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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pharmaceutical suspension

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Academic literature on the topic 'Pharmaceutical suspension'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Pharmaceutical suspension"

1

Sahu, Yogesh, Arvind Singh Jadon, Prateek Jain, Bhupendra Singh Thakur, Basant Khare, and Anushree Jain. "An Overview on Recent Advances in Pharmaceutical Suspensions." International Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharma Research 7, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ijmspr.v7i1.54.

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The suspension is a biphasic liquid or semi-solid dosage form where the finely divided insoluble solid drug particles are homogeneously dispersed in a liquid or semi-solid medium. The solid drug particles act here as the dispersed phase and the liquid or the semi-solid as the dispersion medium. The particle diameter in a suspension is usually greater than 0.5 µm. However, it is difficult and also impractical to impose a sharp boundary between the suspensions and the dispersions having finer particles. Suspensions are an important class of pharmaceutical dosage forms. The advantages of suspension dosage forms include effective dispensing of hydrophobic drugs; avoidance of the use of cosolvents; masking of unpleasant taste of certain ingredients; offering resistance to degradation of drugs due to hydrolysis, oxidation or microbial activity; easy swallowing for young or elderly patients; and efficient intramuscular depot therapy. In addition, when compared to solution dosage forms, relatively higher concentration of drugs can be incorporated into suspension products. The present review provides an overview of various aspects of suspensions such as classification of suspensions, theories of suspensions, various suspending agents, formulations aspects of suspensions, stability of suspensions and recent research work that is being carried on suspensions. Keywords: Suspensions, suspending agents, flocculated, Stability.

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Doye, Pakpi, Tanya Mena, and Nilimanka Das. "FORMULATION AND BIO-AVAILABILITY PARAMETERS OF PHARMACEUTICAL SUSPENSION." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research 9, no. 3 (May 5, 2017): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2017.v9i3.18892.

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The suspension is a biphasic liquid or semi-solid dosage form where the finely divided insoluble solid drug particles are homogeneously dispersed in a liquid or semi-solid medium. The solid drug particles act here as the dispersed phase and the liquid or the semi-solid as the dispersion medium. Suspensions contribute to pharmaceutical dosage form development by supplying drugs that are insoluble in all acceptable medium and often distasteful. Suspension translates such drugs into more bio-available form when compared to capsules, tablets, coated tablets, enteric coated tablets and sustained release products. The dosage form is palatable to the patient and many are doing well when applied to the skin or mucous membrane. This particular dosage form is also applied for injecting drugs into the systemic circulation. Therefore, pharmaceutical suspension finds its application through three different routes of administration namely oral, externally applied suspension and injectable one. The success of any dosage form largely depends on formulation parameters and the factors that influence the bioavailability which ultimately dictate the therapeutic success of the formulated dosage form. Hence, it is obvious to discuss the formulation parameters and the factors influencing bioavailability of suspension for the therapeutic success of it.

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Jackson, Remonica, Paul Lewis, and Stacy D. Brown. "Comparative Stability of Compounded Omeprazole Suspension Versus Commercial Omeprazole Kit When Stored in Oral Syringes Under Refrigerated Conditions." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 36, no. 5 (June 26, 2020): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755122520935532.

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Background: Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used to manage gastrointestinal disorders. Special populations may require omeprazole to be given as an oral suspension. Objective: The purpose of this project was to compare the stability of omeprazole in the FIRST kit product to a traditionally compounded omeprazole suspension, when stored in refrigerated unit-dosed syringes. NG tube delivery of the 2 products was also investigated. Methods: Five batches of compounded omeprazole oral suspension and 5 kits of FIRST-Omeprazole were prepared to an initial concentration of 2 mg/mL. Suspensions were aliquoted into 5-mL doses in clear plastic oral syringes, and stored at 2-8 °C. Syringes from each batch were analyzed at baseline and after 7, 14, 21, and 30 days for omeprazole potency using HPLC. To assess suitability for NG tube administration, 20 mL of each suspension were administered through NG tubes (8Fr, 10Fr, and 18Fr), and percent omeprazole recovery assessed. Results: The chemical potency remained within 90-110% for 14 days and 30 days for compounded samples and FIRST-Omeprazole samples, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in initial concentration; 1.89 mg/mL versus 1.98 mg/mL for compounded and FIRST-Omeprazole, respectively. After 30 days, FIRST-Omeprazole demonstrated 97.20% API recovery. Neither suspension experienced statistically significant loss of potency following NG tube passage. Conclusion: FIRST-Omeprazole suspension may be stored in refrigerated clear luer-lock oral syringes for 30 days. Traditionally compounded omeprazole suspension should be used within 14 days. Both suspensions are suitable for NG tube administration.

