Journal articles: 'Pharmaceutical Solutions'

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EDMAN, PETER. "Pharmaceutical Formulations— Suspensions and Solutions." Journal of Aerosol Medicine 7, s1 (January 1994): S—3—S—6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jam.1994.7.suppl_1.s-3.

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McKinnon, Barbara Thompson, and Kenneth E. Avis. "Membrane Filtration of Pharmaceutical Solutions." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 50, no. 9 (September 1, 1993): 1921–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/50.9.1921.

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Russo, Nicole M. "Pharmaceutical Calculations — A Basic Review." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 18, no. 5 (September 2002): 257–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875512250201800506.

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Objective: To review mathematical topics used in pharmaceutical preparation, specifically ratios and proportions, percentage concentrations, and stock solutions. Data Source: Online pharmaceutics sources and current pharmaceutics textbooks were consulted. Data Synthesis: Ratios and proportions are basic tools for adjusting drug concentrations. Using proportions, medications can be provided in any concentration desired. By extending this technique to percentage concentrations, prescriptions can be interpreted and calculated. In the same manner, the ability to dilute stock solutions provides patient-specific drug delivery. Conclusions: The mathematical concepts of ratios and proportions, percentage concentrations, and stock dilutions are essential for correct medication administration in any setting.

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Ivanova, S. V., M. A. Erganzhiev, and S. V. Murashova. "The Role of Intellectual Property in the Innovation Activities of Russian Pharmaceutical Companies." Economics. Law. Innovaion, no. 4 (December 29, 2022): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17586/2713-1874-2022-4-38-47.

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The authors of the study analyze the role played by the intellectual property of domestic and foreign applicants in the Russian segment of the international pharmaceutical market, based on data on patent activity. Modern realities of the Russian pharmaceutical industry are formed under the influence of two multidirectional processes – protectionist policy and technology development in the format of open innovations, which influence the choice of tools for solving the problems of innovation management. Domestic patent holders began to take an increasingly tough stance against competitors from foreign countries, but they still lose to foreign pharmaceutical companies in the quantitative volume of protected technical solutions. The paper presents an analysis of patent applications filed with Rospatent and the Eurasian Patent Office related to the pharmaceutical industry. The authors assessed the share of patent applications in the field of medicine and pharmaceuticals in the total number of technical solutions submitted for registration. Con-clusions and recommendations for optimizing the management systems of Russian pharmaceutical companies and the development of domestic pharmaceuticals are made in relation to existing economic cycles. The changes that have taken place in the region over the past 11 years are identified, and directions for the development of the pharmaceutical industry are formulated.

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Gunjan Behl, Deepali Shahane, Baljeet Kaur, and Shambhu Rai. "Generic Adaptive Emergency Agile Model for Health care and Pharmaceuticals in crisis situation." Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results 13, no. 4 (November 10, 2022): 1167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.47750/pnr.2022.13.04.163.

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Pandemic challenges demanded immediate solutions and continues improvement in solutions on field which motivated the entire world’s research community to find an opportunity to provide speedy solutions to problems. Agile developments provide immediate improvements which functioned on the grounds of assorted health care units, medical facilities, pharmaceuticals and variants of COVID 19 cases. Agile developments proved its effectiveness for immediate solutions which take full advantage of aids to health and pharmaceutical organizations and also exploits worth rapport with health stakeholders. This springs a thirst for carrying out the study on agile developments and its effectiveness for health and pharmaceuticals so, the study focuses to design generic adaptive emergency agile model for Health care and pharmaceuticals to deal with Crisis pressure which will support COVID 19 medical research field.

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Ayala, Alejandro Pedro. "Pharmaceutical solid solutions of antiretroviral drugs." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 73, a2 (December 1, 2017): C113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205327331709458x.

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Ahuja, S. "Chromatographic solutions to pharmaceutical analytical problems." Chromatographia 34, no. 5-8 (September 1992): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02268376.

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Nazzini, Renato. "Parallel Trade in the Pharmaceutical Market – Current Trends and Future Solutions." World Competition 26, Issue 1 (March 1, 2003): 53–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco2003008.

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This article explores the relationship between EU law and the pharmaceutical market. It analyses the political debate on the competitiveness of the European pharmaceutical industry, in the view of the enlargement, the different models of regulation of pharmaceuticals in the Member States and the economic theories of parallel trade and intellectual property rights. Against this background, it is demonstrated that both the Commission and the Court of Justice have adopted a strong pro-single market approach, whereby price regulations, ethical obligations to sell medicines and the need for adequate reward of investment in research and development have been considered incapable of limiting the scope of application of the European law of competition and free movement of goods. The article suggests solutions available under the existing legal framework; it also proposes, in view of further European harmonisation, the principle of effective and fair negotiation as a core element in price regulation in the Member States.

