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Journal articles on the topic 'Pharmacy – South Africa'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Derman, WE. "Medication use by Team South Africa during the XXVIIIth Olympiad: A model for quantity estimation for multi-coded team events." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 20, no. 3 (October 5, 2008): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2008/v20i3a278.

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Objective. This descriptive study was undertaken to report the medications used by the athletes and officials of Team South Africa at the 2004 Olympic Games and to provide a model for the estimation of quantities to be used for planning support to future events. Setting. South African medical facility, 2004 Olympic Games, Athens, Greece. Methods. The names of the medications, including the dosage and quantity of medications dispensed, were recorded in the pharmacy stock control book at the South African medical facility, 2004 Olympic Games, Athens, Greece. Retrospective review of patient files and medical encounter forms was also undertaken to check against the pharmacy stock control book to ensure complete data capture of dispensed medications. Main outcome measures. Quantities of medications consumed during the observation period. The units of medication consumed per travelling team member were calculated by dividing the number of units (tablets, capsules, tubes, inhalers, bottles and ampoules) used during the trip by the total number of travelling team members. Results. Complete records of medications included in the travelling pharmacy are described. Quantities of medications included ranged from single units to 2 250 units and percentage use of various medications varied from 0% to 100% of stocks. Units per team member ranged from 0 to 9.43. Medications were consumed from all categories of agents. The most utilised agents included the analgesics, musculoskeletal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents as well as certain vitamin and mineral supplements. Conclusions. This study describes the consumption of pharmacological agents by the athletes and officials of Team South Africa during the Athens 2004 Olympic Games. It also provides a model to assist with the estimation of quantities of medications to be included in the travelling pharmacy for future international multicoded sports events. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 20 (3) 2008: pp. 78-84

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Derman, WE. "Medication use by Team South Africa during the XXVIIIth Olympiad: A model for quantity estimation for multi-coded team events." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 20, no. 3 (February 5, 2009): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3108/2008/v20i3a278.

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Objective. This descriptive study was undertaken to report the medications used by the athletes and officials of Team South Africa at the 2004 Olympic Games and to provide a model for the estimation of quantities to be used for planning support to future events. Setting. South African medical facility, 2004 Olympic Games, Athens, Greece. Methods. The names of the medications, including the dosage and quantity of medications dispensed, were recorded in the pharmacy stock control book at the South African medical facility, 2004 Olympic Games, Athens, Greece. Retrospective review of patient files and medical encounter forms was also undertaken to check against the pharmacy stock control book to ensure complete data capture of dispensed medications. Main outcome measures. Quantities of medications consumed during the observation period. The units of medication consumed per travelling team member were calculated by dividing the number of units (tablets, capsules, tubes, inhalers, bottles and ampoules) used during the trip by the total number of travelling team members. Results. Complete records of medications included in the travelling pharmacy are described. Quantities of medications included ranged from single units to 2 250 units and percentage use of various medications varied from 0% to 100% of stocks. Units per team member ranged from 0 to 9.43. Medications were consumed from all categories of agents. The most utilised agents included the analgesics, musculoskeletal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents as well as certain vitamin and mineral supplements. Conclusions. This study describes the consumption of pharmacological agents by the athletes and officials of Team South Africa during the Athens 2004 Olympic Games. It also provides a model to assist with the estimation of quantities of medications to be included in the travelling pharmacy for future international multicoded sports events. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 20 (3) 2008: pp. 78-84

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Burton, Sue, Shirley-Anne Boschmans, and Chris Hoelson. "Self-Perceived Professional Identity of Pharmacy Educators in South Africa." American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 77, no. 10 (December 16, 2013): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.5688/ajpe7710210.

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Wong, Anabelle, Kevin K. C. Hung, Mzwandile Mabhala, Justin W. Tenney, and Colin A. Graham. "Filling the Gaps in the Pharmacy Workforce in Post-Conflict Areas: Experience from Four Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15 (July 31, 2021): 8132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158132.

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Background: While the pharmacy workforce is the third largest professional healthcare group worldwide, the pharmacy workforce landscape remains unclear in post-conflict areas in sub-Saharan Africa. Method: Key informants were selected for semi-structured interviews due to their role in providing pharmacy services in the selected country: the Central African Republic (CAR), the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Ethiopia, and South Sudan. Transcripts from the interviews were anonymized, coded, and analyzed. Results: Nine participants were recruited (CAR: 2; DRC: 2; Ethiopia: 2; South Sudan: 3), and all except two were pharmacists. Conflict-specific challenges in pharmacy service delivery were identified as the following: unpredictable health needs and/or mismatched pharmaceutical supply, transport difficulties due to insecure roads, and shortage of pharmacy workforce due to brain drain or interrupted schooling. Barriers to health workforce retention and growth were identified to be brain drain as a result of suboptimal living and working conditions or remuneration, the perception of an unsafe work environment, and a career pathway or commitment duration that does not fit the diaspora or expatriate staff. Conclusion: To tackle the barriers of pharmacy health workforce retention and growth, policy solutions will be required and efforts that can bring about long-term improvement should be prioritized. This is essential to achieve universal health coverage and the targets of the sustainable development goals for conflict affected areas, as well as to “leave no one behind”.

