Journal articles: 'Pharmaceutical raw material'

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Singh, Shefali, and Harvinder Popli. "Indian Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) Industry- An overview on Challenges, Opportunities & Regulatory prerequisites." International Journal of Drug Regulatory Affairs 9, no. 2 (June 17, 2021): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ijdra.v9i2.471.

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Active pharmaceutical ingredient is a chemical compound which is most important raw material to formulate a finished pharmaceutical medicine and has a pharmacological effect. India has a long history of being heavily dependent for these raw materials on China due to one major reason i.e. Low manufacturing cost. But overdependence of APIs imports from China brought various liabilities to India including supply chain disruption and price hikes during pandemic, leading to shortage of various important APIs/KSMs. This COVID 19 widespread has solidly put the center of our country on being “Atma Nirbhar”. And this activity had brought out the strengths, market patterns and opportunities in five divisions counting Healthcare, which are basic from country’s point of view. In view of changing geo-political situation and recalibrated trade arrangement, it is crucial that India become self-reliant within the generation of APIs and KSMs, which is why decreasing the Import reliance for Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) & Key starting materials (KSMs) particularly from china has been focused upon with the assistance of productive linked incentive scheme (PLIS) passed by Department of pharmaceuticals, Government of India to thrive Indian API industry. Hence, this review highlights the current state of Indian API industry, evaluates challenges, opportunities give suggestions for moving forward for self-sufficiency of APIs as well as centers on current regulatory prerequisites for Active pharmaceutical Ingredients.

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Luo, Maoyi, Ji Hu, Shan Xing, Yang Wu, Daqian Liu, and Xiongxin Dai. "Determination of major radionuclidic impurities in K99TcO4 pharmaceutical raw material." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 330, no. 1 (September 18, 2021): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-021-07902-w.

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Nikiforov, L. N., S. V. Krivoshchekov, N. E. Kolomiets, T. V. Kadyrova, N. V. Isaikina, N. Y. Abramets, E. A. Bezverkhniaia, and M. V. Belousov. "Development of Parameters for Standardization of Duckweed (Lemna Minor L.) Raw Material." Drug development & registration 10, no. 1 (February 25, 2021): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33380/2305-2066-2021-10-1-74-81.

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Introduction. Lemna minor L. (duckweed) refers to the duckweed subfamily (Lemnaceae S. F. Gray) and widely distributed in ponds of Russia. Literature data confirm the possibility of harvesting significant volumes of this raw material in natural habitat and grown in aquaculture. The process of biosynthetic accumulation in duckweed fronds provides a variety of compounds with a wide spectrum of biological activity. Therefore, the use of raw materials Lemna minor L. is promising for the development of drugs and parapharmaceutical products. Thus, it is an urgent task to quantify active components of duckweed and standardize (determination of criteria for identification, quality and safety) plant material.Aim. Establish macro- and microscopic characteristics of raw materials and develop methods for the quantitative determination of the main groups of biologically active substances (BAS) for standardization of raw duckweed.Materials and methods. Samples of duckweed was collected in natural habitats of Western Siberia. Macro- and microscopic assay, HPLC, UV-spectrometry were used in research process.Results and discussion. Were established the criteria for identification of duckweed fronds by studying external (macroscopic) and microscopic features of raw material Lemna minor L. Was developed and validated the procedure of the quantitative determination of phenolcarboxylic acids in raw material Lemna minor L.Conclusion. The study of external (macroscopic) and microscopic features provided the criteria for identification of the raw material Lemna minor L. The technique for the quantitative analysis of polysaccharides using gravimetry does not need validation, because is a direct method of substance measurement. Was validated quantification method of phenolcarboxylic acids (in terms of chlorogenic acid) by criteria of linearity, repeatability, in-laboratory precision and accuracy. Was established quality criteria for identification and quantitative assay, which can be used in the draft for normative documents for medicinal plant raw material of Lemna minor L. «Duckweed fronds».

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Yu, Jiaqi, Bing Xu, Kunfeng Zhang, Chenfeng Shi, Zhiqiang Zhang, Jing Fu, and Yanjiang Qiao. "Using a Material Library to Understand the Impacts of Raw Material Properties on Ribbon Quality in Roll Compaction." Pharmaceutics 11, no. 12 (December 7, 2019): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11120662.

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The purpose of this study is to use a material library to investigate the effect of raw material properties on ribbon tensile strength (TS) and solid fraction (SF) in the roll compaction (RC) process. A total of 81 pharmaceutical materials, including 53 excipients and 28 natural product powders (NPPs), were characterized by 22 material descriptors and were compacted under five different hydraulic pressures. The transversal and longitudinal splitting behaviors of the ribbons were summarized. The TS-porosity and TS-pressure relationships were used to explain the roll compaction behavior of powdered materials. Through defining the target ribbon quality (i.e., 0.6 ≤ SF ≤ 0.8 and TS ≥ 1 MPa), the roll compaction behavior classification system (RCBCS) was built and 81 materials were classified into three categories. A total of 24 excipients and five NPPs were classified as Category I materials, which fulfilled the target ribbon quality and had less occurrence of transversal splitting. Moreover, the multivariate relationships between raw material descriptors, the hydraulic pressure and ribbon quality attributes were obtained by PLS regression. Four density-related material descriptors and the cohesion index were identified as critical material attributes (CMAs). The multi-objective design space summarizing the feasible material properties and operational region for the RC process were visualized. The RCBCS presented in this paper enables a formulator to perform the initial risk assessment of any new materials, and the data modeling method helps to predict the impact of formulation ingredients on strength and porosity of compacts.

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Lyublinskiy, S. L., I. N. Lyublinskaya, V. P. Galochkina, E. M. Koloskova, V. N. Karkischenko, M. S. Nesterov, I. A. Berzin, R. A. Ageldinov, and R. S. Churyukin. "Improving the Technology of Extraction, Preparation and Conservation of Musk Deer Extract for the Standardization and Production of Pharmaceutical Substances." Journal Biomed 16, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33647/2074-5982-16-1-28-41.

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The development of new methods for the conservation of biological raw materials, which can be used in the production of active pharmaceutical substances, is increasingly attracting research attention. This article presents the results of comparative studies into the effectiveness of biological conservation using cryopreservation, electron beam treatment and the lactoperoxidase system. Electron beam technologies demonstrated a pronounced antimicrobial effect in the treatment of musk deer extract and other biologically active substances. A recommendation was formulated to treat musk extract with electron-beam radiation at an absorbed dose of 6 kGy (9.5 MeV) following cryopreservation at –25°C over the period of 1 year. The data obtained using the method of accelerated testing allows an extended shelf life of up to 48 months to be predicted.For the ﬁrst time, the main indicators of the quality and safety of musk deer extract as a potential raw material for the production of active pharmaceutical substances and medicinal animal raw materials were determined. A standard for the quality of musk deer extract as a raw material, as well as an experimental-industrial regulation for its preparation and preservation, were developed.