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Deshkar, Anuradha T., Ujwala P. Gawali, and Prashant A. Shirure. "Environmental pharmacology: an emerging science." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 7, no. 3 (February 22, 2018): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20180645.

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With continuous rapid expansion of the human population there is escalating demand for resources, including human and veterinary pharmaceuticals. This has lead to rapid development of global pharmaceutical industry and with that increase in issues caused by pharmaceutical products. In recent years a great concern has been expressed over the occurrence and persistence of pharmaceutical products in the environment and their potential impact on environment. Owing to this the new branch of science called environmental pharmacology has sprouted. Environmental pharmacology deals with dispersion and impact of pharmaceutical products on environment. Solutions need to be suggested to save this only liveable planet from ill effects of these pharmaceutical products. This has given birth to the science of Ecopharmacovigilance (EPV).

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Pedro, Sónia N., Carmen S. R. Freire, Armando J. D. Silvestre, and Mara G. Freire. "The Role of Ionic Liquids in the Pharmaceutical Field: An Overview of Relevant Applications." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 21 (November 5, 2020): 8298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218298.

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Solubility, bioavailability, permeation, polymorphism, and stability concerns associated to solid-state pharmaceuticals demand for effective solutions. To overcome some of these drawbacks, ionic liquids (ILs) have been investigated as solvents, reagents, and anti-solvents in the synthesis and crystallization of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), as solvents, co-solvents and emulsifiers in drug formulations, as pharmaceuticals (API-ILs) aiming liquid therapeutics, and in the development and/or improvement of drug-delivery-based systems. The present review focuses on the use of ILs in the pharmaceutical field, covering their multiple applications from pharmaceutical synthesis to drug delivery. The most relevant research conducted up to date is presented and discussed, together with a critical analysis of the most significant IL-based strategies in order to improve the performance of therapeutics and drug delivery systems.

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Chanda, Anupam. "Packaging Solutions in Microgravity (For Pharmaceutical Products)." Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 6 (May 20, 2019): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31080/asps.2019.03.0288.

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Flynn, Matthew. "Compound Solutions: Pharmaceutical Alternatives for Global Health." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 47, no. 4 (June 27, 2018): 443–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094306118779814h.

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Joseph, Miranda, Abigail H. Neely, Gail Davies, Matthew Sparke, and Susan Craddock. "Compound Solutions: Pharmaceutical Alternatives for Global Health." AAG Review of Books 7, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2325548x.2019.1546034.

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Lackner, Elisabeth. "Compound solutions: pharmaceutical alternatives for global health." New Genetics and Society 38, no. 3 (December 5, 2018): 354–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14636778.2018.1555029.

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Dade, John, Mark Wilcox, and Liz Kay. "Hazards of multiple use of pharmaceutical solutions." Lancet 356, no. 9242 (November 2000): 1684–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)70390-1.

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Lusi, Matteo. "Pharmaceutical solid solutions from non-soluble components." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 75, a2 (August 18, 2019): e600-e600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273319089563.

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Menke, Karl C. "An industrial engineering approach to laboratory automation for high throughput screening." Journal of Automated Methods and Management in Chemistry 22, no. 5 (2000): 143–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1463924600000225.

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Across the pharmaceutical industry, there are a variety of approaches to laboratory automation for high throughput screening. At Sphinx Pharmaceuticals, the principles of industrial engineering have been applied to systematically identify and develop those automated solutions that provide the greatest value to the scientists engaged in lead generation.

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Khalil, Ahmed M. E., Fayyaz A. Memon, Tanveer A. Tabish, Ben Fenton, Deborah Salmon, Shaowei Zhang, and David Butler. "Performance Evaluation of Porous Graphene as Filter Media for the Removal of Pharmaceutical/Emerging Contaminants from Water and Wastewater." Nanomaterials 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11010079.

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Graphene and its counterparts have been widely used for the removal of contaminants from (waste)water but with limited success for the removal of pharmaceutical contaminants. Driven by this need, this study reports, for the first time, the removal of pharmaceuticals from real contaminated water samples using porous graphene (PG) as a filter-based column. This work systematically evaluates the performance of PG as a filter medium for the removal of widely consumed pharmaceutical/emerging contaminants (ECs) such as atenolol, carbamazepine, ciprofloxacin, diclofenac, gemfibrozil and ibuprofen. Several factors were investigated in these column studies, including different reactive layer configurations, bed packing heights (5–45 mm), filter sizes (inner diameter 18–40 mm), adsorbent dosages (100–500 mg-PG) and water bodies (distilled water, greywater, and actual effluent wastewater). Sustainable synthesis of PG was carried out followed by its use as a filter medium for the removal of pharmaceuticals at high concentrations (10.5 ± 0.5 mg/L) and trace concentrations (1 mg/L). These findings revealed that the double-layered PG-sand column outperformed a PG single-layered configuration for the removal of most of the ECs. The removal efficiency of ECs from their solutions was improved by increasing PG dosages and filter bed height and size. Although the treatment of mixed pharmaceutical solutions from different water bodies was affected by the negative interference caused by competing water compounds, the treatment of ECs-contaminated greywater was not severely affected. Our findings suggest that PG, as a highly efficient filter medium, could be used for the removal of emerging pharmaceutical contaminants from water and wastewater.