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Burger, Marisa, Jaco Fourie, Devin Loots, Tercia Mnisi, Natalie Schellack, Selente Bezuidenhout, and Johanna C. Meyer. "Knowledge and perceptions of antimicrobial stewardship concepts among final year pharmacy students in pharmacy schools across South Africa." Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases 31, no. 3 (October 1, 2016): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajid.v31i3.83.

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Background: Antimicrobial stewardship is currently not mandatory as part of the undergraduate training of pharmacists. Identifying gaps in knowledge and a better understanding of pharmacy students’ perceptions about antimicrobial stewardship could assist in recommendations for appropriate changes to the pharmacy degree curricula that may lead to more appropriate use of antimicrobials, within the multi-disciplinary team.Methods: A descriptive quantitative study with a survey design was conducted at the eight universities offering the pharmacy degree in South Africa. An electronic questionnaire with four main categories on antimicrobial stewardship was administered to final (fourth) year pharmacy students (June–August 2015).Results: An overall response rate of 26.6% (n = 260) was obtained from 978 students, despite a weekly reminder. Most of the respondents were familiar with antimicrobial stewardship programmes in South Africa (71.9%), and claimed to know what antimicrobial stewardship is (83.5%) with significant differences between the universities (p 0.001). Only 37.7% of the respondents recalled having had formal training on antimicrobial stewardship, with responses from the eight universities differing significantly (p 0.001). However, almost all respondents (98.5%) felt that a strong knowledge of antimicrobials was important for their future career, with 90.0% indicating that they would like more training on antimicrobial stewardship at undergraduate level.Conclusion: There were significant differences between the eight universities with regards to undergraduate education on antimicrobial stewardship. In order to help prevent antimicrobial resistance, efforts should be made to introduce concepts of antimicrobial stewardship into the undergraduate pharmacy curricula to promote better use of antimicrobials and prevent antimicrobial resistance.

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Tandlich, Roman, Nosiphiwe P. Ngqwala, Aileen Boshoff, Phindile Madikizela, C. Sunitha Srinivas, Desmond M. Pyle, and Rene Oosthuizen. "Challenges and Curriculum Transformation in the Higher Education Sector in South Africa: A Case Study in WASH to Improve the Training of Pharmacists." Acta Educationis Generalis 8, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 3–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/atd-2018-0001.

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AbstractIntroduction: South Africa is a member state of the “BRICS” bloc (BRICS2017.org, 2017) and the G20 group of the 20 nations/economic blocs, which between them account for the majority of the world’s trade and economic activity. It faces many developmental challenges which are mirrored in its higher education sector. In this article, the authors seek to provide an overview of the challenges that South African higher education faces in the achievement of the developmental goals of the country. The focus of this paper is a case study in WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) to improve context-specific responses that trains pharmacists on knowledge and skills.Methods: The study was performed as a combination of calculations and a literature review to obtain the background or current status of the higher education sector and developmental planning in South Africa. For this, data were extracted from the Statistics South Africa reports, relevant professional articles on South African higher education sector and results of postgraduate research. Workshop results which were obtained as a collaboration between a public and a private higher education institution and results of postgraduate research were used as the paradigm for transformation and decolonisation of the curriculum for a professional degree in South Africa.Results and discussion: Challenges exist in the South African tertiary education sector and the graduation rate currently stands at 65.1% of the target set by the National Development Plan. Around 58.1% of all students do not complete their university/post-secondary education, which could provide a partial explanation for the skills shortage in South Africa. Decolonisation and transformation of the tertiary education curriculum are major topics in the discourse on higher education in South Africa. The authors propose that one way to achieve this would be inclusion of research results and group activities in the area of water, sanitation and hygiene as a topic for possible and partial transformation of the Bachelor of Pharmacy curriculum.Conclusions: The current article summarises some of topics and challenges that drive the current discourse, developmental and curriculum debate in higher education in South Africa. Student access and through put at tertiary institutions need to be improved and the curriculum needs to be transformed.

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Schellack, N., E. Bronkhorst, R. Coetzee, B. Godman, A. G. S. Gous, S. Kolman, Q. Labuschagne, et al. "SASOCP position statement on the pharmacist’s role in antibiotic stewardship 2018." Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases 33, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajid.v33i1.24.

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Antibiotics are the most commonly prescribed medicines in global healthcare practice today. Their effectiveness is crucial and often life-saving in humanity’s battle against pathogens and infectious diseases. Antibiotic/antimicrobial stewardship strategies and programmes have become vital to the preservation of effective antibiotics and the optimisation of their use. The South African Society of Clinical Pharmacy (SASOCP) has written this guideline to outline the importance, role and purpose of pharmacists in such stewardship programmes, both in the public, as well as the private hospital sectors in South Africa. It also provides an overview of various approaches to antibiotic preservation, behavioural change, stewardship measures, and monitoring strategies.

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Leng, Henry MJ, Khamusi Mutoti, and Nontombe Mbelle. "Regulatory requirements for the development and registration of biosimilars in South Africa." Generics and Biosimilars Initiative Journal 4, no. 3 (September 15, 2015): 150–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5639/gabij.2015.0403.033.