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Rafael, Bence, Nóra Kuruczleki, and József Gál. "The way of the pharmaceutical ingredients to the finished pharmaceutical form." Analecta Technica Szegedinensia 12, no. 2 (December 5, 2018): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2018.2.24-31.

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The modern pharmaceutical industry is a strictly controlled area. Both national and international rules apply, but none of these deals with logistical issues arising from the manufacture of the product. Following the path of a drug, it is possible to get acquainted with the problems that arise and their solution. The drug is much more than a common product. The drug is a product of confidence, which is provided with information. It defines its quality as well, to comply with the relevant directives and standards in the manufacture of, and that the enclosed information is sent to the user. This requires the manufacturer, the distributor and the user to comply with it. There is no production without material handling, but GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) does not yet have a chapter on logistics. References to handling raw materials and finished products can be found in the corresponding GMP chapters, the responsibility of the correct execution are borne by the manufacturer. In this case, the effect of the common sense prevails exponentially, keep the medicine in mind and it has to be done, that no loss, no quality deterioration is not caused by the transport, handling of such loads, storage. It is typical that the raw material and the finished product are going through the entire site during the pharmaceutical manufacture. Starting from the warehouse, it runs through the manufacturing facilities, on the packaging, and some units go to the lab, so that eventually, in medicine form returns to the warehouse, from where it goes further in the supply chain through the pharmacies to the patients. In our study we examine the logistics activity and problems of a small pharmaceutical company and tasks to be solved presented in the light of the theory.

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Pratiwi, Firda, and Sawarni Hasibuan. "Perencanaan persediaan bahan baku amoxicillin menggunakan metode material requirement planning: studi kasus." Operations Excellence: Journal of Applied Industrial Engineering 12, no. 3 (November 11, 2020): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/oe.2020.v12.i3.007.

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PT. XYZ is a pharmaceutical company that produces Amoxicillin. In managing its inventory, PT XYZ has not done a good plan to determine the size of raw material orders. The existence of these problems, a study was conducted with the aim of determining Amoxicillin raw material inventory planning to eliminate the accumulation of raw materials at future. The initial stage is forecasting using three methods, namely Linear Regression, Exponential Smoothing and Moving Average. Of the three forecasting methods, the Linear Regression method provides the smallest error accuracy. The chosen method of forecasting must be carried out in advance of verification test (Moving Range) to be used as a basis for planning future raw material requirements. Furthermore, calculations are carried out using the MRP method to determine the size of the order lot for each raw material and reduce the cost of saving. The lot size technique used includes Lot for Lot (LFL), Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), and Fixed Period Requirement (FPR). Of the three lot size techniques used, the LFL method provides the lowest total cost of inventory.

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Firdaus, Firdaus, Roos Kities Andadari, Hari Murti Mahatma Putra, and Sri Sulandjari. "Supply Chain Management on Inventory Indonesian Drug Industry." Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research 1, no. 2 (January 4, 2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jamr.1.2.63-72.

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The development of the human population in the world, especially Indonesia, to date is approximately 260 million people, making Indonesia in a big challenge where Indonesia must be able to meet the domestic drug supplies needed by the community. The availability of drugs is still an obstacle in the National Health Insurance in Indonesia, this requires the role of the pharmaceutical industry in supporting drug availability by implementing good supply chain management. The focus of this discussion is to look at drug supplies in Indonesia in meeting people's needs and identify factors for production planning, production capacity and raw material procurement for the pharmaceutical industry in supporting the availability of drugs to support the National Health Insurance. This research is a descriptive study by collecting information from various literatures on pharmacy and medicines in Indonesia with a focus on the discussion of production planning, production capacity and raw material procurement and delivery to pharmaceutical companies in supporting drug availability. Because the planning for drug needs used as a basis for drug procurement is inaccurate so that pharmaceutical companies cannot make accurate production plans and the quantity of drugs for the community is inaccurate, time and unavailable at any time, the need for and procurement of materials still depends on imported raw materials from abroad around 95% with a lead time of 1-3 months so that it has the potential to deplete drug supplies and make the National Health Insurance in Indonesia worse.

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Matyushin, A. A., О. V. Nesterova, O. A. Malanova, and V. A. Popkov. "The prospects for pharmaceutical use of herbal raw material containing alkylamides." Journal of scientific articles "Health and Education millennium" 19, no. 1 (January 31, 2017): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26787/nydha-2226-7425-2017-19-1-123-128.

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10

Benedetti, Antonio, Jiyi Khoo, Sandeep Sharma, Pierantonio Facco, Massimiliano Barolo, and Simeone Zomer. "Data analytics on raw material properties to accelerate pharmaceutical drug development." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 563 (May 2019): 122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.002.

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11

Kriukova, І., S. Gubar, I. Vladymyrova, and T. Tishakova. "STUDY OF AMINOACID COMPOSITION OF THE HARICOT BEAN SHELLS." BULLETIN 5, no. 387 (October 15, 2020): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1467.142.

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Commonly, the production of herbal medicines is more advantageous economically than chemical synthesis. Agricultural crops, having sufficient raw material base, are of main interest. In this respect the shells of haricot bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fabaceae)), that are waste products of beans, are of special interest. Due to the absence of regulatory documents for this kind of drug raw material in Ukraine the development of standardization parameters for the raw material of haricot bean is a very topical. Pharmacotherapeutic action of this drug raw material is caused by the presence of amino acids, proteins, macro- and microelements as well as flavonoids. There are medicines at the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine that was produced from the haricot bean: «Sadifit» (ZAO «Liktravy», Ukraine), «Arphazetin» (ZAO Pharmaceutical plant «Viola», Ukraine), «Hepatophyt» (LLC «Research and production pharmaceutical company «AIM», Ukraine), «Shells of haricot bean» (ZAO «Liktravy», Ukraine). Medicines are introduced to the market in the form of medicinal herbs mixture that's why main method of application is a preparation of restorative drinks, tinctures, teas. In light of this, study of amino acid composition in the water extracts from raw material is reasonable. Research of qualitative and quantitative amino acid composition of 5 lots of the shells of haricot bean was carried out by HPLC method. This raw material was harvested in different regions of Ukraine over a period of 2014 – 2016. 16 amino acids were identified in the water extracts of the shells of haricot bean. Glutamic acid (1.60 – 5.56 ´µg/100 mg), L-alanine (1.41 – 2.23 µg/100 mg), L-arginine (0.65 – 2.12 µg/100 mg) had the greatest content in the investigated samples. D-serine (0.04 – 0.13µg/100 mg) and D,L-methionine (0.02 – 0.43 µg/100 mg) had the lowest quantity in the investigated samples. Sufficiently high content of amino acids makes it possible to consider them as potential substances-markers at the development of assay procedure for the standardization of raw material.

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Debaje, Priyanka D., Gurmeet S. Chhabra, and Nayan Gujarathi. "Regulatory Aspects of Cleaning and Cleaning Validation in Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 6, no. 3 (July 10, 2018): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v6i3.371.

