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Wibowo, Andy Eko, Rifki Febriansyah, Ingenida Hadning, Pinasti Utami, and Aji Winanta. "Odong-Odong Apoteker: Maskot Baru untuk Sosialisasi GEMACERMAT." Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (Indonesian Journal of Community Engagement) 5, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpkm.38569.
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Pharmacist Odong-Odong, Symbols, and Media Branding the Pharmacist's Existence in Indonesian Communities within the framework of the Drug Conscious Smart Society Movement (GEMACERMAT) is a movement based on the deterioration of the pharmacist's image in the last two years due to various cases in Indonesia. The goals of pharmacists odong-odong become symbols of the existence and role of pharmacists in society. The method used is making odong-odong in the form of a pharmacist holding a capsule, turning children's song lyrics into lyrics about basic knowledge of medicine that the public must know and introducing odong-odong as the new mascot of the pharmacists of IAI Bantul Branch members and pharmacists of IYPG members of the Yogyakarta Branch when they organizing community service activities. The result of this community service is that pharmacists odong-odong are created with various children's songs whose lyrics have been changed. The pharmacist odong-odong, was first used by the IAI when conducting antibiotic drug counseling at a healthy walk event in the framework of the 73rd Independence Day of the Republic of Indonesia organized by Karang Taruna Tanuditan Bantul. Odong-odong pharmacists have also been placed in several pharmacies belonging to IYPG member pharmacists. Pharmacists odong-odong become a favorite place for children to play while enjoying a song that contains knowledge about medicine. The songs are expected to enter the subconscious of the community and indirectly educate the use of drugs.Keywords: pharmacist; odong-odong; IYPG; IAI; GEMACERMAT.
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Koblišková, Zuzana, Zuzana Haramiová, and Tomáš TesaĹ™. "ANALYSIS OF THE PROFESSIONAL SATISFACTION OF PHARMACISTS IN BRATISLAVA." CBU International Conference Proceedings 5 (September 23, 2017): 660–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v5.1003.
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: A pharmacist is an expert on medications. At the same time as the most accessible health care provider, the pharmacist fulfills an important social mission. For a pharmacist, work satisfaction plays an important role in several aspects of his practice in a pharmacy. Our primary goal was to conduct a local analysis with the purpose of testing the proposed questionnaire evaluating various dimensions of the professional satisfaction of pharmacists. Our secondary goals were as follows: to analyze individual dimensions of pharmacists’ professional satisfaction, to assess the quality of life in the context of the pharmacists’ professional satisfaction and to analyze the impact of selected characteristics (age, location of the pharmacy) on the pharmacists’ quality of life. The study is based on a questionnaire survey among pharmacists in Bratislava from July to September 2016. Data were collected in person. Respondents were randomly selected from community pharmacies., Equal number of respondents were selected from three different types of pharmacies: a) public pharmacy or its branch in a medical facility or a health centre b) public pharmacy or its branch in a shopping centre c) public pharmacy or its branch in a residential housing development. The results of the study show that the professional satisfaction of pharmacists in Bratislava is evaluated positively. Out of all 27 questions of the questionnaire, only three were evaluated negatively. The analysis points out that pharmacists are dissatisfied with the conditions in the workplace, regulation and legal responsibilities stemming from the profession of a pharmacist, healthcare system, and health insurance companies. The majority of the pharmacists characterized their state of mind on the job as concentrated. Older respondents were more tired and less energized. With regards to the location of a pharmacy, respondents that work in pharmacies located in residential housing developments feel the most concentrated. The knowledge of needs and problems of the profession is the essential precondition for its continued successful development, and its position in current as well as future European and Slovak healthcare systems. Until now, the quality of the professional life of pharmacists has not become a subject of systematic research and evaluation in Slovakia. Our study showed that the professional satisfaction of pharmacists in Bratislava is evaluated positively.
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Lorensia, Amelia, Rifaatul Laila Mahmudah, and Leonardo Immanuel. "TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN APOTEKER KOMUNITAS MENGENAI PENGOBATAN ASMA." Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina (JIIS) Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan 5, no. 2 (October 27, 2020): 278–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.36387/jiis.v5i2.495.
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Optimal asthma therapy requires collaboration between patients and pharmacists as health workers. Through pharmacy services, pharmacists have the role of providing education and monitoring asthma therapy. But the level of pharmacist's knowledge will be important in its implementation. This study studies the level of medical knowledge from the community in the city of East Surabaya. The research design used in this study was cross sectional and data collection was carried out through questionnaires from previous studies. The level of knowledge includes 6 domains, namely the domain of pharmacological therapy, etiology and pathophysiology, risk factors, resolution, symptoms, and non-pharmacological therapy. The subject is a pharmacist who practices at a pharmacy in East Surabaya. Data is collected by visiting pharmacies one by one to invite pharmacists from each pharmacy. Interviews were conducted directly with research subjects. In this study descriptive data analysis was performed. The study was conducted from April to June 2019 with 108 people. The results of the study concluded: Most subjects had moderate / standard asthma knowledge (37.96%) and only a small proportion had a high level of knowledge (27.77%). From the questionnaire questions, the lowest domain was in non-pharmacological therapy (94.00) and the lowest value was in the question domain (43.00). Therefore, pharmacists need to increase their knowledge in order to help asthma patients achieve optimal treatment. Keywords: asthma, pharmacist, pharmacy, knowledge
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Lorensia, Amelia, Doddy De Queljoe, and Yessica Christina Wijaya Tandjung. "Profil Kelengkapan Informasi oleh Apoteker tentang Cara Penggunaan Sediaan Handihaler® yang Mengandung Tiotropium Bromida Di Apotek Wilayah Surabaya Timur." Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25026/jsk.v2i1.102.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic disease that can be controlled with medication. Handihaler® may be an option in the control of COPD, but the use of techniques Handihaler® is lacking in patients can cause treatment to be not optimal, therefore, the role of pharmacists to explain how to use Handihaler®. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of how to use information given Handihaler® pharmacists in pharmacies in East Surabaya. This research is non-experimental research with cross sectional method, and using observation techniques in the form of a checklist. Sampling by non-random sampling method by using purposive. The data will be processed with descriptive statistical analysis. The research sample as many as 22 pharmacies. The results showed that the steps 1, 2, 3, and 4 can be explained properly, whereas no pharmacist to explain step 16. Therefore, community pharmacists need to increase knowledge to support the pharmacist's role in providing information on how to use inhalers to improve the effectiveness COPD therapy.
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Huston, Sally A., David R. Ha, Lindsey A. Hohmann, Tessa J. Hastings, Kimberly B. Garza, and Salisa C. Westrick. "Qualitative Investigation of Community Pharmacy Immunization Enhancement Program Implementation." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 35, no. 5 (June 14, 2019): 208–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755122519852584.
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Background: Despite widely available nonseasonal immunization services in community pharmacies, actual pharmacist-administered vaccines are not yet optimal. A flexible choice multicomponent intervention, the “We Immunize” program, was implemented in Alabama and California community pharmacies, with the goal to enhance pneumococcal and zoster immunization delivery. Limited research has been done to qualitatively understand factors influencing immunization service expansion. Objective: Explore pharmacist perceptions of the We Immunize program in terms of its acceptability, impact, and real-world feasibility, and pharmacist-perceived facilitators and barriers influencing success in immunization delivery enhancement. Methods: This practice-focused qualitative research used semistructured telephone interviews with 14 pharmacists at the completion of the 6-month intervention. Results: Major program implementation facilitators were technician inclusion, workflow changes, training and feedback, goal setting, and enhanced personal selling and marketing activities. Multiple pharmacies increased the number of delivered pneumococcal and zoster immunizations, and increased revenue. Many pharmacists felt professional image, knowledge, skills, roles, and personal satisfaction were enhanced, as were technician knowledge, skills, and roles. Program flexibility, along with multiple perceived benefits, increases the potential for success. Conclusions: The We Immunize program appears to have been viewed positively by participating pharmacists and was seen as having a beneficial impact on immunization delivery in the community pharmacies in which it was implemented.
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Meier, Megan, Reshmi Singh, and Baskaran Thyagarajan. "Consumer's Opinion on a Pharmacist's Role in Nutritional Counseling." INNOVATIONS in pharmacy 12, no. 2 (April 7, 2021): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24926/iip.v12i2.3634.
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Background: Nutrition has become an increasing health concern. From fad diets to exercise programs, the consumer seems to be consulting multiple resources that all provide a different answer in the process of obtaining optimal health. Easily accessible pharmacists may be the sources to answer crucial nutritional issues facing society today. Methods: Using the results of a previous study about food perceptions among lean and non-lean populations, interview questions were created to determine the populations’ nutrition and pharmacist’s role knowledge. Nutrition knowledge among lean vs. non-lean consumers was assessed by determining experience with pharmacist nutritional counseling, how experience perceptions differed, and how these perceptions can shape a pharmacist’s role. Audio recorded interviews were conducted in a rural setting. Seventy-two English speaking, ambulatory, lean (BMI ≤ 24) and non-lean (BMI ≥ 25) residents between the ages 25-71 years participated in the study in a small western United States town. Results: 26.3% of consumers obtained nutrition information from the internet; however, the internet and healthcare providers were considered the most trustworthy. When asked about the pharmacist’s role in nutrition counseling, 32.7% believed that pharmacists were not a reliable source based on education background. Another 10.2% thought pharmacists were too busy for counseling. Discussion: This study indicates the consumers’ knowledge on pharmacists’ education, willingness to seek out nutrition knowledge, and a pharmacist’s ability to provide nutrition counseling can differ between lean and non-lean consumers. Lean consumers tend to have more interaction with a pharmacist whereas non-lean consumers do not. Conclusion: As a profession, pharmacists should educate consumers on reliable nutrition resources, a pharmacist’s education, and how they use their role to provide consumers with nutrition knowledge.
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Madeeha Malik, Usman Aslam, Azhar Hussain, and Ayisha Hashmi. "Assessment of Pharmacist Led Patient Counseling Program for Hypertension Management: The Transformative Role of Community Pharmacies in Chronic Disease Management." International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science 6, no. 02 (February 1, 2021): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol06-i02/1038.
