Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pharmacokinetics Drugs Drugs

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Pharmacokinetics Drugs Drugs'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Pharmacokinetics Drugs Drugs"

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Shikov, Alexander N., Elena V. Flisyuk, Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya, and Olga N. Pozharitskaya. "Pharmacokinetics of Marine-Derived Drugs." Marine Drugs 18, no. 11 (2020): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18110557.

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Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future.
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Stepensky, David. "Pharmacokinetics of Toxin-Derived Peptide Drugs." Toxins 10, no. 11 (2018): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins10110483.

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Toxins and venoms produced by different organisms contain peptides that have evolved to have highly selective and potent pharmacological effects on specific targets for protection and predation. Several toxin-derived peptides have become drugs and are used for the management of diabetes, hypertension, chronic pain, and other medical conditions. Despite the similarity in their composition (amino acids as the building blocks), toxin-derived peptide drugs have very profound differences in their structure and conformation, in their physicochemical properties (that affect solubility, stability, etc.), and subsequently in their pharmacokinetics (the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination following their administration to patients). This review summarizes and critically analyzes the pharmacokinetic properties of toxin-derived peptide drugs: (1) the relationship between the chemical structure, physicochemical properties, and the pharmacokinetics of the specific drugs, (2) the major pharmacokinetic properties and parameters of these drugs, and (3) the major pharmacokinetic variability factors of the individual drugs. The structural properties of toxin-derived peptides affect their pharmacokinetics and pose some limitations on their clinical use. These properties should be taken into account during the development of new toxin-derived peptide drugs, and for the efficient and safe use of the clinically approved drugs from this group in the individual patients.
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Scheyer, Richard, and Joyce Cramer. "Pharmacokinetics of Antiepileptic Drugs." Seminars in Neurology 10, no. 04 (1990): 414–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1063986.

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LIPWORTH, BRIAN J. "Pharmacokinetics of inhaled drugs." British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 42, no. 6 (1996): 697–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2125.1996.00493.x.

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Browne, T. R. "Pharmacokinetics of antiepileptic drugs." Neurology 51, Issue 5, Supplement 4 (1998): S2—S7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.51.5_suppl_4.s2.

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McIlleron, Helen, and Hermien Gous. "Pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral drugs in infancy." Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine 10, no. 4 (2009): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v10i4.260.

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Infancy (from birth until 1 year of age) is a time of rapid changes within the body of a child. These changes affect pharmacokinetics in many ways. The CHER study1 showed that early antiretroviral treatment reduces mortality and disease progression amongst infants acquiring HIV infection before 12 weeks of age. As a result the World Health Organization has recently revised treatment initiation recommendations in children less than one year of age: all infants under 12 months of age with confirmed HIV infection should be started on antiretroviral therapy, irrespective of clinical or immunological stage2. Dosing in infants is challenging because drug concentrations are highly variable, there is frequently scant pharmacokinetic information in young children, and few suitable drug formulations are available. Furthermore, adherence to treatment is reliant on the caregiver, rather than the patient. Peri- and postnatal HIV transmission are reduced by maternal highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART). However, the benefits and risks to breast fed infants of exposure to maternal antiretroviral drugs during lactation are poorly understood. 
 
 In this article we review the pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral drugs relevant to South African infants, and highlight some of the challenges to delivering antiretroviral treatment in safe and effective doses.
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Ziółkowski, H., J. J. Jaroszewski, N. Ziółkowska, and A. Jasiecka. "Characteristics of selected second-generation antiepileptic drugs used in dogs." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 15, no. 3 (2012): 571–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10181-012-0088-1.