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Spooner, Neil, Ismael Zamora, Carla Marshall-Waggett, and Mike Lee. "Clinical and Pharmaceutical Solutions through Analysis: Europe 2018." Bioanalysis 10, no. 16 (August 2018): 1251–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio-2018-0124.

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KAWANO, KENJI, CHIHARU ARAI, KIMIKO ANZAI, and SHINICHIRO NAKAJIMA. "Pharmaceutical Study of the Mitomycin C Ophthalmic Solutions." Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 19, no. 3 (1993): 230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5649/jjphcs1975.19.230.

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21

Shepherd, Marv. "Drug Importation and Safety of Drugs Obtained from Canada." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 41, no. 7-8 (July 2007): 1288–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1k249.

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Drug importation from Canada has been holly debated for nearly a decade. Many believe that drug importation will bring needed competition and lower US drug prices. Opposition argues that the costs of ensuring product quality and safety, as well as added healthcare costs, will offset savings attained from imported pharmaceuticals. The US needs to become innovative and seek solutions that will provide effective, safe, and economical pharmaceuticals without placing a burden on other countries and without damaging the pharmaceutical research.

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Doostzadeh, Ebrahim, Hussein Shabaninejad, Hesamoddin Madani, and Zahra Ahani Amineh. "A FRAMEWORK FOR EVALUATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: EVIDENCE FROM IRAN." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 9, no. 5 (September 1, 2016): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9i5.10099.

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ABSTRACTObjectives: The pharmaceutical market is a complex market due to its complicated supply chain and the extent of government regulations in allaspects of the trade lifecycle of drug development. Considering the importance of pharmaceuticals for society and the relevant trend of globalization,managing pharmaceutical industry effectively and efficiently is vital, particularly in developing countries. The present study determines the factorsaffecting the development of the Iranian pharmaceutical industry based on pharmaceutical mangers’ point of view.Methods: In this study, we assessed managers’ perspective about the internal and external key factors affecting the development of pharmaceuticalindustry. Finally, their perspective about the solutions for the development of pharmaceutical industry was assessed. Accordingly, a self-designedquestionnaire was sent to 65 managers at Tamin Pharmaceutical Investment Company, of which, 51 questionnaires were answered by the managers. Result: Most managers believed generic scheme reflect negatively on the development of the pharmaceutical industry and that external factors havea great impact on its improvement. They believe that branded generic transition along with supporting regulations, investment in Research andDevelopment, and joint venture with foreign companies will improve the pharmaceutical industry.Conclusion: To sum up, for improving the pharmaceutical industry in the shortest time possible, improvement of technological capabilities andinvestment in R&D should be considered.Keywords: Pharmaceutical industry, Key factors, Generic scheme.

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KOREN, GIDEON. "Drug Errors." Pediatrics 80, no. 2 (August 1, 1987): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.80.2.308b.

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In Reply.— In Canada, pediatric Lanoxin is available, as stated in our article, in a concentration of 0.05 mg/mL (Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties, ed 21. Ottawa, Canadian Pharmaceutical Association, 1986). This is another source of errors; physicians today moving from country to country should always check the stock solutions of drugs available and not assume that they are the same as at home.

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Quintero-Álvarez, Fátima Gisela, Cintia Karina Rojas-Mayorga, Didilia Ileana Mendoza-Castillo, Ismael Alejandro Aguayo-Villarreal, and Adrián Bonilla-Petriciolet. "Physicochemical Modeling of the Adsorption of Pharmaceuticals on MIL-100-Fe and MIL-101-Fe MOFs." Adsorption Science & Technology 2022 (March 8, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4482263.