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Burger, Marisa, Jaco Fourie, Devin Loots, Tercia Mnisi, Natalie Schellack, Selente Bezuidenhout, and Johanna C. Meyer. "Knowledge and perceptions of antimicrobial stewardship concepts among final year pharmacy students in pharmacy schools across South Africa." Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases 31, no. 3 (June 17, 2016): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23120053.2016.1192808.

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Baksh, Mohammed A., Velisha A. Perumal-Pillay, and Frasia Oosthuizen. "An Investigation Into the Knowledge of South African Pharmacists on the Identification and Management of Drug-Drug Interactions." Global Journal of Health Science 11, no. 12 (October 15, 2019): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v11n12p146.

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BACKGROUND: Detecting and reporting drug-drug interactions (DDIs) is an important role of pharmacists. Standard operating procedures (SOPs), that can be used to manage DDIs is not a requirement at pharmacies in South Africa. SOPs create standardized methods of identifying and reporting DDIs. AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge of South African pharmacists on the identification and management of DDIs as well as the availability and use of SOPs in the detection and management of DDIs. METHODS: A quantitative approach was used targeting registered pharmacists from two provinces in South Africa, namely Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal. 153 responses were received after mailing the questionnaire to 200 pharmacists (76.5% response rate). Data was analysed by using Microsoft Excel® and SPSS® (version 23.0). RESULTS: The majority (93.5%) of respondents were able to correctly define. Forty-four percent of respondents were aware of the existence of SOPs in their respective pharmacies. The majority of the respondents (80.4%) were of the opinion that having SOPs in place for the management of DDIs benefit the identification of these in the pharmacy environment. The findings indicated that availability and access of SOPs are the same across all sectors of pharmacy. CONCLUSION: The results show that the majority of participants have a sound knowledge regarding DDIs as well as the importance of reporting them should such events occur. While most pharmacists were not aware of SOPs in their pharmacies, they regarded this as beneficial.

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Truter, I. "PIN35 Cost of Antimicrobial Prescribing Using a Large Pharmacy Database in South Africa." Value in Health 15, no. 7 (November 2012): A391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2012.08.1102.

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12

Gilbert, Leah. "Community pharmacy in South Africa: A changing profession in a society in transition." Health & Place 4, no. 3 (September 1998): 273–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1353-8292(98)00020-3.

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13

van Huyssteen, Mea, Angeni Bheekie, Sunitha C. Srinivas, and Azeezah Essack. "Continuous Professional Development for Public Sector Pharmacists in South Africa: A Case Study of Mapping Competencies in a Pharmacists’ Preceptor Programme." Pharmacy 8, no. 2 (June 3, 2020): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8020096.

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Lifelong learning among healthcare practitioners is crucial to keep abreast of advances in therapeutic and service delivery approaches. In South Africa, continuous professional development (CPD) was mandated (2019) for re-registration of pharmacists to illustrate their learning according to the South African Pharmacy Council’s (SAPC) competency standards. This paper uses a preceptor programme linked to the University of the Western Cape School of Pharmacy’s service learning programme to map the competencies employed by pharmacist preceptors in primary care public healthcare facilities in Cape Town in an attempt to encourage completion of their annual CPDs and strengthening the academic-service partnership. Competencies identified were divided into input competencies related to the preceptor’s role in designing and implementing the educational programme in their facilities and assisting students to complete their prescribed learning activities, and output/outcome competencies that emerged from preceptors identifying the facility needs and employing their input competencies. Input competencies pertained to education, leadership, patient counselling, collaborative practice and human resources management. Output competencies related to pharmaceutical infrastructure, quality assurance, professional and health advocacy, primary healthcare, self-management and patient-centred care. The preceptor programme enabled pharmacist preceptors to employ several competencies that are aligned with the SAPC’s competency framework.

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Rothmann, Sebastiaan, and Madelaine Malan. "Occupational stress of hospital pharmacists in South Africa." International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 15, no. 3 (September 2007): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1211/ijpp.15.3.0011.

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Van Huyssteen, M., and A. Bheekie. "Exploring practising pharmacy graduates’ views on improving the effectiveness of pharmacy education at the University of the Western Cape, South Africa." African Journal of Health Professions Education 11, no. 3 (October 12, 2019): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/ajhpe.2019.v11i3.1065.

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Malherbe, Paul. "An evolving role for non-governmental organizations dealing with registration backlogs and rising costs: the example of cancer biosimilars in South Africa." Generics and Biosimilars Initiative Journal 9, no. 1 (March 15, 2020): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5639/gabij.2020.0901.004.

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Around the world, especially in low- and middle-income countries, national regulatory authorities are struggling with registration backlogs and the affordability of medicines. This paper draws on the example of cancer biosimilars in South Africa to illustrate how non-governmental organizations can help regulatory authorities decide which registration applications to prioritize by providing information on clinical need, cost-benefit analysis and insight into the potential for cost reduction through biosimilar competition.

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Gachara, George, Lufuno G. Mavhandu, Elizabeth T. Rogawski, Cecile Manhaeve, and Pascal O. Bessong. "Evaluating Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Using Pharmacy Refill Records in a Rural Treatment Site in South Africa." AIDS Research and Treatment 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5456219.

