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Journal articles on the topic 'Pharmacy Technician; Pharmacy Assistant'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Abrahamsen, Bjarke, Rikke Nørgaard Hansen, Marianne Bjørn-Christensen, Tina Druskeit, and Charlotte Rossing. "Using Real-Life Data to Strengthen the Education of Pharmacy Technician Students: From Student to Research Assistant." Pharmacy 8, no. 2 (April 8, 2020): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8020062.

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This commentary is based on the experience of teaching and observations of how pharmacy technician students can expand their perspective on patient safety by using real-life student-gathered patient data collected from community pharmacies. Pharmacy technicians in Denmark work extensively with counselling on the safe and efficient use of medications. Final-year pharmacy technician students can take the elective course in Clinical Pharmacy in Community Pharmacy, which targets the students who wish to work in depth with patient communication and quality assurance in counselling. One assignment that forms part of the course is for students to collect data about patients’ beliefs about medications. Teachers’ observations suggest that when students gather and work with their own data, they change their perspective on patients’ beliefs about medications. It also strengthens the students’ awareness of their responsibility for ensuring patient safety and contributes valid data to research in pharmacy practice.

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Leversha, Anne. "Empowering our Valuable Asset: the Pharmacy Assistant/Technician." Australian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 29, no. 6 (December 1999): 347–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jppr1999296347b.

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3

Zgarrick, David P., Tatiana Bujnoch, and Shane P. Desselle. "Wage Premiums as a Means to Evaluate the Labor Market for Pharmacy Technicians in the United States: 1997–2018." Pharmacy 8, no. 1 (March 17, 2020): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8010042.

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Pharmacy technicians are integral members of the health care team, assisting pharmacists and other health professionals in assuring safe and effective medication use. To date, evaluation of the labor market for pharmacy technicians has been limited, and relatively little has been evaluated regarding trends in wages. The objective of this research is to use US Bureau of Labor Statistics (US BLS) data to evaluate changes in pharmacy technician wages in the United States from 1997 to 2018 relative to changes in the US consumer price index (CPI). Median hourly wages for pharmacy technicians were collected from US BLS data from 1997 to 2018. Median hourly wages were compared to expected hourly wages, with the difference, a wage premium, indicative of imbalances in the supply and demand of labor. Both positive and negative wage premiums were observed, with most positive wage premiums occurring prior to 2007 and most negative wage premiums observed after 2008. Differences in wage premiums were also observed between technicians working in various practice settings. Given the median length of employment of pharmacy technicians, it is likely that the majority of technicians working in US pharmacies have not experienced increases in their wages relative to what would be expected by changes in the CPI. This has occurred at a time when pharmacies and pharmacists are asking more of their pharmacy technicians. Researchers and pharmacy managers must continue to evaluate the pharmacy technician labor market to assure that technician wage and compensation levels attract an adequate supply of sufficiently skilled workers.

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Zulfa, Ilil Maidatuz, and Fitria Dewi Yunitasari. "A SURVEY OF PHARMACY STAFF KNOWLEDGE RELATED TO ANTIBIOTICS IN SIDOARJO, INDONESIA." Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis 6, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/pharmacy.v6i2.3795.

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Antibiotics resistance still remains the problem in treating infection disease both in developing and developed country. One of the factor contribute to the increase of antibiotics resistance is irrational antibiotics use without prescriptions. There is still lack of information about factors related to the antibiotics dispense by pharmacy staff. This study was aimed to observe pharmacy staff knowledge about the pharmacology and the regulation of antibiotics. A cross sectional online survey using questionnaire was conducted to pharmacy staff who work for service in Sidoarjo from February to April 2020. The knowledge of antibiotics was classified into lack, enough, and good knowledge. A total of 233 respondents from 56 pharmacy recruited in this study. Of them, 17,17% were pharmacist; 10,73% were pharmacy technician; 52,36% were pharmacy assistant and 19,74% non pharmacy worker. Overall the majority of respondents had a good knowledge about antibiotics (48,93%). However, most of them did not know that only pharmacist who had responsible to dispense antibiotics based on prescriptions (58,37%), fail to describe antibiotics indications (46,35%) and had poor knowledge about the minimum length of antibiotics course (58,37%). Educating and upskilling pharmacy personel about antibiotics will minimize the irrational use of antibiotics which lead to the increase of antibiotics resistance caused by the lack information received by patients.