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The adsorption of naproxen (NAP), diclofenac (DFC), and acetaminophen (APAP) molecules from aqueous solutions using MIL-100-Fe and MIL-101-Fe metal organic frameworks (MOFs) has been analyzed and modeled. Adsorption isotherms of these pharmaceuticals were experimentally quantified at 30 and 40°C and pH 7. Textural parameters and surface chemistry of these MOFs were analyzed, and results were utilized to explain the pharmaceutical adsorption mechanism. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were performed to understand the reactivity of pharmaceutical molecules, and a statistical physics model was employed to calculate the main physicochemical parameters related to the adsorption mechanism. Results showed that the adsorption of these pharmaceuticals on MOFs was multimolecular and exothermic. Both MOFs displayed the highest adsorption capacities, up to 2.19 and 1.71 mmol/g, for NAP and DFC molecules, respectively. MIL-101-Fe showed better pharmaceutical adsorption properties than MIL-100-Fe due to its highest content of Fe-O clusters and mesopore volume. Adsorption mechanism of these organic molecules could involve hydrogen bond, van der Waals forces, and electrostatic interactions with MOF surfaces. In particular, MIL-101-Fe MOF is a promising material to prepare composites with competitive adsorption capacities for facing the water pollution caused by pharmaceutical compounds.

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Radeva, Jenny, Anke Gundula Roth, Christian Göbbert, Robert Niestroj-Pahl, Lars Dähne, Axel Wolfram, and Jürgen Wiese. "Hybrid Ceramic Membranes for the Removal of Pharmaceuticals from Aqueous Solutions." Membranes 11, no. 4 (April 10, 2021): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11040280.

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Layer-by-Layer (LbL) technology was used to coat alumina ceramic membranes with nanosized polyelectrolyte films. The polyelectrolyte chains form a network with nanopores on the ceramic surface and promote the rejection of small molecules such as pharmaceuticals, salts and industrial contaminants, which can otherwise not be eliminated using standard ultrafiltration methods. The properties and performance of newly developed hybrid membranes are in the focus of this investigation. The homogeneity of the applied coating layer was investigated by confocal fluorescence microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Properties such as permeability, bubble point, pore size distribution and Zeta potential were determined for both pristine and LbL coated membranes using various laboratory tests. Subsequently, a thorough comparison was drawn. The charging behavior at solid-liquid interface was characterized using streaming potential techniques. The retention potential was monitored by subjecting widely used pharmaceuticals such as diclofenac, ibuprofen and sulfamethoxazol. The results prove a successful elimination of pharmaceutical contaminants, up to 84% from drinking water, by applying a combination of polyelectrolyte multilayers and ceramic membranes.

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Xumora, Rahmatullayeva. "PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH OF YOUTH." European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies 02, no. 08 (August 1, 2022): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/eijmrms-02-08-15.

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The main factors of the current situation are: low awareness of the population in matters of sexual and reproductive health; lack of a system of sexual education for children and adolescents; the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections, especially among adolescents and young adults; high rates of teenage pregnancy and abortion; insufficient involvement of specialists in the process of protecting reproductive health and preparing for a planned pregnancy; insufficient saturation of the pharmaceutical market with high-quality contraceptives and their high cost; lack of research on the needs of the population in services for the protection of sexual and reproductive health.

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Hama Aziz, Kosar Hikmat, Khalid M. Omer, Ali Mahyar, Hans Miessner, Siegfried Mueller, and Detlev Moeller. "Application of Photocatalytic Falling Film Reactor to Elucidate the Degradation Pathways of Pharmaceutical Diclofenac and Ibuprofen in Aqueous Solutions." Coatings 9, no. 8 (July 25, 2019): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9080465.

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Diclofenac (DCF) and ibuprofen (IBP) are common pharmaceutical residues that have been detected in the aquatic system. Their presence in the aquatic environment has become an emerging contaminant problem, which has implications for public health. The degradation pathway and identification of transformation products of pharmaceutical residues are crucial to elucidate the environmental fate of photocatalytic decomposition of these pollutants in aqueous media. The degradation process might lead to creation of other possible emerging contaminates. In this study, the degradation of DCF and IBP in aqueous solutions was investigated. To this end, coated TiO2 on a Pilkington Active glass was used as a photocatalyst under UVA illumination, in a planar falling film reactor. Pilkington ActivTM glass was used as a photocatalyst and a falling liquid film generator. Degradation kinetics of both pharmaceuticals followed a pseudo-first-order model. The transformation products of both diclofenac and ibuprofen during the degradation process were detected and identified with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and ion chromatography. The results showed that the mineralization rate of both pharmaceuticals through photocatalysis was very low. Low chain carboxylic acids, such as formic, acetic, oxalic, malonic, and succinic acids were the main by-products. A pathway of DCF and IBP degradation was proposed.

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Mikhalev, A. "Analytical solutions for pharmaceutical industry. Agilent Technologies’ spectroscopy systems." Laboratory and production 4, no. 4 (2018): 104b—107. http://dx.doi.org/10.32757/2619-0923.2018.4.4.104b.107.