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Optimal adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is critical to maintain virologic suppression, thereby ensuring the global success of HIV treatment. We evaluated adherence to cART using pharmacy refill records and determined the adherence threshold resulting in >90% virologic suppression in a community run treatment site in South Africa. Additionally, we analysed factors associated with adherence using univariable and multivariable logistic regression models. Logistic regression was also performed to determine the relationship between adherence and virologic suppression and the adherence threshold resulting in <10% virologic failure. The overall median (interquartile range) adherence was 95% (88.6–98.4%). Out of the study participants, 210/401 (52.4%) had optimal (≥95%) adherence while only 37/401 (9.2%) had poor (≤80%) adherence. The majority (90.5%) of patients with optimal adherence had virologic suppression. Having TB at registration into care was found to be negatively associated with adherence (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.382; p≤.05). Compared to nonadherent individuals, optimally adherent participants were more likely to achieve virologic suppression (OR 2.92; 95% CI: 1.63–5.22). Only adherence rates above 95% were observed to lead to <10% virologic failure. cART adherence measured by pharmacy refill records could serve as a useful predictor of virologic failure; adherence rates >95% are needed to maintain optimal virologic suppression.

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Ruud, Karine Wabø, Sunitha C. Srinivas, and Else-Lydia Toverud. "Addressing gaps in pharmacovigilance practices in the antiretroviral therapy program in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 6, no. 4 (December 2010): 345–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2009.11.006.

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Bheekie, Angeni, Mea Van Huyssteen, and Renier Coetzee. "Exploring the Implications of a Needs-Based Pharmacy Education Framework Modelled on Population Health: Perspective from a Developing Country." Pharmacy 7, no. 3 (August 14, 2019): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy7030116.

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Globally, health education reform is directing efforts to strengthen the health system through collaboration between health education and health services. However, collaborative efforts vary between developed and developing countries as the health needs, economic constraints, and resource availability differs. In developing countries, resource allocation is weighed in favor of interventions that will benefit the majority of the population. The question that emerges is: How could health education, service, and research activities be (re-)aligned to optimize return on investment for the health system and society at large? This paper proposes a needs-based pharmacy educational approach by centralizing population health for a developing country like South Africa. Literature on systems-based approaches to health professional education reform and the global pharmacy education framework was reviewed. A needs-based pharmacy educational approach, the population health model which underpins health outcome measurements to gauge an educational institution’s effectiveness, was contextualized. An evaluation framework to determine the pharmacy school’s effectiveness in strengthening the health system could be applied. A needs-based pharmacy educational approach modeled on population health could: Integrate resources from education, service, and research activities; follow a monitoring and evaluation framework that tracks educational outcomes; and engage with external stakeholders in curricular development and assessment.

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Truter, Ilse. "Antimicrobial prescribing in South Africa using a large pharmacy database: A drug utilisation study Ilse Truter." Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases 30, no. 2 (July 3, 2015): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23120053.2015.1054181.

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Ruud, Karine Wabø, Sunitha C. Srinivas, and Else-Lydia Toverud. "Knowledge of HIV and its treatment among health care providers in South Africa." International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy 36, no. 2 (December 24, 2013): 352–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-013-9902-9.

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GaBI Journal Editor. "Pro-generics policies and the backlog in medicines registration in South Africa: implications for access to essential and affordable medicines." Generics and Biosimilars Initiative Journal 4, no. 4 (December 15, 2015): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.5639/gabij.2015.0404.044.

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Gilbert, Leah. "Interprofessional care in South Africa: the expanding role of community pharmacy and the therapeutic alliance with nurses." Journal of Interprofessional Care 13, no. 2 (January 1999): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13561829909025549.

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Matlala, Moliehi, Andries GS Gous, Brian Godman, and Johanna C. Meyer. "Structure and activities of pharmacy and therapeutics committees among public hospitals in South Africa; findings and implications." Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology 10, no. 11 (August 16, 2017): 1273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17512433.2017.1364625.

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Saka, Sule Ajibola, Frasia Oosthuizen, and Manimbulu Nlooto. "Potential inappropriate prescribing and associated factors among older persons in Nigeria and South Africa." International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy 41, no. 1 (January 4, 2019): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-018-0770-1.

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Baumgartner, Jennifer, Catriona Bradley, Bronwyn Clark, Colleen Janes, Elizabeth Johnstone, Michael Rouse, and Arthur Whetstone. "Global Forum on Quality Assurance in CE/CPD: Assuring Quality across Boundaries." Pharmacy 8, no. 3 (July 9, 2020): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8030114.

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As a result of the globalization of access and provision of continuing education and continuing professional development (CE/CPD), the national CE/CPD accreditation organizations of Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa, United Kingdom and United States formed the Global Forum on Quality Assurance of Continuing Education and Continuing Professional Development (GFQACE) to investigate and develop means of recognizing CE/CPD across boundaries. Two priorities were identified at their first meeting in 2016: (1) the development of an accreditation framework and (2) the identification of models and approaches to mutual recognition. The GFQACE approved an accreditation framework and facilitated review approach to mutual recognition in 2018 and is currently working on implementation guides. As background to the work of the GFQACE, this article provides a brief history of continuing education (CE) and continuing professional development (CPD) and discusses the value and benefits of CE/CPD to professional development of pharmacy professionals, innovation of pharmacy practice and the provision of quality patient care. Due to the essential role of CE/CPD accreditation in enabling recognition across boundaries, the nature and role of accreditation in defining, assuring and driving quality CE/CPD is described. Four conclusions regarding the broad sharing of perceptions of quality CE/CPD, the potential for expansion of the GFQACE and the benefits to pharmacy professionals, providers and pharmacy practice are discussed.