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Background: Effective management of hypertension depends on efficacy of therapy as well as patient adherence to medication therapy and non-pharmacological approaches. As one of the important member of primary healthcare team, community pharmacists can play a key role in counseling patients and managing their chronic illnesses. Aim: The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of pharmacist counseling on management of hypertension of patients attending community pharmacies in twin cities of Pakistan. Methodology: A randomized, controlled, single blinded, pre-post intervention study design was used. Pharmacists working at community pharmacies included in group A (intervention) were targeted for training while no training was given to the pharmacists working at community pharmacies included in group B (control). The total numbers of patients were 40 in each group while estimating a drop-out rate of 25%. Patients in the intervention group received special counseling sessions by the community pharmacist whereas those in the control group received the usual pharmacy services for six months. Pre-validated tool hypertension knowledge level scale was used to assess disease knowledge. The questionnaire was administered by the pharmacists to the respondents at baseline and after 6 months. Data was cleaned, coded and analyzed in SPSS 21. Results: The results of the present study showed that respondents having hypertension since the past one year had comparatively better knowledge (23.83, ±0.40) after six months of counseling. Mean knowledge scores regarding hypertension among intervention group at baseline was (15.60, ±3.33) which was improved after six months (18.35, ±2.31). The systolic and diastolic blood pressure also improved in intervention group after 6 months of counseling. Significant difference was observed (p≤0.05) in pre-post intervention knowledge regarding hypertension management. Knowledge of patients was improved regarding different aspects of hypertension management after counseling by community pharmacists. Conclusion: The results of the current study concluded that counseling by community pharmacist had a positive impact on hypertension management. Educational programs should be initiated by community pharmacists as this can lead to improvement in blood pressure goals, disease knowledge and medication adherence and enhance the image of pharmacist as a key health care member in management of chronic diseases.
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Guirguis, Amira, John M. Corkery, Jacqueline L. Stair, Stewart Kirton, Mire Zloh, Christine M. Goodair, Fabrizio Schifano, and Colin Davidson. "Survey of knowledge of legal highs (novel psychoactive substances) amongst London pharmacists." Drugs and Alcohol Today 15, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dat-03-2015-0012.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine pharmacists’ knowledge of legal highs (novel psychoactive substances (NPS)). Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire was handed out at two London pharmacist continuing education events in mid-2014. These events update pharmacists about developments of interest/relevance to the profession and to improve their practice. A total of 54 forms were returned; a response rate of 26 percent. Findings – Most pharmacists had poor knowledge of NPS and many considered that NPS were not important to their work, with few having had to advise customers in this area. Despite this, the majority thought that they had insufficient information about NPS. There was a negative correlation between the age of the pharmacist and knowledge of NPS. Research limitations/implications – The sample is a self-selected one drawn from registered pharmacists working in community pharmacies in northwest London, and thus does not include hospital pharmacies. Self-selection means that respondents may only reflect those who are interested in the NPS phenomenon and not the wider pharmacy community. The geographical area covered may not be representative of London as a whole, or indeed other parts of the UK or other EU countries. Practical implications – It is clear that pharmacists do not know much about NPS but would like to know more. This information might improve their practice. Social implications – Pharmacists, easier to see than general practitioners, could be a useful source of information for NPS misusers. Originality/value – There have been no previous attempts to gauge the level of knowledge by pharmacists of legal highs/NPS in the UK or elsewhere to our knowledge.
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Mikhael, Ehab Mudher, and Haydar F. Al-Tukmagi. "The compliance of Iraqi pharmacists with ethical principles in applying the pharmaceutical care for diabetic patients." Clinical Ethics 11, no. 4 (July 18, 2016): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477750916657659.
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Pharmacists play a central role in caring of diabetic patients. During patient-centered care, important ethical issues and conflicts may arise, which makes ethical skills for pharmacist important toward conflict-resolution so this study aimed to assess compliance of Iraqi pharmacists with ethical principles while providing their care to diabetic patients. A cross sectional study by a validated questionnaire format was given to a convenient sample of 95 community pharmacists in Baghdad—Iraq. The questionnaire assesses the ethical practices of each pharmacist by using indirect questions through a simulated case which is commonly encountered in private pharmacies in Iraq. Most participated pharmacists failed to respect patient autonomy and they are not encouraging their patients to participate in decision making about their treatment. Participated pharmacists also failed in applying ethical principle of veracity during educating the patient about serious drug side effects. Furthermore most pharmacists had financial conflict of interests that undermine the pharmacist ability to fulfill the primary professional and ethical obligation to ensure patient's beneficence, justice and autonomy. Meanwhile most participated pharmacist may be good in maintaining their professional competence, yet the majority failed to develop their competence by keeping their knowledge up to-dated. In conclusion pharmacists failed to apply ethical principles during their usual care for diabetic patients.
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Miranda, Elaine, Claudia Santos-Pinto, Clarice Antunes, Larissa Ferreira, and Claudia Osorio-de-Castro. "Primary Care Pharmacist Interventions in Risk Reduction for the Zika Virus Epidemic: A Study in Campa Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s62—s63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19001407.
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Introduction:Pharmaceutical services for public health emergencies, such as the Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic, are relevant for service effectiveness in the Brazilian health system. Pharmacists can act strategically in risk reduction. However, official guidelines do not consider pharmaceutical services when approaching health emergencies.Aim:To identify and understand primary healthcare pharmacist interventions in risk reduction for the recent ZIKV epidemic in Brazil.Methods:The study took place in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, in November 2017. A semi-structured questionnaire was developed, including general issues related to knowledge of Zika, risk communication, and the pharmacist's role in patient care for ZIKV disease. The instrument was pre-tested. Primary healthcare center (PHC) pharmacists were subsequently interviewed. Aspects related to knowledge, risk reduction measures, and role were categorized and analyzed. The project received approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at the Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health.Results:Forty-two of the 48 PHC pharmacists in Campo Grande were interviewed. Risk reduction measures were cited by most interviewees. Among these strategies, 92% were collective measures, such as making information available for the population (30%) and for the health workers (8%), and vector control strategies (43%). Use of mosquito nets was the most cited individual risk-reduction strategy. Only one pharmacist cited risk for pregnant women and suggested birth control as a strategy. Another pharmacist pointed to ZIKV “treatment.” No interviewee mentioned measures related to preparedness of pharmaceutical services.Discussion:PHC pharmacists do not place themselves at the frontline of risk reduction for the ZIKV epidemic. In the face of potential hazards and consequences of this disease, action by pharmacists is deemed critical. This study highlights pharmacist's misconceptions and lack of focused knowledge, pointing to the need for training and capacity-building in order to increase quality of care and positive management of future epidemics.
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Bataduwaarachchi, Vipula R., Chamari L. Weerarathna, A. Paherathy, Dinuka S. Warapitiya, Mythili Sivapathasundaram, Thilini N. Wickramarathna, I. U. Haputhanthrige, Maheshi D. Wijayabandara, and T. Rameshkumar. "A survey on the knowledge, perceptions and practices regarding unwanted medicine disposal among pharmacists in Sri Lanka." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 9, no. 7 (June 26, 2020): 1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20202930.
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Background: Unwanted medicines are defined as expired, unused, damaged or contaminated pharmaceutical products. Improper disposal of unwanted medicines leads to many health and environmental hazards. The World Health Organisation recommends that unwanted medicines should always be disposed properly. The main objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, practices and perceptions on the disposal of unwanted medicines among pharmacists in Sri Lanka.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among pharmacists in 40 private retail pharmacies in the Northern, Eastern and the Western provinces within a period of three months. The pharmacies were selected via stratified randomised sampling in each district. The most experienced pharmacist in each pharmacy was recruited for data collection. A pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire was used. The ethics approval was obtained (Ref: EC-12-190). The data was represented using simple descriptive statistics.Results: The data was collected from 40 pharmacies. Among the pharmacists, 65% were males. The majority answered that burning and landfill as the most appropriate methods of disposal for most of the types of medicinal waste. A significant number of pharmacists were not aware about the method of disposal for anti-infective agents and anti-neoplastic agents. The majority perceived the seriousness of environmental damage caused by disposal via trash or sink. A majority was not agreeing to have pharmacies as collecting centers for unwanted medicines. A discrepancy between the pharmacists’ perceptions and the practices was observed.Conclusions: The level of knowledge, practices and perceptions among pharmacists on unwanted medicines disposal was substandard and needs attention.
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Law, Elaine, and Sharon L. Youmans. "Combating Counterfeit Medications." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 24, no. 1 (October 15, 2010): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190010380745.
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The production and distribution of counterfeit medications has become a significant global public health issue and though not as rampant in the United States as in other parts of the world, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has seen a 10-fold increase in the number of cases investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine California pharmacist knowledge of counterfeit medications, impact of technology and barriers to pharmacist involvement, and potential roles pharmacists can undertake. Our results showed that 59.3% of respondents believe counterfeit drugs pose a problem to the profession, but most had little to no experience with counterfeit medications. For potential sources, 44.5% believe patient use of Internet pharmacies, 39.4% indicated professional counterfeiters, and 16.1% indicated importation. Pharmacist agreed lack of knowledge (46.8%) and resources (82.5%) were barriers to detecting the presence of counterfeits. Half of respondents were award of the CA board of pharmacy’s (BOP) future use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology, but 43% did not believe RFID would be effective. Most pharmacists indicated lack of knowledge regarding new technologies but seemed willing to learn.
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Mensah, K. B. "Cancer Awareness Among Community Pharmacists: A Systematic Review." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 56s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.31000.
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Background: The WHO recognizes that community pharmacists are the most accessible healthcare professionals to the general public. Most patients regularly visit community pharmacies for health information and also seek advice from pharmacists with respect to signs and symptoms of cancer. As readily accessible health care professionals, community pharmacists are also in the best position to include cancer-screening initiatives into their practice. Pharmacists are therefore in a good position to raise awareness when they counsel people who buy over-the-counter medication for the control of possible cancer-related symptoms. Aim: The aim of this review was to critically appraise evidence gathered from studies that; (1) explore or assess knowledge of community pharmacist on signs and symptoms of cancer, (2) explore or assess knowledge of community pharmacist on cancer screening. Methods: Embase (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost) and MEDLINE (EBSCOhost) were systematically searched for studies conducted between 2005 to July 2017. Studies that focused on knowledge of community pharmacist in cancer screening, signs and symptoms were included. Results: A total of 1538 articles were identified from the search, of which 4 out of the 28 potentially relevant abstracts were included in the review. Findings of the selected studies revealed lack of sufficient knowledge on breast cancer screening, signs and symptoms. Both studies attributed knowledge limitation as the cause of reason for the key findings of their studies. Conclusion: The selected studies focused largely on breast cancer, which hinder the generalizability and transferability of the findings. Hence there is a need for more studies to be conducted in this area to draw a better conclusion.
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Lee, Yuman, Nicole Bradley, and Saralinh Trinh. "130. Antimicrobial Stewardship Practices in Community Pharmacies Across the United States." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.175.