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SUZUKI, KAZUICHI, MIKIO NISHIKAWA, HISAYO MORITA, ITURO KAWAKAGE, and KIICHIRO FUJII. "Confirmation of sterilization of pharmaceutical solutions with chemical indicators." Japanese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 11, no. 5 (1985): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5649/jjphcs1975.11.381.

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Phillips, Elaine M., and Valentino J. Stella. "Rapid expansion from supercritical solutions: application to pharmaceutical processes." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 94, no. 1-3 (June 1993): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-5173(93)90002-w.

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31

Zimmerman, Chris. "Protecting the Pharmaceutical Supply Channel." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 19, no. 4 (August 2006): 236–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190006293516.

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Protecting and securing the pharmaceutical supply channel requires constant vigilance in cooperation with all partners in the channel: the manufacturer, the distributor, and the pharmacy as well as state and federal legislators and regulatory agencies. No one approach can protect and secure; rather, the pharmaceutical industry as a whole needs to adopt a combination of approaches to ensure the safety and integrity of the supply channel. Right now, the most secure way to ensure product integrity and patient safety is through a primary distribution system, also referred to as normal distribution. Primary distribution involves the movement of pharmaceuticals from the manufacturer to the wholesale distributor to the pharmacy. Going forward, some new technologies offer great promise. The industry needs to address all technology solutions, from secure product packaging to tracking techniques such as tags, holograms, and ultimately radio frequency identification. All of these begin with the manufacturer, require wholesaler involvement, and rely on the pharmacy. The movement of product must be secure and the highest level of vigilance maintained.

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Ihos, Monica, Corneliu Bogatu, Carmen Lazau, Florica Manea, and Rodica Pode. "Pharmaceutically Active Compounds Degradation Using Doped TiO2 Functionalized Zeolite Photocatalyst." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 1 (February 15, 2018): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.1.6040.

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The aim of this study was the investigation of photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceutically active compounds using doped TiO2 functionalized zeolite photocatalyst. Diclofenac (DCF), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, that represents a biorefractory micropollutant, was chosen as model of pharmaceutically active compound. The photocatalyst was Z-TiO2-Ag. The concentration of DCF in the working solutions was 10 mg/L,50 mg/L,100 mg/L and 200 mg/L and of photocatalyst 1 g/L in any experiments. The process was monitored by recording the UV spectra of the treated solutions and total organic carbon (TOC) determination. The UV spectra analysis and TOC removal proved that along the advanced degradation of DCF also a mineralization process occurred. The carried out research provided useful information envisaging the treatment of pharmaceutical effluents by photocatalysis.

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Smekhova, I. Ye, Yu M. Ladutko, and O. V. Kalinina. "EXTEMPORAL MANUFACTURE OF MEDICINES. PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS." Vestnik Farmacii 91, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.52540/2074-9457.2021.1.48.

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Despite the decrease in the number of pharmacies having prescription and manufacturing departments the need for extemporally manufactured dosage forms remains high. Pharmaceutical organization dealing with medicines manufacture is currently facing a number of problems: lack of modern pharmaceutical substances at pharmacies, manufacture of medicines containing narcotic substances, psychotropic substances and their precursors, high costs, low profitability of in-pharmacy manufacture and etc. The urgency to preserve and revive ex tempore formulations at pharmacies is highlighted. The groups of patients for whom individual manufacture of medicines is most relevant are identified: children, especially newborn and children under 1 year old, elderly patients, as well as patients with orphan diseases and patients requiring palliative care. The advantages of the extemporal formulation are noted, in particular, the selection of an individual composition and dosage taking into account body characteristics, age, concomitant diseases of the patient, tolerance of medicinal substances and their excipients, etc. Some ways to solve problems arising are suggested. Promising directions for the development of extemporal manufacture are noted: the use of modern excipients, technologies, packaging facilities, the development of internal regulatory documentation for the pharmaceutical quality system and etc.

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Yap, Chien, Chi Lui Ho, Yin Shan Lim, and Siang Fei Yeoh. "Stability of Anidulafungin in Concentrated Pharmaceutical Solution." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017): S335—S336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx163.797.