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Pharmaceutical product and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can be contaminated by other pharmaceutical products or APIs, by cleaning agents, by microorganisms or by other materials e.g. air borne particles, dust, lubricants, raw materials, intermediates, etc. In the manufacturing of the pharmaceutical products, it is a must to reproduce consistently the desired quality of product. Residual material from the previous batch of the same product or from different product may be carried to the next batch of the product, which in turn may alter the quality of the subjected product. An effective cleaning shall be in place to provide documented evidence that the cleaning method employed within a facility consistently controls potential carryover of product including intermediates and impurities, cleaning agents and extraneous material into subsequent product to a level which is below predetermined level The purpose of this review is to provide information about importance of cleaning validation of API in pharmaceutical industry and this information is in accordance with the regulatory guidelines

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Nauli, Sukarno Bahat. "Analisa Perancangan Sistem Persediaan Bahan Baku Pada Perusahaan Farmasi." Jurnal Ilmiah FIFO 11, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/fifo.2019.v11i2.009.

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The development of technology in the field of information encourages each agency or company to keep abreast of its development, especially with regard to the development of information technology that has to do with the activities of the company. Pharmaceutical companies which produce drugs to provide goods for pharmacies and hospitals are very important to record the availability of drugs that are still feasible and drugs that have expired. So that the drug supply can be maintained and can be distributed with the needs of the drug properly. This study aims to design a Raw Material Inventory Information System in Pharmaceutical Companies to solve problems that occur in the current system. Raw Material Inventory System Design in Pharmaceutical Companies using Data Base Design and System Interface Design.

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Borra Vamsi, Hemanth Kumar S, Patel P R, and Gowrav M P. "Vendor Qualification and Evaluation in Pharmaceutical Industry." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 2 (April 18, 2020): 1987–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i2.2129.

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To deliver a high quality and safe medicines, it is a must to certify the vendor according to the GMP requirement. This qualification is done to prevent the adverse events, prevent the recalls or serious illness or death due to the low standard quality of manufactured medicines. Vendor qualification is the process by which a vendor is assessed to determine, if it can provide the required goods or services to the standards that the purchasing company requires. This article explains about the detailed procedure for qualifying raw material vendors, packaging vendors and service providers. This also explains the vendor assessment and the reassessment. Vendor re-assessment must be carried out at least once a year for each packaging material and the raw material. The manufactured part number is used for tracking. Supply Chain Management team (SCM) should request the QA department to generate Manufacturing Part Number. Explained about the vendor rating. The vendor must be disqualified if the batch will not adhere to specification of critical tests. For further evaluation and investigation, vendor must be once again qualified. Vendor must be informed regarding the removal and the reasons must be explained clearly. Vendor Relationship Management (SRM), is systematic planning and managing of all interactions with suppliers to maximize its value.

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Et.al, Dr Pankaj Talreja. "Assessing Impact of Liberalization on Financial Performance Sustainability of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry using Structure Conduct Performance Model." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (April 10, 2021): 3085–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.1530.

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The Indian Pharmaceutical Industry is ranked third largest by volume and fourteenth by value. It thus accounts for 10% of world’s production by volume and 1.5% by value according to Department of Pharmaceuticals, Government of India. Recognizing the immense potential for growth of Indian pharmaceutical industry and its direct impact on Indian economy the present paper tries to analyze the market structure of the Indian pharmaceutical firms and assess how the sustainable profitability of firms is affected using structure conduct performance model. The study founds out the sustainable profitability is statistically related to firm size, export and import, raw material expenses, power use and wage intensity but there seems to be insignificant effect of market share and mergers and acquisition on firm’s performance in terms of sustainable profitability.

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Derawi, Darfizzi, Bashar Mudhaffar Abdullah, Hasniza Zaman Huri, Rahimi M. Yusop, Jumat Salimon, Nany Hairunisa, and Nadia Salih. "Palm Olein as Renewable Raw Materials for Industrial and Pharmaceutical Products Applications: Chemical Characterization and Physicochemical Properties Studies." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/134063.

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Palm olein (POo) is widely produced as edible oil in tropical countries. POois considered as renewable raw material for the new industrial and pharmaceutical products synthesis based on its characterization. Palm olein was good on its viscosity index, oxidative stability, and flash and fire point. POocontained unsaturated triacylglycerols (TAGs): POO (33.3%); POP (29.6%) which plays an important role in chemical modification process to produce new industrial products. The double bond was detected on1H-NMR (5.3 ppm) and13C-NMR (130 ppm) spectra. The chemical compositions of POowere tested by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) techniques. This unsaturated oil is potentially to be used as renewable raw materials in chemical modification process to synthesise polyols, polyurethane, and biolubricant for industrial and pharmaceutical products application.

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Stauffer, F., V. Vanhoorne, G. Pilcer, Pierre-François Chavez, M. A. Schubert, C. Vervaet, and T. De Beer. "Managing active pharmaceutical ingredient raw material variability during twin-screw blend feeding." European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 135 (February 2019): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.12.012.

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Novaković, J., D. Agbaba, and D. Živanov Stakić. "Fluorodensitometric determination of conjugated estrogens in raw material and in pharmaceutical preparations." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 7, no. 12 (January 1989): 1657–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0731-7085(89)80179-7.

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da Silva, Vitor H., Francisco S. Vieira, Jarbas J. R. Rohwedder, Celio Pasquini, and Claudete F. Pereira. "Multivariate quantification of mebendazole polymorphs by terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THZ-TDS)." Analyst 142, no. 9 (2017): 1519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6an02540d.

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Salnikova, N. A., Yu V. Shur, and A. A. Tsibizova. "Phytochemical Analysis of Elaeagnus argentea Leaves." Drug development & registration 10, no. 3 (August 28, 2021): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33380/2305-2066-2021-10-3-95-99.

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Introduction. Currently, close attention in the field of pharmacy and medicine is directed to the search for new sources of biologically active substances of various origins, including vegetable. The woody plant Elaeagnus argentea is considered as a promising source. Despite its widespread use in the food industry, folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory, restorative, antimicrobial agent, the chemical composition of this plant has not been sufficiently studied.Aim. Qualitative and quantitative determination of the main groups of biologically active substances (BAS) in the raw material (leaves) of Elaeagnus argentea growing on the territory of the Astrakhan region for further development of a methodology for standardizing the raw material of this plant.Materials and methods. The leaves of Elaeagnus argentea were harvested in the spring in the eastern part of the delta of the Astrakhan region (Volga region). Drying of raw materials was carried out in natural conditions. In the study, unified methods were used: to determine the amount of flavonoids and saponins, the spectrophotometric method was used, ascorbic acid - the titrimetric method. For the analysis of flavonoids in the leaves of Elaeagnus argentea, an aqueous-alcoholic solution of 70 % concentration was used as an extractant. The quantitative content of flavonoids was determined in the obtained raw material extract in terms of luteolin-7-glucoside. The amount of saponins in the leaves of Elaeagnus argentea was determined in terms of oleanolic acid. 96 % ethanol was used as an extractant. The quantitative determination of ascorbic acid in the aqueous extract of crushed raw materials was carried out by titrimetry based on the ability to reduce 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol.Results and discussion. In the pharmacognostic study of biologically active substances in the leaves of Elaeagnus argentea, the content of ascorbic acid was found to be at least 0.32 %, the amount of flavonoids in terms of luteolin-7-glucoside was at least 1.92 %; saponins - 2.38 %; which indicates the need for a more detailed study of the phytochemical composition of other morphological groups of the plant Elaeagnus argentea growing in the Astrakhan region.Conclusion. The data obtained during the study can be used to confirm the quality of raw materials (leaves) of Elaeagnus argentea. A more detailed study of leaves for the presence of other groups of biologically active substances will make it possible to use the obtained data for the development of regulatory documents for medicinal plant raw materials «Elaeagnus argentea leaves».