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Abstract Background Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in the community is essential as majority of antibiotic prescribing occurs in the community. Pharmacists are recognized by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as co-leaders for leading implementation efforts to improve antibiotic use. The purpose of this study is to evaluate current AMS practices in community pharmacies across the United States (US) and identify challenges. Methods A 15-item survey was created based on CDC’s Core Elements of Outpatient AMS to assess current policies and practices in place, as well as collect baseline demographics and pharmacists’ perceptions. A survey invite was posted on the Facebook group, Pharmacist Moms, in September 2019. Participation was voluntarily and anonymous. Results Participants included 61 community pharmacists from 25 states across the US. 88.5% work in a chain pharmacy with 54.1% in staff positions and 37.7% in management. 37.7% have been practicing for > 10 years, 36.1% for 6–10 years and 26.2% 5 or less years. Minimal responses met CDC’s Core Elements of AMS: commitment (27.9%), action (24.6%), tracking and reporting (14.8%), and education and expertise (23% for pharmacists, 9.8% for patients). In regards to perception, 67.9% felt AMS is important in the community. 88.5% would participate in AMS if the opportunity were provided. 91.8% were unsure or had no plans to implement AMS within the next 2 years. Common challenges include the lack of time/staff (83.6%), pushback from prescribers (68.9%), lack of leadership (57.4%), lack of financial incentives (52.5%), pushback from patients (52.5%), lack of pharmacist knowledge/training (39.3%), lack of funding/financial support (29.5%), lack of legal requirement (21.3%), lack of information technology support (19.7%), and lack of pharmacist interest (11.5%). Current Trends of U.S. Community Pharmacies in Meeting CDC’s Core Elements of Outpatient Antimicrobial Stewardship Challenges in Implementing Antimicrobial Stewardship in Community Pharamacies Conclusion Results from this study reveal the lack of AMS practices in community pharmacies. Pharmacists have a critical role in AMS, but many challenges exist in the community setting inhibiting the full potential of pharmacists in AMS efforts. This study highlights the importance and need for addressing these issues as regulations and strategies for AMS in community settings develop. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Freeman, Christopher R., Nabilah Abdullah, Pauline J. Ford, and Meng-Wong Taing. "A national survey exploring oral healthcare service provision across Australian community pharmacies." BMJ Open 7, no. 9 (September 2017): e017940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017940.
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ObjectivesThis study investigated pharmacists’ and pharmacy assistants’ current practices and perspectives with regard to oral healthcare provision across Australian community pharmacies.DesignCross-sectional study. A questionnaire for each pharmacist and pharmacy assistant cohort was developed and administered by online or postal means. Pearson’s χ2test was used to examine relationships between categorical variables.ParticipantsPharmacists and pharmacy assistants working within 2100 randomly selected Australian community pharmacies.ResultsThe overall response rate was 58.5% (644/1100) for the pharmacist cohort and 28% (280/1000) for the pharmacy assistant cohort. This represents pharmacy staff responses from 803 community pharmacies across Australia (approximately 14.6%, 803/5500 of community pharmacies nationally). Overall, the majority of pharmacists (80.2%; 516/644) and pharmacy assistants (83.6%; 234/280) reported providing oral health advice/consultations to health consumers up to five times each week. More than half of community pharmacists and pharmacy assistants were involved in identifying signs and symptoms for oral health problems; and the majority believed health consumers were receptive to receiving oral health advice. Additionally, more than 80% of pharmacists and 60% of pharmacy assistants viewed extended oral healthcare roles positively and supported integrating them within their workplace; extended roles include provision of prevention, early intervention and referral to oral healthcare services. The most commonly reported barriers to enhance pharmacy staff involvement in oral healthcare within Australian community pharmacies include lack of knowledge, ongoing training and resources to assist practice.ConclusionThis study highlights that Australian pharmacists have an important role in oral health and provides evidence supporting the need for growing partnerships/collaborations between pharmacy and dental healthcare professionals and organisations to develop, implement and evaluate evidence-based resources, interventions and services to deliver improved and responsive oral healthcare within Australian communities.
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Salem, Krista Yunita, Muntasir ., Jacob M. Ratu, Frans Salesman, and Andrieas Umbu Roga. "The influence of professional pharmacist services on pharmacy service quality of pharmacies in Kupang city, East Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 12 (November 25, 2020): 4760. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20205147.
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Background: Changes in the orientation of pharmaceutical services from drug management to comprehensive patient care, demands optimization of the role of pharmacists in the Kupang City Pharmacy. This study aims to analyze the effect of professional pharmacist services on the quality of pharmacy services in the city of Kupang.Methods: The research design used was cross sectional. The population of this study were all patients who received services at private pharmacies in Kupang City. The population was divided into 2 clusters with 3-5 and 6-10 patients per day. The sample consisted of a sample of pharmacies and patients who brought prescriptions for each cluster. Retrieval of data by distributing questionnaires. Data analysis was performed by univariate, bivariate and mutivariate.Results: Univariate analysis showed a difference in the frequency of the variables for each cluster. Cluster visits 6-10 patients per day, the value of the variable was higher than the cluster visits 3-5 patients per day. Bivariate analysis showed that there was a relationship between the knowledge, attitudes, skills, presence and responsibility of pharmacists and the quality of pharmaceutical services, with a significance of each p=1.000; 0.133; 0.003; 0.003; 0.000. However, simultaneously it does not have a significant effect because it has sig>0.05.Conclusions: There is an influence of pharmacist services in the aspects of knowledge, attitude, skills, presence and responsibility on the quality of pharmaceutical services at pharmacies in Kupang city, but it does not affect it simultaneously.
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El-Bardissy, Ahmed, Hazem Elewa, Ahmed Khalil, Walid Mekkawi, Shaban Mohammed, Mohamed Kassem, Mahmoud Mohamed Alma’moon, Mohamed Abdelgelil, Yassin Eltorki, and Fadl Abdelfattah A. Mohamed. "Assessing Pharmacists Knowledge and Attitude Toward the Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Qatar." Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 26 (January 1, 2020): 107602962093394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1076029620933946.
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Pharmacists were found to play a key role in anticoagulation care. In order to make an appropriate selection and counselling regarding direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), pharmacists should be knowledgeable and abiding by evidence-based practice. We aim in this study to assess the knowledge and practices of practicing hospital and community pharmacists in Qatar regarding DOACs and their reflection on the dispensing and patient education. A prospective cross-sectional survey was developed. It included questions on demographic and professional characteristics. Additionally, it evaluated the awareness regarding safety, efficacy, and dispensing of DOACs. Lastly, a separate question was used to address the participant’s satisfaction with their knowledge. A total response were received from 211 pharmacists participating in the survey. Overall awareness score was moderate (41.6% ± 26%). These scores were in alignment with participants’ self-satisfaction with knowledge on DOACs (72% of participants were not satisfied). Being a clinical pharmacist, of male gender, and with a board certification were factors associated with increased awareness on DOACs. Results from this survey point to the importance of having more educational activities in order to improve pharmacist’s knowledge of DOACs.
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Nikpour, Gelareh, Antoinette Allen, Sally Rafie, Myung Sim, Radhika Rible, and Angela Chen. "Pharmacy Implementation of a New Law Allowing Year-Long Hormonal Contraception Supplies." Pharmacy 8, no. 3 (September 6, 2020): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8030165.
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Background: Prescription hormonal contraceptive methods are vital to prevention of unplanned pregnancies. New legislation among 23 states has expanded access to contraception. In California, a 2017 law requires pharmacists to dispense year-long supplies of contraception and insurance plans to cover it upon patients’ request. This study assesses pharmacist knowledge of this new law 6 months after enactment. Methods: From July to November 2017, a random selection of 600 community pharmacies were called requesting a pharmacist (n = 532, 88.7% response). Pharmacists were asked if they had heard of the new law, if they would dispense a year-long supply to cash-pay, privately or publicly insured patients, and what they perceived as obstacles to dispensing year-long supplies. Results: Awareness of this law was assessed through these surveys. Most pharmacists responded they would dispense year-long supplies to cash-pay patients, regardless of knowledge of the new law (81% of “knew”, 70% of “did not know”, p = 0.1046). The top two perceived obstacles were insurance reimbursement (55.8%) and store policy (13.4%). Conclusion: Despite a new law requiring insurance coverage of a year-long supply of prescription birth control, most pharmacists were unaware at six months after the policy went into effect. Of those who were aware, the majority did not clearly understand it. Compliance among insurance plans is unknown. There was no implementation plan or awareness campaign for the new law.
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Schuessler, Tyler J., Janelle F. Ruisinger, Sarah E. Hare, Emily S. Prohaska, and Brittany L. Melton. "Patient Satisfaction With Pharmacist-Led Chronic Disease State Management Programs." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 29, no. 5 (July 9, 2016): 484–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190014568672.
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Purpose: To assess patient satisfaction, perception of self-management, and perception of disease state knowledge with pharmacist-led diabetes and cardiovascular disease state management (DSM) programs. Methods: A self-insured chain of grocery store pharmacies in the Kansas City metropolitan area administers pharmacist-led diabetes and cardiovascular DSM programs for eligible employees and dependents. A modified version of the Diabetes Disease State Management Questionnaire was used to assess patient satisfaction with the DSM programs. Demographic information was also collected. Survey items were based on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree and 5 = strongly agree). Patients were eligible to complete the survey if he or she had been in at least 1 DSM program for 6 months. Data were assessed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance. Results: Across 20 pharmacies, 281 eligible participants were identified, and 46% (n = 128) completed a survey. Means for summed items relating to overall satisfaction (8 items), self-management (5 items), and knowledge (4 items) were 36.6/40 (standard deviation [SD] = 3.9), 20.9/25 (SD = 3.4), and 17.6/20 (SD = 2.1), respectively. Participant comments further indicated that the program and pharmacists are helpful and increase motivation and accountability. Conclusions: Positive patient responses to the program support use of pharmacist-led DSM programs.
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Perrault, Evan K., and Jenny L. Beal. "Patients’ knowledge about pharmacists, technicians, and physicians." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 76, no. 18 (September 3, 2019): 1420–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxz169.
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Abstract Purpose Including pharmacists within care teams can lead to positive health benefits, yet pharmacists remain underused. Misperceptions about pharmacists’ duties and expertise compared to physicians’ may contribute. This study sought to determine how well patients know the differences between pharmacists, technicians, and physicians regarding their duties and levels of education about medications. It also investigated how patients’ perceptions affect their likelihood to initiate interactions with pharmacists, as well as reasons why they choose not to speak with pharmacists. Methods An online survey of 477 U.S. adults was administered via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Participants’ knowledge of pharmacists’, pharmacy technicians’, and medical doctors’ education and expertise were measured. Logistic regression determined whether patients’ attitudes toward pharmacists predicted patient–pharmacist interactions. Participants’ reasons for choosing to not talk to pharmacists about their medications were assessed via an open-ended response. Results Patients generally know the duties pharmacists can perform compared to duties of technicians, but they incorrectly believe that physicians have more years of drug education than do pharmacists. Patients who have more positive attitudes toward pharmacists versus doctors are more likely to initiate interactions with pharmacists. Not seeing a need to interact, believing their doctors told them everything, or their ability to find information elsewhere (e.g., the Internet) were the 3 most cited reasons for not interacting with a pharmacist. Conclusion Reaching across disciplinary lines to colleagues in health communication may assist the pharmacy profession in finding ways to increase patients’ knowledge and perceptions about the important role pharmacists can play, thereby increasing the likelihood of patients wanting to interact with pharmacists.
