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Journal articles on the topic 'Pharmacokinetics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Iorio, Alfonso. "Using pharmacokinetics to individualize hemophilia therapy." Hematology 2017, no. 1 (2017): 595–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2017.1.595.

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Abstract Prevention and treatment of bleeding in hemophilia requires that plasma clotting factor activity of the replaced factor exceeds a defined target level. Most clinical decisions in hemophilia are based on implicit or explicit application of pharmacokinetic measures. The large interindividual variability in pharmacokinetics of factor concentrates suggests that relying on the average pharmacokinetic characteristics of factor concentrates would not allow optimizing the treatment of individual patients; for example, adjusting the frequency of infusions and targeting a specific clotting fact

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Ashwaq, Abdulhamid Alahmadi* Maram Meshal Alsulami Khulud Khalid Alnami Mayssa Ahmed Assiri Ali Hussain Alnahwi. "PHARMACODYNAMICS AND PHARMACOKINETICS OF DIURETIC AGENTS." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 05, no. 12 (2018): 14266–70. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1974245.

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<em>Diuretic agents are commonly prescribed medications in various diseases such as hypertension, congestive heart disease, and several causes of oedema.</em> Different types of diuretics are currently available and, though their somehow closely similar mechanisms of action, their final effect depends primarily on their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. <em>Pharmacokinetics describe delivering the drug to the site of action in certain concentrations and at a certain time, whilst pharmacodynamics implies the final response of the diuretic agent at the active site of response. Unde

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Kamp, Jasper, Erik Olofsen, Thomas K. Henthorn, Monique van Velzen, Marieke Niesters, and Albert Dahan. "Ketamine Pharmacokinetics." Anesthesiology 133, no. 6 (2020): 1192–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000003577.

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Background Several models describing the pharmacokinetics of ketamine are published with differences in model structure and complexity. A systematic review of the literature was performed, as well as a meta-analysis of pharmacokinetic data and construction of a pharmacokinetic model from raw data sets to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate existing ketamine pharmacokinetic models and construct a general ketamine pharmacokinetic model. Methods Extracted pharmacokinetic parameters from the literature (volume of distribution and clearance) were standardized to allow comparison among studies

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Jeong, Seung-Hyun, Ji-Hun Jang, and Yong-Bok Lee. "Pharmacokinetic Comparison between Methotrexate-Loaded Nanoparticles and Nanoemulsions as Hard- and Soft-Type Nanoformulations: A Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling Approach." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 7 (2021): 1050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13071050.

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The purpose of this study was to identify and explore the differences in pharmacokinetics between different nanoformulations. This was done by comparing the pharmacokinetics of methotrexate-loaded nanoparticles [poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid); size of 163.70 ± 10.25 nm] and nanoemulsions (olive oil and Labrasol; size of 173.77 ± 5.76 nm), which represent hard- and soft-type nanoformulations, respectively. In addition, the population pharmacokinetic modeling approach as a useful tool for the comparison of pharmacokinetics between nanoformulations was newly proposed through this study. Significan

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Grzegorzewski, Jan, Janosch Brandhorst, Kathleen Green, et al. "PK-DB: pharmacokinetics database for individualized and stratified computational modeling." Nucleic Acids Research 49, no. D1 (2020): D1358—D1364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa990.

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Abstract A multitude of pharmacokinetics studies have been published. However, due to the lack of an open database, pharmacokinetics data, as well as the corresponding meta-information, have been difficult to access. We present PK-DB (https://pk-db.com), an open database for pharmacokinetics information from clinical trials. PK-DB provides curated information on (i) characteristics of studied patient cohorts and subjects (e.g. age, bodyweight, smoking status, genetic variants); (ii) applied interventions (e.g. dosing, substance, route of application); (iii) pharmacokinetic parameters (e.g. cle

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Tang, Bo-Hao, Yue-E. Wu, Chen Kou, et al. "Population Pharmacokinetics and Dosing Optimization of Amoxicillin in Neonates and Young Infants." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 63, no. 2 (2018): e02336-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.02336-18.