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Mantry, Shubhrajit, Shubham Shinde, Sahil Shaikh, Sumit Joshi, and Ganesh Dama. "Emerging Implementation of Nano-Suspension Technology for Delivery of Poorly Soluble Drug for the Treatment of Helminths Disease." International Journal of Current Research and Review 14, no. 06 (2022): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31782/ijcrr.2022.14607.

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Anthelmintics are medications that are used to treat parasitic worm infections. This comprises flat worms like flukes and tapeworms as well as round worms like nematodes. They are critical for human tropical medicine. Nano-suspensions are one of the many applications of nanotechnology. Nano-suspensions are liquid formulations that feature submicron colloidal dispersion of pharmaceutical active component particles stabilised by surfactants. Nano-suspension technology is a novel and cost-effective method for improving the bioavailability of hydrophobic medicines, particularly those that are poorly soluble in aqueous solutions. Nano-suspensions play a significant role in the development of new medication formulations. High pressure homogenizers, emulsion solvent evaporation, melt emulsification technique, and nanoprecipitation are all used to make nano-suspensions. Particle size, zeta potential, drug content, and in vitro drug dissolution were all examined for the nano-suspensions. Poorly soluble drugs can benefit from nano-suspension technology to improve their stability and bioavailability. The bioavailability of nano-suspension was also tested in mice, which showed that the particle size distribution of nano-suspension was considerably affected by bioavailability. The rate of anthelmintic nano-suspension dissolution was substantially higher than that of raw drug powder. In vivo pharmacokinetic characteristics of nano-suspension indicated a substantial increase in Cmax and AUC(0-t) when compared to pure drug. When compared to pure drug bioavailability, anthelmintic nano-suspension had a greater oral bioavailability.

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Uhumwangho, Michael U., and Ikechukwu Louis Ileje. "Preliminary evaluation of the suspending properties of Brachystegia eurycoma gum on metronidazole suspension." International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 3, no. 11 (October 25, 2014): 328–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v3i11.20727.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the suspending properties of Brachystegia eurycoma gum on metronidazole suspension. The suspending properties of Brachystegia eurycoma gum (family leguminosae) were evaluated comparatively with that of compound tragacanth powder at concentration range of 2.5 10.0%w/v in metronidazole suspension. The following parameters were determined; sedimentation volume (%), viscosity, pH and re-dispersion number. The values obtained were used as basis for comparison of the suspending agents studied. Brachystegia eurycoma and compound tragacanth gums had a pH range between 4.7 to 4.9 and between 3.9 to 4.1 respectively which indicates that they are slightly acidic. Particles suspended with tragacanth gum at concentration ? 7.5%w/w redispersed easily than those formulated with the Brachystegia eurycoma gum at ? 10% w/w. It was observed that with increase in concentration of the gum the viscosity of the suspension increased correspondingly. For instance, at concentration of 2.5%w/w viscosities of the suspensions are 490 poise (Brachystegia eurycoma gum) and 603 poise (compound tragacanth gum) while at concentrations of 7.5%w/w their viscosities were 914 poise (Brachystegia eurycoma gum) and 1709 poise (compound tragacanth gum). There was a direct proportionality between viscosity of the gums at different concentrations and the sedimentation rate of the suspensions, as the viscosity of the gum increases, the rate of sedimentation of the suspension decreases. Brachystegia eurycoma gum at predetermined concentration can be exploited as an alternative excipient in the formulation of pharmaceutical suspensions of insoluble substances.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v3i11.20727 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, October 2014, 3(11): 328-330

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Owusu, Frederick William Akuffo, Mariam El Boakye-Gyasi, Philomena Entsie, Christina Osei-Asare, Ofosua Adi-Dako, Grace Boakye Bosuthe, Esther Antwi-Mensah, and Marcel Tunkumgnen Bayor. "Formulation and Pharmaceutical Assessment of Annona muricata Oral Capsules and Suspension as Antidiarrhea Dosage Forms." Journal of Chemistry 2021 (December 14, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1792437.

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Annona muricata (Annonaceae) is a tropical plant widely known for its edible fruits. Recent scientific studies have confirmed the folkloric use of its seeds as an antidiarrheal agent. This study sought to formulate capsules and suspensions using the ethanolic extract from Annona muricata seeds. The dried ethanolic extract was formulated into granules and subsequently encapsulated. The suspension formulated was assessed for sedimentation rate, sedimentation volume, viscosity, dissolution, drug content, and flow rate, while pharmacopeia tests such as disintegration, dissolution, uniformity of weight, and drug content were carried out on the formulated capsules. The formulated suspension passed the drug content and in vitro release studies. Annona muricata suspension exhibited pseudoplastic flow with good sedimentation rate and sedimentation volume. The formulated capsules passed the in vitro dissolution studies, weight uniformity, disintegration, and drug content tests. The ethanolic extract of Annona muricata seeds was appropriately formulated into standardized solid and liquid oral dosage forms.