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Rehman, Inayat, Malik Asad, Allah Bukhsh, Zahid Ali, Humera Ata, Juman Dujaili, Ali Blebil, and Tahir Khan. "Knowledge and Practice of Pharmacists toward Antimicrobial Stewardship in Pakistan." Pharmacy 6, no. 4 (October 23, 2018): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy6040116.
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Background: The irrational use, “over the counter supply”, and unregulated supply chains of antimicrobials are contributing toward antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial stewardship programs regulate antimicrobials usage to prevent resistance and reduce health care burden. Objective: To assess the knowledge and practice of pharmacists’ working in various healthcare settings toward antimicrobial stewardship in Pakistan. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among pharmacists working in different sectors between March to June 2017. Results: A total of 181 pharmacists participated, of whom (n = 145, 80.1%) were males. The majority of participants were in the 20–30 age group (n = 147, 81.2%) and hold Doctor of Pharmacy degrees. More than 80% of pharmacists agreed that “antimicrobial stewardship is essential to improve patient care”; while (n = 159, 87.8%) pharmacists agreed that “pharmacist should be trained on the use of antimicrobial”. Close to 90% of pharmacists agreed that “adequate training should be provided to pharmacists on antimicrobial use”. Regarding the practice of antimicrobial stewardship, (n = 72, 39.8%) pharmacists often/always “make efforts to prevent or reduce the transmission of infections within the community”; (n = 58, 32%) pharmacists never “dispense antimicrobials without a prescription”; and (n = 60, 32%) pharmacist often/always “communicate with prescribers if unsure about the appropriateness of an antibiotic prescription”. Conclusions: Increased antimicrobial stewardship efforts can both optimize the treatment of infections and reduce adverse events associated with antibiotic use. Pharmacists in Pakistan have good knowledge and adopt positive practices toward antimicrobial stewardship. Pharmacist and other health care professionals should collaborate within multi-disciplinary teams to reduce the problem of antimicrobial resistance and improve the quality of life of patients.
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Booth, Shaid, Richard Parsons, Bruce Sunderland, and Tin Fei Sim. "Managing migraine with over-the-counter provision of triptans: the perspectives and readiness of Western Australian community pharmacists." PeerJ 7 (December 16, 2019): e8134. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8134.
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Background Down-scheduling one or more triptans to Schedule 3 (Pharmacist Only Medicine) from Schedule 4 (Prescription Only Medicine) has been debated in Australia for a decade. This study aimed to evaluate the perspectives and readiness of Western Australian (WA) community pharmacists to manage migraine including over-the-counter (OTC) provision of triptans. Methods Data were collected using a self-administered paper-based questionnaire, posted to a random sample of 178 metropolitan and 97 regional pharmacies in WA. Respondent pharmacists were surveyed regarding: knowledge of optimal migraine treatment as per current guidelines, resources required to appropriately recommend triptans and attitudes and perspective toward down-scheduling. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multivariate regression analysis. Pharmacist/pharmacy characteristics influencing readiness were evaluated by assigning respondents a score based on responses to Likert scale questions. These questions were assigned to five domains based on an implementation model and these scores were used in a general linear model to identify demographic characteristics associated with readiness across each domain. Results A total of 114 of the 275 pharmacies returned useable questionnaires (response rate: 41.5%). The two most commonly recommended first line OTC agents were a combined paracetamol/non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and aspirin (44/104; 42.3% and 22/104; 21.2%, respectively) which provided context to the respondents’ knowledge of optimal migraine treatment. Responses to questions in relation to triptans and the warning signs requiring referral were in line with current guidelines, demonstrating respondents’ knowledge in these areas. Nevertheless, most respondents demonstrated uncertainty in relation to the pathogenesis of migraine. If triptans were available OTC, 66/107 (61.7%) would recommend them first-line. The majority (107/113; 94.7%) agreed that down-scheduling would improve timely access to effective migraine medication and 105/113 (92.9%) agreed that if triptans were down-scheduled, pharmacists may be better able to assist people in the treatment of migraine. Most respondents agreed that additional training and resources, including a guideline for OTC supply of triptans and the management of first-time and repeat migraine would be necessary if triptans were down-scheduled. No single demographic characteristic influenced readiness across all five domains. Discussion Pharmacists were knowledgeable regarding triptans and recognised symptoms requiring referral; migraine knowledge could be improved. Pharmacists supported down-scheduling of one or more triptans in Australia, however they highlighted a need for further training and resources to support migraine diagnosis and provision of OTC triptans. Professional pharmacy bodies should consider these findings when recommending drugs suitable for down-scheduling for pharmacist recommendation.
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Lo, Alice. "P026 One ward. one pharmacist. one bleep – a review of the women’s and children’s clinical pharmacy service." Archives of Disease in Childhood 104, no. 7 (June 19, 2019): e2.30-e2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-nppc.36.
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BackgroundThe women’s and children’s pharmacy service provides morning visits to all paediatric, neonatal and gynaecology wards with a link bleep held by the band 6 pharmacist for afternoon requests. Recent feedback from band 6 rotational pharmacists that the volume of calls to their bleep after the morning ward pharmacist visits was high causing a lot of pressure and stress. With no major change in bed activity it was important to find the causes of the increased workload and solutions to any other issues to address the poor feedback.AimReview of the clinical link service to women’s and children’s servicesMethodsThe paediatric team was briefed on the aim of the focus groups and an open and non-judgemental session was carried out to draw out the root causes and identify solutions to improve the women’s and children’s clinical pharmacy service. The team was divided into two groups of mixed seniority to initially discuss the problems before regrouping to theme the problems and then repeating to identify solutions to the problems.ResultUsing fishbone analysis the following themes were identified to be problems: lack of continuity of specialist knowledge, women’s wards, education and training, dispensary and information technology (IT). The solutions were then placed into an action priority matrix and assigned to various members of the team to carry out.Specialist knowledgeLack of continuity of the ward pharmacist’s in-depth knowledge of patients was identified as a heavy burden for junior pharmacists. They had to clinically screen new medicines or validate take home prescriptions (TTAs) of patients they didn’t know including complicated cystic fibrosis, gastroenterology and oncology patients. A consensus solution was achieved by the team for ward pharmacists to be responsible for their patients throughout the day. The link pharmacist would cover for meetings and leave. New bleeps were obtained for all paediatric wards to have a dedicated bleep through the day. All wards were informed of the new system and bleep numbers. An audit is currently being carried out to determine how this affects the link bleep volumes as well as senior pharmacist time due to the extra workload and distance between the wards and the clinical office.Women’s wardsCommunication to the women’s wards was recirculated to remind them of the link pharmacy service. A restructure of the team in October will give an additional band 6 pharmacist in place of two 0.33WTE equivalent band 7 pharmacists. This should provide wards with a pharmacist who is available after the morning visit. The link bleep will also be divided between the 2 band 6 pharmacists for women’s and paediatric wards.Education and trainingSenior pharmacists share their knowledge in team continuing professional development meetings but there is less one to one teaching. The junior pharmacists now receive teaching from specialist pharmacist ward visits including women’s wards. Dispensary and IT: These are being reviewed by the pharmacy department.ConclusionOne week post implementation the workload to the band 6 has reduced and the impact to senior pharmacists is being reviewed.ReferenceNHS Wales University Health Board. Change management toolkit 2012. Available at: www.wales.nhs.uk/bcupinnacle/opendoc/230961 Links to an external site.
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Prosperi Porta, Romana, Maria Antonietta D’Errico, Elise M. Chapin, Isabella Sciarretta, and Paolo Delaini. "Investigation Into the Pharmacist’s Role in Breastfeeding Support in the “Roma B” Local Health Authority in Rome." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 35, no. 3 (January 18, 2019): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755122518823022.
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Background: Breastfeeding is the biological norm for feeding infants and a public health strategy with such a significant impact on the health of the population in the short, medium, and long terms that it should be considered a priority. A pharmacy can be a place for breastfeeding support, since it is open 24 hours a day and is easily accessible. Objective: The main objective of our fact-finding investigation into the breastfeeding support role of pharmacists in the “Roma B” Local Health Authority was to understand how often pharmacists came into contact with nursing mothers, and if pharmacists felt the need to have a greater knowledge of issues regarding breastfeeding. Methods: This survey was done by administering 144 questionnaires (to 1 pharmacist per pharmacy) with items about the support and the protection of breastfeeding and lactation, the perceived need for specific training courses, and openness to establishing virtuous network mechanisms with stakeholders who work in breastfeeding in that geographical area. Results: Our survey shows that mothers come to pharmacies for advice about various health problems. Although pharmacists had little knowledge about breastfeeding, they were interested in participating in a training course. Ninety percent of them declared their interest in collaborating with local breastfeeding stakeholders. Conclusions: The role of the pharmacist in the protection, promotion, and support of breastfeeding has become increasingly important, along with the awareness of being competent and ethical on issues about breastfeeding.
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Ertl, Jonathon, Leanne Chalmers, and Luke Bereznicki. "The Quality of Advice Provided by Pharmacists to Patients Taking Direct Oral Anticoagulants: A Mystery Shopper Study." Pharmacy 8, no. 3 (September 3, 2020): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8030164.
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Pharmacists report being less confident in their knowledge of direct acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) than of vitamin K antagonists, which may influence their ability to detect and manage complications arising from DOAC use. In a mystery shopper study, patient agents were sent into community pharmacies with symptom or product-related requests related to common complications that might arise during treatment with oral anticoagulants, with each visit being assessed for the preferred outcome. Only 10/41 (24.4%) visits resulted in the preferred outcome. A complete history-taking process, obtaining a medical history, patient characteristics and pharmacist involvement were strong predictors of the preferred outcome being achieved. The preferred outcome was not consistently achieved without pharmacist involvement. The potential for strategies that support comprehensive pharmacist involvement in over-the-counter requests should be considered to ensure the provision of optimal care to patients taking high-risk medications such as DOACs.