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ABSTRACT Amoxicillin is widely used to treat bacterial infections in neonates. However, considerable intercenter variability in dosage regimens of antibiotics exists in clinical practice. The pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin has been described in only a few preterm neonates. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the population pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin through a large sample size covering the entire age range of neonates and young infants and to establish evidence-based dosage regimens based on developmental pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics. This is a prospective, multicenter, pharmacokinetic study

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Li, Qiao, Yan Yang, Ting Zhou, et al. "A Compositive Strategy to Study the Pharmacokinetics of TCMs: Taking Coptidis Rhizoma, and Coptidis Rhizoma-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma as Examples." Molecules 23, no. 8 (2018): 2042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23082042.

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Pharmacokinetic studies are crucial for elucidating the effective constituents and formula compatibility of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). However, studies have usually been limited to single dosages and detection of systemic blood concentrations. To obtain comprehensive pharmacokinetic information, here we propose a multi-dosage and multi-sampling (blood from portal vein or systemic circulation, and liver) strategy to comparatively study the pharmacokinetics of multi-form TCMs, i.e., pure constituents, TCMs, or TCM formula extracts. Based on this strategy, we studied the pharmacokineti

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Toja-Camba, Francisco José, Nerea Gesto-Antelo, Olalla Maroñas, et al. "Review of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacogenetics in Atypical Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 7 (2021): 935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13070935.

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Over the last two decades, pharmacogenetics and pharmacokinetics have been increasingly used in clinical practice in Psychiatry due to the high variability regarding response and side effects of antipsychotic drugs. Specifically, long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics have different pharmacokinetic profile than oral formulations due to their sustained release characteristics. In addition, most of these drugs are metabolized by CYP2D6, whose interindividual genetic variability results in different metabolizer status and, consequently, into different plasma concentrations of the drugs. In t

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Jacobson, J. M., M. Davidian, P. M. Rainey, R. Hafner, R. H. Raasch, and B. J. Luft. "Pyrimethamine pharmacokinetics in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients seropositive for Toxoplasma gondii." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 40, no. 6 (1996): 1360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.40.6.1360.

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Pyrimethamine pharmacokinetics were studied in 11 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients who were seropositive for exposure to Toxoplasma gondii and were taking zidovudine (AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 102). Pyrimethamine was administered at 50 mg daily for 3 weeks to achieve steady state, and pharmacokinetic profiles were determined after administration of the last dose. Noncompartmental and compartmental analyses were performed. Population pharmacokinetic analysis assuming a one-compartment model yielded the following estimates: area under the 24-h concentration-time cur

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Albitar, Orwa, Sabariah Noor Harun, Hadzliana Zainal, Baharudin Ibrahim, and Siti Maisharah Sheikh Ghadzi. "Population Pharmacokinetics of Clozapine: A Systematic Review." BioMed Research International 2020 (January 8, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9872936.

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Background and Objective. Clozapine is a second-generation antipsychotic drug that is considered the most effective treatment for refractory schizophrenia. Several clozapine population pharmacokinetic models have been introduced in the last decades. Thus, a systematic review was performed (i) to compare published pharmacokinetics models and (ii) to summarize and explore identified covariates influencing the clozapine pharmacokinetics models. Methods. A search of publications for population pharmacokinetic analyses of clozapine either in healthy volunteers or patients from inception to April 20

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Urbánek, Karel. "Pharmacological characteristics of subcutaneously administered monoclonal antibodies." Gastroenterologie a hepatologie 77, no. 6 (2023): 539–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.48095/ccgh2023539.

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Summary: Subcutaneous administration is a simple method of parenteral administration with a minimum of possible complications, also suitable for home treatment. Moreover, it can be used to influence the pharmacokinetics of the administered drug. For therapeutically used monoclonal antibodies, it brings several advantages in terms of simplifying treatment and improving patient’s adherence. In addition, it appears that by targeting pharmacokinetic parameters, lower immunogenicity, and achievement of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic targets can be achieved and thus, likely improve treatment outcom

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Warren, Katherine E., Cynthia M. McCully, Thomas J. Walsh, and Frank M. Balis. "Effect of Fluconazole on the Pharmacokinetics of Doxorubicin in Nonhuman Primates." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 44, no. 4 (2000): 1100–1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.44.4.1100-1101.2000.

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ABSTRACT Antifungal prophylaxis in cancer patients who are undergoing chemotherapy is associated with prolonged neutropenia. We measured the effect of fluconazole on doxorubicin pharmacokinetics in nonhuman primates to determine if neutropenia is related to a pharmacokinetic interaction that delays the clearance of the chemotherapeutic agent. Fluconazole pretreatment had no effect on doxorubicin pharmacokinetics.