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Naidoo, Vivian, Fatima Suleman, and Varsha Bangalee. "Roles and reimbursement of pharmacists as South Africa transitions towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC): An online survey-based study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 23, 2021): e0257348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257348.

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Background The implementation of Universal Health Coverage in SA has sought to focus on promoting affordable health care services that are accessible to all citizens. In this regard, pharmacists are expected to play a pivotal function in the revitalization of primary health care (PHC) during this transition by the expansion of their practice roles. Objectives To assess the readiness and perceptions of pharmacists to expand their roles in an integrated health care system. To determine the availability and pricing of primary health care services currently provided within a community pharmacy environment and to evaluate suitable reimbursement for the provision of such services by a community pharmacist. Methods Community pharmacists’ across SA were invited to participate in an online survey-based study. The survey consisted of both open- and closed-ended questions. Descriptive statistics for closed-ended questions were generated and analysed using Microsoft Excel® and Survey Monkey®. Responses for the open-ended questions were transcribed, analysed, and reported as emerging themes. Results Six hundred and sixty-four pharmacists’ responded to the online survey. Seventy-five percent of pharmacists’ reported that with appropriate training, a transition into a more patient-centered role might be beneficial in the re-engineering of the PHC system. However, in order to adopt these new roles, appropriate reimbursement structures are required. The current fee levied by pharmacists in community pharmacies that offered these PHC services was found to be lower to that recommended by the South African Pharmacy Council; this disparity is primarily due to a lack of information and policy standardisation. Therefore, in order to ensure that fees levied are fair, comprehensive service package guidelines are required. Conclusions This study provides baseline data for policy makers on pharmacists’ readiness to transition into expanded roles. Furthermore, it can be used as a foundation to establish appropriate reimbursement frameworks for pharmacists providing PHC services.

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Khan, Y., S.-A. Boschmans, J. McCartney, and R. Coetzee. "Undergraduate antimicrobial stewardship training for pharmacy students: Creating a foundation for containment of antimicrobial resistance in South Africa." South African Medical Journal 107, no. 9 (August 25, 2017): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.2017.v107i9.12649.

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Papastergiou, John, Michelle Donnelly, Terence Yuen, Wilson Li, and Bart van den Bemt. "Community pharmacy–based H. pylori screening for patients with uninvestigated dyspepsia." Canadian Pharmacists Journal / Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada 153, no. 2 (February 18, 2020): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1715163520903065.

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Background: Helicobacter pylori is identified by the World Health Organization as a major risk factor of gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and gastric carcinomas. As point-of-care screening technology becomes more widely available, pharmacists are ideally suited to use this tool to screen patients with H. pylori infection. Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of implementing point-of-care screening technology for H. pylori into community pharmacy practice and to assess the number of patients who are positively identified as a result of testing. Methods: Three pharmacies in Toronto, Ontario, offered H. pylori screening as part of their clinical programs. Pharmacists enrolled patients with symptoms of dyspepsia and/or receiving acid suppressant therapy for >6 weeks. Decision to screen was based on the Canadian Helicobacter Study Group Consensus (CHSG). Patients were screened using the Rapid Response H. pylori test. Results: Seventy-one patients were recruited, with a mean age of 46.3 years. Patients were ethnically diverse, with a significant proportion (59.2%) identified as being born outside of North America, including Asia (26.8%), Africa (9.9%), the Middle East (7%), Europe (9.9%) and South and Central America (5.6%). Overall, the detection rate of H. pylori infection was 21%. North Americans had the lowest incidence of an undiagnosed H. pylori infection (6.9%). Europeans (28.6%), Middle Easterners (20%) and Asians (21.1%) had a moderate incidence, followed by the highest prevalence in those of African descent (71.4%). Conclusion: These results highlight the readiness of community pharmacists to adopt H. pylori screening into practice and to leverage this novel technology to positively identify and treat undiagnosed H. pylori infection. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2020;153:xx-xx.

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Mchiza, Zandile J., Norman J. Temple, Nelia P. Steyn, Zulfa Abrahams, and Mario Clayford. "Content analysis of television food advertisements aimed at adults and children in South Africa." Public Health Nutrition 16, no. 12 (August 7, 2013): 2213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898001300205x.

