes of marking or biological detection. The synthesis of this new probe, also called 3-AFA (3-AnilylFuranAnisole), was performed from palladium catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction, between (3- aminophenyl) boronic acid 5e and 2-(butyltellanyl)-5-(4-metoxyphenyl)furan 10 in 65 % yields. This new probe 3-AFA 11 was combined with a series of Lamino acids 12a-l from a peptidic coupling reaction to obtain their products 13a-l in satisfactory yield. These combined products 13a-l show a potential for fluorescent marking of proteolitic enzymes [see the figure in the original file]. Additionally, important photo physical properties of this new probe 3-AFA 11 were characterized. These include their electronic spectra of absorption and fluorescence emission, who obtained values of λex to 320 nm and λem to 400 nm, respectively. Finally, we tested the potential of probe 3-AFA 11 for intracellular accumulation in cellular systems such as: erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium chabaudi and amastigotes of Leishmania L. amazonensis, in all cases the fluorescent uptake cellular of their parasites can be observed.
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Mohamadi, Khonaw. "Quantitative NMR spectroscopy on fluorine-containing drugs - a comparative study on pharmaceutical raw materials and different dosage forms." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Analytisk farmaceutisk kemi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-405955.
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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is a technique with several advantages, such as high rapidity and easy operation as no sample specific standard or sample derivatization is required. Proton NMR is the most common NMR experiment, since hydrogen is “NMR active” and present in most organic compounds. Because of this, there is a high risk of overlapping signals in 1H-NMR spectra in samples containing multiple components, e.g. pharmaceutical preparations. Since Fluorine (19F) is “NMR active”, but not as common in organic molecules as hydrogen, peak overlapping is unlikely. A quantitative 19F-NMR method was therefore developed in this study. Certain parameters (number of scans, relaxation delay, excitation frequency, pre-scan delay, spectral width & pulse angle) were examined during the method development, based on samples containing fludrocortisone acetate and 4,4´-difluorobenzophenone. For evaluation of the developed method, experiments were set up with different active pharmaceutical ingredients as well as pharmaceutical products. Good linearity and precision was obtained, and conclusions from the research experiments are that the developed method gives reliable purities compared to the reference method 1H-qNMR, and can therefore be used to achieve estimated assays on pharmaceutical raw materials. The method is also applicable on analysing registered pharmaceutical products as well as determining whether the strength of a suspected illegal drug is within the therapeutic range or not. Finally, the range of the method was determined to approximately 1-20 mg/mL, if examined on a 300 MHz NMR instrument.
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Swanepoel, Erna. "Relation between solid-state properties and pharmaceutical quality of generic drug raw materials available in South Africa / Erna Swanepoel." Thesis, North-West University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/365.
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Although improving the quality of drugs is a responsibility to be shared, the generic sector
of the pharmaceutical industry, as the source of the majority of essential drugs, must play a
critical role in improving drug quality. One sector often overlooked is raw material
manufacturers and suppliers. The quality of these materials is essential for the safety,
efficacy and quality of drug products. The aim of this study was to investigate the
pharmaceutical quality of generic raw materials available to manufacturers in South
Africa, as well as the influence that variations in the solid-state properties of these raw
materials have on the in vitro availability (dissolution) of these drugs.
In order to save time and cost it is very important to choose the most suitable form of the
crystalline drug substance in the initial stages of drug development. Differences in
physical properties of various solid forms have an important effect on the processing of
drug substances into drug products. Substantial inconsistent and questionable
pharmaceutical quality were found among 135 drugs available on the South African
market. In particular differences in crystal form, solubility and dissolution were seen.
Worldwide regulatory agencies and national and international pharmacopoeias are relying
on the dissolution test, not only for assessment of drug products, but for relevance to in
vivo performance. There is still much to be done to establish dissolution testing as a
harmonized regulatory quality control procedure, although the ICH initiative has moved
significantly towards resolution of regulatory harmonization. Dissolution problems
experienced in this study with specific generic raw materials and drug products, namely
piroxicarn, oxytetracycline and mebendazole, showed that harmonization is urgently
needed. Harmonization of dissolution should however not be done in isolation from other
regulatory requirements, because it was found that accelerated stability testing at 40°C +
75% relative humidity for three months leads to physicochemical changes in
oxytetracycline capsules and that the BP dissolution method was not able to measure the
effect of these changes on the dissolution properties of the capsules.
This study shows that professional judgement must he exercised in the purchase of generic
drug raw materials by manufacturers. Existing techniques such as X-ray analysis, melting
point measurements and especially dissolution testing can be used by manufacturers to
monitor and detect variations in product quality due to changes in the solid-state properties
of drugs.Thesis (Ph.D. (Pharmaceutics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.