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Egan, Talmage D., Bernou Huizinga, Samir K. Gupta, et al. "Remifentanil Pharmacokinetics in Obese versus Lean Patients." Anesthesiology 89, no. 3 (1998): 562–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199809000-00004.

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Background Remifentanil is a short-acting opioid whose pharmacokinetics have been characterized in detail. However, the impact of obesity on remifentanil pharmacokinetics has not been specifically examined. The goal of this study was to investigate the influence of body weight on remifentanil pharmacokinetics. Methods Twelve obese and 12 matched lean subjects undergoing elective surgery received a 1-min remifentanil infusion after induction of anesthesia. Arterial blood samples were collected for determination of remifentanil blood concentrations. Each subject's pharmacokinetic parameters were

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Stepensky, David. "Pharmacokinetics of Toxin-Derived Peptide Drugs." Toxins 10, no. 11 (2018): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins10110483.

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Toxins and venoms produced by different organisms contain peptides that have evolved to have highly selective and potent pharmacological effects on specific targets for protection and predation. Several toxin-derived peptides have become drugs and are used for the management of diabetes, hypertension, chronic pain, and other medical conditions. Despite the similarity in their composition (amino acids as the building blocks), toxin-derived peptide drugs have very profound differences in their structure and conformation, in their physicochemical properties (that affect solubility, stability, etc

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15

Cook, Aaron M. "Pharmacokinetic Alterations of Antimicrobials in the Critically Ill." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 18, no. 2 (2005): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190004273568.

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Critical illness is accompanied by multiple physiologic alterations that affect the pharmacokinetics of antimicrobials. Although the pharmacokinetics of a number of antimicrobials have been studied in critically ill individuals, an understanding of the physiological alterations in critical illness and general pharmacokinetic principles of antimicrobials is imperative for appropriate selection, dosing, and prediction of toxicity.

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Muralidharan, Gopal, Richard J. Fruncillo, Marlynne Micalizzi, Donald G. Raible, and Steven M. Troy. "Effects of Age and Sex on Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics of Tigecycline in Healthy Subjects." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 49, no. 4 (2005): 1656–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.49.4.1656-1659.2005.

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ABSTRACT The pharmacokinetics of tigecycline was evaluated in 46 healthy young and elderly men and women. Except for the volumes of distribution at steady state (approximately 350 liters in women versus 500 liters in men), there were no significant differences in tigecycline pharmacokinetic parameters. Based on pharmacokinetics, no dosage adjustment is warranted based on age or sex.

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Pandit, Rahul, Mirjam A. F. M. Gerrits, and Eugène J. F. M. Custers. "Assessing Knowledge of Pharmacokinetics in an Integrated Medical Curriculum." Medical Science Educator 31, no. 6 (2021): 1967–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40670-021-01442-4.

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AbstractPharmacokinetics is the branch of pharmacology that describes how the body processes drugs. As most physicians will prescribe drugs during their career, knowledge of pharmacokinetics is indispensable for medical students. Students, however, experience pharmacokinetics as difficult, probably due to its abstract and mathematical nature. In many medical curricula, pharmacokinetic topics are taught and examined as a part of integrated medical courses. As pharmacokinetics is a relatively small subject, unit examinations contain only few questions on the topic. The combination of a difficult

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18

Fish, Douglas N., and Edward Abraham. "Pharmacokinetics of a Clarithromycin Suspension Administered via Nasogastric Tube to Seriously Ill Patients." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 43, no. 5 (1999): 1277–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.43.5.1277.

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ABSTRACT The pharmacokinetics of clarithromycin and its 14-(R)-hydroxylated metabolite were studied on two separate occasions after nasogastric administration of 500 mg of a clarithromycin suspension to 16 seriously ill adults in an intensive care unit. The clarithromycin suspension appeared to be adequately absorbed, and the pharmacokinetics of neither clarithromycin nor 14-(R)-hydroxyclarithromycin differed significantly between the two dosing periods. No substantial differences in pharmacokinetics were observed compared to previously published studies of other adult populations. Minimal int

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Hao, Guo-Xiang, Sophie Teng, Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain, and Wei Zhao. "DO WE HAVE A CONSENSUS TO APPLY MODEL-BASED AMINOGLYCOSIDE THERAPY: A REVIEW OF POPULATION PHARMACOKINETIC MODELS." Archives of Disease in Childhood 101, no. 1 (2015): e1.51-e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2015-310148.55.