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Trumbeckaite, Sonata, Jurgita Dauksiene, Jurga Bernatoniene, and Valdimaras Janulis. "Knowledge, Attitudes, and Usage of Apitherapy for Disease Prevention and Treatment among Undergraduate Pharmacy Students in Lithuania." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/172502.

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Traditional medicine therapies are historically used worldwide for disease prevention and treatment purposes. Apitherapy is part of the traditional medicine based on bee product use. Complementary medicine practices which incorporate use of some traditional herbal, mineral, or animal kind substances very often are discussed with pharmacy professionals because these products are often sold in pharmacies as dietary supplements. This study is aimed at determining the attitude, knowledge, and practices of apitherapy among undergraduated pharmacy students (Master of Pharmacy) who already have a pharmacy technician diploma and from 1 to 20 years of practice working in a community pharmacy as pharmacy assistants. A method of questionnaire was chosen. The questions about attitudes, experience, knowledge, and practices for disease prevention and treatment of different bee products, their safety, and informational sources were included. Respondents shared opinion that use of bee product is part of the traditional medicine. Most of them had experience on honey product use for treatment and disease prevention for themselves and their family members (62%) although the need of more evidence based information was expressed. The most known bee products were honey, propolis, and royal jelly. They are widely used for enhancing the immune system and prevention of respiratory tract infection.

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Tonna, Antonella Pia, Anita Elaine Weidmann, Jacqueline Sneddon, and Derek Stewart. "Views and experiences of community pharmacy team members on antimicrobial stewardship activities in Scotland: a qualitative study." International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy 42, no. 5 (August 16, 2020): 1261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-020-01042-z.

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Abstract Background It has been acknowledged and recognised internationally that the community pharmacy team has a major role to play in antimicrobial stewardship programmes, particularly regarding patient engagement. However, there is a paucity of published research on community pharmacy-based activities in antimicrobial stewardship, and views and perceptions of the community pharmacy team on their role in antimicrobial stewardship. Objective To explore views and experiences of community pharmacy teams across Scotland on antimicrobial stewardship, activities related to European Antibiotic Awareness Day, and a self-help guide to treating infection. Setting Community pharmacy, Scotland. Methods Qualitative, semi-structured in-depth telephone interviews were undertaken with a purposive sample of community pharmacy team members over a six week period between November and December in 2016. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and data analysed thematically using the framework approach. Main outcome measure Views and perceptions of antimicrobial stewardship and European Antibiotic Awareness Day activities and role of the pharmacy team. Results Twenty-seven participants were interviewed—20 pharmacists, five pharmacy graduates completing their pre-registration year, and members of the pharmacy support team including two pharmacy technicians and one medicines counter assistant. They were working mainly in urban areas and across five regions of Scotland. Most were aware of antimicrobial stewardship but some were not familiar with the term. Participants identified roles for the community pharmacy team in antimicrobial stewardship including the importance of the pharmacy as a first port of call for self-care advice. Some participants, including pharmacists, showed lack of awareness of European Antibiotic Awareness Day; those who were aware thought it may not have the desired impact on educating the public. Most participants, irrespective of role within the team, were not familiar with the self-help guide but they perceived this as a useful resource for the pharmacy team. Conclusion The participants recognised and identified roles for the community pharmacist within antimicrobial stewardship. However, the lack of awareness of European Antibiotic Awareness Day shows a need for European Antibiotic Awareness Day tools and other materials to be more effectively disseminated and for more training to be provided.

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Maistre, Rebecca Le. "P27 Impact of having a paediatric medicines management pharmacy technician in a district general hospital." Archives of Disease in Childhood 105, no. 9 (August 19, 2020): e20.1-e20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-nppg.36.