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Abstract A significant number of cases of clinical canine epilepsy remain difficult to control in spite of the applied treatment. At the same time, the range of antiepileptic drugs is increasingly wide, which allows efficient treatment. In the present paper we describe the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the newer antiepileptic drugs which were licensed after 1990 but are still not widely used in veterinary medicine. The pharmacokinetic profiles of six of these drugs were tested on dogs. The results of experimental studies suggest that second generation antiepileptic drugs may be applied in mono- as well as in poli- treatment of canine epilepsy because of the larger safety margin and more advantageous pharmacokinetic parameters. Knowledge of the drugs’ pharmacokinetics allows its proper clinical appliance, which, in turn, gives the chance to improve the efficiency of pharmacotherapy of canine epilepsy.
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White, Nicholas J. "Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Antimalarial Drugs." Clinical Pharmacokinetics 10, no. 3 (1985): 187–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003088-198510030-00001.

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Edwards, Geoffrey, and Alasdair M. Breckenridge. "Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Anthelmintic Drugs." Clinical Pharmacokinetics 15, no. 2 (1988): 64–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003088-198815020-00001.

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Evans, William E., and Mary V. Relling. "Clinical Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynamicsof Anticancer Drugs." Clinical Pharmacokinetics 16, no. 6 (1989): 327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003088-198916060-00001.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pharmacokinetics Drugs Drugs"

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Chigutsa, Emmanuel. "Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodyamic modeling of antitubercular drugs." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3275.

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Includes abstract.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>The pharmacokinetics of rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol in 78 patients with tuberculosis were described using non-linear mixed effects modeling. Pharmacodynamic data was comprised of weekly sputum liquid culture (using mycobacterial growth indicator tubes) time to detection results from 144 patients during the first 2 months of treatment. The effect of drug exposure on patient outcomes was investigated. To determine the adequacy of ofloxacin drug exposure, the probability of attaining the required area-under-the-curve to minimum inhibitory concentration ratio (AUC/MIC) of ofloxacin was determined in 65 patients on treatment for multidrug resistant tuberculosis. To improve efficiency in the clinical development of new drug regimens, clinical trial simulation was used to determine the optimal study design for a study investigating the efficacy of a new antitubercular drug regimen. The SLCO1B1 rs4149032 polymorphism existed at a high frequency of 0.70 in South Africans and resulted in a 28% decrease in bioavailability of rifampicin. The rifampicin peak concentration was a significant predictor of the 2 month treatment outcomes. A semimechanistic time to event model was developed to analyze days to positivity (time to detection) data. The model was comprised of a biexponential decay model describing bacillary decline in sputum from patients, followed by a logistic model with a lag time for growth of the mycobacteria in liquid culture. For the current 800 mg daily dose of ofloxacin, the probability of attaining an AUC/MIC target ratio of at least 100 was only 0.45. Based on clinical trial simulation, the optimum parallel study design was comprised of 125 study participants in each of 2 arms to achieve a study power of at least 80%. Increasing the study length beyond 42 days reduced study power perhaps due to increased amounts of censored data. Higher doses of rifampicin are required in the majority of South African patients with tuberculosis. A novel pharmacodynamic model of tuberculosis treatment is presented, which can be used for investigation of covariates such as drug exposure. Ofloxacin should be replaced with a more potent fluoroquinolone for treatment of multidrug resistant tuberculosis. Clinical trials should not be unduly long otherwise this may compromise study power.
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Olsén, Lena. "Drugs in horses : pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics /." Uppsala : Dept. of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200737.pdf.

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Song, Di. "Bladder tissue pharmacokinetics of anticancer drugs /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487940308433249.

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Wang, Shining. "DRUG DEVELOPMENT OF TARGETED ANTICANCER DRUGS BASED ON PK/PD INVESTIGATIONS." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2008. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/2535.