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Background and ObjectiveAminoglycosides remain the standard antibiotic therapy for Gram-negative infections in both adults and children. The pharmacokinetic modeling approach has been widely used to evaluate aminoglycosides therapy. The aim of the present study is to review the published population pharmacokinetic models of commonly used aminoglycosides (gentamycin, amikacin and tobramycin), in order to determine if there was a consensus to apply model-based personalized aminoglycoside therapy in routine clinical practice.MethodsThe bibliographic search was performed electronically using PubMe

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Dolton, Michael J., Roger J. M. Brüggemann, David M. Burger, and Andrew J. McLachlan. "Understanding Variability in Posaconazole Exposure Using an Integrated Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 58, no. 11 (2014): 6879–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.03777-14.

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ABSTRACTPosaconazole oral suspension is widely used for antifungal prophylaxis and treatment in immunocompromised patients, with highly variable pharmacokinetics reported in patients due to inconsistent oral absorption. This study aimed to characterize the pharmacokinetics of posaconazole in adults and investigate factors that influence posaconazole pharmacokinetics byusing a population pharmacokinetic approach. Nonlinear mixed-effects modeling was undertaken for two posaconazole studies in patients and healthy volunteers. The influences of demographic and clinical characteristics, such as muc

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Mallick, Pankajini. "Utilizing in vitro transporter data in IVIVE-PBPK: an overview." ADMET and DMPK 5, no. 4 (2017): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5599/admet.5.4.441.

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In vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) integrated in physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models have been increasingly used during drug discovery and development processes to predict human pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters. Drug transporters can influence drug pharmacokinetics and are key aspects contributing to the development of a successful drug. This review provides a snapshot of challenges or shortcomings of in vitro and in vivo techniques for understanding the contribution of drug transporters to a drug’s pharmacokinetics. The paper also describes the potential of IVIVE-PBPK model

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García-Quintanilla, Laura, Andrea Luaces-Rodríguez, María Gil-Martínez, et al. "Pharmacokinetics of Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Drugs in Age-Related Macular Degeneration." Pharmaceutics 11, no. 8 (2019): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11080365.

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Intravitreal administration of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibodies has become the standard treatment for Age-Related Macular Degeneration; however, the knowledge of their pharmacokinetics is limited. A comprehensive review of the preclinical and clinical pharmacokinetic data that were obtained in different studies with intravitreal bevacizumab, ranibizumab, and aflibercept has been conducted. Moreover, the factors that can influence the vitreous pharmacokinetics of these drugs, as well as the methods that were used in the studies for analytical determination, have been ex

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Shikov, Alexander N., Elena V. Flisyuk, Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya, and Olga N. Pozharitskaya. "Pharmacokinetics of Marine-Derived Drugs." Marine Drugs 18, no. 11 (2020): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18110557.

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Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-deriv

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Amsden, Jarrett R., Paul O. Gubbins, Scott McConnell, and Elias Anaissie. "Steady-State Pharmacokinetics of Oral Voriconazole and Its Primary Metabolite,N-Oxide Voriconazole, Pre- and Post-Autologous Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57, no. 7 (2013): 3420–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00046-13.

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ABSTRACTVoriconazole (VCZ) is frequently utilized for prevention and treatment of invasive fungal infections in peripheral stem cell transplant (PSCT) patients. We performed an open-label pharmacokinetic study to compare VCZ andN-oxide voriconazole (N-oxide VCZ) pharmacokinetics in patients pre- and post-PSCT. Ten patients completed both sampling periods. The pharmacokinetics of VCZ were unchanged; however, those ofN-oxide VCZ were significantly different pre- and post-PSCT.

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Zhao, W., and TINN-Global Study Group. "P113 Population pharmacokinetics and dosing optimization of azlocillin in neonates." Archives of Disease in Childhood 104, no. 6 (2019): e64.3-e65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-esdppp.151.

