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Journal articles on the topic 'Pharmaceutically active compounds'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 June 2025

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1

Li, Z. H., and T. Randak. "Residual pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in aquatic environment – status, toxicity and kinetics: a review." Veterinární Medicína 54, No. 7 (2009): 295–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/97/2009-vetmed.

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Awareness of residual pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in aquatic ecosystems is growing as research into these pollutants increases and analytical detection techniques improve. For most pharmaceuticals analyzed, the effects on aquatic organisms have usually been investigated by toxic assays in the laboratory. However, little is known about integral analysis of pharmacokinetics in aquatic organisms and specific relations between pharmacokinetic parameters and influence factors. Moreover, the influence of the organisms involved and numerous other external factors complicates development of standard tests for environmental evaluation. Current knowledge about residual pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment, including status, toxic effects, and pharmacokinetics in aquatic organisms, are reviewed. Based on the above, we identify major gaps in the current knowledge and some directions for future research, such as improvement of techniques to remove residual pharmaceuticals from wastewater, and the establishment of standard pharmaceutical modes of action.

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2

Luo, Qiao, Jing Wang, JianHui Wang, et al. "Fate and Occurrence of Pharmaceutically Active Organic Compounds during Typical Pharmaceutical Wastewater Treatment." Journal of Chemistry 2019 (April 8, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2674852.

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The chemical composition, distribution, and fate of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) present in typical pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants were investigated with the aim of effectively removing these pollutants while minimizing waste of resources and energy. The results of this study indicate that the relative content of an organic compound class is unrelated to the number of organic compounds in the influent and effluent, yet it is directly proportional to the pollution contribution in pharmaceutical wastewater. In wastewater influent, the organic compound classes with the highest relative contents and pollution contributions were acids (relative content = 63.65%, contribution to pollution = 67.22%), esters (44.96%, 41.24%), and heterocyclic compounds (30.24%, 35.23%); in wastewater effluent, these classes were organic acids (62.54%, 65.13%), esters (52.66%, 59.02%), and organosilicon compounds (42.46%, 37.45%). The different physicochemical characteristics of these pollutants result in different removal efficiencies. For example, N,N-dimethylformamide, 4-methyloctane, N-ethylmorpholine, and 4-amino-N,N- and N,N-diethylbenzamide are refractory and are not degraded by microorganisms; thus, these compounds are discharged into the aquatic environment. Other organic compound classes including organosilicon compounds, acids, esters, heterocycles, and alcohols are mostly biodegraded, which leads to high concentrations of hydrocarbons in the wastewater effluent. The results of this study provide a foundation for the improvement of pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.

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3

Lopez-Munoz, Maria Jose, Arcadio Sotto, and Jesus M. Arsuaga. "Nanofiltration removal of pharmaceutically active compounds." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 42 (2012): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2012.2473.

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4

López-Muñoz, María José, Arcadio Sotto, and Jesús M. Arsuaga. "Nanofiltration removal of pharmaceutically active compounds." Desalination and Water Treatment 42, no. 1-3 (2012): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2012.683099.

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5

Ihos, Monica, Corneliu Bogatu, Carmen Lazau, Florica Manea, and Rodica Pode. "Pharmaceutically Active Compounds Degradation Using Doped TiO2 Functionalized Zeolite Photocatalyst." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 1 (2018): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.1.6040.

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The aim of this study was the investigation of photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceutically active compounds using doped TiO2 functionalized zeolite photocatalyst. Diclofenac (DCF), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, that represents a biorefractory micropollutant, was chosen as model of pharmaceutically active compound. The photocatalyst was Z-TiO2-Ag. The concentration of DCF in the working solutions was 10 mg/L,50 mg/L,100 mg/L and 200 mg/L and of photocatalyst 1 g/L in any experiments. The process was monitored by recording the UV spectra of the treated solutions and total organic carbon (TOC) determination. The UV spectra analysis and TOC removal proved that along the advanced degradation of DCF also a mineralization process occurred. The carried out research provided useful information envisaging the treatment of pharmaceutical effluents by photocatalysis.