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Pharmaceutics<br>Ph.D.<br>EGFR inhibitors, such as gefitinib, are examples of targeted anticancer drugs whose drug sensitivity is related to gene mutations that adds a pharmacogenetic [PG] dimension to any pharmacokinetic [PK] and pharmacodynamic [PD] analysis. The goal of this project was to characterize the PK/PD properties of gefitinib in tumors and then apply these results to design rational drug design regimens, and provide a foundation for future studies with EGFR inhibitors. Progressions of in vitro and in vivo studies were completed to understand the PK and PD behavior of gefitinib. In vitro cytotoxicity assays were first conducted to confirm the gefitinib sensitivity differences in a pair of human glioblastoma cell lines, LN229-wild-type EGFR and LN229-EGFRvIII mutant, an EGFR inhibitor-sensitizing mutation. Subsequent in vitro PD studies identified phosphorylated-ERK1/2 (pERK) as a common PD marker for both cell lines. To describe the most salient features of drug disposition and dynamics in the tumor, groups of mice bearing either subcutaneous LN229-wild-type EGFR or LN229-EGFRvIII mutant tumors were administered gefitinib at doses of 10 mg/kg intravenously (IV), 50 mg/kg intraarterially (IA) and 150 mg/kg orally (PO). In each group, gefitinib plasma and tumor concentrations were quantitated, as were tumoral pERK. Hybrid physiologically-based PK/PD models were developed for each tumor type, which consisted of a forcing function describing the plasma drug concentration-profile, a tumor compartment depicting drug disposition in the tumor, and a mechanistic target-response PD model characterizing pERK in the tumor. Gefitinib showed analogous PK properties in each tumor type, yet different PD characteristics consistent with the EGFR status of the tumors. Using the PK/PD model for each tumor type, simulations were done to define multiple-dose regimens for gefitinib that yielded equivalent PD profiles of pERK in each tumor type. Based on the designed PK/PD equivalent dosing regimens for each tumor type, gefitinib 150 mg/kg PO qd × 15 days and 65 mg/kg PO qd × 15 days multiple-dose studies were conducted in wild-type EGFR and EGFRvIII mutant tumor groups, respectively. In each tumor group, gefitinib plasma and tumor concentrations were measured on both day 1 and day 15, as were tumoral amounts of pERK. Different from single-dose model simulations, gefitinib showed nonlinear PK property in the wild-type tumor due to the down-regulation of membrane transporter ABCG2. Moreover, acquired resistance of tumoral pERK inhibition was observed in both tumor types. Nevertheless, gefitinib had an analogous growth suppression action in both tumor groups, supporting the equivalent PD dosing strategy. Overall, single-dose gefitinib PK/PD investigations in a pair of genetically distinct glioblastomas facilitated the development of hybrid physiologically-based PK/PD models for each tumor type, and further introduced a novel concept of PK/PD equivalent dosing regimens which could be applied in novel drug development paradigms. Preliminary multiple-dose gefitinib studies revealed more complex PK/PD characteristics that needed to be further explored.<br>Temple University--Theses
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James, Devona Gwen. "The degradation of drugs in formaldehyde." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1149.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 100 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 98-99).
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Yeh, Teng-Kuang. "Pharmacokinetics of anti-aids and anti-cancer drugs : implications on drug delivery and drug interaction /." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148654688938101.

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Mashile, Tumelo Rameleko. "Enantioanalysis of pharmaceutical compounds." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02222007-195248.

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Reis, Margareta. "Pharmacokinetics of antidepressant drugs : naturalistic and clinical trials /." Linköping : Univ, 2003. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2003/med783s.pdf.

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Hammann, Felix. "Prediction of transport, pharmacokinetics, and effect of drugs /." Basel : [s.n.], 2009. http://edoc.unibas.ch/diss/DissB_8905.

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Zhang, Yuan. "The role of drug disposition genes for variability in the pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral drugs." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2013. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/9075/.