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BackgroundAzlocillin is prescribed for the treatment of infections in neonatal clinical practice, however, the optimized dose is still questionable due to the lack of pharmacokinetic study Thus, we aim to evaluate the population pharmacokinetics of azlocillin and optimize dosing regimen in order to improve azlocillin treatment in neonates.MethodsThis is a prospective, open label pharmacokinetic study of azlocillin. Blood samples were collected using an opportunistic sampling design. Theplasma concentrations ofazlocillinwere determined by high performance liquid chromatography method with UV de

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Kalam, Muhammad Nasir, Muhammad Fawad Rasool, Asim Ur Rehman, and Naveed Ahmed. "Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Propranolol Hydrochloride: A Review." Current Drug Metabolism 21, no. 2 (2020): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389200221666200414094644.

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Background: Nobel laureate Sir James Black’s molecule, propranolol, still has broad potential in cardiovascular diseases, infantile haemangiomas and anxiety. A comprehensive and systematic review of the literature for the summarization of pharmacokinetic parameters would be effective to explore the new safe uses of propranolol in different scenarios, without exposing humans and using virtual-human modeling approaches. Objective: This review encompasses physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interaction data of propranolol collected from various studies. Methods: Clinical ph

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Mertens, Martijn J., Erik Olofsen, Anton G. L. Burm, James G. Bovill, and Jaap Vuyk. "Mixed-effects Modeling of the Influence of Alfentanil on Propofol Pharmacokinetics." Anesthesiology 100, no. 4 (2004): 795–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200404000-00008.

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Background The influence of alfentanil on the pharmacokinetics of propofol is poorly understood. Therefore, the authors studied the effect of a pseudo-steady state concentration of alfentanil on the pharmacokinetics of propofol. Methods The pharmacokinetics of propofol were studied on two occasions in eight male volunteers in a randomized crossover manner with a 3-week interval. While volunteers breathed 30% O2 in air, 1 mg/kg intravenous propofol was given in 1 min, followed by 3 mg.kg(-1).h(-1) for 59 min (sessions A and B). During session B, a target-controlled infusion of alfentanil (targe

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Ginsberg, Brian, Scott Howell, Peter S. A. Glass, et al. "Pharmacokinetic Model-driven Infusion of Fentanyl in Children." Anesthesiology 85, no. 6 (1996): 1268–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199612000-00007.

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Background This study determined the accuracy of previously defined adult fentanyl pharmacokinetics in children having surgery; from this population, the pharmacokinetics of fentanyl were characterized in children when administered via a computerized assisted continuous-infusion device. Methods Twenty children between the ages of 2.7 and 11 y scheduled to undergo elective noncardiac surgery were studied. After induction, anesthesia was maintained with 60% nitrous oxide in oxygen supplemented with fentanyl (n = 10) or fentanyl plus isoflurane (n = 10). Fentanyl was administered via computerized

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Bailey, James M. "Technique for Quantifying the Duration of Intravenous Anesthetic Effect." Anesthesiology 83, no. 5 (1995): 1095–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199511000-00024.

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Abstract Background Several recent studies have analyzed the relationship between pharmacokinetic parameters and the rate of decrease in concentration after discontinuation of a continuous drug infusion. Although these studies have clarified our understanding of those aspects of pharmacokinetics most relevant to anesthesia practice, they do not directly address the issue of the duration of drug effect, which will be a function of both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variables. This paper extends these concepts by presenting a method to unify pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in a measu

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Debnath, Subhashis, and T. H. Harish Kumar. "An Overview on Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacokinetic Modeling." Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Science 10, no. 2 (2020): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2231-5659.2020.00023.5.

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MacFadyen, Robert J., Peter A. Meredith, and Henry L. Elliott. "Enalapril Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Relationships." Clinical Pharmacokinetics 25, no. 4 (1993): 274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003088-199325040-00003.

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Schoenwald, R. D. "Modelling of ocular pharmacokinetic processes: Corneal pharmacokinetics." Experimental Eye Research 55 (September 1992): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-4835(92)91010-u.

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Mileva, R., and A. Milanova. "Doxycycline pharmacokinetics in mammalian species of veterinary interest – an overview." BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 25, no. 1 (2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2321.