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Alayo, Mutiat A., Oluyemisi A. Bamiro, Shittu Esther, Lateef G. Bakre, and Olutayo A. Adeleye. "Evaluation of Basella alba L. Mucilage as a Suspending Agent in Metronidazole Suspension." Jordan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 15, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 428–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35516/jjps.v15i3.418.

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In the quest for natural biodegradable, non-toxic polymers for use as excipients in pharmaceutical formulations, mucilage of Basella alba L (BAM) stem was isolated and evaluated as a suspending agent in metronidazole suspensions at different concentrations (0.5% - 2% w/v) in comparison to tragacanth (TCG) and gelatin gums (GLT). The micromeritic properties of the mucilage powder were determined and the metronidazole suspension was characterized using flow rate, redispersion number, sedimentation volume, viscosity and pH. The degree of flocculation was also determined. BAM powder has good flow property with minimal swelling. The order of flow rate of metronidazole suspension was BAM=TCG>GLT while sedimentation volume ranking was TCG>BAM>GLT. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the redispersion number of BAM and TCG formulations. The viscosities of formulations containing BAM and TCG at concentrations of 0.5%-1.0% w/v were the same. The pH of the suspensions ranged from 5 to 8. The degree of flocculation was in the order GLT>BAM>TCG. From our findings, BAM can be used as an alternative suspending agent in suspension formulation.

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Mengesha, Yohannes, Abdu Tuha, Yimer Seid, and Admassu Assen Adem. "Evaluation of Aloe weloensis (Aloeacea) Mucilages as a Pharmaceutical Suspending Agent." Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2021 (May 19, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6634275.

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Natural polymers, specifically mucilages, have been used as a suspending agent for a long period of time. Natural excipients can serve as an alternative to synthetic products since they are less expensive, less toxic, and devoid of environmental pollution. There are many species of Aloe found in Ethiopia which can be used as a source of mucilage. In this study, mucilage from Aloe weloensis, which is found in Wollo floristic region, was extracted and tested as a suspending agent at different suspending agent concentrations and compared with standard suspending agents (acacia and sodium carboxy methylcellulose (NaCMC)) by formulating zinc oxide suspension. The mucilage obtained from Aloe weloensis leaves has shown comparable suspending agent ability with acacia. The rate of sedimentation and viscosity was higher at 1% and 4% mucilage concentrations than acacia though the difference was not significant ( p > 0.05 ). The suspension was slightly basic and easily dispersible than NaCMC. Suspensions formulated from NaCMC were superior in terms of viscosity and sedimentation volume which was significantly different ( p < 0.05 ) accompanied by lower flow rates than suspensions formulated from acacia and Aloe weloensis mucilages. The results suggested that Aloe weloensis mucilage could be used as an alternative suspending agent.

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&NA;. "Megestrol Acetate NCD Oral Suspension ??? Par Pharmaceutical." Drugs in R & D 8, no. 4 (2007): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00126839-200708040-00005.

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&NA;. "Megestrol Acetate NCD Oral Suspension – Par Pharmaceutical." Drugs in R & D 8, no. 6 (2007): 403–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00126839-200708060-00009.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pharmaceutical suspension"

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Morrison, J. T., James Thigpen, Ralph A. Lugo, and Stacy D. Brown. "Stability of Lansoprazole in Oral Suspension." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5294.

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Crosby, Jesse, and Stacy D. Brown. "Stability of Compounded Trilostane Suspension in Cod Liver Oil." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5313.

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Trilostane is a synthetic steroid analog used to treat canine hyperadrenocorticism. For small dogs, the dose found in commercially available dosage forms of trilostane is sometimes too high. Compounding trilostane in a liquid diluent provides an option for more precise dosing and adjustments, and can be easier to administer, versus a tablet or capsule. Trilostane suspends well in cod liver oil, which is generally palatable to dogs. The stability of a compounded trilostane suspension in cod liver oil stored at room temperature was investigated for 90 days. Compounded trilostane retained stability, defined as maintaining 90–105% labeled value, for 60 days when stored in amber glass bottles. However, drug potency fell >10% below the labeled value when stored in amber plastic bottles after 7 days.

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Brown, Stacy, Jessica Huffman, Amanda Ogle, and Paul Lewis. "Stability of Compounded Pyrimethamine Oral Suspension Stored at Room and Refrigerated Temperature." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5270.

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Ali, Shazia. "The adsorption characteristics of the poloxamer surfactants on model hydrophic drugs in suspension systems." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272211.

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Lewis, Paul O., David B. Cluck, Jessica D. Huffman, Amanda P. Ogle, and Stacy D. Brown. "Stability of a Pyrimethamine Suspension Compounded from Bulk Powder." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://doi.org/10.2146/ajhp160551.