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The failure of highly active antiretroviral therapy may be due to pharmacological factors such as drug transporters and metabolism enzymes. Drug transporters and metabolism enzymes played complementary roles in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion by biotransformation and counter-transport, particularly in the intestine while nuclear receptors as transcription factors regulate the expression of drug transporters and metabolism enzymes. In this thesis, a positive correlation between nuclear receptors expression and the expression of ABC transporters and OATP transporters in intestine were observed while a negative correlation was found between the gene expression of nuclear receptors and cytochrome P450 enzymes in intestine. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes could potentially impact on gene expression of drug transporters and metabolism enzymes. The polymorphisms of nuclear receptors were associated with the expression of ABC transporters. Drug concentrations have a high inter-individual variability in patients receiving the same dose of antiretroviral drugs, which could affect outcome of antiretroviral therapy. There are many factors that may affect plasma concentrations such as age, gender, body weight, ethnicity, genetic factors and so on. In a Ghanaian cohort, a negative correlation was found between the body weight and the EFV plasma concentration. Genetic factors such as the polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 enzymes also influenced efavirenz plasma concentrations. Meanwhile, efavirenz plasma concentrations were associated with the viral load in plasma within a UK cohort. Nanomedicine involves new and promising technologies that may enable and improve the targeted delivery of antiretroviral drugs. The permeability of lopinavir in the Caco-2 cell line was improved by formulation of nanodispersions. However, the permeability of efavirenz was decreased for all nanodispersions in MDCKII and MDCKII-ABCB5 cell lines. Comparing efficiency of efavirenz nanodispersions transcellular permeability in MDCKII and MDCKII-ABCB5 cell lines indicated that ABCB5 is able to transport efavirenz when incubated as dissolved molecule or nanodispersion. It is support by the copy number variation of ABCB5 had no relationship with EFV plasma concentrations. In summary, this thesis has attempted to determine the pharmacological factors influencing pharmacokinetics of HIV drugs, including drug transporters, metabolism enzymes and nuclear receptors. Data illustrating the factors that influence efavirenz plasma concentrations which are important for viral suppression were also generated. Furthermore, the nanodispersion technology is worthy of further study in order to improve drug delivery and drug distribution of antiretroviral drugs.
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Books on the topic "Pharmacokinetics Drugs Drugs"

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Welling, Peter G., and Luc P. Balant, eds. Pharmacokinetics of Drugs. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78680-8.

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1935-, Shader Richard I., ed. Pharmacokinetics in clinical practice. Saunders, 1985.

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Welling, Peter G. Pharmacokinetics of cardiovascular, central nervous system, and antimicrobial drugs. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1985.

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Bourne, D. W. A. Pharmacokinetics for the non-mathematical. MTP Press, 1986.

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Smith, Dennis A. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism in drug design. Wiley-VCH, 2001.

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Gerontokinetics: Pharmacokinetics of drugs in the elderly and aged. Telford Press, 1988.

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Lees, Peter, Fiona M. Cunningham, and Elliott Jonathan. Comparative and veterinary pharmacology. Springer, 2010.

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Harvey, Wong, Hop, Cornelis E.C.A., and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Quick Guide. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2011.

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Craigmill, Arthur L. Handbook of comparative pharmacokinetics and residues of veterinary therapeutic drugs. CRC Press, 1994.

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Psychotropic drugs and the elderly. W.W. Norton, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Pharmacokinetics Drugs Drugs"

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Dong, Hanqing, Xiaochuan Guo, and Zengbiao Li. "Pharmacokinetics of Chiral Drugs." In Chiral Drugs. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118075647.ch9.

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Perucca, E., and A. Richens. "Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Antiepileptic Drugs." In Antiepileptic Drugs. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69518-6_24.

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Khojasteh, Siamak Cyrus, Harvey Wong, and Cornelis E. C. A. Hop. "Approved Drugs." In Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Quick Guide. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5629-3_11.

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McMartin, C. "Peptide and Protein Drugs." In Pharmacokinetics of Drugs. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78680-8_13.

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Welling, P. G. "Role of Pharmacokinetics in Drug Discovery and Development." In Pharmacokinetics of Drugs. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78680-8_1.

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Pelkonen, O., and D. D. Breimer. "Role of Environmental Factors in the Pharmacokinetics of Drugs: Considerations with Respect to Animal Models, P-450 Enzymes, and Probe Drugs." In Pharmacokinetics of Drugs. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78680-8_10.

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Holford, N. H. G., and T. M. Ludden. "Time Course of Drug Effect." In Pharmacokinetics of Drugs. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78680-8_11.