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Holdford, David A. "Perspectives on the pharmacist’s “product”: a narrative review." Pharmacy Practice 19, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 2430. http://dx.doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2021.2.2430.
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Clarity about the pharmacist’s “product” is fundamental to developing and communicating the value of pharmacy offerings. It is clear within the profession that pharmacists use their scope of knowledge and technical skills to address medication-related needs of individuals and populations. However, confusion still remains in the professional and public literature about what a pharmacist precisely produces for society. Is it a drug, service, program, solution, or something else? As the profession evolves from one that focuses on dispensing drugs to a profession that seeks to achieve positive patient health outcomes, pharmacists need to better conceptualize and articulate what they produce. This narrative review explores ideas from the marketing, business strategy, and entrepreneurship literature to discuss diverse perspectives on the pharmacist’s product. The four perspectives are the product as (1) a tangible product, (2) an intangible service, (3) a “smart, connected” good or service, and (4) a solution to a customer problem in whatever form provided. Based upon these perspectives, the pharmacist’s product can be any combination of tangible or intangible, face-to-face or virtual offering produced by pharmacists that seeks to satisfy medication-related needs and wants of pharmacy patients and customers. Ideas discussed in this review include the total product concept, classification schemes from the services marketing literature, the theory of service-dominant logic, the concepts of “smart, connected” products and industrialized intimacy, and the jobs-to-be-done framework. These various perspectives offer lessons for pharmacists on how to innovate when serving patients and customers and to communicate the pharmacist’s value proposition to the people they serve.
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Algahtani, Mohammed S. "Assessment of Pharmacist’s Knowledge and Perception toward 3D Printing Technology as a Dispensing Method for Personalized Medicine and the Readiness for Implementation." Pharmacy 9, no. 1 (March 23, 2021): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy9010068.
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The main user of three dimensional (3D) printing for drug dispensing will be the hospital pharmacist. Yet despite the tremendous amount of research and industrial initiatives, there is no evaluation of the pharmacist’s knowledge and opinion of this technology. The present study aimed to assess knowledge and attitude among pharmacists about 3D printing technology as an innovative dispensing method for personalized medicine and the barriers to implementation in Saudi Arabia. We found that 53% of participants were aware of 3D printing technology in general, but only 14–16% of pharmacists were aware of the specific application of 3D printing in drug dispensing. Participants showed a positive perception regarding the concept of personalized medicine and that 3D printing could provide a promising solution to formulate and dispense personalized medicine in the pharmacy. It was also found that 67% of pharmacists were encouraged to adopt this new technology for drug dispensing, reflecting their willingness to learn new innovations. However, the technology cost, regulation, and the shortage of practicing pharmacists were also reported as the top barriers for implementation. Facilitating the implementation of this technology in the pharmacy practice will require a strategic plan in which pharmacists collaborate with regulatory bodies and 3D printing engineers to overcome challenges and barriers to implement such promising technology.
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Ali, Mohammed Awad Osman, Esra Abdallah Abdalwahed Mahgoub, Mohammed Nimir, and Kamil Mirghani Ali. "Knowledge of Pharmacists about Anti-epileptic Drugs in a Developing Country." Current Drug Safety 15, no. 1 (February 3, 2020): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574886314666190729114946.
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Background: Pharmacists play an essential role in educating the epileptic patients about their disease and their medications. Improving the patient’s awareness may lead to improve their compliance and decrease drug-drug interaction and ultimately improve their quality of life. Objective: This study aimed to assess the pharmacist’s knowledge about anti-epileptic drugs in Khartoum State, Sudan. Method: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study in Khartoum State, Sudan. Proportionate stratified sampling was used to determine the targeted Pharmacies, and all pharmacists who were present in the selected pharmacy at the time of data collection and fulfilled our selection criteria were included in the study. A structure closed-ended questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from candidates. Results: Majority of participants were female (66.9%), less than 30 years old (66.7%) and have less than 5 years of experience (62.1%). Unfortunately, the majority of the participants (85.3%) had poor knowledge, and only (14.7%) of them had good knowledge. Furthermore, the study revealed that age (p =.030), years of experience (p =.026) and the degree in pharmacy (p = .003) were significantly associated with knowledge level. Conclusions: Majority of the pharmacists in Khartoum State have poor knowledge about anti-epileptic drugs. Further research is needed to investigate the actual factors behind this knowledge gap and to propose interventions to improve the pharmacist’s knowledge and practice aiming to improve the quality of health care provided to the patients.
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K., Bhuvaneswari, Jeyalakshmi D., and Umamaheswari A. "Knowledge, awareness and attitude towards rational use of medicines by community pharmacists in and around Coimbatore, India." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 6, no. 10 (September 23, 2017): 2422. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20174370.
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Background: Achievement of goals of rational use of medicine (RUM) in the community is not possible without participation of community pharmacists. Pharmacists must know that they are the main tool to educate and spread information on rational use of medicine in the community. This background enabled this study to observe the knowledge, awareness and attitude of the community pharmacists towards the rational use of medicine. Aim and Objectives were to assess the knowledge and awareness among community pharmacists about rational drug use in and around Coimbatore.Methods: It was a cross sectional observational study using a preformed questionnaire. Study participants were 215 Community Pharmacists (those are registered pharmacist running standalone pharmacy stores not affiliating to any institutions /hospitals/not a part of a large chain of stores) inside (115 Pharmacist) and around (100 Pharmacist) Coimbatore city. Questionnaire was given to them and results were analyzed and expressed in percentage at the end of the study.Results: Comparing the awareness about RUM in the community pharmacists in and around Coimbatore was found with the results which was almost equal or less in terms of dispensing medicines without prescription, issuing medicines to outdated prescription, educating the public about ADR etc.Conclusions: This study ensure the need of the community pharmacist participation for the development of a clear educational policy on promoting rational use of medicine involving all segments of health care system to ensure the community benefit and safety.
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J. Mohammed, Ashwaq, and Dheyaa J. Kadhim. "Knowledge and Perception of Iraqi Pharmacists Towards Biosimilar Medicines." Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN: 1683 - 3597 , E-ISSN : 2521 - 3512) 30, no. 1 (June 19, 2021): 226–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31351/vol30iss1pp226-232.
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Abstract
Biosimilars are non-innovative copy versions of biologic medicines which are proven to be clinically equivalent to, as effective and as safe as their reference biologics. Biosimilars creates opportunities for cost savings for payers, governments, and patients compared with the reference products. Pharmacist plays an essential role in developing biosimilar medicines from manufacturing to post-marketing pharmacovigilance monitoring. The aim of the current study was to explore the level of knowledge, behaviors and practices of a sample of Iraqi pharmacists towards biosimilar medicines. The current study was a cross sectional, carried out during May 2020. A total of 264 pharmacists )143 male, 121 female) were involved in this study. A web-based self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection . Regarding pharmacists’ knowledge of biosimilar medicines, the results showed that two questions received the highest percentages of adequate answers: biosimilar medicine requires preclinical and clinical studies (58.0%) and biosimilar medicines require more comprehensive data compared to generic drugs (56.1%). In contrast, marketing authorization of biosimilar medicines is granted on the sole investigation of pharmacokinetic bioequivalence received the lowest percentage of adequate answers (21.6%). In addition, the current study showed that more experience years and male gender associated with better knowledge. With respect to perceptions of pharmacists about biosimilar medicines, two statements received the highest percentage of pharmacist agreements: biosimilar medicines are tested in terms of efficacy and safety (64.4%) and biosimilar prescription allows for reducing costs (64.4%). At the same time, 40.2% of the participating pharmacists agreed with pharmacist replacing a reference biologic medicines with its biosimilar product. In conclusion, the majority of the surveyed pharmacists had insufficient knowledge towards biosimilar medicines. The study highlighted that Iraqi pharmacists needed more accurate comprehensive information concerning biosimilar medicines.
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Ciliberti, Rosagemma, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, and Alessandro Bonsignore. "The Implementation of the Professional Role of the Community Pharmacist in the Immunization Practices in Italy to Counteract Vaccine Hesitancy." Pharmacy 8, no. 3 (August 25, 2020): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8030155.
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In Italy, the National Vaccinal Prevention Plan has renewed the commitment of the Italian government to promote a culture of vaccination practices in the general population and especially among healthcare professionals, considering it as a strategic goal. The search for useful tools and techniques to promote a layered and widespread information network capable of restoring a climate of trust and confidence towards vaccination, leads us to reflect on the possibility, already adopted in numerous countries, of enlisting community pharmacies in immunization campaigns also in Italy, positively implementing the professional role of the community pharmacist in immunization. The pharmacist is often the first point of contact with both the patients and the public, both for the relationship of trust and confidence that binds him to the citizens, and for the ease of access in relation to the widespread distribution of community pharmacies in the territory, the availability of prolonged operating hours, the absence of need for appointments and positions near/outside of healthcare facilities. Currently, in Italy the role of the community pharmacist is limited to counseling and providing advice and information regarding the benefits and/or any risks of vaccination practices, but does not imply a direct engagement in immunization programs, rather a collaboration to avoid straining and overwhelming the vaccination centers. Some recent questionnaire-based studies have shown that Italian community pharmacists have attitudes that are favorable to vaccinations, even though their knowledge is rather limited. Together with expanding the engagement of community pharmacists in immunization programs, their educational gap should be addressed in order to significantly improve and enhance the protection of the public health.
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Lampkin, Stacie J., Cheryl A. Maslouski, William A. Maish, and Barnabas M. John. "Asthma Review for Pharmacists Providing Asthma Education." Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 21, no. 5 (September 1, 2016): 444–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-21.5.444.
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Asthma is the most common pediatric illness affecting more than 6 million children in the United States. Children with asthma have more frequent office visits and hospitalizations compared with adults. Despite advances in therapies, asthma still has a significant effect on the health care system. Regardless of the setting, pharmacists are uniquely equipped with an intimate knowledge of medications. With this knowledge, they can provide education to patients at various points throughout the health care system, from hospitalization to office visits to point of pick up at the pharmacy. The goal of this article is to equip the pharmacist with the necessary knowledge to provide education to these patients in a variety of practice settings, including community pharmacies, ambulatory care settings, and during transitions in care.
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Dabbous, Mariam K., Sara M. Moustafa, Fouad R. Sakr, Marwan G. Akel, Jihan H. Safwan, Michelle M. Cherfan, and Mohamad K. Rahal. "Knowledge, attitude and practice of Lebanese community pharmacists with regard to self-management of low back pain." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 19, no. 4 (May 16, 2020): 873–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v19i4.28.