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César, Isabela da Costa, and Gerson Antônio Pianetti. "Quantitation of artemether in pharmaceutical raw material and injections by high performance liquid chromatography." Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 45, no. 4 (December 2009): 737–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502009000400018.

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The quantitation of artemether in both pharmaceutical raw material and injections was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet detection. A Zorbax C18 column (150 x 4.6 mm; 5 μm), at 30 °C, and a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and water (70:30), at a flow rate of 1ml/min, were used. The detection wavelength was 216 nm and the injection volume was 20 μL. The method proved to be linear (r²=0.9999), precise (RSD < 20% for intra-day and inter-day precision), accurate and selective regarding possible impurities and excipients of the samples. The detection and quantitation limits were 8 μg/mL and 25 μg/mL, respectively. The artemether content obtained in the raw material analysis was 99.26% and in the injections, 102.08%. The optimized and validated method may be successfully employed to perform routine quality control analyses.

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Школьникова, Марина, Marina Shkol’nikova, Игорь Бакин, Igor Bakin, Анна Мустафина, Anna Mustafina, Леонид Алексенко, and Leonid Aleksenko. "Extracting Vitabiotic Pharmaceutical Substances from Berry Raw Materials: Optimization of Processes." Food Processing: Techniques and Technology 48, no. 4 (February 13, 2019): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2018-4-121-130.

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The research features new processing methods of extraction of active antibacterial components from Siberian berries. The paper describes the content of biologically active agents and antibacterial dynamics in blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) and common sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) extracts. The study involved an analysis of the bactericidal biologically active agents in the extracts. The experiment revealed the main effect and synergism of the principal components, i.e. flavonoids, tannins, and vitamin C. It also established the leading role of the phenolic substances (flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, and glycosides) in the antibacterial influence on cultures of some kinds of pathogenic, potentially pathogenic, and unwanted microflora. The authors revealed some regularities of useful substances extraction in the conditions of ultrasonic processing. The optical density indicator of extracts during extraction helped to establish the optimum parameters of the process: mash ratio – 1:15; ultrasonic exposure frequency – 22 kHz. The experiment determined the mass fraction of extractive substances and active components, as well as the values of extraction coefficients of the berry raw material. Tannins and vitamin C were more extractable than flavonoids. The research also touched upon the impact of ultrasonic processing on the acceleration of extraction. When processing water-alcohol solutions of the raw material by ultrasonic irradiation with an intensity of 2 W/cm2 and a frequency of 22 kHz, the extraction duration fell from 300 to 15–20 minutes before the comparable values of balance concentrations of extractives were reached, in comparison with the control samples.

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Stauffer, F., V. Vanhoorne, G. Pilcer, Pierre-François Chavez, C. Vervaet, and T. De Beer. "Managing API raw material variability during continuous twin-screw wet granulation." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 561 (April 2019): 265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.03.012.

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Novaković, J., D. Agbaba, S. Vladimirov, and D. Živanov-Stakić. "Densitometric determination of conjugated oestrogens in the raw material and in pharmaceutical preparations." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 8, no. 3 (January 1990): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0731-7085(90)80034-m.

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Kurdyukov, Yevgeniy Yevgen'yevich, Yelena Fedorovna Semenova, Inessa Yakovlevna Moiseyeva, Natal'ya Aleksandrovna Gavrilova, and Tat'yana Andreyevna Ponomareva. "QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF THE AMOUNT OF CAROTENOIDS IN THE FRUITS OF CHINESE LYCIUM CHINENSE MILL." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 3 (October 22, 2020): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2020036609.

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The objects of the study were Mature dried fruits of Chinese birch (Lycium chinense Mill., this. Solanaceae (Solanaceae)). Four samples were examined: No. 1 (Gifts of Pamir, Russia), No. 2 (Gullin Tianhe Pharmaceutical, China), No. 3 (A. J. Alliance, Russia), No. 4 (Globaltorg, Russia). The purpose of this work is to determine the amount of carotenoids in the fruits of Chinese by spectrophotometry. The quantitative determination of the amount of carotenoids in the raw material of Chinese Dereza was carried out. Thin-layer chromatography was used to confirm the presence of carotenoids in the fruits of Dereza. The expediency of using the spectrophotometric method for the detection and quantitative determination of carotenoids in extracts from the fruits of Chinese birch is substantiated. The electron spectra of hexane, acetone and acetone-hexane solutions in the wavelength range 400–500 nm have a maximum optical density at 450±2 nm, characteristic of β-carotene. The optimal conditions of extraction of carotenoids from the raw materials of this plant (extractant – hexane; ratio "raw material–extractant" – 1 : 5; extraction time – 90 minutes; the degree of grinding of raw materials – 0.5 mm). It was determined that the error of a single determination of the content of carotenoids in the fruits of Chinese Dereza with a confidence probability of 95% is ±3,49%. It was revealed that the content of carotenoids in the raw material of Chinese Dereza varies in the range of 33–39 mg%.

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Reddy, Nareddy Preethi, Yenumula Padmavathi, Perika Mounika, and Akari Anjali. "FTIR spectroscopy for estimation of efavirenz in raw material and tablet dosage form." International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 4, no. 6 (May 11, 2015): 390–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v4i6.23290.