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Purpose:Development of a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for pyrimethamine analysis, with subsequent application of that method to assess the 90-day stability of a pyrimethamine suspension compounded from bulk USP-grade pyrimethamine powder, is described. Methods:A stability-indicating method of HPLC with ultraviolet detection specific to pyrimethamine was developed according to pharmacopeial recommendations and validated. The method was applied to investigate the stability of a 2-mg/mL pyrimethamine suspension in a vehicle consisting of Ora-Plus and Ora-Sweet (Perrigo) over a period of 90 days. Three replicate test preparations were stored at room temperature or refrigerated at 4.3–5.2 °C, and samples were analyzed in duplicate immediately after preparation and on study days 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21, 30, 48, 60, 75, and 90. Results:The 2-mg/mL suspension of pyrimethamine in Ora-Plus and Ora-Sweet retained 90–110% of the labeled potency to 90 days at both temperature ranges. However, color changes in the samples stored at room temperature observed at day 60 indicated that a beyond-use date less than 90 days from the preparation date should be specified when the suspension is to be stored at room temperature. Conclusion:The study demonstrated that USP-grade pyrimethamine powder can be formulated as a 2-mg/mL suspension in a vehicle of Ora-Plus and Ora-Sweet and is stable when stored at room temperature and when refrigerated, in amber plastic bottles, for 48 and 90 days, respectively.

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Jackson, Remonica, Stacy D. Brown, and Paul Lewis. "Comparative Stability of Compounded Omeprazole Suspension Versus Commercial Omeprazole Kit When Stored in Oral Syringes Under Refrigerated Conditions." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7847.

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Purpose:Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) used in the treatment of gastrointestinal conditions, such as gastrointestinal esophageal reflux disease (GERD). Omeprazole is often prepared as an oral suspension to accommodate certain patients. Historically, oral suspensions of omeprazole were prepared using pharmaceutical compounding with sodium bicarbonate, but a kit for preparation of omeprazole oral suspension is available, FIRST® - Omeprazole. The purpose of this project is to compare the stability of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), omeprazole, in the FIRST® kit product to a traditionally compounded omeprazole suspension, when stored in refrigerated unit-dosed syringes. Methods: Five 100-mL batches of compounded omeprazole oral suspension (2 mg/mL) and five 300-mL kits of FIRST® - Omeprazole were prepared by a licensed pharmacist, and aliquoted into 5-mL doses in clear luer-lock plastic oral syringes, and stored at refrigerated temperature (2-8oC). Omeprazole concentration was assessed in each batch/kit on the day of preparation. Triplicate syringes from each batch/kit (n = 15 per test group per day) were removed after 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 30 days of refrigerated storage. Samples were diluted to assay concentration (1 mg/mL) in ion-free water and filtered using a 0.22-micron microcentrifuge filter tube. Samples were analyzed for omeprazole recovery using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) method. Recovery was quantitatively assessed by comparing sample peak area to a freshly prepared calibration curve (1 – 0.125 mg/mL) using United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) reference standard on each day of sampling. Refrigerator temperatures were recorded daily using a digital thermometer. Results:Stability was defined as recovery of 90 - 110% of initial concentration of API. For the FIRST® - Omeprazole samples, the chemical potency remained within this window for the entire study period of 30 days. The compounded omeprazole suspension demonstrated a less than 90% average recovery at the day 21 sample. Furthermore, a statistically significant difference in the initial concentration was detected on the day of compounding (p = 0.0244), with the compounded omeprazole starting at 1.89 ± 0.10 mg/mL and the FIRST® - Omeprazole at 1.98 ± 0.04 mg/mL. After 30 days, the compounded omeprazole suspension had an 89.13% average API recovery (standard deviation; ± 5.17%) and the FIRST® - Omeprazole 97.20% API recovery (± 3.59%). Conclusion:Both traditionally compounded omeprazole suspension (2mg/mL) and FIRST® - Omeprazole suspension (2mg/mL) may be stored in clear luer-lock oral syringes under refrigeration for 14 days, and retain potency between 90 to 110% based on initial concentration. Furthermore, the FIRST® - Omeprazole suspension can be stored for the duration of the product’s beyond-use date of 30 days and retain potency between 90 to 110% of initial concentration or label claim. Finally, the data suggest that API concentration in FIRST® - Omeprazole suspension is more consistent from batch to batch than traditionally compounded omeprazole suspension.

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Sheth, Poonam. "Theoretical and Experimental Behavior of Suspension Pressurized Metered Dose Inhalers." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/325231.