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6

Rahman, Habibur. "Analytical Applications of Permanganate as an Oxidant in the Determination of Pharmaceuticals Using Chemiluminescence and Spectrophotometry: A Review." Current Analytical Chemistry 16, no. 6 (2020): 670–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411015666190617103833.

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Background: Potassium permanganate is a green and versatile industrial oxidizing agent. Due to its high oxidizing ability, it has received considerable attention and has been extensively used for many years for the synthesis, identification, and determination of inorganic and organic compounds. Objective: Potassium permanganate is one of the most applicable oxidants, which has been applied in a number of processes in several industries. Furthermore, it has been widely used in analytical pharmacy to develop analytical methods for pharmaceutically active compounds using chemiluminescence and spectrophotometric techniques. Results: This review covers the importance of potassium permanganate over other common oxidants used in pharmaceuticals and reported its extensive use and analytical applications using direct, indirect and kinetic spectrophotometric methods in different pharmaceutical formulations and biological samples. Chemiluminescent applications of potassium permanganate in the analyses of pharmaceuticals using flow and sequential injection techniques are also discussed. Conclusion: This review summarizes the extensive use of potassium permanganate as a chromogenic and chemiluminescent reagent in the analyses of pharmaceutically active compounds to develop spectrophotometric and chemiluminescence methods since 2000.

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7

Ayman, Zeynep, and Mustafa Işık. "Pharmaceutically active compounds in water, Aksaray, Turkey." CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water 43, no. 10 (2015): 1381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/clen.201300877.

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8

Comerton, Anna M., Robert C. Andrews, David M. Bagley, and Paul Yang. "Membrane adsorption of endocrine disrupting compounds and pharmaceutically active compounds." Journal of Membrane Science 303, no. 1-2 (2007): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2007.07.025.

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9

Tootchi, L., R. Seth, S. Tabe, and P. Yang. "Transformation products of pharmaceutically active compounds during drinking water ozonation." Water Supply 13, no. 6 (2013): 1576–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.172.

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Ozonation and ozone-based advanced oxidation processes have been shown to be effective in the oxidation of several pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) routinely detected in surface waters. Under typical operating conditions of these processes, most of the parent compound oxidized is expected to lead to the formation of transformation products (TPs). For a target ozone exposure, the resulting hydroxyl radical exposure depends on the water matrix or process chosen (e.g. peroxone) which in turn may influence the degradation pathway and the TPs formed. This study was undertaken to examine the expected impact that varying ozone and hydroxyl radical exposures may have on TP formation from the oxidation of PhACs during typical drinking water ozonation. Two representative PhACs were selected for the study. Carbamazepine was chosen to represent PhACs with a fast reaction rate with ozone (kO3 > 104 M−1 s−1) and bezafibrate was chosen to represent PhACs with a slow to moderate reaction rate with ozone (kO3 < 104 M−1 s−1). The results show that under varying ozone and hydroxyl exposure scenarios examined, the major oxidation pathway for the parent compound was dominated by reaction with ozone for carbamazepine while for bezafibrate it varied.

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10

Azizan, N. A. Z., A. Yuzir, F. F. Al-Qaim, and N. Abdullah. "Anaerobic Treatment Performance in Presence of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 479 (July 14, 2020): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/479/1/012029.

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11

Suárez, S., M. Ramil, F. Omil, and J. M. Lema. "Removal of pharmaceutically active compounds in nitrifying–denitrifying plants." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 8 (2005): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0214.

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The behaviour of nine pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) of different diagnostic groups is studied during a nitrifying–denitrifying process in an activated sludge system. The compounds selected cover a wide range of frequently used substances such as anti-epileptics (carbamazepine), tranquillisers (diazepam), anti-depressants (fluoxetine and citalopram), anti-inflammatories (ibuprofen, naproxen and diclofenac) and estrogens (estradiol and ethinylestradiol). The main objective of this research is to investigate the effect of acclimation of biomass on the removal rates of these compounds, either by maintaining a high sludge retention time or at long-term operation. The removal rates achieved for nitrogen and carbon in the experimental unit exceed 90% and were not affected by the addition of PhACs. Carbamazepine, diazepam and diclofenac were only removed to a small extent. On the other hand, higher removal rates have been observed for naproxen and ibuprofen (68% and 82%), respectively.