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Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic widely used in veterinary medicine. The current review aims to summarise the available data about pharmacokinetics in mammalian species of veterinary interest and to indicate the basic strategies for refining dosage regimens in order to use this antibiotic reasonably. Additionally, the available data about population pharmacokinetics are reviewed as this approach exhibits a number of benefits in terms of determination of drug pharmacokinetics, prediction of drug disposition and interpretation of the variations in the pharmacokinetic par

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Child, Robert B., and Mark J. Tallon. "Cannabidiol (CBD) Dosing: Plasma Pharmacokinetics and Effects on Accumulation in Skeletal Muscle, Liver and Adipose Tissue." Nutrients 14, no. 10 (2022): 2101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14102101.

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Oral cannabidiol (CBD) consumption is widespread in North America and Europe, as it has analgesic, neuroprotective and antitumor effects. Although oral CBD consumption in humans affords beneficial effects in epileptic and inflammatory states, its pharmacokinetics and subsequent uptake into tissue are largely unknown. This study investigated plasma pharmacokinetics and accumulation of CBD in gastrocnemius muscle, liver and adipose tissue in adult rats following oral gavage. CBD was fed relative to body mass at 0 (control), 30, 115, or 230 mg/Kg/day for 28 days; with 6 males and 6 females per do

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Li, Hua. "Volumetric absorptive microsampling in pharmacokinetic studies." International Journal of Pharmacokinetics 4, no. 2 (2019): IPK04. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/ipk-2020-0001.

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Biography: Hua Li is currently a Bioanalytical Research Scientist in the NBE Pharmacokinetics Group in the Biotherapeutics Discovery Department at Boehringer Ingelheim (CT, USA). She earned her MA in molecular, cellular and developmental biology from the University of Kansas (KS, USA). While pursuing her master’s degree, she worked as a research assistant on Caenorhabditis elegans genetics. After graduation, she started my career as a research associate and laboratory manager at the Stem Cell Center of Yale University (CT, USA). Her main roles included investigating the essential proteins that

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Song, Shuliang, Qiang Wei, Ke Wang, et al. "Fluorescent Labeling of Polymannuronic Acid and Its Distribution in Mice by Tail Vein Injection." Marine Drugs 20, no. 5 (2022): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20050289.

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Polymannuronic acid (PM) possesses more pharmacological activities than sodium alginate, but there have been few studies on its absorption mechanism, tissue distribution, and pharmacokinetics. Studies of pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution are necessary to elucidate the pharmacological effects of PM. Thus, we used fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to produce fluorescently labeled PM (FITC-PM) and detected the distribution and pharmacokinetics of PM in vivo via tail vein injection. The results demonstrate that the FITC-PM showed high stability in different pH solutions. After the tail vein

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Song, Shuliang, Qiang Wei, Ke Wang, et al. "Fluorescent Labeling of Polymannuronic Acid and Its Distribution in Mice by Tail Vein Injection." Marine Drugs 20, no. 5 (2022): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20050289.

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Polymannuronic acid (PM) possesses more pharmacological activities than sodium alginate, but there have been few studies on its absorption mechanism, tissue distribution, and pharmacokinetics. Studies of pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution are necessary to elucidate the pharmacological effects of PM. Thus, we used fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to produce fluorescently labeled PM (FITC-PM) and detected the distribution and pharmacokinetics of PM in vivo via tail vein injection. The results demonstrate that the FITC-PM showed high stability in different pH solutions. After the tail vein

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Song, Shuliang, Qiang Wei, Ke Wang, et al. "Fluorescent Labeling of Polymannuronic Acid and Its Distribution in Mice by Tail Vein Injection." Marine Drugs 20, no. 5 (2022): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20050289.

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Polymannuronic acid (PM) possesses more pharmacological activities than sodium alginate, but there have been few studies on its absorption mechanism, tissue distribution, and pharmacokinetics. Studies of pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution are necessary to elucidate the pharmacological effects of PM. Thus, we used fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to produce fluorescently labeled PM (FITC-PM) and detected the distribution and pharmacokinetics of PM in vivo via tail vein injection. The results demonstrate that the FITC-PM showed high stability in different pH solutions. After the tail vein

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Cattaneo, Dario, Sara Baldelli, Matteo Cerea, et al. "Comparison of theIn VivoPharmacokinetics andIn VitroDissolution of Raltegravir in HIV Patients Receiving the Drug by Swallowing or by Chewing." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 56, no. 12 (2012): 6132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00942-12.