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Pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) are widely utilized to manage diseases of the lungs, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. They can be formulated such that the drug and/or nonvolatile excipients are dissolved or dispersed in the formulation, rendering a solution or suspension formulation, respectively. While the formulation process for solution pMDIs is well defined, the formulation process of pMDIs with any type of suspended entity can be lengthy and empirical. The use of suspended drug or the addition of a second drug or excipient in a suspension pMDI formulation may non-linearly impact the product performance of the drug of interest in the formulation; this requires iterative testing of a series of pMDIs in order to identify a formulation with the most potential for success. One of the primary attributes used to characterize the product performance and quality control of inhaled medications is the residual aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD) of the aerosolized drug. Along with clinical factors, formulation and device parameters have a significant impact on APSD. In this study, a computational model was developed using the principles of statistics and physical chemistry to predict the residual APSD generated by suspension pMDIs based on formulation, device, and raw drug or excipient substance considerations. The formulations modeled and experimentally evaluated consist of a suspended drug or excipient with/without a dissolved drug or excipient in a cosolvent-propellant system. The in silico model enables modeling a process that is difficult to delineate experimentally and contributes to understanding the link between pMDI formulation and device to product performance. The ability to identify and understand the variables that affect atomization and/or aerosol disposition , such as initial droplet size, suspended micronized drug or excipient size, and drug or excipient concentration, facilitates defining the design space for suspension pMDIs during development and improves recognizing the sensitive of the APSD is on each hardware and formulation variable. This model can later be applied to limit batch-to-batch variation in the manufacturing process and selecting plausible suspension pMDI formulations with quality design as the end goal.

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Brown, Stacy D., Justin D. Connor, Nicholas C. Smallwood, and Ralph A. Lugo. "Quantification of Lansoprazole in Oral Suspension by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Hybrid Ion-Trap Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5308.

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An LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated to be used as a stability indicating assay for the study of a 3 mg/mL lansoprazole oral suspension. The method utilizes a UPLC (ultra-performance liquid chromatography) column and unique mass spectrometric detection (ion-trap time-of-flight (IT-TOF)) to achieve a sensitive (LOD 2 ng/mL), accurate, and reproducible quantification of lansoprazole. This method reports an intraday and interday coefficient of variation of 2.98 ± 2.17% ( for each concentration for each day) and 3.07 ± 0.89% ( for each concentration), respectively. Calibration curves (5–25 μg/mL) were found to be linear with an value ranging from 0.9972 to 0.9991 on 4 different days. Accuracy of the assay, expressed as % error, ranged from 0.30 to 5.22%. This method is useful for monitoring the stability of lansoprazole in oral suspension.

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Gu, Alice. "Development of a Cucurbituril Suspension-Based Dosage Formulation and its Ability to Taste Mask Paracetamol." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/25943.

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Medication non-adherence as a result of aversion to the bitter taste of active pharmaceutical ingredients and/or an inability to swallow solid dosage forms presents a challenge to the optimal use of medicines. The aims of this study were to examine the interactions of cucurbit[n]urils (CB[n]; n = 6, 7, 8) with paracetamol, and CB[7] with common pharmaceutical excipients, to design an effective oral suspension dosage formulation with CB[n]s as a potential taste masking excipient, and to assess the ability of CB[7] to reduce the bitter taste of paracetamol in rats. 1H NMR spectrometry was used to investigate the ability of CB[6], CB[7], and CB[8] to form host‒guest complexes with paracetamol, and interactions between CB[7] and common pharmaceutical excipients. Cucurbit[7]uril was able to form host‒guest complexes with paracetamol, but there was no binding between paracetamol and CB[6] and CB[8] most likely due to the salt (NaCl) used to dissolve the macrocycles. The only excipient found to interact with CB[7] was sodium propionate. a pharmaceutical suspension formulation based on CB[6] was designed to create a uniform product that was syringeable, easy to suspend and resuspend, and did not cake upon standing. The most stable formulation contained: CB[6] (171 mg/mL), propylene glycol (10–20% w/v), xanthan gum (0.05–0.1% w/v), potassium sorbate (0.2% w/v), sodium metabisulfite (0.25–0.5% w/v), and the dosage formulation made to volume using carboxymethyl cellulose (low viscosity) 1%–1.5% w/v. From the taste masking experiments, it was found that CB[7] was not effective in reducing the bitter taste of paracetamol, as the rats had a significantly lower preference for samples containing CB[7] and paracetamol compared with samples containing paracetamol alone.

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Morrison, Jordan T., Ralph A. Lugo, Jim C. Thigpen, and Stacy D. Brown. "Stability of Extemporaneously Prepared Lansoprazole Suspension at Two Temperatures." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5315.