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12

Scheytt, Traugott, Petra Mersmann, Marcus Leidig, Asaf Pekdeger, and Thomas Heberer. "Transport of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds in Saturated Laboratory Columns." Ground Water 42, no. 5 (2004): 767–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02730.x.

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13

Nazhakaiti, Pahaerdin, Hirofumi Tsutsui, and Taro Urase. "Aerobic and Anaerobic Biological Degradation of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds in Rice Paddy Soils." Applied Sciences 9, no. 12 (2019): 2505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9122505.

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One of the concerns against the use of sewage sludge for agricultural purposes is emerging contaminants contained in sewage sludge. Most of the studies on biological degradation of pharmaceutically active compounds in agricultural land were carried out with water-unsaturated soils under relatively aerobic conditions. In this study, the degradation of pharmaceuticals mainly including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was investigated in Asian rice paddy soils that are flooded in anaerobic condition. The experimental results showed that the concentrations of the target pharmaceuticals excluding the exception of naproxen were poorly decreased in anaerobic condition. On the other hand, the microbial communities of the soils contained the aerobic degraders of clofibric acid and diclofenac, which are generally persistent in biological wastewater treatment. The higher degradation rates in aerobic condition suggest the possibility of enhanced degradation of pharmaceuticals by supplying oxygen with plowing anaerobic rice fields or with drying the field in off-season for farming.

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14

D'Alessio, Matteo, Bunnie Yoneyama, and Chittaranjan Ray. "Fate of selected pharmaceutically active compounds during simulated riverbank filtration." Science of The Total Environment 505 (February 2015): 615–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.032.

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15

Khan, Usman, and Jim Nicell. "Human Health Relevance of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds in Drinking Water." AAPS Journal 17, no. 3 (2015): 558–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/s12248-015-9729-5.

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16

Gao, W., and Y. Shao. "Freeze concentration for removal of pharmaceutically active compounds in water." Desalination 249, no. 1 (2009): 398–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2008.12.065.

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17

Källström, Sara, and Reko Leino. "Synthesis of pharmaceutically active compounds containing a disubstituted piperidine framework." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 16, no. 2 (2008): 601–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2007.10.018.

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18

Eibes, Gemma, Gianfranco Debernardi, Gumersindo Feijoo, M. Teresa Moreira, and Juan M. Lema. "Oxidation of pharmaceutically active compounds by a ligninolytic fungal peroxidase." Biodegradation 22, no. 3 (2010): 539–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10532-010-9426-0.

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19

Yan, Shuwen, and Weihua Song. "Photo-transformation of pharmaceutically active compounds in the aqueous environment: a review." Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts 16, no. 4 (2014): 697–720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3em00502j.

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20

Rodríguez, Diego F., Francisca Durán-Osorio, Yorley Duarte, et al. "Green by Design: Convergent Synthesis, Computational Analyses, and Activity Evaluation of New FXa Inhibitors Bearing Peptide Triazole Linking Units." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 1 (2021): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14010033.

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Green chemistry implementation has led to promising results in waste reduction in the pharmaceutical industry. However, the early sustainable development of pharmaceutically active compounds and ingredients remains a considerable challenge. Herein, we wish to report a green synthesis of new pharmaceutically active peptide triazoles as potent factor Xa inhibitors, an important drug target associated with the treatment of diverse cardiovascular diseases. The new inhibitors were synthesized in three steps, featuring cycloaddition reactions (high atom economy), microwave-assisted organic synthesis (energy efficiency), and copper nanoparticle catalysis, thus featuring Earth-abundant metals. The molecules obtained showed FXa inhibition, with IC50-values as low as 17.2 μM and no associated cytotoxicity in HEK293 and HeLa cells. These results showcase the environmental potential and chemical implications of the applied methodologies for the development of new molecules with pharmacological potential.

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21

Brenna, D., S. Rossi, F. Cozzi, and M. Benaglia. "Iron catalyzed diastereoselective hydrogenation of chiral imines." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 15, no. 27 (2017): 5685–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ob01123g.