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A Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometric method was developed for rapid and direct measurement of efavirenz in pharmaceutical formulations. The method involves extraction of efavirenz from tablets with chloroform by sonication and the direct measurement of the absorbance in liquid phase using a reduced path length cell. In general, the spectrum was measured in transmission mode. The equipment was configured to collect a spectrum at 8 cm-1 resolution and 45 scans per sec .The spectra were collected between 4000 cm-1 and 450cm-1, the band obtained at 1750cm-1 (carbonyl group) showed intense, clear peak in the liquid phase for quantitation. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The method fulfilled most validation requirements in the linearity range 200-1000µg/mL. The coefficient of determination, limit of detection and quantification was found to be 0.993, 49.12?g/mL and 148.84?g/mL respectively. Results of developed FTIR method were compared with the results obtained with the existing UV method statistically by using t-test, which indicated that there is no significant difference between the methods at P=0.05. The proposed FTIR method reduces the solvent consumption and also eliminates the use of reagents. Thus the developed method offers a good alternative for the quantitative estimation of efavirenz in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms and also to quantify efavirenz when combined with other API in the same dosage form.International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, May 2015, 4(6): 390-395

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Stauffer, F., V. Vanhoorne, G. Pilcer, P.-F. Chavez, S. Rome, M. A. Schubert, L. Aerts, and T. De Beer. "Raw material variability of an active pharmaceutical ingredient and its relevance for processability in secondary continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing." European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 127 (June 2018): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.02.017.

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Salivon, A. G., K. V. Lystvan, S. V. Litvinov, S. A. Pchelovska, Yu V. Shylina, V. V. Zhuk, and L. V. Tonkal. "Evaluation of the influence of different doses of pre-sowing irradiation of seeds on the content of flavonoids in Hypericum perforatum L. medicinal raw material." Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 25 (August 30, 2019): 310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v25.1183.

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Aim. The purpose of this work was to determine the dose of g- and X-ray pre-sowing irradiation of seeds of Hypericum perforatum L., causing an increase in biomass and the accumulation of flavonoids in medicinal raw materials. Methods. X-ray and g-irradiation of seeds, biometric methods, flavonoids extraction, quantification of flavonoid content in extracts using spectrophotometry, qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis of extracts using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), common statistical methods for processing and analysis of data. Results. It was shown that acute X-ray pre-sowing irradiation of H. perforatum seeds at a dose of 20 Gy leads to an increase in the crop of medicinal raw material without losing its pharmaceutical value. Irradiation also increases concentration of quercetin, routine, hyperoside in herbal medicines, grown from seeds, that was chronically irradiated with g-radiation in a total dose of 1 Gy. The HPLC analysis of extracts confirmed that the qualitative composition of ethanol extracts of H. perforatum did not change due to the effect of irradiation on the seeds. Conclusions. The obtained results confirm the possibility of application of pre-sowing irradiation of seeds of H. perforatum in the range of 1–35 Gy in order to increase its productivity and increase the pharmaceutical value of the medicinal raw material. Keywords: Hypericum perforatum L., ionizing irradiation, productivity, flavonoids.

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Orlova, A. A., Jo Strugar, O. Yu Shtark, V. A. Zhukov, V. G. Luzhanin, and M. N. Povydysh. "Use of Metabolomic Approaches in Analysis of Medicinal Plants and Phytopreparations (Review)." Drug development & registration 10, no. 1 (February 25, 2021): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.33380/2305-2066-2021-10-1-97-105.

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Introduction. The purpose of the analytical review is to summarize the data of modern scientific literature on the directions and possibilities of using the approaches of metabolomics in the analysis of medicinal plants, plant raw materials and herbal drugs.Text. Analysis of literature data showed that metabolomic approaches have great potential in the field of quality control of multicomponent phytopreparations and biologically active additives, detection of falsifications of rare and expensive plant materials, chemosystematics of medicinal plants, study of the mechanisms of action and toxicity of medicinal plants, etc.Conclusion. Metabolic analysis can become an effective analytical platform both for phytochemical research of plant raw materials and for regular activities to control the quality of plant material and phytopreparations.

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Duta, Denisa E., David L. Comaniciu, Alina Culetu, Mioara Negoita, Valentin Ionescu, Harald Barzan, Valentin L. Ordodi, and Gabriela Barzan. "New Small Scale Equipment for Obtaining Dill and Cumin Essential Oils." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 2 (March 3, 2020): 324–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.2.7932.

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Essential oils of natural origin are excellent raw materials for the food industry as well as the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. In this study, a new equipment, designed at small scale, which facilitates the yield of essential oils from various plant sources via hydrodistillation using the classical Clevenger apparatus is presented. The working of this equipment consists in oils distillation from raw plant material with steam, recirculating the water and collecting the volatile oil yield. The proposed designed equipment ensures high yield while keeping energy consumption to a minimum using proper thermal insulation. The yielded product is within the quality parameters for natural products imposed by regulators.

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Brzyski, Przemysław, and Stanisław Fic. "The Application of Raw Materials Obtained from the Cultivation of Industrial Hemp in Various Industries." Economic and Regional Studies / Studia Ekonomiczne i Regionalne 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 100–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ers-2017-0008.

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Abstract Subject and purpose of work: The raw materials which are the purpose of the current hemp cultivation (<0.2% THC) are fibre, seeds and shives. This study describes the characteristics the raw materials obtained from the industrial hemp and described in detail the possibilities of their applications in pulp and paper, textile, pharmaceutical, construction and food industries. Analysis of the issues: Hemp straw consists of a porous ligneous core, which may be cut into smaller pieces, called hemp shives and of the fibre around the core. Hemp cellulose is used to produce paper pulp or plastics. In the construction sector, hemp fibre is used to produce, among other things, thermal insulation materials. Hemp shives is used as a filler for a composite based on lime binder, which is used as a wall material with good hygrothermal conditions confirmed by proprietary research. Hemp seeds are used for the production of cooking oil. Hempseed oil is also used in the pharmaceutical industry, e.g. to produce skin creams. Conclusions: Raw materials obtained from industrial hemp have a variety of applications. Currently, new directions in hemp application are being sought and tested, like for example hemp lime composite and bio-composites. The positive environmental impact resulting from the cultivation of hemp should be the main reason for simplifying the procedures for the commencement of its cultivation in many countries, e.g. in Poland.

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Kurkin, Vladimir, Olga Pravdivtseva, Ilnur Shaikhutdinov, Anastasiya Kretova, and Nadezhda Volkova. "Development of the quantitative test methods to determine the number of flavonoids in flowering shoots of semi-soft hawthorn." Medsestra (Nurse), no. 8 (August 18, 2020): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-05-2008-02.

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Flowers, fruits and shoots of various genus Hawthorn (Crataegus L.) species are used in domestic and foreign medical practice as cardiotonic agents. It is also possible to use hawthorn raw material for the prevention of cardiovascular system diseases among medical and pharmaceutical personnel. We consider semi-soft hawthorn Crataegus submollis Sarg. to be a prospective raw material species as its flowering shoots are chemically similar to the red-haw hawthorn flowers. We developed the quantitative test method to determine the number of flavonoids expressed as hyperoside in flowering shoots of semi-soft hawthorn using differential spectrophotometry with an analytical wavelength of 412 nm.

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Torrado-Salmerón, Carlos, Víctor Guarnizo-Herrero, Javier Cerezo-Garreta, Guillermo Torrado Durán, and Santiago Torrado-Santiago. "Self-Micellizing Technology Improves the Properties of Ezetimibe and Increases Its Effect on Hyperlipidemic Rats." Pharmaceutics 11, no. 12 (December 3, 2019): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11120647.