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AimPatients are more likely to experience a ‘medicines-related safety incident’ when medicines reconciliation happens more than 24 hours after admission to an acute setting,1 according to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). The study aimed to assess the impact on medicine reconciliations following the introduction of a dedicated Paediatric Medicines Management Pharmacy Technician to the paediatric wards at a District General Hospital (DGH).MethodsData has been routinely collected by the pharmacy department over of a number of years showing the time of medicines reconciliations compared with the time of hospital admission. This data shows the number of medicine reconciliations that were completed within 24 hours of hospital admission and the number that were not completed within 24 hours. The data is routinely collected on the Thursday of the first full week of every month. All patients that were admitted to the paediatric wards were included in this data. The service is only funded Monday to Friday through the Child Health Department of the DGH. This data excludes neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Data was collected from 83 paediatric patients in March/April/May 2017 and 78 paediatric patients in March/April/May 2019.ResultsData collected for the paediatric patients over March/April/May 2017 showed that around 21.7% of all paediatric patients admitted to the wards had a completed medicines reconciliation within 24 hours. The data collected over the same period in 2019 showed that 85% paediatric patients admitted to the wards had a completed medicines reconciliation within 24 hours.ConclusionThis study was useful in demonstrating the effectiveness of introducing a dedicated Paediatric Medicine Management Pharmacy Technician to the paediatric wards in a DGH. It showed that the proportion of medicine reconciliations within 24 hours prior to the change was very low, but after the change it was very high with nearly all patients having a completed medicines reconciliation within 24 hours. Prior to the introduction of a dedicated Paediatric Medicines Management Pharmacy Technician, the paediatric wards at this DGH were not meeting the standards set by NICE regarding medicines reconciliations within 24 hours of being admitted to an acute setting. After the introduction the paediatric wards were meeting these standards. By meeting NICE guideline QS120 Medicines Optimisation, the DGH has reduced the likelihood of medicines-related safety incidents. With the introduction of a dedicated Paediatric Medicines Management Pharmacy Technician there have been many other benefits. These include counselling to parents/children on the use of their medicines; checking of patients’ own medicines to see if they are still fit for purpose; advice to parents about unlicensed medicines and why they are used; where to obtain further supplies when new medicines have been started; and assisting parents and GP surgeries with any supply issues.ReferenceNational Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Medicines Optimisation (internet). (London):NICE; March 2016.(Quality Standard [QS120]). Available from www.nice.org.uk/guidance/qs120//chapter/Quality-statement-4-Medicines-reconciliation-in-acute-settings

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Balayssac, David, Bruno Pereira, Julie Virot, Céline Lambert, Aurore Collin, David Alapini, Jean-Marc Gagnaire, Nicolas Authier, Damien Cuny, and Brigitte Vennat. "Work-related stress, associated comorbidities and stress causes in French community pharmacies: a nationwide cross-sectional study." PeerJ 5 (October 26, 2017): e3973. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3973.

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Background Like other health professionals, community pharmacists are exposed to stress factors (being efficient, avoiding mistakes and bearing emotional load), but they are also under the pressure of entrepreneurial responsibilities. The main objective was to assess the level of work-related stress in French community pharmacies. The other objectives of the study were to assess the associated comorbidities and causes of work-related stress. Methods This observational cross-sectional study was sent to all French community pharmacies by email. The survey was anonymous and designed to collect the following items: socio-demographic factors, professional status, characteristics of community pharmacy, work-related stress (visual analogic scale—VAS), fatigue (VAS), sleep disturbances (questions), anxiety and depression symptoms (hospital anxiety and depression scale), medical consultation for work-related stress, medication use for work related stress, psychoactive drug-use and causes of work-related stress. Participants were included in the survey if they were pharmacists (owner or assistant) or pharmacy technicians working in a community pharmacy at the time of the survey. Exclusion criteria were defined as follows: pharmacy students or other professionals involved in a community pharmacy (e.g. dietician, beautician) and lack of professional status information. There was no age limitation. Results After three months of data collection, 1,339 participants answered the survey and 1,272 participants were included in conformity with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and to avoid missing data on the primary endpoint. Work-related stress was detected in 32.8% (417/1,272) of individuals (scores ≥70/100). Men were significantly more affected than women and there was no difference between professional statuses and no relation with the age of the participants. Work-related stress was significantly associated with anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbances, medical consultations, medication use, alcohol consumption above the WHO recommendations for men and psychoactive drug use. Three causes of stress were clearly identified and related to stress levels, workload, working atmosphere and deterioration of work quality. However, causes of work-related stress were significantly different among professionals, for example: entrepreneurial burden for pharmacists-in-charge and workload for employees (assistant pharmacists and pharmacy technicians). Discussion Work-related stress has a very strong impact in French community pharmacies. This stress was associated with several comorbidities and induces health resource consumption. Several causes of work-related stress have been identified such as workload, working atmosphere and deterioration of work quality; however, these causes could be detected and managed to improve stress levels. We recommend developing individual and organizational stress management in French community pharmacies.