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AbstractObjectiveTo determine the frequency and content of food-related television (TV) advertisements shown on South African TV.DesignFour national TV channels were recorded between 15.00 and 21.00 hours (6 h each day, for seven consecutive days, over a 4-week period) to: (i) determine the number of food-related TV advertisements; and (ii) evaluate the content and approach used by advertisers to market their products. The data were viewed by two of the researchers and coded according to time slots, food categories, food products, health claims and presentation.ResultsOf the 1512 recorded TV advertisements, 665 (44 %) were related to food. Of these, 63 % were for food products, 21 % for alcohol, 2 % for multivitamins, 1 % for slimming products and 13 % for supermarket and pharmacy promotions. Nearly 50 % of food advertisements appeared during family viewing time. During this time the most frequent advertisements were for desserts and sweets, fast foods, hot beverages, starchy foods and sweetened drinks. The majority of the alcohol advertisements (ninety-three advertisements, 67 %) fell within the children and family viewing periods and were endorsed by celebrities. Health claims were made in 11 % of the advertisements. The most frequently used benefits claimed were ‘enhances well-being’, ‘improves performance’, ‘boosts energy’, ‘strengthens the immune system’ and ‘is nutritionally balanced’.ConclusionsThe majority of food advertisements shown to both children and adults do not foster good health despite the health claims made. The fact that alcohol advertisements are shown during times when children watch TV needs to be addressed.

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Truter, Ilse. "Prescribing of drugs for Alzheimer's disease: a South African database analysis." International Psychogeriatrics 22, no. 2 (January 13, 2010): 264–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610209991530.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Relatively few studies of mental illness in Africa have focused on dementia. The primary aim of this study was to determine the prescribing patterns and cost of drugs for Alzheimer's disease in a private health care sector patient population.Methods: A retrospective, exposure-cohort pharmacoepidemiological study was conducted. Data were obtained from a South African private pharmacy group for 2008. The database consisted of 1,578,346 medicine records.Results: A total of 588 patients (326 females and 262 males) received 2623 medicine items for Alzheimer's disease at a cost of R1,563,701.18 (average cost per item R596.15). The average age of the patients was 75.54 (SD = 10.48) years. Donepezil was the most frequently prescribed active ingredient (37.09%), followed by galantamine (36.94%). Donepezil accounted for 39.50% of the cost of Alzheimer medication. The average cost per prescription was R634.76 for donepezil and R551.35 for memantine. Only 5.27% of patients were prescribed more than one active ingredient for Alzheimer's disease during the year (mostly donepezil or galantamine, and memantine). Average prescribed daily doses (PDDs) of all active ingredients were generally lower than their respective defined daily doses (DDDs). The average PDD for donepezil was 7.45 mg (DDD = 7.5 mg), for galantamine 13.56 mg (DDD = 16 mg), for memantine 17.46 mg (DDD = 20 mg) and for rivastigmine 6.89 mg (DDD = 9 mg).Conclusions: A small number of patients were prescribed medicine for Alzheimer's disease. It is recommended that qualitative studies be undertaken to determine the cost-effectiveness of the different treatment options according to family members and carers.

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Munasur-Naidoo, Ashmitha Premchand, and Ilse Truter. "Consumption of methylphenidate and atomoxetine in the private healthcare sector in South Africa: a longitudinal study." International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy 41, no. 4 (July 16, 2019): 859–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-019-00865-9.

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Katende-Kyenda, NL, MS Lubbe, JHP Serfontein, and I. Truter. "Usage of antimicrobial agents in a private primary healthcare setting in South Africa." International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 14, no. 4 (December 2006): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1211/ijpp.14.4.0009.

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Summers, Beverley, and Dolane Isaac Mpanda. "Factors that influence MSc (Med) Pharmacy completion rates at the Medunsa Campus of the University of Limpopo, South Africa." African Journal of Health Professions Education 6, no. 2 (July 30, 2014): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/ajhpe.367.

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Gilbert, Leah. "To Diagnose, Prescribe and Dispense: Whose Right Is It? The Ongoing Struggle Between Pharmacy and Medicine in South Africa." Current Sociology 49, no. 3 (May 2001): 97–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392101049003007.

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Matlala, M., J. Meyer, and A. Gous. "Assessment of the structure and activities of pharmacy and therapeutics committees of public sector hospitals, Gauteng Province, South Africa." Annals of Global Health 81, no. 1 (March 12, 2015): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aogh.2015.02.918.

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Whata, Albert, and Charles Chimedza. "A Machine Learning Evaluation of the Effects of South Africa’s COVID-19 Lockdown Measures on Population Mobility." Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 481–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/make3020025.

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Following the declaration by the World Health Organisation (WHO) on 11 March 2020, that the global COVID-19 outbreak had become a pandemic, South Africa implemented a full lockdown from 27 March 2020 for 21 days. The full lockdown was implemented after the publication of the National Disaster Regulations (NDR) gazette on 18 March 2020. The regulations included lockdowns, public health measures, movement restrictions, social distancing measures, and social and economic measures. We developed a hybrid model that consists of a long-short term memory auto-encoder (LSTMAE) and the kernel quantile estimator (KQE) algorithm to detect change-points. Thereafter, we utilised the Bayesian structural times series models (BSTSMs) to estimate the causal effect of the lockdown measures. The LSTMAE and KQE, successfully detected the changepoint that resulted from the full lockdown that was imposed on 27 March 2020. Additionally, we quantified the causal effect of the full lockdown measure on population mobility in residential places, workplaces, transit stations, parks, grocery and pharmacy, and retail and recreation. In relative terms, population mobility at grocery and pharmacy places decreased significantly by −17,137.04% (p-value = 0.001 < 0.05). In relative terms, population mobility at transit stations, retail and recreation, workplaces, parks, and residential places decreased significantly by −998.59% (p-value = 0.001 < 0.05), −1277.36% (p-value = 0.001 < 0.05), −2175.86% (p-value = 0.001 < 0.05), −370.00% (p-value = 0.001< 0.05), and −22.73% (p-value = 0.001 < 0.05), respectively. Therefore, the full lockdown Level 5 imposed on March 27, 2020 had a causal effect on population mobility in these categories of places.