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The aim of this work was to develop ezetimibe self-micellizing solid dispersions using Kolliphor® RH40 (MS-K) as a surfactant incorporating ezetimibe (EZ) into the croscarmellose hydrophilic carrier. Different ezetimibe:Kolliphor® ratios were studied to select micellar systems that improve the dissolution properties of ezetimibe. The different formulations were characterized by means of solid state analysis by SEM, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dissolution studies. These physicochemical studies showed a decrease from the crystalline structure of ezetimibe (EZ) to its amorphous state in the micellar systems (MS-K). A rapid dissolution profile was observed in these micellar systems compared to the drug raw material and physical mixture. Efficacy studies were conducted using a high-fat diet that induced hyperlipidemic rats. The micellar system selected (MS-K 1:0.75) revealed a significant improvement in serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and triglycerides (TG) compared to ezetimibe raw material. The histopathological examination of liver tissue also showed that this micellar system exhibited more beneficial effects on liver steatosis compared to ezetimibe raw material (EZ-RM) and the high-fat diet group (HFD). This study suggests that EZ micellar systems using Kolliphor® RH40 could enhance the antihyperlipidemic effect of ezetimibe and reduce liver steatosis.

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Nizioł-Łukaszewska, Zofia, Tomasz Bujak, Tomasz Wasilewski, and Edyta Szmuc. "Inulin as an effectiveness and safe ingredient in cosmetics." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2019-0008.

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Abstract Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) and chicory (Cichorium intybus) are valuable pharmaceutical raw materials on account of their high content of inulin, a natural prebiotic. Inulin-rich plants are also increasingly employed in the formulation of cosmetic products. The paper presents the biological properties of aqueous and aqueous-ethanolic extracts of Jerusalem artichoke and chicory. The extracts have been found to have a high free radical scavenging ability, with the most beneficial antioxidant properties being observed for the aqueous-ethanolic extract of Jerusalem artichoke. Inulin isolated from both plant types is a safe and non-toxic raw material. Inulin added to model body wash gel formulations markedly reduces their potential to cause skin irritation and sensitization.

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Albracht, J. H., and M. S. De Wit. "Analysis of gentamicin in raw material in pharmaceutical preparations by high-performance liquid chromatography." Journal of Chromatography A 389 (January 1987): 306–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(01)94439-5.

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Amanlou, Massoud, Mehdi Hoseinzadeh Nazlou, Homa Azizian, Effat Souri, and Hassan Farsam. "Determination of Ketotifen Fumarate in Raw Material and Pharmaceutical Products Using Ion‐pair Formation." Analytical Letters 40, no. 17 (December 2007): 3267–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00032710701672384.

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Wynendaele, Evelien, Gamaliel Junren Ma, Xiaolong Xu, Nam-Joon Cho, and Bart De Spiegeleer. "Conformational stability as a quality attribute for the cell therapy raw material human serum albumin." RSC Advances 11, no. 25 (2021): 15332–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra01064f.

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Lakina, Natalia V., Valentin Yu Doluda, Esfir M. Sulman, Irina P. Shkileva, and Olga S. Burmatova. "STUDY OF METHOD OF PROCESSING CELLULOSIC AND LIGNIN-CONTAINING RAW MATERIALS USING CELLULOLYTIC ENZYMES." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 61, no. 1 (December 21, 2017): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.20186101.5454.

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In the research the results of bioethanol and other valuable products formation are described during peat hydrolytic formation. The factors of cellulose-lignin raw materials (peat and wood sawdust) stability to the action of various hydrolyzing agents were determined. The obtained experimental data indicate the efficiency of peat and sawdust samples pre-treatment with H2SO4 (90 wt.%), which is expressed in the highest yield of reducing substances during hydrolysis of the samples, in comparison with the results obtained with H2SO4 pretreatment of a lower concentration. The article shows the results of cellulose-containing raw materials hydrolysis process study with various ways, including enzymatic treatment. Enzyme complex sample of Celloviridine, containing both exo-and endo-enzymes, was used. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the cellulose-lignin-containing raw materials hydrolysis products was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography. It was found that the maximum rate of glucose accumulation (the final product of the hydrolytic process of cellulose-lignin raw materials) was observed when using samples of peat and sawdust pretreated with H2SO4 (90wt.%). As a result of cellulosulignin raw material subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis, the amount of D-glucose in the hydrolyzate increased with the help of the Celloviridin preparation in comparison with its amount in the H2SO4 pretreatment. A comparative characterization of the raw material efficiency for the yield of the desired product - D-glucose is shown. In the process of combined hydrolysis of cellulose and lignin-containing raw materials the maximum yield of the monosaccharide was observed during the hydrolysis of peat samples. After appropriate neutralization the resulting hydrolysis solution can be used to produce bioethanol and bacterial biomass in the microbial synthesis of products used for animal feed, as well as for pharmaceutical practice.Forcitation:Lakina N.V., Doluda V.Yu., Sulman E.M., Shkileva I.P., Burmatova O.S. Study of method of processing cellulosic and lignin-containing raw materials using cellulolytic enzymes. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 1. P. 78-83

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Marjanovic-Balaban, Zeljka, and Predrag Miletic. "Influence of microwaves on the rate of the distillation and yield of etheric oil from the wooded greenery of conifers." Chemical Industry 59, no. 9-10 (2005): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0510259m.

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It is known that many plants represent valuable raw materials for technological processing and that there has been an increase in the use of medicinal, aromatic and spice plants as raw materials in industry. Our research was directed toward studying the rate of the distillation and yield of etheric oils from the wooded greenery of conifers (fir, spruce, pine juniper and Douglas fir) by using a new procedure. These conifers represent an important raw material basis in this area, which could be used for the industrial production of etheric oil for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industry. Before distillation, the samples were treated with microwaves under laboratory conditions, and the influence of microwaves on the duration of the distillation and yield of etheric oil compared to steam distillation was analyzed. The results showed that less time was required to achieve the same yield during the distillation, if the samples were treated with microwaves, which can be a significant economic factor in the production of this etheric oil.

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Sarray, Dhurgham Khalid Abed, Liliia M. Horiacha, Iryna O. Zhuravel, and Andrii I. Fedosov. "HPLC study of phenolic compounds in Mirabilis jalapa raw material." Pharmacia 67, no. 3 (September 14, 2020): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.67.e52585.