Books on the topic "Pharmaceutical raw material"
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Raw Materials Research and Development Council (Nigeria). Multi-Disciplinary Task Force on Raw Materials for Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industries. Report of the Multi-Disciplinary Task Force on Raw Materials for Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industries. Lagos: The Council, 1989.
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Manufacture of Pharmaceutical Raw Materials (Active Ingredients and Excipients). Interpharm Pr, 1994.
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Hashim, Ibrahim Mahmoud, ed. Microbiological Examination of Non-Sterile Pharmaceutical Products and Raw Materials. OMICS International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/978-1-63278-043-0-044.
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Lehmann, Klaus, Herman P. Osterwald, and Gerhart Rothgang. Coated Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Fundamentals, Manufacturing Techniques, Biopharmaceutical Aspects, Test Methods and Raw Materials. CRC Press, 1998.
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H, Bauer Kurt, ed. Coated pharmaceutical dosage forms: Fundamentals, manufacturing techniques, biopharmaceutical aspects, test methods, and raw materials. Stuttgart: Medpharm Scientific Publishers, 1998.
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Technical publication: On the application of research findings in the development of pharmaceutical industries on the basis of indigenous raw materials. [Addis Ababa]: United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, 1989.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Pharmaceutical raw material"
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Bouwman, Roel, and Richard Bateman. "Raw Materials." In Practical Pharmaceutics, 463–500. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15814-3_23.
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Altria, Kevin D. "Pharmaceutical Raw Materials and Excipients Analysis." In Analysis of Pharmaceuticals by Capillary Electrophoresis, 133–52. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-85011-9_7.
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Morris, Peter C., Peter Welters, and Bernward Garthoff. "Plants as Bioreactors: Production and Use of Plant-Derived Secondary Metabolites, Enzymes, and Pharmaceutical Proteins." In Renewable Raw Materials, 7–32. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527634194.ch2.
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Thomas, M. R. "The Suitability and Regulation of Raw Materials for the Cosmetics Industry." In Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Applications of Polymers, 9–14. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3858-5_2.
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Hayes, Maria. "Chitin, Chitosan and their Derivatives from Marine Rest Raw Materials: Potential Food and Pharmaceutical Applications." In Marine Bioactive Compounds, 115–28. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1247-2_4.
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"RAW MATERIAL SUPPLIERS: (Represented in this book)." In Over the Counter Pharmaceutical Formulations, 438–59. Elsevier, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-8155-1347-6.50028-5.
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Ciolacu, Diana E., and Dana M. Suflet. "Cellulose-Based Hydrogels for Medical/Pharmaceutical Applications." In Biomass as Renewable Raw Material to Obtain Bioproducts of High-Tech Value, 401–39. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-63774-1.00011-9.
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Blaikie, Calum. "Absence, Abundance, and Excess." In Locating the Medical, 169–99. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199486717.003.0008.
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This chapter examines the ways in which changing patterns of materia medica circulation have shaped Sowa Rigpa (Tibetan medicine) pharmacy, practice and social organization in Ladakh since the 1960s. It argues that rapid growth in the availability of formerly limited raw materials was key to the emergence of larger scales of drug production and to the proliferation, complexification and commodification of medicines. These phenomena, in turn, allowed for the emergence of professionalized forms of medical practice, the enfranchisement of certain groups, ideas and practices, and the marginalisation of others. By charting the shifting material, social, economic and pharmaceutical dimensions of Ladakhi Sowa Rigpa in relation to one another, the chapter questions the constitution and boundaries of ‘the medical realm’.
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Ciftci, Hakan. "An Introduction to Montmorillonite Purification." In Montmorillonite [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98188.
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Purification of montmorillonite is a process to remove non clay minerals (gangue) such as calcite, feldspar, quartz, opal (C-T), and mica from montmorillonite ore. This is performed to make montmorillonite suitable for use in sensitive applications such as pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, and advanced materials for nanotechnology. Gangue minerals in raw montmorillonite ores can cause serious health problems when used in pharmaceutics, cosmetic, and food industries and reduce material quality in advanced materials production. Montmorillonite purification can be divided into two main classes as physical and chemical purification. Physical purification processes are based on particle size difference between the gangue and montmorillonite minerals. Purification processes based on gravity separation are ineffective since the specific weights of gangue and montmorillonite minerals are very close to each other. Physical purification process includes sedimentation, centrifugal separation, aero separation, and sieving techniques. Chemical purification of montmorillonite is based on dissolution and so extraction of carbonates, metal hydroxides, organic materials, and silica, respectively, using different leaching techniques.
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Okoth Omondi, John, and Uri Yermiyahu. "Improvement in Cassava Yield per Area by Fertilizer Application." In Cassava - Biology, Production, and Use. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97366.