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Purpose: To determine the knowledge, attitude and reported practice of Lebanese community pharmacists who advise persons who present with low back pain.Methods: This was a multi-center cross-sectional study conducted in over 300 community pharmacies across Lebanon from December 2017 to May 2018. Pharmacists working at a community pharmacy were considered eligible, and those who volunteered to participate completed the questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed for self-completion by the pharmacist and included demographic questions about the respondent, questions that assessed knowledge and attitude toward low back pain, and questions about treatment to reflect and characterize the nature of practice. The primary outcome was to determine the knowledge, attitude and reported practice of the Lebanese pharmacists advising people who presented with low back pain. The secondary outcome was to assess factors that affect knowledge, attitude, and practice.Results: The response of 320 community pharmacists was analysed. The proportion of pharmacists with good knowledge about low back pain (51. 7 %) was slightly higher than those with poor knowledge (48. 3 %). Oral therapy was the most prescribed dosage form for back pain compared to local patch and cream. Among oral dosage forms, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were the most prescribed medications (42 %). Of the patients’ referral to the physician if necessary, 73.1 % of the referrals were by pharmacists.Conclusion: Community pharmacists in Lebanon demonstrate an acceptable level of knowledge of back pain, yet major gaps still exist, particularly in terms of the quality of advice. Hence, more education is needed to provide better quality of advice.
Keywords: Attitude, Knowledge, Low back pain, Reported practice, Quality of advice
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Reis, Tiago Marques dos, Camilo Molino Guidoni, Edmarlon Girotto, Ricardo Radigheri Rascado, Patrícia de Carvalho Mastroianni, Joice Mara Cruciol, and Leonardo Régis Leira Pereira. "Knowledge and conduct of pharmacists for dispensing of drugs in community pharmacies: a cross-sectional study." Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 51, no. 3 (September 2015): 733–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502015000300025.
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The objective of the study was to evaluate the knowledge of pharmacists and check their conduct in relation to dispensing of drugs. This is a cross-sectional study performed in four municipalities from South and Southeast of Brazil, which are reference in health national scenario and concentrate 73.6% of national economic activity. Pharmacists who works in community pharmacies were invited to answer a questionnaire prepared by the authors of this study and validated. The main outcome measured was the pharmaceutical knowledge, rated according to the number of correct answers on that questionnaire prepared by the researchers, and professional conduct in relation to dispensing of drugs. The data collection occurred from September to December 2012 and the information obtained were tabulated in duplicate by two independent researchers for later analysis. 486 community pharmacies were visited but only 112 professionals participated in the study. Among the participants, 78.6% (n = 88) did not have adequate knowledge to perform the dispensing of drugs, despite this same number of pharmacists claiming to have participated in conferences and courses after graduation. The main sources of information on drugs used by participants have a low level of scientific evidence. The performance of non-employment related tasks reduces the time available for the care of medication users. In addition, the indiscriminate sale of antimicrobials and the sale of products other than health, mischaracterize the role of the pharmacist in the community pharmacy. There are gaps in the knowledge of professionals, limiting the satisfactory completion of dispensing of drugs. In addition, the excess of other duties and inadequate professional conduct compromise the promotion of the rational use of drugs.
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Chirewa, B., and A. Wakhisi. "Emergency hormonal contraceptive service provision via community pharmacies in the UK: a systematic review of pharmacists’ and young women’s views, perspectives and experiences." Perspectives in Public Health 140, no. 2 (August 12, 2019): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757913919867356.
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Aims: Unintended pregnancy among young people remains a major public health problem in the UK, despite recent evidence suggesting that the number of teenage pregnancies in England is falling. Community pharmacies have the potential to reduce health inequalities among young women through improved and appropriate access to sexual health services. This study seeks to examine the views, perceptions and experiences of young women and community pharmacists concerning emergency hormonal contraceptive (EHC) provision from community pharmacies in the UK. Methods: Six electronic databases were searched for articles published in English between 2000 and 2017. Titles and abstracts were screened by two researchers according to the inclusion criteria. Results: A total of eight papers reporting studies carried out within the UK were included. Five key themes were identified from the perspectives of young women: convenience and ease of access, embarrassment and non-judgemental services, free services, confidentiality and pharmacist being helpful. Six key themes were identified from the perspectives of the pharmacists: concerns about supply of EHC, improved access, no need for appointment, confidentiality, free EHC and training. Conclusions: The review suggests that services should be designed based on the views, perceptions and experiences of the service users and providers in order to reduce inequities to access of EHC. Pharmacists who provide EHC should continuously upgrade their knowledge base through training if the sexual health needs of the young women who access pharmacies are to be adequately met.
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Chen, Hong, Carolina Oi Lam Ung, Peilian Chi, Jihong Wu, Daisheng Tang, and Hao Hu. "Consumers’ Perceptions About Pharmaceutical Care Provided by Community Pharmacists in China in Relation to Over-the-Counter Drugs: A Qualitative Study." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 55 (January 2018): 004695801879329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0046958018793292.
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While patient-centered care is highly anticipated nowadays, investigation of consumers’ perceptions and expectations about pharmacist’s pharmaceutical care when providing over-the-counter (OTC) drugs is sparse. This article aimed to explore consumers’ perceptions regarding the pharmaceutical care that community pharmacists provide in relation to OTC drugs. Semistructured interviews were conducted with consumers recruited (N = 97) in Yinchuan City, China. The 4 main themes that emerged were expectations on pharmaceutical care, attitude toward pharmacist’s competence, experience of self-medication, and suggestions for improving pharmaceutical care. Most participants had high expectations on community pharmacists to recommend the right medicines, to advise them about the effective use of drug, to advise them about the safe use of drug, and to recommend economic drugs. However, their previous experiences at community pharmacy were far from satisfaction reportedly, leading to a general distrust in pharmacist’s certification and qualification, knowledge, communication skills, and attitude. As a result, the participants turned to self-medication based on their personal experiences, their relatives’ experiences, the information on drug label, and the information distributed in the mass media. Realizing the need to improve pharmaceutical care, the participants also made improvement suggestions specific to community pharmacist, community pharmacy, and the government.
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Poyongo, Baraka P., and Raphael Zozimus Sangeda. "Pharmacists’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding the Dispensing of Antibiotics without Prescription in Tanzania: An Explorative Cross-Sectional Study." Pharmacy 8, no. 4 (December 13, 2020): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8040238.
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Inappropriate use of antibiotics has been reported to contribute to the emergence and increase of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the world. The pharmacist has the responsibility to supervise the dispensing of antibiotics with prescriptions to ensure rational use. An online semi-structured questionnaire was shared with approximately 1100 licensed pharmacists in Tanzania. Study data were collected and managed using REDCap electronic data capture tools before use for analysis. Of the 226 (20.5%) received responses, 197 had given consent and provided complete surveys. Notably, 153 (77.7%) of the 197 pharmacists had excellent knowledge about the legal requirements for dispensing antibiotics and the AMR challenge. Of the 197 surveyed pharmacists, 143 (72.6%) admitted to dispensing antibiotics without a prescription in their daily practice. Notably, 84.1% (37/44) of pharmacists with masters or PhD education were more likely to dispense without a prescription compared to 69.3% (106/153) among bachelor holders (p-value = 0.04). The reasons for administering antibiotics without a prescription included the pharmacy business looking for more profit, patient failure to obtain a prescription and the lack of stringent inspection of pharmacies by the regulatory authorities. Penicillins, macrolides and fluoroquinolones were the classes of antibiotics most commonly dispensed without a prescription. Stringent inspections by the regulatory authorities should detect and reduce dispensing antibiotics without a prescription. The community should be educated on the importance of medication prescription from a qualified medical practitioner.
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Latif, Asam, Nargis Gulzar, Fiona Lowe, Theo Ansong, and Sejal Gohil. "Engaging community pharmacists in quality improvement (QI): a qualitative case study of a partnership between a Higher Education Institute and Local Pharmaceutical Committees." BMJ Open Quality 10, no. 1 (January 2021): e001047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2020-001047.
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BackgroundQuality improvement (QI) involves the use of systematic tools and methods to improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients. However, awareness and application of QI among healthcare professionals is poor and new strategies are needed to engage them in this area.ObjectivesThis study describes an innovative collaboration between one Higher Educational Institute (HEI) and Local Pharmaceutical Committees (LPCs) to develop a postgraduate QI module aimed to upskill community pharmacists in QI methods. The study explores pharmacist engagement with the learning and investigates the impact on their practice.MethodsDetails of the HEI–LPCs collaboration and communication with pharmacist were recorded. Focus groups were held with community pharmacists who enrolled onto the module to explore their motivation for undertaking the learning, how their knowledge of QI had changed and how they applied this learning in practice. A constructivist qualitative methodology was used to analyse the data.ResultsThe study found that a HEI–LPC partnership was feasible in developing and delivering the QI module. Fifteen pharmacists enrolled and following its completion, eight took part in one of two focus groups. Pharmacists reported a desire to extend and acquire new skills. The HEI–LPC partnership signalled a vote of confidence that gave pharmacists reassurance to sign up for the training. Some found returning to academia challenging and reported a lack of time and organisational support. Despite this, pharmacists demonstrated an enhanced understanding of QI, were more analytical in their day-to-day problem-solving and viewed the learning as having a positive impact on their team’s organisational culture with potential to improve service quality for patients.ConclusionsWith the increased adoption of new pharmacist’s roles and recent changes to governance associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, a HEI–LPC collaborative approach could upskill pharmacists and help them acquire skills to accommodate new working practices.
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Teixeira, Ana, Maribel Teixeira, Maria Teresa Herdeiro, Viviana Vasconcelos, Rita Correia, Maria Fernanda Bahia, Isabel F. Almeida, et al. "Knowledge and Practices of Community Pharmacists in Topical Dermatological Treatments." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6 (March 12, 2021): 2928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062928.
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The connection between pharmacists’ knowledge and practice on the provided information to patients about dermatoses and their treatment is insufficiently characterized. Furthermore, pharmacists’ contributions in counselling and in promoting adherence to topical treatment is not fully understood. This study has three main objectives. It aims to identify the knowledge and practices of pharmacists about dermatoses and their treatment, and to compare the perspective of pharmacists with that of patients regarding treatment information, with the future goal of establishing guidelines on the communication of dosage regimen instructions to dermatological patients and promotion of adherence to treatment, filling a gap. A cross-sectional, exploratory, and descriptive study was carried out. Based on experts’ prior knowledge and extensive collected literature information, two questionnaire protocols, one for pharmacists and another one for patients, were designed. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were carried out in relation to the pharmacists’ questionnaire for instrument validation. The results indicate that knowledge of pharmacists regarding dermatoses and their treatment is considered acceptable. Most of the pharmacists were reported to provide information to patients. Oppositely, patients reported not to have receive it. This is an important issue because pharmacists play a primary role in the management of several diseases. As non-adherence can be triggered by poor understanding of the dosing instructions, pharmacists’ communication practices play an important role in improving this hinderance. Results from this study identified pharmacist–patient communication gaps, so the development of guidelines to improve the transmission of clear dosage regimen instructions and knowledge about patient’s disease are of paramount importance. Training programs for continuous education of pharmacist should be implemented to solve the identified communication problems found in this study.