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Willis, Matthew, Paul Duckworth, Angela Coulter, Eric T. Meyer, and Michael Osborne. "Qualitative and quantitative approach to assess of the potential for automating administrative tasks in general practice." BMJ Open 10, no. 6 (June 2020): e032412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032412.

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ObjectiveTo identify the extent to which administrative tasks carried out by primary care staff in general practice could be automated.DesignA mixed-method design including ethnographic case studies, focus groups, interviews and an online survey of automation experts.SettingThree urban and three rural general practice health centres in England selected for differences in list size and organisational characteristics.ParticipantsObservation and interviews with 65 primary care staff in the following job roles: administrator, manager, general practitioner, healthcare assistant, nurse practitioner, pharmacy technician, phlebotomist, practice nurse, pharmacist, prescription clerk, receptionist, scanning clerk, secretary and medical summariser; together with a survey of 156 experts in automation technologies.Methods330 hours of ethnographic observation and documentation of administrative tasks carried out by staff in each of the above job roles, followed by coding and classification; semistructured interviews with 10 general practitioners and 6 staff focus groups. The online survey of machine learning, artificial intelligence and robotics experts was analysed using an ordinal Gaussian process prediction model to estimate the automatability of the observed tasks.ResultsThe model predicted that roughly 44% of administrative tasks carried out by staff in general practice are ‘mostly’ or ‘completely’ automatable using currently available technology. Discussions with practice staff underlined the need for a cautious approach to implementation.ConclusionsThere is considerable potential to extend the use of automation in primary care, but this will require careful implementation and ongoing evaluation.

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Wilson, Debbie L. "Defining “Pharmacy Technician”." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 20, no. 2 (March 2004): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875512250402000206.

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Thuo, H. Michael, and Albert I. Wertheimer. "Pharmacy Technician Competency." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 7, no. 3 (May 1991): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875512259100700306.

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Thuo, H. Michael, and Albert I. Wertheimer. "Pharmacy Technician Competency." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 7, no. 5 (September 1991): 184–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875512259100700510.

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Howard, Fredrick. "Pharmacy Technician Errors." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 16, no. 4 (July 2000): 129–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875512250001600404.

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Gavaza, Paul, Zachary Hackworth, Trina Ho, Haneul Kim, Zuleyka Lopez, Jonathan Mamhit, Miriam Vasquez, Jenee Vo, Nancy Kwahara, and Farnoosh Zough. "California Pharmacists' and Pharmacy Technicians' Opinions on Administration of Immunizations in Community Pharmacies by Pharmacy Technicians." Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy Practice 67, no. 1 (April 13, 2020): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37901/jcphp19-00001.

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Pharmacy technicians are prohibited from administering immunizations in California. This study sought to determine the opinions of California pharmacists and pharmacy technicians on the administration of immunizations in community pharmacies by pharmacy technicians. Both pharmacists and pharmacy technicians supported the authorization of pharmacy technicians to administer immunizations. Both believed that pharmacy technicians' assistance in administering immunizations would be beneficial.

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Rosen, Barbara E. "Community Pharmacy Opportunities and the Pharmacy Technician." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 2, no. 4 (July 1986): 182–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875512258600200409.

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Waddell, J. Aubrey, Lance C. Hannan, and Marissa R. Stephens. "Pharmacy Technician Competencies for Practice in an Oncology Pharmacy." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 14, no. 5 (September 1998): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875512259801400506.