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ABSTRACTThe pharmacokinetics of raltegravir (RAL) in HIV patients is characterized by high interpatient/intrapatient variability. We investigated the potential contribution of the drug pharmaceutical formulation to RAL pharmacokinetics. We first comparedin vivothe pharmacokinetics of RAL for 67 patients to whom the drug was administered by swallowing the intact tablet with those obtained from 13 HIV-infected patients who chewed the RAL tablet due to swallowing difficulties. Subsequently, we evaluatedin vitrothe dissolution of RAL tablets under different conditions. In thein vivostudy, we found

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Agema, Bram C., Astrid W. Oosten, Sebastiaan D. T. Sassen, et al. "Population Pharmacokinetics of Oxycodone and Metabolites in Patients with Cancer-Related Pain." Cancers 13, no. 11 (2021): 2768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13112768.

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Oxycodone is frequently used for treating cancer-related pain, while not much is known about the factors that influence treatment outcomes in these patients. We aim to unravel these factors by developing a population-pharmacokinetic model to assess the pharmacokinetics of oxycodone and its metabolites in cancer patients, and to associate this with pain scores, and adverse events. Hospitalized patients with cancer-related pain, who were treated with oral oxycodone, could participate. Pharmacokinetic samples and patient-reported pain scores and occurrence and severity of nine adverse events were

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Borsuk-De Moor, Agnieszka, and Paweł Wiczling. "The use of population modeling to optimize dosing of drugs used in anaesthesiology and intensive care." Postępy Polskiej Medycyny i Farmacji 8 (June 9, 2021): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.9188.

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Effective pharmacotherapy requires an adequate drug dose that maximizes the effectiveness of therapy while minimizing adverse effects. Difficulties in dose selection arise from interindividual differences in drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Population modeling describes pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in a population, taking into account the relationships in each patient, differences between patients, and the influence of covariates on drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The aim of this study was to develop population models for drugs used in anesthesiology and

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Hope, William W. "Population Pharmacokinetics of Voriconazole in Adults." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 56, no. 1 (2011): 526–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00702-11.

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ABSTRACTVoriconazole is a first-line agent for the treatment of invasive fungal infections. The pharmacology of voriconazole is characterized by extensive interindividual variability and nonlinear pharmacokinetics. The population pharmacokinetics of voriconazole in 64 adults is described. The patient population consisted of 21 healthy volunteers, who received a range of intravenous (i.v.) and oral voriconazole regimens, and 43 patients with proven or probable invasive aspergillosis, who received the currently licensed dosage. Voriconazole concentrations were measured using high-performance liq

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Wang, Xiaohu, Jin Tang, Chaozhuang Shen, Xingwen Wang, Hua Hu, and Haitang Xie. "Research Progress of Population Pharmacokinetic of Metformin." BioMed Research International 2022 (December 19, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4071111.

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Metformin is commonly used as first-line treatment for T2DM (type2 diabetes mellitus). Owing to the high pharmacokinetic (PK) variability, several population pharmacokinetic (PPK) models have been developed for metformin to explore potential covariates that affect its pharmacokinetic variation. This comprehensive review summarized the published PPK studies of metformin, aimed to summarize PPK models of metformin. Most studies described metformin pharmacokinetics as a 2-compartment (2-CMT) model with 4 study describing its pharmacokinetics as 1-compartment (1-CMT). Studies on metformin PPK have

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Vincze, István, Rita Czermann, Zsuzsanna Nagy, et al. "Assessment of Antibiotic Pharmacokinetics, Molecular Biomarkers and Clinical Status in Critically Ill Adults Diagnosed with Community-Acquired Pneumonia and Receiving Intravenous Piperacillin/Tazobactam and Hydrocortisone over the First Five Days of Intensive Care: An Observational Study (STROBE Compliant)." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 14 (2022): 4140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11144140.

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Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a condition that frequently requires intensive care and, eventually, can cause to death. Piperacillin/tazobactam antibiotic therapy is employed as an empiric intravenous regimen, in many cases supplemented with intravenous bolus hydrocortisone treatment. The individual and condition-dependent pharmacokinetic properties of these drugs may lead to therapeutic failure. The impact of systemic inflammation, as well as of hydrocortisone on the altered pharmacokinetics of piperacillin is largely unknown. The protocol of a clinical study aimed at the charac

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Matsuo, Yumiko, Toru Ishibashi, Alan S. Hollister, and Toshihiro Wajima. "Population Pharmacokinetics of Peramivir in Healthy Volunteers and Influenza Patients." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 59, no. 11 (2015): 6755–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00799-15.