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22

Garcia-Ivars, Jorge, Maria-Isabel Iborra-Clar, Manuele Massella, Carlos Carbonell-Alcaina, and Maria-Isabel Alcaina-Miranda. "Removal of pharmaceutically active compounds by using low-pressure membrane processes." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 69 (2017): 252–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2017.0449.

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23

Schoen, Uw, Bernd hachmeister, Wolfgang Kehrbach, Ulrich Kuehl, and Gerd Buschmann. "Intermediates for synthesizing pharmaceutically active 3, 7-diazabicyclo-(3,3,1)-nonane compounds." General Pharmacology: The Vascular System 19, no. 6 (1988): II. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-3623(88)80034-x.

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24

CAO, Y., Q. CHU, and J. YE. "Chromatographic and electrophoretic methods for pharmaceutically active compounds in Rhododendron dauricum." Journal of Chromatography B 812, no. 1-2 (2004): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1570-0232(04)00549-5.

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25

WOLLER, J., K. SPINDLER, G. SARODNICK, and G. KEMPTER. "ChemInform Abstract: Novel Thienopyridines and Pyrazolopyridines as Potential Pharmaceutically Active Compounds." ChemInform 28, no. 15 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199715158.

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26

He, Yujie, Nora B. Sutton, Yu Lei, Huub H. M. Rijnaarts, and Alette A. M. Langenhoff. "Fate and distribution of pharmaceutically active compounds in mesocosm constructed wetlands." Journal of Hazardous Materials 357 (September 2018): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.05.035.

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27

Maraqa, M. A., M. Meetani, and A. M. Alhalabi. "Effectiveness of conventional wastewater treatment processes in removing pharmaceutically active compounds." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 424 (January 27, 2020): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/424/1/012014.

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28

Camacho-Muñoz, M. D., J. L. Santos, I. Aparicio, and E. Alonso. "Presence of pharmaceutically active compounds in Doñana Park (Spain) main watersheds." Journal of Hazardous Materials 177, no. 1-3 (2010): 1159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.01.030.

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29

Grybinik, Sofiya, Michal Dousa, and Zuzana Bosakova. "Separation of pharmaceutically active compounds by multimodal chromatography with ultraviolet detection." SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 4, no. 6-7 (2021): 228–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sscp.202100010.

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30

Yargeau, Viviane, Antonina Lopata, and Chris Metcalfe. "Pharmaceuticals in the Yamaska River, Quebec, Canada." Water Quality Research Journal 42, no. 4 (2007): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2007.026.

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Abstract Pharmaceutically active compounds have been detected in North America and Europe in groundwater, surface water, wastewater, and drinking water. In the province of Quebec in Canada, there has been little data to assess the occurrence of pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment. In August of 2005, samples of surface water were collected at 10 sites along the Yamaska River basin in Quebec, which passes through important agricultural areas and receives wastewater from several urban centers with populations ranging up to 44,000 residents. Several acidic drugs (naproxen, ibuprofen, gemfibrozil), neutral drugs (caffeine, carbamazepine, cotinine), and the sulfonamide antibiotic sulfamethoxazole were detected in the majority of the surface water samples. The antidepressant fluoxetine (neutral/basic drug) was not detected in any samples, while acetaminophen (acidic drug) was detected at only two sites, and sulfapyridine (sulfonamide antibiotic) was detected at only one site. Sulfamethoxazole and carbamazepine were present at the highest maximum concentrations of 578 ng/L and 106 ng/L, respectively. The concentrations of most of the target pharmaceutically active compounds observed in surface water samples within the watershed were generally consistent with the number of people in urban centers near the sampling sites when compared with other studies in urban watersheds. However, carbamazepine, naproxen, and sulfamethoxazole were present at surprisingly high concentrations for some of the low density areas. Overall, these results demonstrate that pharmaceuticals are distributed in surface waters within a watershed in Quebec at concentrations similar to levels observed in previous studies done in other parts of North America.

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31

Yangali-Quintanilla, V., A. Sadmani, M. McConville, M. Kennedy, and G. Amy. "Rejection of pharmaceutically active compounds and endocrine disrupting compounds by clean and fouled nanofiltration membranes." Water Research 43, no. 9 (2009): 2349–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.02.027.