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Objective: To document the additional competencies that a well-trained pharmacy technician, with no previous oncology pharmacy training or experience, needs to practice effectively in an oncology pharmacy; and to develop a form to document the training of oncology pharmacy technicians at our institution. Design: From September 1, 1997, to November 1, 1997, the oncology pharmacist and the oncology pharmacy technicians developed a list of pharmacy technician competencies that were believed to be unique to pharmacy technician practice in an oncology pharmacy. Information from MEDLINE searches, drug manufacturer materials, and reference books was used to support the competencies identified. Setting: This project was conducted at Brooke Army Medical Center, a 450-bed teaching and research institution of the US Army Medical Department. Results: Twenty-five oncology pharmacy technician competencies were documented. This list was made into a form for inclusion in each oncology pharmacy technician's competency-based assessment folder and for use in training of future oncology pharmacy technicians. Conclusions: There are a significant number of additional competencies that a well-trained pharmacy technician needs in order to practice effectively in our institution's oncology pharmacy. The identification of these additional competencies facilitated the development of a form to document the training of oncology pharmacy technicians.

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Dexter, Patricia Delk. "Assessing Pharmacy Technician Manpower." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 5, no. 2 (March 1989): 86–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875512258900500219.

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O'Leary, Karen M. "Hospital Pharmacy Technician Qualifications." Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research 35, no. 4 (December 2005): 259–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2055-2335.2005.tb00356.x.

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Blumenfeld, Michael. "The Evolution of Pharmacy Practice — The Pharmacy Technician." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 21, no. 6 (September 16, 2008): 445–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190008325766.

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Miller, Daniel C., and Andrew J. Donnelly. "Pharmacy Technician Activity in the Operating Room Pharmacy Satellite." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 2, no. 3 (May 1986): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875512258600200307.

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Lengel, Matthew, Catherine H. Kuhn, Marcia Worley, Allison M. Wehr, and James W. McAuley. "Pharmacy technician involvement in community pharmacy medication therapy management." Journal of the American Pharmacists Association 58, no. 2 (March 2018): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2017.12.011.

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Gregory, Paul A. M., and Zubin Austin. "Conflict in community pharmacy practice." Canadian Pharmacists Journal / Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada 150, no. 1 (December 8, 2016): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1715163516679426.

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Background: Intraprofessional conflict among pharmacists, regulated technicians and assistants may undermine attempts to advance patient care in community pharmacy. There is no available research examining this issue in light of the evolution of the profession and roles within the profession. Methods: A combination of interviews and focus groups involving pharmacists, technicians and assistants was undertaken. Each participant completed the Conflict Management Scale as a way of identifying conflict management style. Data were analyzed and coded using a constant-comparative, iterative method. Results: A total of 41 pharmacy team members participated in this research (14 pharmacists, 14 technicians and 13 assistants). Four key themes were identified that related to conflict within community pharmacy: role misunderstanding, threats to self-identity, differences in conflict management style and workplace demotivation. Interpretation: As exploratory research, this study highlighted the need for greater role clarity and additional conflict management skills training as supports for the pharmacy team. The impact of conflict in the workplace was described by participants as significant, adverse and multifactorial. Conclusions: To support practice change, there has been major evolution of roles and responsibilities of pharmacists, technicians and assistants. Conflict among pharmacy team members has the potential to adversely affect the quality of care provided to patients and is an issue for managers, owners, regulators and educators.

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Alexander, Ronald L., Cynthia Derouin, and Diana S. Jacobs. "Technician Involvement in Pharmacy Organizations." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 1, no. 4 (July 1985): 170–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875512258500100409.

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Shaman, David. "Pharmacy technician accreditation standards updated." Pharmacy Today 22, no. 2 (February 2016): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ptdy.2016.01.017.

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Gates, Dennis M. "Book Review: The Pharmacy Technician." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 56, no. 21 (November 1, 1999): 2258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/56.21.2258.

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Stuhan, Mary Ann. "Mosby's Pharmacy Technician Lab Manual." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 23, no. 5 (September 2007): 315–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875512250702300517.