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OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the stability of a generic lansoprazole product in a 3 mg/mL sodium bicarbonate suspension under room temperature and refrigerated conditions. METHODS Lansoprazole suspensions (3 mg/mL) were prepared in triplicate using an 8.4% sodium bicarbonate vehicle for each storage condition (room temperature and refrigerated). During 1 month, samples from each replicate were periodically removed and analyzed for lansoprazole concentration by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Each sample was spiked with 10 mg/L omeprazole to serve as the internal standard. A positive electrospray LC-MS/MS method was validated over the calibration range of 5 to 25 mg/L using Food and Drug Administration Guidance. The identities of the analyte and internal standard in the samples were verified by monitoring the MS/MS transitions of m/z 370 to m/z 252 and m/z 346 to m/z 198 for lansoprazole and omeprazole, respectively. Additionally, the pH of the suspensions was monitored throughout the study. RESULTS The stability of lansoprazole in the oral sodium bicarbonate suspension under refrigeration is compromised prior to what has been previously reported in the literature. Samples kept at room temperature lost >10% of the lansoprazole after 48 hours compared with the refrigerated samples, which maintained integrity up to 7 days. No statistically significant difference was found between the pH of the room temperature and refrigerated suspension samples, indicating that this factor is not the cause for the differences in stability at these two conditions. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the extemporaneously compounded lansoprazole oral suspension prepared in 8.4% sodium bicarbonate should not be stored in plastic oral syringes longer than 48 hours at room temperature and no longer than 7 days when refrigerated. These data indicate an expiration time earlier than that previously reported for the refrigerated product (14 days).

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Books on the topic "Pharmaceutical suspension"

1

Kulshreshtha, Alok K., Onkar N. Singh, and G. Michael Wall, eds. Pharmaceutical Suspensions. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1087-5.

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Wall, G. Michael, Alok K. Kulshreshtha, and Onkar N. Singh. Pharmaceutical suspensions: From formulation development to manufacturing. New York: Springer, 2010.

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New Jersey. Legislature. Senate. State Government Committee. Public hearing before Senate State Government Committee: The one-month suspension of premium payments by participating municipal and county governments, school districts, and other public agencies to the State Health Benefits Program. Trenton, N.J: The Committee, 1992.

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author, Soo-Hoo Winson, Erush Sarah C. author, Amiri Elham author, and American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, eds. Handbook of extemporaneous formulations: Extemporaneous formulations for pediatric, geriatric, and special needs patients. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc., 2016.

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Winson, Soo-Hoo, Erush Sarah C, and American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, eds. Extemporaneous formulations for pediatric, geriatric, and special needs patients. 2nd ed. Bethesda, Md: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 2010.

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Marek, Fedyszak, ed. Król odszkodowań. Warszawa: Albatros A. Kuryłowicz, 2013.

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Copyright Paperback Collection (Library of Congress), ed. The king of torts. New York: Dell, 2004.

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The king of torts. London: Arrow, 2011.

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The king of torts. New York: Doubleday, 2003.

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Grisham, John. The king of torts (large print). New York: Random House Large Print, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pharmaceutical suspension"

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Rawle, Alan F. "Analytical Tools for Suspension Characterization." In Pharmaceutical Suspensions, 177–230. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1087-5_6.

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Ali, Yusuf, Akio Kimura, Martin J. Coffey, and Praveen Tyle. "Pharmaceutical Development of Suspension Dosage Form." In Pharmaceutical Suspensions, 103–26. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1087-5_4.

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Wall, G. Michael, and Terry K. Wiernas. "Clinical Trials of Suspension Drug Products." In Pharmaceutical Suspensions, 231–43. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1087-5_7.

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Jones, David M. "Solution and Suspension Layering." In Pharmaceutical Pelletization Technology, 145–64. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003066231-7.

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Schiermeyer, Andreas, Simone Dorfmüller, and Helga Schinkel. "Production of Pharmaceutical Proteins in Plants and Plant Cell Suspension Cultures." In Molecular Farming, 91–112. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527603638.ch7.

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Manoharan, Chandrasekar, Ashwin Basarkar, and Jagdish Singh. "Various Pharmaceutical Disperse Systems." In Pharmaceutical Suspensions, 1–37. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1087-5_1.

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Verma, Sudhir, and Diane Burgess. "Solid Nanosuspensions: The Emerging Technology and Pharmaceutical Applications as Nanomedicine." In Pharmaceutical Suspensions, 285–318. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1087-5_10.

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Nutan, Mohammad T. H., and Indra K. Reddy. "General Principles of Suspensions." In Pharmaceutical Suspensions, 39–65. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1087-5_2.

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Moreton, R. Christian. "Commonly Used Excipients in Pharmaceutical Suspensions." In Pharmaceutical Suspensions, 67–102. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1087-5_3.

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Garad, Sudhakar, Jianling Wang, Yatindra Joshi, and Riccardo Panicucci. "Preclinical Development for Suspensions." In Pharmaceutical Suspensions, 127–76. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1087-5_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pharmaceutical suspension"

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Keramati, Hadi, Mohammad Zabetian, Mohammad Hassan Saidi, and Ali Asghar Mozafari. "Experimental Characterization of Stabilized Suspensions Caused by Formation of Nanoparticle Halos." In ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2014-21748.