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32

Thiebault, T., M. Boussafir, R. Guégan, C. Le Milbeau, and L. Le Forestier. "Clayey–sand filter for the removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater effluent: percolation experiments." Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 2, no. 3 (2016): 529–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ew00034g.

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33

Simon, Alexander, William E. Price, and Long D. Nghiem. "Effects of chemical cleaning on the nanofiltration of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs)." Separation and Purification Technology 88 (March 2012): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2011.12.009.

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34

Li, Mei-Hui. "Acute toxicity of 30 pharmaceutically active compounds to freshwater planarians,Dugesia japonica." Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 95, no. 7 (2013): 1157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2013.857671.

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35

Camacho-Muñoz, Dolores, Julia Martín, Juan Luis Santos, Irene Aparicio, and Esteban Alonso. "Concentration evolution of pharmaceutically active compounds in raw urban and industrial wastewater." Chemosphere 111 (September 2014): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.043.

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36

Rakić, Vesna, Vladislav Rac, Marija Krmar, Otman Otman, and Aline Auroux. "The adsorption of pharmaceutically active compounds from aqueous solutions onto activated carbons." Journal of Hazardous Materials 282 (January 2015): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.04.062.

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37

dos Santos, Carolina Rodrigues, Gemima Santos Arcanjo, Lucilaine Valéria de Souza Santos, Konrad Koch, and Míriam Cristina Santos Amaral. "Aquatic concentration and risk assessment of pharmaceutically active compounds in the environment." Environmental Pollution 290 (December 2021): 118049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118049.

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38

Ivanković, Klaudija, Matej Kern, and Marko Rožman. "Modelling of the adsorption of pharmaceutically active compounds on carbon-based nanomaterials." Journal of Hazardous Materials 414 (July 2021): 125554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125554.

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39

Bakhtiary, Alireza, Mohammad Reza Poor Heravi, Akbar Hassanpour, Issa Amini, and Esmail Vessally. "Recent trends in the direct oxyphosphorylation of C–C multiple bonds." RSC Advances 11, no. 1 (2021): 470–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra08074h.

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Due to the wide importance of β-phosphorylated ketones as key building-blocks in the fabrication of various pharmaceutically active organophosphorus compounds, finding new and truly efficient methods for their preparation.

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40

Adamcsik, Bernadett, Enikő Nagy, Béla Urbán, Péter Szabó, Péter Pekker, and Rita Skoda-Földes. "Palladium nanoparticles on a pyridinium supported ionic liquid phase: a recyclable and low-leaching palladium catalyst for aminocarbonylation reactions." RSC Advances 10, no. 40 (2020): 23988–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra03406a.

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SILP catalyst with grafted pyridinium ions was used for either mono- or double carbonylation depending on the reaction conditions. Good recyclability and low palladium loss were observed during the synthesis of pharmaceutically active compounds.

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41

Bihani, Manisha, Pranjal P. Bora, and Ghanashyam Bez. "Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized 4H-Pyrans." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/785930.

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Amberlyst A21 catalyzed one-pot three-component coupling of aldehyde and malononitrile with active methylene compounds such as acetylacetone and ethyl acetoacetate for the synthesis of pharmaceutically important polyfunctionalized 4H-pyrans has been reported. Simple experimental procedure, no chromatographic purification, no hazardous organic solvents, easy recovery and reusability of the catalyst, and room temperature reaction conditions are some of the highlights of this protocol for the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant focused libraries.

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42

de Voogt, P., M. L. Janex-Habibi, F. Sacher, L. Puijker, and M. Mons. "Development of a common priority list of pharmaceuticals relevant for the water cycle." Water Science and Technology 59, no. 1 (2009): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.764.

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Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), including prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, drugs used in hospitals and veterinary drugs, have been found throughout the water cycle. A desk study was initiated by the Global Water Research Coalition to consolidate a uniform selection of such compounds in order to judge risks of PhACs for the water cycle. By identifying major existing prioritization efforts and evaluating the criteria they use, this study yields a representative and qualitative profile (‘umbrella view’) of priority pharmaceuticals based on an extensive set of criteria. This can then be used for further studies on analytical methods, occurrence, treatability and potential risks associated with exposure to PhACs in water supply, identifying compounds most likely to be encountered and that may have significant impact on human health. For practical reasons, the present study excludes veterinary drugs. The pragmatic approach adopted provides an efficient tool to manage risks related to pharmaceuticals and provides assistance for selecting compounds for future studies.