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Mirabilis jalapa is a popular decorative plant valued for its beautiful multicolored flowers. Folk medicine in various countries applies Mirabilis jalapa as anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, spasmolytic drug. Chemical composition of different types of Mirabilis jalapa has not yet been adequately studied which is an obstacle for its application in medicine. The qualitative composition and quantitative content of phenolic compounds were studied by the HPLC method. The performed experiment revealed presence of hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids, isoflavonoids and coumarins in tested herb. The content of phenolic compounds was the highest in Mirabilis jalapa flowers, counting as much as 2977.41 ± 59.55 µg/mg. Total content of phenolic compounds in Mirabilis jalapa herb was 304.25 ± 6.08 µg/mg, in fruits – 67.92 ± 1.36 µg/mg, and in roots – 12.44 ± 0.25 µg/mg. Quantitatively neochlorogenic acid dominated in flowers, chlorogenic acid in fruits, whereas Mirabilis jalapa herb mostly contained rutin and hyperoside. The obtained results will be useful in the development of quality control methods for Mirabilis jalapa herb and manufacture of drug preparations on its basis.

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Olefir, Yu V., A. Yu Khubieva, E. L. Kovaleva, L. I. Mit’kina, A. A. Struzhkova, and E. V. Savin. "Quality Control of Ethyl Alcohol Used as a Medicinal Product." Bulletin of the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products 10, no. 1 (February 26, 2020): 6–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30895/1991-2919-2020-10-1-6-18.

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The manufacturing process, the source (raw materials), and primary packaging materials dictate requirements for the quality of ethyl alcohol used in the pharmaceutical industry.The aim of the paper was to analyse how the quality of ethyl alcohol used as a component of medicinal products depends on the starting materials, production method and technology, intended use, and the choice of the primary packaging. The paper analyses available information on ethyl alcohol quality and summarises data on potential impurities associated with the ethyl alcohol production technology and the starting materials used. It was established that Russian manufacturers mainly use grain crops (wheat and rye), as well as molasses—a by-product of the sugar industry, as raw materials. The paper addresses the process of improving the quality standards for ethyl alcohol from a historical perspective. A comparative study of the requirements of the Russian and the world’s leading pharmacopoeias for the pharmaceutical substance—ethyl alcohol 95%, 96% demonstrated the need to include identification by IR-spectrometry and impurity control by UV absorbance into the respective monograph of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation. The authors formulated requirements for the choice of packaging material for ethyl alcohol, which will not affect its quality during transportation and storage.

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Suryadi, Edy, D. Ruswandi, H. Marta, and I. Musfiroh. "Proximate, Crude Fiber and Starch Content of Maize Hybrids Developed in Indonesia in Natural Climatic Condition." KnE Life Sciences 2, no. 6 (November 26, 2017): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v2i6.1063.

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Corn is one of strategic commodities becoming the main priorities to be developed in Indonesia. Aside from being a strategic foodstuffs, corn contains starch which is used for an excipient in pharmaceutical raw materials of "filler" or filler material for tablets. However, until now local starch production cannot meet the needs of the pharmaceutical industry in Indonesia, and still relies on imported starch. The purpose of this research was to develop maize hybrids from Universitas Padjadjaran which has high of starch and meet the quality for an excipient of pharmaceutical preparations. This research was conducted to determine a formation of a single cross hybrid based on the diallel crosses. Evaluation of fused power was determined by proximate analysis and starch analysis. The selection of hybrid high yield power was done in monocropping and agroforestry systems. The results retrieved 28 types of hybrid corn that comes from 7 different types of strains of mutant reproduction results. The lowest moisture content was the corn M7DR 7.4.1 (9.45%), whereas the highest moisture content of corn was DR. 8 (16.03%). Low starch content was obtained from maize hybrid code 4.8.8 while the highest was obtained from maize hybrid code 18.5.1 ranging from 30-40%. Therefore, corn hybrid 18.5.1 has a potential to be developed as an excipient of various raw materials in the field of pharmacy. Keywords: corn, a hybrid, starch, excipient pharmacy

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Metwally, Fadia H., Mohammed Abdelkawy, and Ibrahim A. Naguib. "Development and Validation of Three Stability-Indicating Methods for Determination of Bisacodyl in Pure Form and Pharmaceutical Preparations." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 90, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/90.1.113.

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Abstract Three new, simple, sensitive, and accurate stability-indicating methods were developed for quantitative determination of bisacodyl in the presence of its degradation products, monoacetyl bisacodyl (I) and desacetyl bisacodyl (II), in enteric coated tablets, suppositories, and raw material. The first is a spectrodensitometric method in which the drug is separated from I and II on silica gel plates using chloroformacetone (9 + 1, v/v) as the mobile phase with ultraviolet detection of the separated bands at 223 nm over a concentration range of 0.2-1.4 g/band for bisacodyl with mean recovery 100.35 ± 1.923%. The second method is fourth derivative D4 spectrophotometry, which allows determination of bisacodyl in the presence of its degradation products in raw material at 223 nm using acetonitrile as the solvent with adherence to Beer's law over the concentration range 2-18 μg/mL with mean recovery 99.77 ± 1.056%. In the third method, the spectrophotometric data of bisacodyl, I, and II using absolute ethanol as solvent were processed by 3 chemometric techniques: classical least-squares, principal component regression, and partial least-squares. A training set consisting of 15 mixtures containing different ratios of bisacodyl, I, and II was used for construction of the 3 models. A validation set consisting of 6 mixtures was used to validate the prediction ability of the suggested models. The 3 chemometric methods were applicable over a concentration range between 2-14 μg/mL for bisacodyl with mean recovery of 99.97 ± 0.865, 100.01 ± 0.749, and 99.97 ± 0.616% for the 3 models, respectively. The proposed methods were checked using laboratory-prepared mixtures and were successfully applied to the analysis of raw material and pharmaceutical formulations containing bisacodyl, except for the second method that applies only for raw material. The validity of the suggested procedures was further assessed by applying the standard addition technique; the recoveries obtained were in accordance with those given by the reference method.

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Chen, Xiao Qi, Chao Liu, Hai Jun Zhou, Xiao Lei Zhang, Fei Wang, and Yan Tao Li. "Synthesis and Evalution of Enteric Aqueous Polymethacrylate Coating Material." Applied Mechanics and Materials 483 (December 2013): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.483.56.

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A kind of enteric-coated pharmaceutical coating material, which can be dissolved in pH>5.5 medium, was successfully prepared by pre-emulsionsemi-continuous polymerization methods with equal molecular mass of methacrylic acid and ethyl acrylate as main raw materials. The effects of the initiator and chain transfer agent on the molecular weight and the performance of the emulsion were discussed. The obtained compound was used as the coating material of Lansoprazole capsule, and the dissolution rate was measured. The results show that polymethacrylat emulsion with 1.83×105 of molecular weight was obtained when the dosage of the initiator and the chain transfer agent is 0.43% and 0.79% of the total monomer mass, respectively. The dissolution rate of Lansoprazole capsule coated polymethacrylat emulsion in the pH 6.8 medium was greater than 75%.

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Stanciauskaite, Monika, Mindaugas Marksa, Mindaugas Liaudanskas, Liudas Ivanauskas, Marija Ivaskiene, and Kristina Ramanauskiene. "Extracts of Poplar Buds (Populus balsamifera L., Populus nigra L.) and Lithuanian Propolis: Comparison of Their Composition and Biological Activities." Plants 10, no. 5 (April 21, 2021): 828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10050828.