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Mitchell, Madeline, Courtney Stauffenberg, Veronica Vernon, Cortney M. Mospan, Allie Jo Shipman, and Sally Rafie. "Opposition to Pharmacist Contraception Services: Evidence for Rebuttal." Pharmacy 8, no. 4 (September 23, 2020): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8040176.
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Pharmacist contraception services are growing across the United States. Several states have authorized pharmacists to prescribe contraception, and the interest in other states continues to grow. Opposition to these practices exists and centers on discussions related to safety, training, cost, and fragmentation of care. We review these arguments and provide evidence refuting these concerns. Pharmacist-prescribed contraception increases access to care, and patients express interest in utilizing this service at the pharmacy. Pharmacists follow evidence-based recommendations. Counseling on preventative services and referral to other providers is part of contraception care by pharmacists. Training programs have been developed to equip both pharmacy students and pharmacists with the knowledge, skills, and tools needed to successfully provide these services. This article can serve as a guide for pharmacists and advocates when discussing pharmacist-prescribed contraception with policymakers, patients, and other healthcare professionals.
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Wheeler, Amanda J., Claire L. O'Reilly, Sarira El-Den, Joshua Byrnes, Robert S. Ware, and Sara S. McMillan. "Bridging the gap between physical and mental illness in community pharmacy (PharMIbridge): protocol for an Australian cluster randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open 10, no. 7 (July 2020): e039983. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039983.
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IntroductionThere is a significant life expectancy gap attributable to physical comorbidities for people living with severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI) compared with the general population. Medications are a major treatment for SPMI management and physical illnesses, hence pharmacists are well positioned to support mental healthcare and comorbidities. The randomised controlled trial (RCT) aim is to evaluate effectiveness of an individualised, pharmacist led, support service for people experiencing SPMI focusing on medication adherence and physical comorbidity management, compared with standard care (a medication-management service; MedsCheck).Methods and analysisPharMIbridge is a cluster RCT, whereby community pharmacies in four Australian regions will be randomised (1:1 ratio), to either Intervention Group (IG) or Comparator Group (CG). All IG and CG pharmacy staff will receive Blended-Mental Health First Aid training. Additionally, IG pharmacists will receive further training on medication adherence, goal setting, motivational interviewing, managing physical health concerns and complex issues relating to psychotropic medication. CG pharmacists will not receive additional training, and will provide standard care (MedsCheck). The primary outcome will be change in participants medication adherence for psychotropic medication over 6-months. Using mixed-effects logistic regression model and a cluster size of 48 pharmacies, a total of 190 participants will need to be recruited to each arm to find a statistically significant difference in medication adherence. Secondary outcomes will be changes in factors associated with cardiometabolic risk and quality of life, emphasising physical and psychological well-being; medication-related problems; adherence to other prescribed medication; pharmacists knowledge, confidence and ability to support people experiencing SPMI; and effects on healthcare utilisation. A within RCT-based economic evaluation comparing the intervention with standard care will be undertaken.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol and pharmacist training programme received Griffith University Human Research Ethics Committee approval (HREC/2019/473 and HREC/2019/493 respectively). Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and available at the Sixth Community Pharmacy Agreement website (http://6cpa.com.au/about-6cpa/).Trial registration numberANZCTR12620000577910.
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Mak, Vivienne S. L., Alice Clark, Geoff March, and Andrew L. Gilbert. "The Australian pharmacist workforce: employment status, practice profile and job satisfaction." Australian Health Review 37, no. 1 (2013): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah12180.
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Objective. The aims were to determine Australian registered pharmacists’ current employment status, practice profile and professional satisfaction. Method. A questionnaire was mailed to all registered pharmacists (n = 7764) on the Pharmacy Boards of Victoria and South Australia’s registers; 19 were returned undeliverable. Quantitative data were entered and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 17. Qualitative data were subjected to a thematic analysis. Results. 1627 (21%) pharmacists responded: 259 (16%) were registered as pharmacists but no longer worked in the pharmacy profession. A total of 1366 respondents reported still working as pharmacists. Of the 1366, 912 (67%) indicated that they spend most of their time in a clinical area; 233 (17%) spend most of their time in ‘non-clinical pharmacist work (i.e. dispensing as technical supply)’; 216 (16%) worked in other non-clinical roles and; 1053 (77%) were professionally satisfied. Conclusion. Measuring the pharmacist workforce based on registration data significantly overestimates the available clinical pharmacist workforce: 708 (44%) respondents were no longer working in the profession, were not mainly involved in clinical practice or were working in non-clinical roles. A significant re-professionalisation program is needed if pharmacists’ unique knowledge and skills are to contribute to better healthcare delivery. What is known about the topic? A well trained and sufficient workforce is an essential requirement if the objectives of Australia’s healthcare reform agenda are to be met. For the pharmacy profession, a change in practice profile of pharmacists from a product supply focus to a patient care focus is also required. Recent workforce studies have used pharmacist registration data to model the supply of pharmacists. What does this paper add? This paper reports on a survey of registered pharmacists to more closely examine the available pharmacist workforce. The insights into the current employment status and practice profile of pharmacists provide an understanding of the available clinical pharmacist workforce. What are the implications for practitioners? Previous workforce modelling may seriously overestimate the ‘available’ pharmacist workforce to meet the needs of the community as the health reform agenda rolls out. Strategies are needed to retain pharmacists within the pharmacy profession, and to attract and retain pharmacists in clinical roles.
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Albassam, Abdullah, and Abdelmoneim Awad. "Community pharmacists’ services for women during pregnancy and breast feeding in Kuwait: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 8, no. 1 (January 2018): e018980. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018980.
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ObjectivesThis study was designed to identify the services provided by community pharmacists in Kuwait and their views regarding self-care in pregnancy and lactation. In addition, it determined the pharmacists’ recommendations for treatment of pregnancy-related and breast feeding-related ailments.DesignCross-sectional questionnaire-based survey.SettingCommunity pharmacies in Kuwait.Participants207 pharmacies were randomly selected from the Ministry of Health database. One registered pharmacist was approached from each pharmacy. One hundred and ninety-two (92.8%) pharmacists agreed to participate and completed a self-administered questionnaire.OutcomesThe proportions of pharmacists offering particular advice for health conditions in pregnancy and lactation, pharmacists’ recommendations for common and specific ailments during pregnancy and breast feeding, and pharmacists’ views about self-care in pregnancy and breast feeding.ResultsThe top services provided to pregnant and lactating women were recommending vitamins and food supplements (89.8%) and contraception advice (83.4%), respectively. More than half of participants indicated that they would recommend medications for headache, constipation, cough, runny nose, sore throat, nausea/vomiting, indigestion, sore or cracked nipple and insufficient milk. Diarrhoea, haemorrhoids, insomnia, varicose vein, swelling of the feet and legs, vaginal itching, back pain, fever, mastitis and engorgement were frequently referred to the physician. Recommendations on medication use were occasionally inappropriate in terms of unneeded drug therapy, off-label use and safety. In relation to offering advice and solving medication and health problems of pregnant and lactating women, more than half of pharmacists indicated that they have sufficient knowledge (61.5%; 50.5%) and confidence (58.3%; 53.1%), respectively. Most of the respondents (88.5%) agreed that a continuing education programme on this topic would be of value for their practice.ConclusionThe present findings show that respondents had different recommendations for treatment of pregnancy-related and lactation-related ailments; and also highlight the need for interventions, including continuing professional development and revision of the undergraduate pharmacy curriculum.
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Peter, Mulholland. "P16 Pharmacist prescribing in neonatal intensive care units in the uk: an update." Archives of Disease in Childhood 103, no. 2 (January 19, 2018): e1.20-e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2017-314584.27.
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AimFollowing the amendment of the Misuse of Drugs Act in 2012,1 pharmacists have the same prescribing rights as medical prescribers. A survey in 20122 looked at how far this had been implemented in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) in the UK. This follow up survey looked at how much progress has been made in the past five years.MethodNeonatal and Paediatric Pharmacist Group (NPPG) members working in NICU were invited to complete an electronic survey to determine the extent of prescribing being undertaken and what, if any, barriers were encountered for this service development.Results40 responses were received, with the majority (23) working in Level 3 units. Just over half (56%) were prescribers, with 53% being independent prescribers. This compares with 47% and 40% in 2012. Of those not currently qualified only 8% had no plans to undertake the course (27% in 2012).The areas where pharmacists were prescribing were similar to 2012 with 70% prescribing in NICU or Special Care Baby Units (SCBU). As in 2012, 19% of those qualified were not prescribing.The majority of respondents were sole pharmacists on their units (54%), with 34% having two pharmacists and one unit had 4 pharmacists (all prescribers)Main medicines being prescribed were nutritional supplements (86%), Parenteral Nutrition (76%), antibiotics (76%), caffeine (67%) and reflux medication (62%). More pharmacists were prescribing controlled drugs (50%) and clinical trials medicines (12%), up from 5% and 2.5% respectively in 2012.Improvement in safety was seen as a benefit of pharmacist prescribing, with quicker access to medicines for patients. Freeing up medical staff time, allowing teams to focus on diagnosis and stabilising sick babies, was also seen as a benefit. Pharmacist prescribers can demonstrate good prescribing practices and set an example for other prescribers, particularly junior medical staff and trainee Advanced Neonatal Nurse Practitioners (ANNP)Pharmacists were generally seen as the most consistent presence on the unit and so are more aware of medication histories of patients, facilitating better discharge planning and communication with families regarding items such as unlicensed specials and prescribable feeds. Pharmacist’s knowledge of medicine formulations meant that they were more likely to consider if doses are measurable when prescribingIt was also felt that being a prescriber helped the pharmacist to integrate more into the multidisciplinary team.Few barriers were reported, with medical and nursing staff supporting the process. The main barriers were pharmacy related: funding being prioritised to adult services and the need for a second pharmacist to clinically check the prescribing were reported.ConclusionPharmacist prescribing has developed since the previous survey in 2012 with the process now embedded as routine practice in many units. Further support is required from pharmacy management to support this development.ReferencesThe Misuse of Drugs (Amendment No.2) (England, Wales and Scotland) Regulations2012 SI No 973.Mulholland P. Pharmacist prescribing in neonatal intensive care units in the UK. Arch Dis Child2013;98:e1. http://adc.bmj.com/cgi/content/abstract/98/6/e1-an?etoc
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Gudipati, Smitha, Deepak Bajracharya, Lenjana Jimee, Gina Maki, Marcus Zervos, Tyler Prentiss, and Linda Kaljee. "2031. Impact of Education and Antibiotic Guidelines on Dispensing Antibiotics with Community Pharmacists in a Low- and Middle-Income Country." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1711.