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Suspension flow has an important role in various applications such as paint, material and pharmaceutical industries. Settling is considered as a resisting phenomenon in the processes dealing with suspensions. Using nanoparticles as an additive to micro-particulates has been studied in limited studies. This work presents an experimental investigation to assess the effectiveness of nanoparticles in reduction of suspension settling. Microscopic imaging and transmission measurement were used to analyze the stability factors in a container. Transmission analysis revealed that presence of nanoparticles in the suspension, decreased the sedimentation rate. Microscopy showed that the settling rate decreased after adding nanoparticles. This is attributed to the repulsive forces between microparticles caused by the halos of nanoparticle. Highly charged nanoparticles segregate to region near negligibly charged microspheres because of their repulsive Coulombic interactions. Therefore, microparticles exhibit an effective charge in presence of nanoparticles. Obtained results indicate that the nanoparticles with appropriate volume fraction can stabilize suspension of microparticles and can successfully minimize the settling rate. Proposed technique can be also implemented in other applications such as heat pipes and heat transfer devices.

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Malizia, Andrea, Riccardo Rossi, Luigi Antonio Poggi, Jean Francois Ciparisse, and Pasqualino Gaudio. "Imaging to study dust re-suspension phenomena in case of loss of vacuum accidents inside the pharmaceutical industries." In 2017 Global Internet of Things Summit (GIoTS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/giots.2017.8016225.

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Al Zaitone, Belal. "Drying kinetics of cellulose nanofibers suspensions." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7475.

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Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) is used in various pharmaceutical applications due to its unique characteristics i.e., biodegradability, mechanical and biological properties. CNF is often produced by spray drying process, knowledge of the drying kinetics in terms of mass and heat transfer on the scale of single droplet is important for process development and model validation. Acoustic levitator was used to study drying process of CNF suspension at different air temperatures and initial CNF concentrations. The unique property of acoustic levitation to hold single droplet contactless in the air, enables to study particle morphology during drying process, calculate evaporation rate and estimate particle porosity. Results show that packed particles result at lower initial concentration and temperature has a moderate influence on mean porosity of CNF dried particles. Keywords: acoustic levitation; droplet; drying kinetics; Cellulose Nanofibers

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Balawajder, Peter, Jeffrey Steward, Alfonso Ortega, Joe D’Silva, Anne Moore, and Luis Silva. "Investigation of a Novel Process for Wet Milling a Pharmaceutical Tablet in a Dynamically Rotating Water-Filled Dosage Cup." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-10669.

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The most common commercial pharmaceutical dosage forms are tablets and capsules, but unfortunately these forms may not be suitable for sub-groups, such as very ill children and elderly patients and those experiencing trauma and involved in surgery. Many of these patients have difficulty in swallowing a solid dosage form. For these groups, the general practice is to use equipment such as the age-old mortar and pestle to pulverize the tablet, transfer the powder to a container and then make a liquid suspension by addition of water. This process consists of two unit processes: dry grinding followed by creation of a water suspension. This paper reports on the evaluation of a novel wet milling method for performing these unit operations in a single water-filled dosage cup. The basic concept is that the partially water-filled cup is rotated or spun about its axis to produce relative motion between the tablet and the cup surfaces. The cup surfaces are textured so that material is abraded from the tablet when it strikes the cup walls. The complex water motion assists in “softening” the tablet, abrading particulates from its surface, and producing a fine aqueous suspension. Experimental investigations were performed on two concepts. The first method utilized intermittent single axis cup rotation to produce relative motion between the tablet and cup surfaces. The second concept involved rotating the spinning cup on a rotating arm and also about its own axis. The centrifugal force of the arm rotation pressed the tablet against the spinning cup wall, thereby increasing the shearing force. The efficiency of both methods was investigated analytically and experimentally. The effects of rotation rates, intermittent duty cycles, and water fill volumes were examined and compared.

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Almeida, Ekmagage Don N., Leela Rakesh, Stanley Hirschi, and Anja Mueller. "Solution Rheology of Saline and Polysaccharide Systems." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-15906.