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Cassava is a source of carbohydrates to more than 200 million people in Sub-Saharan Africa, even though its production is 6–8 t ha−1, which is below the highest world production of 36.4 t ha−1 in India. To address this yield gap and increase cassava’s availability, affordability, and adequacy, intensive but sustainable production is important. Additionally, being an emerging raw material in the animal feeds, pharmaceutical, beer industries etc., only increases its demand, however the current production levels cannot effectively sustain this. Therefore, this paper reviews: improvement in cassava yields per area under fertigation and banding of fertilizers, a common practice among many farmers; the advantage of fertilizer application on starch of the storage roots, which is the fundamental ingredient in most industries using cassava as a raw material; and the climate smart technologies for intensive sustainable cassava production. In the end, this review enhances knowledge about fertilizer application to cassava, both banding and fertigation, and expounds on effective intensive sustainable climate-smart production strategies.
Conference papers on the topic "Pharmaceutical raw material"
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Zhigalina, Anna, Ol’ga Strelova, Alexsandr Grebenuk, and Elizaveta Cekhanskaya. "The development of a certified reference material for Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance based on genistein." In RAD Conference. RAD Centre, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21175/rad.abstr.book.2021.24.4.
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Askew, Michael J., Gary B. Schneider, Kristina J. Grecco, Jason Hsu, Emily Mugler, and Donald A. Noe. "Effect of Pharmaceutical Bone Growth Stimulation With Novel Anabolic Peptides: Biomechanical and Bone Density Measurements in a Rat Model." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43044.
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Pharmaceutical bone growth stimulation holds promise for prevention and treatment bone disorders, and the enhancement of fracture healing. Bone growth hormones have begun to have limited clinical use, but can illicit adverse side effects. Recent studies have shown that short peptides (less than 15 amino acids) derived from the protein sequence of Vitamin D Binding Protein (DBP), can enhance bone formation (osteogenesis). These peptides may have potential as controllable bone growth stimulators without the adverse side effects and cost of bone growth hormones. Rats, injected every other day for two weeks with DBP-based peptide fragments ranging from 3 to 13 amino acids in length, were euthanized and the tibias and femurs were scanned by peripheral quantitative computerized tomography (pQCT) to determine bone density and cross-sectional geometric properties. The bones were then tested in three-point bending to determine strength and bending modulus. Injection of DBP-based peptides over only a 2-week period resulted in significant (p<0.05) increases in bone density and material properties in the experimental rat bones in comparison to controls injected with saline. The short length of these effective peptides suggests their use not only in systemic injections but also as clinically convenient pills taken orally for pharmaceutically induced bone growth stimulation.
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Álvaro Alonso, EA, P. Tejedor Prado, E. Izquierdo Garcia, A. Such Diaz, A. Lazaro Cebas, S. Esteban Casado, I. Cañamares Orbis, C. Esteban Alba, A. Santiago Perez, and I. Escobar Rodriguez. "3PC-040 Health hazards of raw materials used in the compounding of pharmaceuticals formulations." In 24th EAHP Congress, 27th–29th March 2019, Barcelona, Spain. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2019-eahpconf.121.
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Rashid, Qabas Naji. "Indirect spectrophotometric procedures for estimation of paracetamol in raw form and in its pharmaceutical preparations." In 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATERIALS ENGINEERING & SCIENCE (IConMEAS 2019). AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0000318.
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Máthé, Rita, Tibor Casian, and Ioan Tomuță. "Multivariate modelling for investigating the impact of raw materials and process variability on high drug load immediate release tablets obtained through wet granulation." In II. Symposium of Young Researchers on Pharmaceutical Technology,Biotechnology and Regulatory Science. Szeged: Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/syrptbrs.2020.op27.
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Opris, Mircea Constantin, and Dana Corina Deselnicu. "Start-up investment for a sheep wool processing line." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.v.8.
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Sheep wool has been a resource we had access to for a very long time and it is widely used on large scale. It has remarkable properties of which people can take benefit from in many ways. After processing the sheep wool by using special machinery, it provides various applications in different industries such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, textiles, and fabrics. The main objective of this research is the analysis of a sheep wool processing line and the estimated start-up investment for this type of business in Romania. In this paper, the wool processing line was depicted, the necessary equipment was analyzed, and the total cost of investment was calculated, in order to conclude on the feasibility of the investment. The results of this research paper are taking into consideration the full value of the sheep wool and the profit that can be generated by processing it, as well as providing relevant data regarding time and costs of starting a business in Romania, analyzing the sustainability and profitability of the raw material that can be found in Romania. Sheep wool is a high potency raw material for multiple industries, and it can provide a big margin for obtaining profit by processing it.
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Shurupova, М. N., V. S. Shurupov, and R. S. Romanets. "To the resource study of the Rosaceae plants with antiviral activity in Southern Siberia." In Problems of studying the vegetation cover of Siberia. TSU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-927-3-2020-48.