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Ferraiolo, B. L., R. J. Wills, and M. A. Mohler. "Biotechnology Products." In Pharmacokinetics of Drugs. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78680-8_12.

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Kantrowitz, J., and A. Yacobi. "Toxicokinetics." In Pharmacokinetics of Drugs. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78680-8_14.

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Steimer, J. L., S. Vozeh, A. Racine-Poon, N. Holford, and R. O’Neill. "The Population Approach: Rationale, Methods, and Applications in Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Development." In Pharmacokinetics of Drugs. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78680-8_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pharmacokinetics Drugs Drugs"

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Lee, Jae-Hwan, and Ramana M. Pidaparti. "An Implantable Device Design Concept for Ocular Drug Delivery." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80176.

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New drugs for curing eye diseases have been developing for a decade and are very unique for each eye diseases such as glaucoma, cataracts, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). It is estimated that 1.6 million adults in the US over the age of 50 and above suffer from age-related macular degeneration and about 200,000 cases are diagnosed annually. Worldwide, about 500,000 cases are diagnosed annually [1]. Drugs currently utilized for AMD are delivered via repeated intravitreal injections of the drug into the eye. Risks of repeated intravitreal injections can include intraocular infections (endophthalmitis), intraocular hemorrhage, and retinal detachment. Also, reducing the frequency of dosing will clearly benefit the patient by reducing the need for risky intravitreal injections and improving the pharmacokinetics of the drug in the eye. The eye disease of posterior segment (Dry and Wet) has limits to deliver the drug to retina region using typical eye drop. The drug injection using a needle with syringe can deliver but it barely provide right amount of doses, or over doses that may cause more severe problem such as swelling, fatigue, and damaging photoreceptor molecules. Furthermore, most drugs run away in a month so that repeated injection is necessary. Developing an implantable drug delivery device will help reduce the costs and risks associated with frequent injections and facilitate delivering the drug in a controlled manner and in the required amounts, and improve therapeutic efficacy and safety of drugs. This study focuses on the design, simulation and development of the implantable ocular drug delivery device.
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Scherf-Clavel, M., L. Samanski, R. Burger, J. Deckert, A. Menke, and S. Unterecker. "Differences in the pharmacokinetics of psychopharmacological drugs between smokers and nonsmokers." In XIIIth Symposium of the Task Force Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of the AGNP. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1649541.

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Caron, Whitney P., Harvey Clewell, Robert Dedrick, et al. "Abstract 373: Allometric scaling of the pharmacokinetics of pegylated liposomal anticancer drugs." In Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-373.

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Shafahi, Maryam, and Parham Piroozan. "Model of Drug Delivery to the Eye." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-39438.

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Ocular diseases cause vision deficiency and blindness in a substantial number of people in the world every day. Therefore, a controlled and sustained system of drug delivery to a specific spot within the eye is of interest for the ophthalmology community. The unique and complicated anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of the eye make this organ highly resistant to drug delivery systems. The major challenge is to improve the efficiency of each treatment method along with avoiding the invasive techniques which damage the eye’s protective barrier tissues. In this work we make a computer model for the drug delivery to the anterior sections of the eye and provide a summary of transport characteristics of the eye, pharmacokinetics and efficacy of the utilized drugs. A two dimensional finite element model is utilized to solve the conservation of mass and momentum equations within different eye sub-domains such as cornea, anterior chamber, iris and sclera. The commercial software Comsol Multiphysics was utilized to obtain the profile of concentration in the eye and the grid independency of the numerical results has been checked. The results are being shown in terms of transient drug concentration profile in the eye subdomains. The influence of the modeling parameters on the efficiency of the drug delivery system is studied. The effect of physical variables such as drug molecular size and its bioavailability are investigated. The results are compared with the available literature data which are based on the drug diffusion within the domain.
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Shimada, Takashi, Noriko Iwamoto, Sho Saeki, Ji-ichiro Sasaki, Taka-Aki Sato, and Akinobu Hamada. "Abstract 2962: Development of the LCMS bioanalysis for clinical pharmacokinetics of antibody drugs using Fab-selective limited proteolysis (nSMOL)." In Proceedings: AACR 107th Annual Meeting 2016; April 16-20, 2016; New Orleans, LA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-2962.