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Abstract Background Currently, the reconstitution instructions in the package insert indicate that 100 mg of anidulafungin powder is to be dissolved in 30 ml of sterile water for injection and this reconstituted solution is to be further mixed with 100 ml of either normal saline (NS) or dextrose 5% (w/v) (D5) to give a final infusion solution of concentration 0.77 mg/mL. The compatibility of the reconstituted solution with diluents other than NS or D5 has not been established and there is no literature to support the the use of a more concentrated infusion solution. Thus, the infusion solution prepared strictly according to the method described by the manufacturer may pose a problem clinically in patients who are indicated for treatment with anidulafungin but require fluid restriction. In order to meet the needs of the abovementioned patient populations in the clinical setting, it is imperative to establish the stability of suitable anidulafungin infusion solutions prepared in diluents that are appropriate to the patients but differ from that set forth by the manufacturer Methods After an initial validation of the HPLC-MS/MS method, the concentration of the anidulafungin solutions was determined over 48/72 hours. Other parameters assessed were pH, osmolality and particulate matter. Results 100 mg of anidulafungin powder was soluble in 15 ml of sterile water and this reconstituted solution was stable for at least 24 hours at 25. Anidulafungin infusion solutions of concentration 2 mg/mL prepared using diluents like NS, D5, half normal saline (HNS) and NSD5 were stable for at least 72 hours at 25. If the diluent was HNSD5, the infusion solution of concentration 2 mg/mL was stable for at least 48 hours at 25. All of the anidulafungin solutions tested were of acceptable standard for an injection in terms of pH, osmolality and particulate matter Conclusion The method of preparation employed yielded anidulafungin solutions of suitable stability for clinical use and can be adopted should there be a need to differ from the manufacturer’s recommended preparation method. We may use these concentrated preparations for patient with central line like in ICU or OPAT setting Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Törnqvist, Gunnar. "Pharmaceutical Problems in Developing Countries." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 2, no. 4 (October 1986): 701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300003548.

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The circumstances and conditions bounding the use of drugs in developing countries are not, as many commentators on this subject assume, similar to those in industrialized countries. Appropriate solutions to the issues of quality control, price, and distribution present major quandaries (1). But they can be addressed if governments exhibit adequate political will and set realistic policy objectives.

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Mamedyarov, Z. A. "Pharmaceutical Industry Development in the Midst of Crisis: Global Trends." MIR (Modernization. Innovation. Research) 11, no. 4 (December 28, 2020): 398–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.18184/2079-4665.2020.11.4.398-408.

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Purpose: the main purpose of the article was to study the trends in the global pharmaceutical industry, as one of the most knowledge-intensive in the world economy, against the background of the 2020 COVID-related crisis. The task was to study the impact of the economic crisis on the priorities of the largest pharmaceutical multinationals, to link them with trends in the restructuring of health care systems, as well as to analyze and assess the potential impact of Brexit on the European pharma industry, starting from 2021.Methods: the work is based on a comparative analysis of trends in the restructuring of global value chains in pharmaceuticals, the digitalization of pharmaceuticals and health care, as well as a quantitative analysis of the revenue and value added by the largest European pharmaceutical multinational companies.Results: the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the process of digitalization of big pharma; the intensified transition to a continuous production model can be expected in the coming years. Also, the second largest industry market, the EU-27, will suffer less from Brexit than the UK itself, and industries in developing countries will benefit from additional growth opportunities. The digitalization of healthcare remains an important underlying factor for the transformation of pharmaceuticals and further growth of innovation competition. This paper presents the problems of pharma and how to address them, as well as possible ways to restructure healthcare systems to reduce the likelihood of new pandemics – this will be at the heart of regulatory solutions in the medium term.Conclusions and Relevance: governments and state regulators will be actively involved in the process of recovery of the pharmaceutical industry after the crisis. For small regional pharmaceutical producers in developing countries there is a growing need to digitalize production and diversify supply chains. Implementation of continuous production technologies allows expecting growth in the number of small pharmaceutical producers, deepening competition in the industry. The Brexit deal will also have significant implications for the industry, leading to a restructuring of supply chains within the EU from early 2021, reducing the UK's competitiveness.

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Alazaiza, Motasem, Ahmed Albahnasawi, Gomaa Ali, Mohammed Bashir, Dia Nassani, Tahra Al Maskari, Salem Amr, and Mohammed Abujazar. "Application of Natural Coagulants for Pharmaceutical Removal from Water and Wastewater: A Review." Water 14, no. 2 (January 6, 2022): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14020140.

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Pharmaceutical contamination threatens both humans and the environment, and several technologies have been adapted for the removal of pharmaceuticals. The coagulation-flocculation process demonstrates a feasible solution for pharmaceutical removal. However, the chemical coagulation process has its drawbacks, such as excessive and toxic sludge production and high production cost. To overcome these shortcomings, the feasibility of natural-based coagulants, due to their biodegradability, safety, and availability, has been investigated by several researchers. This review presented the recent advances of using natural coagulants for pharmaceutical compound removal from aqueous solutions. The main mechanisms of natural coagulants for pharmaceutical removal from water and wastewater are charge neutralization and polymer bridges. Natural coagulants extracted from plants are more commonly investigated than those extracted from animals due to their affordability. Natural coagulants are competitive in terms of their performance and environmental sustainability. Developing a reliable extraction method is required, and therefore further investigation is essential to obtain a complete insight regarding the performance and the effect of environmental factors during pharmaceutical removal by natural coagulants. Finally, the indirect application of natural coagulants is an essential step for implementing green water and wastewater treatment technologies.