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The survey is directed at revealing of the natural reserves of 9 species of Rosaceae family in the Southern Siberia: Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb., Alchemilla vulgaris L. s.l., Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim., F. vulgaris Moench., F. stepposa Juz., and Pentaphylloides fruticosa (L.) O. Schwarz. Raw materials of these species are considered as a strategically important source of biologically active substances with antiviral activity being perspective for pharmaceutic branch. For habitats from some regions of Southern Siberia, the resource indicators of these species are given, such as the coefficient of shrinkage, productivity, area of thickets and biological reserves.
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A., Manjunath, Ashwini A., Mahalesh Devandrappa, Balaji Biradar, Mohanraj Pattar, and B. R. Kerur. "Qualitative analysis of pharmaceutical drugs by x-ray transmission method: A non-destructive technique." In PROF. DINESH VARSHNEY MEMORIAL NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS: NCPCM 2018. Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5098668.
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Win, Shwe Sin, Swati Hegde, and Thomas A. Trabold. "Techno-Economic Assessment of Different Pathways for Utilizing Glycerol Derived From Waste Cooking Oil-Based Biodiesel." In ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2015-49563.
Full textAbstract:
Crude (i.e., unrefined) glycerol is the major by-product of biodiesel production, based on the homogeneous alkaline catalytic transesterification reaction. Currently, global biodiesel production capacity has been rising rapidly due to the overall growth of renewable energy demand. The amount of glycerol is increasing in parallel, and there is presently little market value for crude glycerol. In addition, disposing of this material via conventional methods becomes one of the major environmental issues and a burden for biodiesel manufacturers. Thus, utilization of purified glycerol in value-added applications such as food processing, cosmetics, soap and pharmaceuticals is critical to achieve economic scale of biodiesel production. In this paper, various pathways available to community-based biodiesel producers have been modeled to inform the decision-making process. A case study at Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) was selected to evaluate the proposed system. Different pathways of utilizing crude glycerol were investigated, and economic feasibility of each pathway was analyzed. Purification of crude glycerol from waste cooking oil-based-biodiesel production was performed at small bench scale. Various recipes with different raw materials and purified glycerol as an ingredient were created for different kinds of saponification processes and applications. The resulting data from this preliminary assessment showed that producing biodiesel and high-quality soap is the most profitable option for RIT.
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Drake, Joshua B., and Theodore J. Heindel. "Repeatability of Gas Holdup in a Fluidized Bed Using X-Ray Computed Tomography." In ASME 2009 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2009-78041.
Full textAbstract:
Characterizing the hydrodynamics in fluidized beds is important to many processes from producing biofuels to coating pharmaceuticals. X-ray computed tomography (CT) can quantify local time-averaged phase fractions in multiphase systems that are highly dynamic, like fluidized beds. This paper describes the calibration methods used to produced CT images of a 15.24 cm diameter fluidized bed, how in-house software used these CTs to calculate gas holdup, and how well multiple CTs of a dynamic fluidized bed produced repeatable results while varying bed material and superficial gas velocities. It was concluded there is a very high degree of repeatability using the calibration methods and in-house software developed.
Reports on the topic "Pharmaceutical raw material"
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Ruiz de Gauna, Itziar, Anil Markandya, Laura Onofri, Francisco (Patxi) Greño, Javier Warman, Norma Arce, Alejandra Navarrete, et al. Economic Valuation of the Ecosystem Services of the Mesoamerican Reef, and the Allocation and Distribution of these Values. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003289.
Full textAbstract:
Coral reefs are one of the most diverse and valuable ecosystems on Earth. The Mesoamerican Reef contains the largest barrier reef in the Western Hemisphere. However, its health is threatened, so there is a need for a management and sustainable conservation. Key to this is knowing the economic value of the ecosystem. “Mainstreaming the value of natural capital into policy decision-making is vital” The value of environmental and natural resources reflects what society is willing to pay for a good or service or to conserve natural resources. Conventional economic approaches tended to view value only in terms of the willingness to pay for raw materials and physical products generated for human production and consumption (e.g. fish, mining materials, pharmaceutical products, etc.). As recognition of the potential negative impacts of human activity on the environment became more widespread, economists began to understand that people might also be willing to pay for other reasons beyond the own current use of the service (e.g. to protect coral reefs from degradation or to know that coral reefs will remain intact in the future). As a result of this debate, Total Economic Value (TEV) became the most widely used and commonly accepted framework for classifying economic benefits of ecosystems and for trying to integrate them into decision-making. This report estimates the economic value of the following goods and services provided by the MAR's coral reefs: Tourism & Recreation, Fisheries, Shoreline protection. To our knowledge, the inclusion of non-use values in the economic valuation of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System is novel, which makes the study more comprehensive.