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Tourlomousis, Filippos, and Robert C. Chang. "2D and 3D Multiscale Computational Modeling of Dynamic Microorgan Devices as Drug Screening Platforms." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52734.

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The ability to incorporate three-dimensional (3D) hepatocyte-laden hydrogel constructs using layered fabrication approaches into devices that can be perfused with drugs enables the creation of dynamic microorgan devices (DMDs) that offer an optimal analog of the in vivo liver metabolism scenario. The dynamic nature of such in vitro metabolism models demands reliable numerical tools to determine the optimum process, material, and geometric parameters for the most effective metabolic conversion of the perfused drug into the liver microenvironment. However, there is a current lack of literature that integrates computational approaches to guide the optimum design of such devices. The groundwork of the present numerical study has been laid by our previous study [1], where the authors modeled in 2D an in vitro DMD of arbitrary dimensions and identified the modeling challenges towards meaningful results. These constructs are hosted in the chamber of the microfluidic device serving as walls of the microfluidic array of channels through which a fluorescent drug substrate is perfused into the microfluidic printed channel walls at a specified volumetric flow rate assuring Stokes flow conditions (Re&lt;&lt;1). Due to the porous nature of the hydrogel walls, a metabolized drug product is collected at the outlet port. A rigorous FEM based modeling approach is presented for a single channel parallel model geometry (1 free flow channel with 2 porous walls), where the hydrodynamics, mass transfer and pharmacokinetics equations are solved numerically in order to yield the drug metabolite concentration profile at the DMD outlet. The fluid induces shear stresses are assessed both in 3D, with only 27 cells modeled as single compartment voids, where all of the enzymatic reactions are assumed to take place. In this way, the mechanotransduction effect that alters the hepatocyte metabolic activity is assessed for a small scale model. This approach overcomes the numerical limitations imposed by the cell density (∼1012 cells/m3) of the large scale DMD device. In addition, a compartmentalization technique is proposed in order to assess the metabolism process at the subcellular level. The numerical results are validated with experiments to reveal the robustness of the proposed modeling approach and the necessity of scaling the numerical results by preserving dynamic and biochemical similarity between the small and large scale model.
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Sadiq, Muhammad Waqas, Olaf Holz, Birthe Ellinghusen, et al. "Late Breaking Abstract - Spatial pharmacokinetics of inhaled drugs in human lung – evaluation of regional lung targeting by direct sampling of epithelial lining fluid." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.oa2103.

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Teo, Ka Yaw, and Bumsoo Han. "Freezing-Assisted Intracellular Drug Delivery to Multi-Drug Resistant Cancer Cells." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192373.

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The efficacy of chemotherapy is significantly impaired by multi-drug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells. The mechanism of MDR is associated with the overexpression of certain ATP-binding cassette protein transporters in plasma membranes. These transporters actively keep intracellular drug concentration below the cell-killing threshold by extruding cytotoxic drugs. Various strategies to overcome MDR have been proposed and have shown promising results at the laboratory level. However, pharmacokinetic alteration of co-administered anticancer agents reduces their clinical effectiveness. This leads to increased toxicity and undesirable side effects at effective concentrations [1]. Hence, a clinically feasible strategy to overcome the phenomenon of MDR is highly desired.
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Blanco, Elvin, Takafumi Sangai, Funda Meric-Bernstam, and Mauro Ferrari. "Chemotherapeutic Synergy Enhancement Through Micellar Nanotherapeutics." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13263.