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Balsam poplar and black poplar (Populus balsamifera L. and Populus nigra L.) buds that grow in Lithuania are the primary source of propolis, therefore it is proper to evaluate and compare the composition of these raw plant materials and propolis quantitatively and qualitatively. Propolis and balsamic poplar bud extract are dominated by p-coumaric acid and black poplar-caffeic acid. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), FRAP (ferric-reducing antioxidant power) and CUPRAC (cupric reducing antioxidant capacity) methods and all extracts showed antioxidant activity, and obtained results correlated with the obtained amounts of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in the extracts. Studies of antimicrobial activity have shown that all extracts have a growth inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, but the extract of balsam poplar buds showed the most significant effect of such kind. Considering the results of the research, it can be stated that balsam poplar buds cultured in Lithuania are the primary raw material of propolis, which is rich in phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties and is a promising raw material for pharmaceutical purposes.

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Bowers, Emily K., Raphaela Stimmelmayr, and Kathi A. Lefebvre. "Stability of Domoic Acid in 50% Methanol Extracts and Raw Fecal Material from Bowhead Whales (Balaena mysticetus)." Marine Drugs 19, no. 8 (July 27, 2021): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19080423.

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Domoic acid (DA), the toxin causing amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), is produced globally by some diatoms in the genus Pseudo-nitzschia. DA has been detected in several marine mammal species in the Alaskan Arctic, raising health concerns for marine mammals and subsistence communities dependent upon them. Gastrointestinal matrices are routinely used to detect Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) toxin presence in marine mammals, yet DA stability has only been studied extensively in shellfish-related matrices. To address this knowledge gap, we quantified DA in bowhead whale fecal samples at multiple time points for two groups: (1) 50% methanol extracts from feces, and (2) raw feces stored in several conditions. DA concentrations decreased to 70 ± 7.1% of time zero (T0) in the 50% methanol extracts after 2 weeks, but remained steady until the final time point at 5 weeks (66 ± 5.7% T0). In contrast, DA concentrations were stable or increased in raw fecal material after 8 weeks of freezer storage (−20 °C), at room temperature (RT) in the dark, or refrigerated at 1 °C. DA concentrations in raw feces stored in an incubator (37 °C) or at RT in the light decreased to 77 ± 2.8% and 90 ± 15.0% T0 at 8 weeks, respectively. Evaporation during storage of raw fecal material is a likely cause of the increased DA concentrations observed over time with the highest increase to 126 ± 7.6% T0 after 3.2 years of frozen storage. These results provide valuable information for developing appropriate sample storage procedures for marine mammal fecal samples.

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Moiseev, Yakov Petrovich, Evgeniy Evgen'yevich Kurdyukov, Aleksandr Vladimirovich Mitishev, Ol'ga Aleksandrovna Vodop'yanova, Olesya Petrovna Rodina, and Elena Vladimirovna Zhuchenko. "SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF THE SUM OF SAPONINS IN THE FRUIT OF THE CHINESE TREE LYCIUM CHINENSE MILL." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 2 (June 10, 2021): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2021028771.

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The objects of the study were Mature dried fruits of Chinese birch (Lycium chinense Mill., this. Solanaceae (Solanaceae)). Four samples were examined: no. 1 (Gifts of Pamir, Russia), no. 2 (Gullin Tianhe Pharmaceutical, China), no. 3 (A. J. Alliance, Russia), №. 4 (Globaltorg, Russia). The purpose of this work is to determine the content of the sum of saponins in Chinese fruit trees by spectrophotometry. By direct spectrophotometry, after reaction with concentrated sulfuric acid, the content of the sum of saponins in the raw material of Chinese wood was determined. The expediency of using the spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of saponins in extracts from the fruit of Chinese wood is proved. The values of the optical density of the saponin solution were recorded at a wavelength of 250-500 nm. Analytical maxima of the studied compounds were determined at 325 nm typical for escin. Optimal conditions for the extraction of saponins from the raw materials of this plant (extractant – 40% ethanol; the ratio "raw material – extractant" – 1 : 50; extraction time – 90 minutes; the degree of grinding of raw materials – 0.5 mm) are justified. It was determined that the error of a single determination of the saponin content in Chinese fruit with a confidence probability of 95% is ±1.93%. It was found that the content of saponins in the studied samples of Chinese wood varies in the range of 4.94 to 5.03%.

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Cao, Jin, Shi Cheng Wang, Liu Wei Xu, Jia Bing He, and Xi Ming Xu. "Extraction of Porphyran from Porphyra yezoensis for Gel Formulation Preparation." Key Engineering Materials 636 (December 2014): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.636.133.

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Porphyran, which structure is similar with carrageenan and agarose, has application potential in drug form developmentas a new pharmaceutical material. Orthogonal experiment was employed to optimizethe porphyran extraction conditions from porphyra yezoensis. The extraction temperature, pH, ratio of liquid to raw material and extraction time were confirmed as 90°C, 11, 30:1 and 3h, respectively.The polysaccharide structure detected by IR spectra was consistent with porphyran, which was suitable for gel formulation preparation.

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SUGIER, PIOTR, and BOGDAN LORENS. "Resources of Nuphar lutea (L.) Sibth. & Sm. in mid-eastern Poland as a potential source of herbal raw material." Agronomy Science 75, no. 3 (October 2, 2020): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/as.2020.3.8.

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The aim of this study was to characterize the phytocoenoses with a share of Nuphar lutea (L.) Sibth. & Sm. and to evaluate the area of patches of Nupharo-Nymphaeetum albae Tomaszewicz 1977 as well as resources of the yellow water lily that can be used as a source of valuable medicinal raw material. The field investigations were carried out in the summer seasons of 2009–2018, and fifty-eight lakes were included in this study. Nuphar lutea is a very interesting plant species due to considerable concentration of secondary metabolites and their biological activity. Therefore, under conditions of eastern Poland, it can be a valuable raw material for pharmaceutical purposes. The largest Nupharo-Nymphaeetum albae phytocoenoses with N. lutea as the main floristic component are localized especially in retention reservoirs connected with the Wieprz-Krzna Canal and other lakes of a natural character. They are often very shallow basins. Therefore, removal of a biomass, especially in the case of small lakes that overgrow at a very rapid rate, can significantly slow down their shallowing and they will remain and function in the landscape over a longer time. Harvesting the N. lutea leaves can decelerate the process of shallowing of water bodies, especially in the case of retention reservoirs, and may contribute to their better functioning. Collected raw material can be a source of valuable secondary metabolites suitable for the pharmaceutical industry.

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Hussein, Salwa H., and Nour T. Abdel-Ghani. "Differential Pulse Voltammetric and Conductimetric Determination of Diphenylpyraline HCl in Raw Material and Pharmaceutical Preparation." Open Electrochemistry Journal 1, no. 1 (February 27, 2009): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876505x00901010001.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pharmaceutical raw material'

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