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43

Diemert, Sabrina, and Robert C. Andrews. "The impact of alum coagulation on pharmaceutically active compounds, endocrine disrupting compounds and natural organic matter." Water Supply 13, no. 5 (2013): 1348–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.145.

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This study assessed the impact of chemical coagulation using alum on the removal of three endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs; bisphenol A, clofibric acid and estriol) and nine pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs; acetaminophen, carbamazepine, diclofenac, gemfibrozil, ketoprofen, naproxen, pentoxifylline, sulfamethoxazole and sulfachloropyridazine). The impact on natural organic matter (NOM) fractions as determined using liquid chromatography–organic carbon detection (LC–OCD; total dissolved organic carbon (DOC), hydrophobic DOC, biopolymers, humic substances, building blocks, low molecular weight neutrals and acids) was also examined. Three test surface waters were included: Lake Ontario, Grand River and Otonabee River water (Ontario, Canada). Gemfibrozil concentrations were reduced in both Otonabee and Grand River waters. Reductions were noted for carbamazepine and (inconsistently) for acetaminophen, and estrone appeared to increase in concentration in Grand River water with increasing alum doses. NOM removal was primarily attributed to the humic fraction, with small reductions in biopolymers in all of the waters studied.

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44

Chanda, Tanmoy, and Maya Shankar Singh. "Developments toward the synthesis and application of 3-hydroxyindanones." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 14, no. 38 (2016): 8895–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ob01648k.

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3-Hydroxyindanone is an important scaffold in many natural products, biologically active compounds, and functional materials. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the construction of 3-hydroxyindanone derivatives and their applications towards pharmaceutically promising drug candidates.

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45

Tănase, Constantin I., Constantin Drăghici, Anamaria Hanganu, et al. "1′-Homocarbocyclic Nucleoside Analogs with an Optically Active Substituted Bicyclo[2.2.1]Heptane Scaffold." Chemistry Proceedings 3, no. 1 (2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-24-08367.

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An optically active bicyclo[2.2.0]heptane fragment was introduced in the molecule of new 1′-homonucleosides on a 2- 6-chloro-amino-purine scaffold to obtain 6-substituted carbocyclicnucleozide analogs as antiviral compounds. The synthesis was realized by a Mitsunobu reaction of the base with the corresponding bicyclo[2.2.0]heptane intermediate, and then the nucleoside analogs were obtained by substitution of the 6-chlorime with selected pharmaceutically accepted amines. A molecular docking study of the compounds on influenza, HSV and low active coronavirus was realized. Experimental screening of the compounds on the same viruses is being developed and soon will be finished.

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Szanti-Pinter, Eszter, and Rita Skoda-Foldes. "Application of Ionic Liquids in Synthetic Procedures Leading to Pharmaceutically Active Organic Compounds." Current Green Chemistry 5, no. 1 (2018): 4–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2213346105666180220121503.

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Sbardella, Luca, Joaquim Comas, Alessio Fenu, Ignasi Rodriguez-Roda, and Marjoleine Weemaes. "Advanced biological activated carbon filter for removing pharmaceutically active compounds from treated wastewater." Science of The Total Environment 636 (September 2018): 519–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.214.

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Taheran, Mehrdad, Satinder K. Brar, M. Verma, R. Y. Surampalli, T. C. Zhang, and J. R. Valero. "Membrane processes for removal of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) from water and wastewaters." Science of The Total Environment 547 (March 2016): 60–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.139.

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Xie, Zhengxin, Guanghua Lu, Jianchao Liu, et al. "Occurrence, bioaccumulation, and trophic magnification of pharmaceutically active compounds in Taihu Lake, China." Chemosphere 138 (November 2015): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.086.

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Wang, Shuyi, and Claudia K. Gunsch. "Effects of selected pharmaceutically active compounds on the ammonia oxidizing bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea." Chemosphere 82, no. 4 (2011): 565–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.10.007.

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