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The problem of the characterization of the solution properties of water soluble polymers is long-standing. These polymers tend to form aggregated supramolecular gels that are resistant to molecular dispersion. These materials are being widely used in a variety of industrial applications. Their principle functions are as rheological modifiers, where they thicken or gel solutions in products such as hair-care, detergents, air fresheners and foods; as flocculants for particle separation as applied to water clarification, sewage, and effluent treatment, and as stabilizers to control the properties of concentrated suspension and emulsions, for example in paints, pesticides, dyes, and pharmaceutical industries. Therefore it is important to understand their rheological properties under various operating conditions such as stress, strain, temperature etc, which will induce gelation. The rheological properties of starch gels of high concentration (up to 86% starch) have been investigated before [1]. In this paper we have investigated experimentally the shear viscosity and viscoelasticity properties of saline and polysaccharide suspensions at various low concentrations and pH at different temperatures using controlled stress and strain rheometers (Vilastic-3 and AR 2000). The data were then fitted with the power law and Cross model for low and higher concentrations respectively. The present results show that the viscosity/elasticity does not significantly change for low concentrations at different pH values. The maximum viscosity/elasticity was obtained around pH 5-7.4 at higher concentrations.

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Bittorf, Kevin J. "Applying the Galerkin Least Squares Finite Element Method for Solving Stirred Tank Velocity Fields." In ASME 2002 Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Division Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2002-31361.

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The Galerkin Least Squares finite element solver, in conjunction with the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence closure model, is used to solve the RANS based equations for flow fields in stirred tank reactors. This GLS finite element method is well established in the aerospace industry and presently is being validated for flow fields used in industrial processes that are commonly found in the pharmaceutical, chemical, food, and personal products industries. The CFD results, computed in the commercial package ORCA, compared well with experimental data attained for the dominating macro flow structures in an axial and radial impeller stirred tanks. The CFD quantitatively predicts the two and three-dimensional wall jet structures that govern the bulk flow in a stirred tank and are responsible for blending, solid suspension, and macro-flow. This area of experimentation provides an initial basis for CFD validation for bulk flows in stirred tank reactors.

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Thommes, Markus, Herman Offerhaus, Martin Jurna, and Elena Reitz. "Preliminary Assesments of Solid Crystal Suspensions Using Nonlinearmicroscopy." In The 1st Electronic Conference on Pharmaceutical Sciences. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecps2011-00507.

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Bilgili, Ecevit, Gulenay Guner, Manisha Kannan, Matthew Berrios, and Nathaniel Parker. "A Novel Intensification Strategy for Wet Media Milling of Drug Suspensions: Bead Mixtures." In The 1st International Electronic Conference on Pharmaceutics. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecp2020-08687.

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Mitrović, Jelena, Miroslav Savić, and Snežana Savić. "Nano-crystalline suspensions of novel pyrazoloquinolinones ligand (DK-I-56-1)." In II. Symposium of Young Researchers on Pharmaceutical Technology,Biotechnology and Regulatory Science. Szeged: Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/syrptbrs.2020.op30.

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Herna´ndez, Franz H., Armando J. Blanco, and Luis Rojas-Solo´rzano. "CFD Modeling of Slurry Flows in Horizontal Pipes." In ASME 2008 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the Heat Transfer, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2008-55103.

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Liquid-solid two-phase flows are found in numerous operations in the chemical, petroleum, pharmaceutical and many other industries. In numerous cases, the mixture or slurry that flows is composed by a suspension of solid particles (dispersed phase) transported by a liquid (continuum phase). However, the large number and range of variables encountered in slurry flows, in the case of pipelines, cause the flow behavior of these slurry systems to vary over a wide range of conditions, and consequently, different approaches have been used to describe the behavior of different flow regimes. Therefore, there are numerous studies of particular cases that cover limited ranges of conditions. In consequence, the experimental approach is necessarily limited by geometric and physical scale factors. For these reasons, Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD, constitutes an ideal technique for predicting the general flow behavior of these systems. CFD models in this area can be divided in two different classes: Eulerian-Eulerian and Lagrangian-Eulerian models. Differences between these models are related to the way the solid phase flow is represented. Lagrangian-Eulerian models calculate the path and motion of each particle, while Eulerian-Eulerian models treat the particle phase as a continuum and average out motion on the scale of individual particles. This work focuses on the Eulerian-Eulerian approach for modeling the flow of a mixture of sand particles and water in a horizontal pipe. Homogeneous and heterogeneous flow regimes are considered. The k-ε model was used for modeling turbulent effects. Additionally, closure of solid-phase momentum equations requires a description for the solid-phase stress. Constitutive relations for the solid-phase stress considering the inelastic nature of particle collisions based on the Gas Kinetic Theory concepts have been used. Governing equations are solved numerically using the control volume-based finite element method. An unstructured non-uniform grid was chosen to discretize the entire computational domain. A second-order scheme in space and time was used. Numerical solutions in fully developed turbulent flow were found. Results show that flow predictions are very sensitive to the restitution coefficient and pseudo-viscosity of the solid phase. The mean pressure gradients from numerical solutions were compared with results obtained using the correlations of Einstein, Thomas and Krieger for homogeneous cases and with experimental data found in the open literature for heterogeneous cases. The solutions were found to be in good agreement with both correlations and experimental data. In addition, these numerical results were closer to experimental data than results obtained using other numerical models.

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