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Breder, V. V., K. K. Laktionov, and M. I. Davydov. "PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPY OF HEPATOCELLULAR CANCER PRACTICAL ISSUES AND SOLUTIONS." Medical Council, no. 14 (November 14, 2017): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2017-14-11-23.

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Pharmaceutical therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma represents a major clinical issue of debate in modern oncology. Until now, Sorafenib remains the only option for the management of locally advanced and metastatic hepatocellular carcinomas, which increases the overall survival of patients. In the absence of alternative treatment, the oncologist understanding of the place, time, the strategic goal and tactical objectives of the pharmaceutical therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma at different stages of cancer is of great importance. The article considers the practical aspects of the Sorafenib therapy of hepatocellular cancer in various clinical situations, and proposes algorithms of accompanying therapy for the underlying liver pathology. It presents the results of Regorafenib therapy, a new multi-kinase inhibitor, which significantly increases survival in the second line therapy of sorafenib-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma. The options of pharmaceutical therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma using cytotoxic and molecular-directed medicines, prospects of modern immunotherapy are discussed.

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Papert, Marcel, Patrick Rimpler, and Alexander Pflaum. "Enhancing supply chain visibility in a pharmaceutical supply chain." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 46, no. 9 (October 3, 2016): 859–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpdlm-06-2016-0151.

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Purpose This work analyzes a pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC) in terms of supply chain visibility (SCV). The current good distribution practice (GDP) guideline demands increased visibility from firms. The purpose of this paper is to propose a solution for SCV enhancements based on automatic identification (Auto-ID) technologies. Design/methodology/approach The authors qualitatively analyze data from ten case studies of actors in a PSC. A review of Auto-ID technologies supports the derivation of solutions to enhance SCV. Findings This work shows that the functionalities of Auto-ID technologies offered by current practical monitoring solutions and challenges created by the GDP guideline necessitate further SCV enhancements. To enhance SCV, the authors propose three solutions: securPharm with passive radio frequency identification tags, transport containers with sensor nodes, and an SCV dashboard. Research limitations/implications This study is limited to a PSC in Germany and is therefore not intended to be exhaustive. Thus, the results serve as a foundation for further analyses. Practical implications This study provides an overview of the functionality of Auto-ID technologies. In juxtaposition with the influence of the GDP guideline, the use of our Auto-ID-based solutions can help to enhance SCV. Originality/value This work analyzes a PSC in Germany, with consideration given to the influence of current legislation. Based on a multiple-case-study design, the authors derive three Auto-ID-based solutions for enhancing SCV.

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Kopitsyna, M. N., A. S. Morozov, I. V. Bessonov, V. M. Pisarev, E. S. Lobakova, and O. V. Bukharin. "LIGANDS FOR SELECTIVE REMOVAL OF LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES FROM GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA." Journal of microbiology epidemiology immunobiology, no. 3 (June 28, 2017): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2017-3-115-126.

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Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are highly toxic molecules released during the lysis of bacterial cells. They play important role in the pathogenesis of sepsis, and can contaminate pharmaceuticals, so removing them from aqueous solutions and biological fluids is an extremely important task. Structure of LPS and its toxicity for various animals are presented in this review. Various low- and high-molecular ligands, suitable for efficient binding and removal LPS from solutions are studied and demonstrated. The main attention is paid to the relationship between the chemical structure of the ligand and its ability to form strong complexes with LPS and the principles of creating selective ligands for the depyrogenation of pharmaceutical substances and the creation of hemoperfusion columns for the sepsis therapy.

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Kim, Young-soo, José R. Méndez del Río, and Ronald W. Rousseau. "Solubility and Prediction of the Heat of Solution of Sodium Naproxen in Aqueous Solutions." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 94, no. 9 (September 2005): 1941–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jps.20391.

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Zhang, Tianyi (Tee), Li Wang, Naidong Weng, Kelly Dong, Gary Valaskovic, and Mike Lee. "7th Annual Symposium on Clinical and Pharmaceutical Solutions through Analysis." Bioanalysis 8, no. 19 (October 2016): 1993–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio-2016-0220.

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Rahman, Sayeeda, and Md Anwarul Azim Majumder. "Pre-diabetes: Is this a clinical problem with pharmaceutical solutions?" South East Asia Journal of Public Health 6, no. 1 (December 10, 2016): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v6i1.30344.