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Guirguis, Fadi, Robin Andrade, Connie Beck, Debbie Ellen, Jennifer Slivecka, and Cynthia L. Richard. "Partners in pharmacy: An intraprofessional educational event with pharmacy and pharmacy technician students." Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning 12, no. 3 (March 2020): 302–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2019.12.010.

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Gray, Jeffrey A., James S. Wheeler, Chad K. Gentry, and Glen E. Farr. "Will new standards for pharmacy technician education change pharmacy practice?" American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 76, no. 14 (July 2, 2019): 1015–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxz084.

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Moscou, Kathy D. "Pharmacy Technician Educators' Attitudes toward Education and Training Requirements for Pharmacy Technicians." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 16, no. 4 (July 2000): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875512250001600407.

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Objective: To poll members of the Pharmacy Technician Educators Council (PTEC) to determine their attitudes toward the level of education and training necessary for pharmacy technicians to perform current and expanded duties. Methods: A convenience survey was developed and sent to 130 PTEC member training programs. PTEC members include directors of college, vocational, and on-the-job training programs. Results: Thirty-seven PTEC members responded, yielding a response rate of 28.5%. Responses reflected the opinions of directors of pharmacy technician programs from 19 states. All respondents agreed that the length of training for pharmacy technicians should be standardized. They also agreed that minimum competencies should be established for pharmacy technicians and that examination should be required to obtain certification or licensure that would then enable the technician to be employed in the field. Conclusions: The use of pharmacy technicians will likely increase, as will the duties pharmacy technicians perform. Expansion of the role of pharmacy technicians, however, must be in tandem with standardizing training and establishment of competencies for pharmacy technicians. Increased responsibilities should be commensurate with increased education and national examination should be required to determine competency.

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Andreski, Michael, Erica Martin, Victoria Valentine Brouner, and Sarah Sorum. "Advancing Community Pharmacy Practice – A Technician Product Verification Pilot to Optimize Care." INNOVATIONS in pharmacy 11, no. 2 (June 11, 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24926/iip.v11i2.2340.

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Elevating the technical role of pharmacy technicians to perform Technician Product Verification (TPV) is one strategy that has shown promise to optimize pharmacy practice models. This is done by better positioning pharmacists to provide clinical care, in line with their education and expertise. TPV permits a Validated Pharmacy Technician, as defined by the Wisconsin Pharmacy Examining Board, to verify the accuracy of a product filled by another technician. The pharmacist maintains responsibility for assessing the clinical appropriateness of the prescription, including drug utilization review, data entry, and patient counseling. During the study period, 12,891 pharmacist-verified prescriptions (baseline) and 27,447 Validated Pharmacy Technician-verified prescriptions were audited for accuracy. The aggregate verification error rate for pharmacist-verified prescriptions was 0.16% and 0.01% for Validated Pharmacy Technician-verified prescriptions. The mean error rate was significantly less for Validated Pharmacy Technician-verified prescriptions than for pharmacist-verified prescriptions (0.19 ± 0.174 % vs 0.03 ± 0.089 %, p=0.020) (Figure 3). This suggests TPV in the community pharmacy setting maintained patient safety. In this study, Validated Pharmacy Technicians were shown to be more accurate than pharmacists at performing product verification. The ability to delegate the product verification task holds the potential to free up pharmacist time for increased direct patient care. Increasing direct patient care by pharmacists in community pharmacies may have significant implications for improving patient outcomes and pharmacy quality. Article Type: Original Research

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Hunold, Rebecca L., and Mary F. Powers. "Role of Approved Ohio High School Training Programs in the Demand for Pharmacy Technicians." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 35, no. 2 (November 28, 2018): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755122518813706.