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Dambisya, Yoswa M., and Sehlapelo I. Modipa. "Influence of Preadmission (Matriculation) Scores on the Progress of and Years taken to Graduate by Pharmacy Students at the University of the North, South Africa." Pharmacy Education 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2004): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15602210410001710540.

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TRUTER, I., and W. P. NIEKERK. "A preliminary investigation into customers' perceptions of the image of retail pharmacies in South Africa." International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 9, no. 1 (March 2001): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7174.2001.tb01027.x.

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de Jager, Henk, and Fatima Suleman. "The impact of generics and generic reference pricing on candesartan and rosuvastatin utilisation, price and expenditure in South Africa." International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy 41, no. 1 (November 26, 2018): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-018-0758-x.

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Suleman, Fatima, Shabnam Ally, Samirah Bayat, Razia Essack, Renalda Moodley, Thobekile Mtembu, and Emily Ramalingham. "Differences in attitudes towards medication between population groups in the Durban Metropolitan Area of South Africa." International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 17, no. 4 (August 2009): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1211/ijpp.17.04.0007.

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Suleman, Fatima, Shabnam Ally, Samirah Bayat, Razia Essack, Renalda Moodley, Thobekile Mtembu, and Emily Ramalingham. "Differences in attitudes towards medication between population groups in the Durban Metropolitan Area of South Africa." International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 17, no. 4 (August 1, 2009): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1211/ijpp/17.04.0007.

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Moch, Shirra, Deanne Johnston, and Patricia McInerney. "Learning experiences of medical and pharmacy students at a student-run clinic in south africa and the development of a framework for learning." Education for Health 33, no. 3 (2020): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/efh.efh_281_18.

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Gilbert, Leah. "The community pharmacist as a member of a primary health care team in South Africa - perceptions of pharmacists, doctors and nurses." International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 5, no. 4 (December 1997): 192–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7174.1997.tb00905.x.

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Steyn, Rianda, Johanita Riétte Burger, Jan Hendrik Philippus Serfontein, and Martha Susanna Lubbe. "Influence of a new reference-based pricing system in South Africa on the prevalence and cost of antidiabetic medicine: a pilot study." International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 15, no. 4 (December 2007): 307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1211/ijpp.15.4.0009.

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Gilbert, Leah. "‘Pharmacists have been left out of the loop’: exploring the role of pharmacists in the management of HIV/AIDS in South Africa." International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 24, no. 1 (July 7, 2015): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijpp.12203.

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du Plessis, Marita, Johan B. Ubbink, and W. J. Hayward Vermaak. "Analytical Quality of Near-Patient Blood Cholesterol and Glucose Determinations." Clinical Chemistry 46, no. 8 (August 1, 2000): 1085–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/46.8.1085.

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Abstract Background: Screening for diabetes and hypercholesterolemia is widely advocated, and extra-laboratory testing could play a major role in cost-effective population screening. We wished to assess the analytical quality and interchangeability of capillary blood cholesterol and glucose assays as performed on near-patient devices in pharmacies in Pretoria, South Africa. Methods: Accuracy of near-patient and laboratory analyzers was assessed by analyses of human-serum-based reference material. To assess interchangeability in routine use, six volunteers visited each of 12 randomly selected pharmacies consecutively during a 3-week period to have their fasting blood glucose and cholesterol concentrations determined. For comparison purposes, a similar procedure was followed to evaluate the eight clinical chemistry laboratories servicing Pretoria and surroundings. Results: The analytical performances in our laboratory of a single point-of-care instrument and of a laboratory analyzer compared well. Nevertheless, between-pharmacy analytical variation was larger than between-laboratory variation (11% vs 6.1% for cholesterol; 10% vs 7.6% for glucose). For glucose measurements, near-patient testing in pharmacies demonstrated a bias of −48.1% to 16.2%, whereas bias for laboratory measurements was −1.0% to 7.4%. Cholesterol assays showed a bias of −5.6% to 16.6% in pharmacies compared with −10.6% to 3.7% in laboratories. The percentage of closeness to the homeostatic set point for a single glucose and cholesterol determination done in any pharmacy was 24.6% and 23.6%, respectively. The corresponding values for laboratories were 16.9% and 15.6%, respectively. Conclusions: Although modern point-of-care instruments allow high-quality blood analyses under ideal conditions, performance goals often are not achieved in practice as indicated by a higher uncertainty of cholesterol and glucose blood results when determined in pharmacies. Nonuniformity of calibration procedures, deficiencies in training, a lack of internal quality control, and the absence of an external quality assessment program may all contribute to the current state of affairs.

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Emsley, Robin, and Frederik Booysen. "Cost-effectiveness of an atypical conventional antipsychotic in South Africa: An economic evaluation of quetiapine versus haloperidol in the treatment of patients partially responsive to previous antipsychotics." South African Journal of Psychiatry 10, no. 3 (October 1, 2004): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v10i3.148.