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Л.С., Хворова, Лукин Н.Д., and Баранова Л.В. "RATIONAL PHARMACEUTICAL SUBSTANCE FOR OBTAINING GLUCOSE SOLUTIONS WITH SODIUM CHLORIDE." "Medical & pharmaceutical journal "Pulse" 21, no. 11 (November 30, 2019): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26787/nydha-2686-6838-2019-21-11-41-47.

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McMillen, Christian W. "Compound Solutions: Pharmaceutical Alternatives for Global Health by Susan Craddock." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 92, no. 2 (2018): 405–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2018.0051.

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Шевченко, В. О., О. С. Шпичак, and С. М. Ролік-Аттіа. "Methodological approach to the pharmaceutical development of solutions for injection in polymer packaging." Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal, no. 6 (December 29, 2022): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.6.22.07.

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Medicines in the form of solutions for injections are the most effective in terms of dosage accuracy and speed of pharmacological action. Pharmaceutical development of drugs is one of the key stages of their life cycle, which main task is to create a high-quality medicine during the production process. The aim of the work is to develop a methodological approach to the pharmaceutical development of parenteral drugs, namely solutions for injections in polymer packaging. The objects of the study were sources of scientific literature, regulatory documents, manuals, textbooks and reports of the pharmaceutical development of medicinal products, documents of the registration dossier, reports of regulatory authorities on the examination of medicinal products. Informational and empirical research methods are used in the work by studying, summarizing and comparing documentary data. Compositions and technologies for the production of solutions for injections of domestic manufacturing based on medicinal substances of different chemical nature and their concentrations have been developed, taking into account data from scientific sources regarding their stability in aqueous solutions and the results of research into the chemical and technological properties of substances. The popular opinion about the inertness of auxiliary substances in the composition of the dosage form has been shown is not entirely reliable; since their appropriate and rational choice has a significant impact to the quality of the final product in the manufacture of solutions for injection. Therefore, in order to ensure the stability and safety of active pharmaceutical ingredients, as well as to improve the physicochemical parameters during the production of solutions for injections, it was necessary to introduce auxiliary substances into their composition. The methodological role of the stage of choosing the primary packaging with a comprehensive research of its properties in the production of specific solutions for injections was outlined. A methodological approach to the pharmaceutical development of solutions for injections in polymer packaging has been developed. As a result of the analysis of literary sources devoted to the theory and practice of creating medicinal forms and based on general methodological approaches to the development of medicinal products, as well as on the basis of practical work experience; an improved methodological approach to the creation of high-quality, effective and safe solutions for injections has been proposed.

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Chadwick, Sandra, Christina Kriegel, and Mansoor Amiji. "Nanotechnology solutions for mucosal immunization." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 62, no. 4-5 (March 2010): 394–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2009.11.012.

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Twomey, Alan, Kosaku Kurata, Yutaka Nagare, Hiroshi Takamatsu, and Alptekin Aksan. "Microheterogeneity in frozen protein solutions." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 487, no. 1-2 (June 2015): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.04.032.

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Piel, G., B. Evrard, T. Van Hees, and L. Delattre. "Comparison of the IV pharmacokinetics in sheep of miconazole–cyclodextrin solutions and a micellar solution." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 180, no. 1 (March 1999): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5173(98)00403-7.

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Soh, Soon Hong, and Lai Yeng Lee. "Microencapsulation and Nanoencapsulation Using Supercritical Fluid (SCF) Techniques." Pharmaceutics 11, no. 1 (January 5, 2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11010021.

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The unique properties of supercritical fluids, in particular supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2), provide numerous opportunities for the development of processes for pharmaceutical applications. One of the potential applications for pharmaceuticals includes microencapsulation and nanoencapsulation for drug delivery purposes. Supercritical CO2 processes allow the design and control of particle size, as well as drug loading by utilizing the tunable properties of supercritical CO2 at different operating conditions (flow ratio, temperature, pressures, etc.). This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the processes and techniques using supercritical fluid processing based on the supercritical properties, the role of supercritical carbon dioxide during the process, and the mechanism of formulation production for each process discussed. The considerations for equipment configurations to achieve the various processes described and the mechanisms behind the representative processes such as RESS (rapid expansion of supercritical solutions), SAS (supercritical antisolvent), SFEE (supercritical fluid extraction of emulsions), PGSS (particles from gas-saturated solutions), drying, and polymer foaming will be explained via schematic representation. More recent developments such as fluidized bed coating using supercritical CO2 as the fluidizing and drying medium, the supercritical CO2 spray drying of aqueous solutions, as well as the production of microporous drug releasing devices via foaming, will be highlighted in this review. Development and strategies to control and optimize the particle morphology, drug loading, and yield from the major processes will also be discussed.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pharmaceutical Solutions'

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