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Abstract Background Non-prescription use of antibiotics in low- and middle-income countries has contributed to significant antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Henry Ford Health System has partnered with multinational organizations in Nepal to address the need for increasing awareness of AMR and implementation of effective antimicrobial stewardship. This partnership confirmed the importance of increasing knowledge and awareness regarding AMR and antibiotic use to community pharmacists. The present pilot study assessed if outpatient antibiotic dispensing guidelines given to community pharmacists could result in a reduction of unneeded antibiotic use. Methods Nine community pharmacies from Kathmandu were selected of which two were used as controls. Seven pharmacists were educated on the appropriate use of antibiotics, and outpatient dispensing before and after guidelines at all pharmacies were evaluated. The pharmacists were given guidelines on antibiotic use and duration needed for common bacterial infections encountered. Controls were not given guidelines. At baseline and post-intervention (1 week), pill counts were performed of the top six antibiotics that were dispensed by the pharmacist. Pharmacists were requested to keep a log of how many antibiotics were dispensed for one week. The pharmacists also were requested to fill out a post-intervention educational assessment to evaluate retention. Results Pill count pre-intervention was 15,856 and 1512 and post-intervention was 11,168 and 1,440 in the intervention and control groups respectively (Table 1). A post-intervention educational assessment revealed that both the intervention and control groups believed antibiotics can treat viruses (57% vs. 50%) and that antibiotics do not kill good bacteria that protect the body from infection (57% vs. 50%) (Table 2). Conclusion There was no difference in the dispensing of antibiotics between pre- and post-intervention. The findings of this study show significant room for improvement in continuing education about antibiotic use in outpatient pharmacies. Further studies are needed to target outpatient antibiotic dispensing with education and identifying economic or other incentives in hopes of reducing the burden of AMR in low- and middle-income countries. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Fredrickson, Mary E., Hayley Terlizzi, Rikki L. Horne, and Stanley Dannemiller. "The role of the community pharmacist in veterinary patient care: a cross-sectional study of pharmacist and veterinarian viewpoints." Pharmacy Practice 18, no. 3 (August 6, 2020): 1928. http://dx.doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2020.3.1928.
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Background: The role of the community pharmacist is rapidly expanding to encompass the care of veterinary patients in the United States of America This change makes it imperative for pharmacists and veterinarians who practice in community settings to establish mutual agreement on the roles of pharmacists in the care of these patients.
Objective: To examine community-based pharmacist and veterinarian viewpoints on interprofessional collaboration and the role of the community pharmacist in veterinary patient care.
Methods: Cross-sectional surveys were sent to pharmacists and veterinarians who practice in a community setting in Ohio. Surveys collected demographic information and addressed the following themes: attitudes toward collaboration, perceived roles of the pharmacist, expectations of the pharmacist, and previous collaborative experiences. A chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.
Results: In total, 357 pharmacists and 232 veterinarians participated in the study. Both professions agreed that pharmacist-veterinarian collaboration is important in order to optimize veterinary patient care (chi-square (1, N=589)=7.7, p=0.006). Overall, veterinarians were more likely to identify an important role of the community pharmacist to be compounding medications (chi-square (1, N=589)=26.7, p<0.001) compared to counseling pet owners (chi-square (1, N=589)=171.7, p<0.001). Both groups reported similar levels of agreement regarding the importance for pharmacists to have adequate knowledge of veterinary medicine.
Conclusions: Our study found that while both pharmacists and veterinarians conveyed a positive attitude regarding interprofessional collaboration, they disagreed on what role the pharmacist should play in the care of veterinary patients. Rectifying the discordant perceptions of these health care professionals may be critical to developing collaborative initiatives and optimizing veterinary patient care.
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Houle, Sherilyn K. D., Kristina Kozlovsky, Heidi V. J. Fernandes, and Zahava Rosenberg-Yunger. "Uptake of Travel Health Services by Community Pharmacies and Patients Following Pharmacist Immunization Scope Expansion in Ontario, Canada." Pharmacy 7, no. 2 (April 13, 2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy7020035.
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In December 2016, pharmacists in Ontario, Canada with authorization to administer injections saw an expansion in their scope from a restriction to the influenza vaccination only to now including an additional 13 vaccine-preventable diseases, largely those related to travel. It was uncertain whether this change in scope would see sufficient uptake, or translate to a corresponding expansion in other travel health service offerings from community pharmacies. In October/November 2017 a survey was conducted of all licensed community pharmacists in Ontario, followed by semi-structured interviews with 6 survey respondents in June 2018. A web-based survey of members of the public from a single region of the province was also conducted in September 2018 to assess uptake of expanded vaccination services. Broad variability in uptake of these services was noted, ranging from the dispensing of travel-related medications and vaccinations only through to vaccine administration and prescribing under medical directive; however, uptake was generally at the lower end of this spectrum. This was evidenced by 94% of pharmacists reporting administering fewer than 10 travel vaccinations per month, fewer than 10% of patients reporting receiving a travel vaccine administered by a pharmacist, and a maximum of 30 pharmacies (of nearly 6000 in the province) designated to provide yellow fever vaccinations. Fewer than 1 in 3 pharmacists reported performing some form of pre-travel consultation in their practice, often limited to low-risk cases only. Barriers and facilitators reported were similar for these services as they were for other non-dispensing services, including insufficient time to integrate the service into their workload, perceived lack of knowledge and confidence in travel health, and low patient awareness of these new services available to them through community pharmacies.
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Hatah, Ernieda, Rhiannon Braund, Stephen Duffull, and June Tordoff. "General practitioners views of pharmacists current and potential contributions to medication review and prescribing in New Zealand." Journal of Primary Health Care 5, no. 3 (2013): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc13223.
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INTRODUCTION: Internationally, non-medical practitioners are increasingly involved in tasks traditionally undertaken by general practitioners (GPs), such as medication review and prescribing. This study aims to evaluate GPs perceptions of pharmacists contributions to those services. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were carried out in two localities with GPs whose patients had and had not undergone a pharmacist-led adherence support Medication Use Review (MUR). GPs were asked their opinions of pharmacists provision of MUR, clinical medication review and prescribing. Data were analysed thematically using NVivo 8 and grouped by strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) category. FINDINGS: Eighteen GPs were interviewed. GPs mentioned their own skills, training and knowledge of clinical conditions. These were considered GPs major strengths. GPs perceived weaknesses were their time constraints and heavy workloads. GPs thought pharmacists strengths were their knowledge of pharmacology and having more time for in-depth medication review than GPs. Nevertheless, GPs felt pharmacist-led medication reviews might confuse patients, and increase GP workloads. GPs were concerned that pharmacist prescribing might include pharmacists making a diagnosis. This is not the proposed model for New Zealand. In general, GPs were more accepting of pharmacists providing medication reviews than of pharmacist prescribing, unless appropriate controls, close collaboration and co-location of services took place. CONCLUSION: GPs perceived their own skills were well suited to reviewing medication and prescribing, but thought pharmacists might also have strengths and skills in these areas. In future, GPs thought that working together with pharmacists in these services might be possible in a collaborative setting. KEYWORDS: Community pharmacy services; general practitioners; New Zealand; primary health care; professional role
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Iakovlieva, Larysa, and Tetiana Bahlai. "STUDY OF AWARENESS OF PHARMACY EMPLOYEES IN UKRAINE WITH THE PROBLEM OF ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANCE." EUREKA: Health Sciences, no. 6 (November 29, 2020): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5679.2020.001530.
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Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is one of today's pressing challenges for scientists, healthcare, and pharmaceutical professionals. Pharmacies are often the first point of patient’s contact with the healthcare system, so the pharmacist must be a source of objective information about ABR and provide qualified advice on prescription and over-the-counter medications.
The aim: through questionnaires to identify the level of knowledge about antimicrobial drugs of systemic action in pharmacists and pharmacists in Ukraine, as well as to monitor their behavior on the recommendations and release of antimicrobials without a prescription.
Materials and methods. The survey was conducted among pharmacy employees from May 1, 2019, to February 11, 2020. The questionnaire consisted of closed and open questions, multiple-choice, and comparison questions.
Results showed high self-esteem of knowledge about antibiotics among respondents, but their answers to open questions indicate a lack of knowledge. Most pharmacists are ready to recommend antibacterial drugs for colds and SARS, whooping cough, sore throat with fever, diarrhea. 69 % of respondents believe that a doctor should prescribe antibacterial drugs, but at the same time, 74 % of respondents do not always or never ask for doctor's prescription for antibiotics.
Conclusions. We believe that more articles on antibiotic resistance should be published for pharmacists in order to improve their skills. Issues on this issue should be more actively covered in the curriculum and the process of postgraduate education (training). Pharmacists should also be reminded of the possibility of prescribing over-the-counter medicines to help patients with SARS.
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Del Fiol, Fernando de Sa, Silvio Barberato-Filho, Luciane Cruz Lopes, Cristiane da Cassia Bergamaschi, and Rodrigo Boscariol. "Assessment of Brazilian pharmacists’ knowledge about antimicrobial resistance." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 9, no. 03 (March 15, 2015): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.4853.
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Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AR) is a multifaceted problem of global significance. In addition to developing new drugs and using antimicrobial guidelines, it is essential that health professionals understand all aspects of the problem and the most effective ways to handle it. This study evaluated pharmacists’ level of knowledge about bacterial resistance and antibiotic use in Brazil. Methodology: The study was conducted using a survey provided electronically to pharmacists in São Paulo State, Brazil. Results: In total, 754 pharmacists completed the survey. The majority of the pharmacists were young (under 30 years of age), female, and worked in community pharmacies. Pharmacists who worked in hospital or community pharmacies reported a greater AR interference in their work than did pharmacists working in other locations (p < 0.05). With respect to factors that contribute to AR, pharmacists placed little weight on the role of inadequate hand washing or lack of immunization campaigns. The pharmacists also believed that vaccination was of limited value in combating AR and instead placed the highest value on educational campaigns. The study showed that pharmacists who used package inserts and advertising material as their source for updated information had a poorer understanding of the appropriate use of antibiotics than did those who obtained their information from scientific journals, textbooks, or scientific meetings. Conclusions: The results highlight the need for adequate information regarding AR to reach health professionals such as pharmacists. Governments should promote campaigns for integrated actions to combat the serious global problem presented by AR.