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Current chemotherapeutic regimens involve the administration of a combination of agents with hopes of gaining synergistic cell-killing effects observed in vitro. However, drug synergy is rarely realized clinically given the different pharmacokinetic profiles of the drugs. Recent findings show that a combination of rapamycin and paclitaxel proves highly effective at hindering growth of tumors wherein the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Our objective was to fabricate a micellar nanotherapeutic platform capable of delivering a multitude of agents shown to synergistically affect a specific pathway (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) in breast cancer. We hypothesized that this concomitant delivery strategy will result in increased antitumor efficacy, given the site-specific and controlled delivery of the two agents. Herein, we demonstrate the successful fabrication of a nanotherepeutic strategy for the treatment of breast tumors with aberrant PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. Resulting polymer micelles were small in size (∼30 nm) and showed high levels of drug incorporation efficiency of both rapamycin and paclitaxel. Current studies involve the examination of release kinetics and antitumor efficacy in in vitro and in vivo models.
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Evans, Conor L. "Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic tomography." In Visualizing and Quantifying Drug Distribution in Tissue V, edited by Conor L. Evans and Kin Foong Chan. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2587224.

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Reports on the topic "Pharmacokinetics Drugs Drugs"

1

Johnson, Corey, Colton James, Sarah Traughber, and Charles Walker. Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Implications in Neostigmine versus Sugammadex. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0005.

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Purpose/Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a frequent complaint in the postoperative period, which can delay discharge, result in readmission, and increase cost for patients and facilities. Inducing paralysis is common in anesthesia, as is utilizing the drugs neostigmine and sugammadex as reversal agents for non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers. Many studies are available that compare these two drugs to determine if neostigmine increases the risk of PONV over sugammadex. Sugammadex has a more favorable pharmacologic profile and may improve patient outcomes by reducing PONV. Methods: This review included screening a total of 39 studies and peer-reviewed articles that looked at patients undergoing general anesthesia who received non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers requiring either neostigmine or sugammadex for reversal, along with their respective PONV rates. 8 articles were included, while 31 articles were removed based on our exclusion criteria. These were published between 2014 and 2020 exclusively. The key words used were “neostigmine”, “sugammadex”, “PONV”, along with combinations “paralytic reversal agents and PONV”. This search was performed on the scholarly database MEDLINE. The data items were PONV rates in neostigmine group, PONV rates in sugammadex group, incidence of postoperative analgesic consumption in neostigmine group, and incidence of postoperative analgesic consumption in sugammadex group. Results: Despite numerical differences being noted in the incidence of PONV with sugammadex over reversal with neostigmine, there did not appear to be any statistically significant data in the multiple peer-reviewed trials included in our review, for not one of the 8 studies concluded that there was a higher incidence of PONV in one drug or the other of an y clinical relevance. Although the side-effect profile tended to be better in the sugammadex group than neostigmine in areas other than PONV, there was not sufficient evidence to conclude that one drug was superior to the other in causing a direct reduction of PONV. Implications for Nursing Practice: There were variable but slight differences noted between both drug groups in PONV rates, but it remained that none of the studies determined it was statically significant or clinically conclusive. This review did, however, note other advantages to sugammadex over neostigmine, including its pharmacologic profile of more efficiently reversing non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs and its more favorable pharmacokinetics. This lack of statistically significant evidence found within these studies consequentially does not support pharmacologic decision-making of one drug in favor of the other for reducing PONV; therefore, PONV alone is not a sufficient rationale for a provider to justify using one reversal over another at the current time until further research proves otherwise.
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Soliman, Tarik, Laura Hales, and Dan Hall. Enhancing the Pharmacokinetic Profile of Protein-Based Drugs. Defense Technical Information Center, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada607394.

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Noker, Patricia E. Preclinical Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Studies of Investigational New Drugs. Defense Technical Information Center, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada307633.

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Noker, Patricia E. Preclinical Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Studies of Investigational New Drugs. Defense Technical Information Center, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada425594.

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Noker, Patricia. Preclinical Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Studies of Investigational New Drugs. Defense Technical Information Center, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada274309.

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Hawkins, David R. Determination of Drug Pharmacokinetics and Metabolic Profile. Volume 2. Defense Technical Information Center, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada192428.

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Kamimori, Gary H. Effect of Time of Menstrual Cycle on Drug Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics. Defense Technical Information Center, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada409105.

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