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ABSTRACTPeramivir is an intravenous anti-influenza agent that inhibits viral growth by selectively inhibiting neuraminidase in human influenza A and B viruses. To characterize its pharmacokinetics, a population pharmacokinetic analysis of peramivir was performed using 3,199 plasma concentration data samples from 332 subjects in six clinical studies in Japan and the United States, including studies with renal impairment subjects, elderly subjects, and influenza patients. A three-compartment model well described the plasma concentration data for peramivir, and creatinine clearance was found to b

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Aquino, Maria, Maria Tinoco, Joana Bicker, Amílcar Falcão, Marília Rocha, and Ana Fortuna. "Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Amikacin in Neutropenic Oncology Patients." Antibiotics 12, no. 2 (2023): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12020373.

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Amikacin is the antibiotic of choice for the treatment of Gram-negative infections, namely, those in neutropenic oncology patients. No populational pharmacokinetic studies are currently available reporting amikacin pharmacokinetics in neutropenic oncology patients despite their specific pathophysiological features and treatments. A large-scale retrospective study was herein conducted to specifically investigate the effects that tumor diseases have on the pharmacokinetic parameters of amikacin and identify whether chemotherapy, the lag time between administration of chemotherapy and amikacin, a

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Schneiderman, J. H. "Topiramate: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 25, S3 (1998): S3—S5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s031716710003482x.

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ABSTRACT:Topiramate is a structurally novel anti-epileptic drug with at least 3 postulated mechanisms of action including: 1) potentiation of GABA responses, 2) impairment of AMPA/kainate glutamate receptors and 3) suppression of high frequency action potential firing. It has a favourable pharmacokinetic profile with rapid absorption, good bio-availability, linear pharmacokinetics, relatively long half-life and limited pharmacokinetic drug interactions. However, topiramate can reduce the estrogen component of oral contraceptive medications. Women may require birth control preparations containi

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Kim, Tae, Subindra Thapa, Da Lee, et al. "Pharmacokinetics and Anti-Gastric Ulceration Activity of Oral Administration of Aceclofenac and Esomeprazole in Rats." Pharmaceutics 10, no. 3 (2018): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics10030152.

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This study examined the effects of esomeprazole on aceclofenac pharmacokinetics and gastrointestinal complications in rats. Aceclofenac alone, or in combination with esomeprazole, was orally administered to male Sprague-Dawley rats. Plasma concentrations of aceclofenac, its major metabolite diclofenac, and esomeprazole were simultaneously determined by a novel liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Gastrointestinal damage was determined by measuring ulcer area and ulcer lesion index of the stomach. Oral administration of aceclofenac induced significant gastric ulceration, which

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Vashistha, Vinod Kumar, Sonika Sethi, Inderjeet Tyagi, and Dipak Kumar Das. "Chirality of antidepressive drugs: an overview of stereoselectivity." Asian Biomedicine 16, no. 2 (2022): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/abm-2022-0008.

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Abstract Stereochemistry plays an important role in drug design because the enantiomers of a drug frequently vary in their biological action and pharmacokinetic profiles. Racemates of a drug with either an inactive or an unsafe enantiomer can lead to detrimental effects. The manufacturing industry may still produce racemates, but such decisions must pass through rigorous analyses of the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic characteristics of the particular enantiomer related to the racemates. The pharmacokinetics of antidepressants or antidepressive agents is stereoselective and predominantly f

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Straehla, Joelle P., and Katherine E. Warren. "Pharmacokinetic Principles and Their Application to Central Nervous System Tumors." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 10 (2020): 948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12100948.

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Despite increasing knowledge of the biologic drivers of central nervous system tumors, most targeted agents trialed to date have not shown activity against these tumors in clinical trials. To effectively treat central nervous system tumors, an active drug must achieve and maintain an effective exposure at the tumor site for a long enough period of time to exert its intended effect. However, this is difficult to assess and achieve due to the constraints of drug delivery to the central nervous system. To address this complex problem, an understanding of pharmacokinetic principles is necessary. P

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