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Background. The introduction of a new generation of atypical antipsychotic agents has raised difficult economic and ethical questions, particularly in lower-income countries. The reported tolerability and efficacy advantages of the atypical antipsy- chotics over their conventional predecessors have to be weighed against their higher acquisition costs. Pharmaco-eco- nomic studies conducted in Western countries consistently report cost advantages or cost neutrality for these new agents. However, considerable differences in health care service pro- vision make it difficult to generalise these findings to South Africa.Method. We compared the direct costs (private and public sector) of treating schizophrenia with an atypical antipsychotic quetiapine, and with a conventional antipsychotic haloperidol, by adapting a decision-analytic pharmaco-economic model for South African circumstances. The sample comprised patients partially responsive to antipsychotics, who had partic- ipated in a multinational randomised controlled trial compar- ing the efficacy and safety of quetiapine versus haloperidol. Results. The estimated total direct cost for the treatment with quetiapine in South Africa was slightly less than for haloperidol for various models in both the private and the public sectors.Conclusions. Significant differences in health care provision make pharmaco-economic studies conducted in other coun- tries invalid for South African circumstances. Previously queti- apine treatment did not result in direct cost savings in South Africa. However, the recently introduced legislation to estab- lish single exit prices for medications has resulted in the cost of quetiapine treatment declining by 36.7% and that of haloperi- dol by 13%. This has translated into an overall direct cost sav- ing for quetiapine in both the private and public sector models. This, together with additional indirect advantages of the atypi- cal antipsychotics such as improved quality of life and better social and vocational functioning, argues strongly from both an economic and ethical perspective for the use of atypical antipsychotics in treating schizophrenia in South Africa.

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Dong, Bella. "Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Food Research, Vol. 7 No. 6." Journal of Food Research 7, no. 6 (November 30, 2018): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v7n6p138.

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Journal of Food Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated. Journal of Food Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jfr/editor/recruitment and e-mail the completed application form to jfr@ccsenet.org. Reviewers for Volume 7, Number 6   Anna Maria Pappalardo, University of Catania, Italy Antonella Santillo, University of Foggia, Italy Bojana Filipcev, University of Novi Sad, Serbia Cheryl Rosita Rock, California State University, United States Codina Georgiana Gabriela, Stefan cel Mare University Suceava, Romania Corina-aurelia Zugravu, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Romania Diego A. Moreno-Fernández, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain Domitila Augusta Huber, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil Elsa M Goncalves, Instituto Nacional de Investigacao Agrária, Portugal Jasdeep Saini, WTI (world Technology Ingredients), Inc., United States Jelena Dragisic Maksimovic, University of Belgrade, Serbia Kamila Goderska, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland Lenka Kourimska, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic Magdalena Polak-Berecka, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland Massimiliano Renna, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy Milla Santos, Universidade Federal De Uberlandia, Brazil Mwanza Mulunda, North West University, South Africa Na-Hyung Kim, Wonkwang University, Korea Richard Nyanzi, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa Slavica Grujic, University of Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia Herzegovina Suresh Kumar, Hanyang University, Korea Teodora Emilia Coldea, Univ. of AG Sciences & Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Romania Winny Routray, McGill University, Canada Yong Yang, University of Maryland, USA

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Ntinginya, Nyanda E. "OC 8718 WHAT DID WE LEARN FROM PANACEA 1 CLINICAL TRIALS?" BMJ Global Health 4, Suppl 3 (April 2019): A17.2—A17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-edc.42.

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BackgroundThe Pan African Consortium for the Evaluation of Anti-Tuberculosis Antibiotics (PanACEA) was designed to build clinical tuberculosis (TB) trial capacity whilst conducting clinical trials on novel and existing agents to shorten and simplify TB treatment. One of the objectives was to conduct, mentor and monitor observational and clinical studies at sites in 6 Sub-Saharan TB-endemic countries (Gabon, Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia)MethodsLearning through experience. All centres in the 6 countries self-assessed their requirements for capacity development in the following fields: a) clinical staff availability and experience; b) TB laboratory infrastructure and staff; c) safety laboratory infrastructure and staff; d) clinical site facilities and equipment; e) pharmacy facilities and staff; IT facilities; and f) overall training needs of site personnel.ResultsFrom March 2011 – June 2014, we conducted four epidemiological studies (characterising TB patient populations in preparation for future studies) and five phase II studies (GCP standard intervention trials).By working together in epidemiological and clinical trials, the sites identified their needs for resources and training as well as developing capabilities to perform independent large-scale TB clinical trials beyond PanACEA-initiated trials. Through the ReMoxTB study, for example, laboratories were brought to an international standard for safety and mycobacterial expertise. Furthermore, through developing skill-sets related to EBA studies, sites have since then attracted other sponsors for further studies.Sites could be mentored to perform GCP-compliant clinical TB trials that is built on sound physical infrastructure, training and strong on-site leadership.ConclusionThe learning-by-doing approach meant that staff could be trained whilst acquiring new core competencies and revealing operational gaps. Our experience of conducting TB trials within an environment of mentoring, networking and training has provided a platform for establishing future sustainable research centres that has capacities to conduct highly regulated studies.

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