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Objective: To provide an overview of Ohio Administrative Code 4729 and to identify the potential role of newly approved Ohio high school training programs in preparation of registration-ready pharmacy technicians. Data Sources: Relevant sections of the Ohio Administrative Code and the Ohio public high school pharmacy technician training program application were identified through the Ohio Board of Pharmacy website. Resources on employee training and pharmacy technician demand were used from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Forbes magazine, Association for Talent Development, and ExploreGate. Information pertaining to the approved high school training programs was identified from the program-specific websites. Related materials were searched for via PubMed and Google Scholar from 2000 to present. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Portions of the Ohio Administrative Code pertaining to pharmacy technician training and registration. Articles describing the cost of employer-based training and the growth of pharmacy technician demand. Data Synthesis: Training and registration requirements for pharmacy technicians have increased over the past decade. In Ohio, pharmacy technicians must now complete an approved training program and become either a registered or certified technician with the Board of Pharmacy. Technicians may complete either a nationally recognized, employer-based, or public high school training program prior to becoming a registered or certified pharmacy technician. Ohio public high school training programs must be Board approved and must prepare students for national certification. After completing a high school training program, pharmacy technicians are adequately prepared to enter the workforce with minimal training burden to potential employers. Conclusions: Newly approved Ohio high school training programs have the potential to fulfill the increased demand for pharmacy technicians at a decreased cost to both students and employers.

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Cheah, Ron, Arjun Rajkhowa, Rodney James, Kym Wangeman, Sonia Koning, Karin Thursky, and Kirsty Buising. "Case for antimicrobial stewardship pharmacy technicians in Australian hospitals." Australian Health Review 44, no. 6 (2020): 941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah19236.

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The pharmacist’s role in hospital antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs is known to improve patient safety and the quality of care. Despite this, many Australian hospitals struggle to provide adequate pharmacy AMS program resourcing and need to explore newer models of care. The Pharmacy Board of Australia’s Guidelines for Dispensing Medicines permit suitably qualified, competent and experienced pharmacy technicians to assist pharmacists in ‘tasks in a pharmacy department’. The pharmacy technician workforce is expanding, and there is growing interest in career advancement and expansion of the pharmacy technician role. We propose that the pharmacy technician, a well-integrated member of many Australian hospital pharmacy departments, can play an important role in hospital AMS programs. To bolster AMS initiatives in Australian hospitals, this paper explores the existing evidence for pharmacy technicians in AMS programs and describes how this role may be better supported in Australia.

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Taylor, Brooke, and Bella Mehta. "The Community Pharmacy Technician’s Role in the Changing Pharmacy Practice Space." INNOVATIONS in pharmacy 11, no. 2 (June 9, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24926/iip.v11i2.3325.

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Purpose: The practice of pharmacy and role of pharmacists has evolved over the decades but markedly since the introduction of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2010. The ACA allowed patients to have increased access to community pharmacy services, such as medication therapy management, leading to an increase in the clinical services provided by pharmacists. This expansion of pharmacist’s roles has led to pharmacists to feel an increase in workload which negatively impacts the time spent with patients. One way for this shift to occur without continuing to increase the pharmacist’s workload is by using technicians as pharmacist extenders to take on more technical tasks. Summary: The role of pharmacy technicians has been slow to expand from fear of public safety due to the lack of required education and training. Today, state requirements to practice as a pharmacy technician have become stricter with state requiring licensing, registration or certification. This increase in requirements as led to the expansion of pharmacy technician duties. Studies show that pharmacy technicians are able to perform technician accuracy checking, provide immunization and perform Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)-waived screenings. In addition to these duties, pharmacy technicians are being utilized in more novel ways such as collecting medication information in primary care and telepharmacy settings. Conclusion: In order for pharmacy to continue to grow as a profession, pharmacists need to use pharmacy technicians as extenders. As pharmacy technicians begin to take on more of the technical duties, pharmacists are able to increase the time spent with patients. Article Type: Commentary

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Eid, Deeb, Joseph Osborne, and Brian Borowicz. "Moving the Needle: A 50-State and District of Columbia Landscape Review of Laws Regarding Pharmacy Technician Vaccine Administration." Pharmacy 7, no. 4 (December 10, 2019): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy7040168.

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Pharmacy technicians are essential for inner workings of pharmacy teams and their depth of involvement in roles continues to evolve. An innovative role for pharmacy technicians, administration of vaccines, has emerged. With Idaho, Rhode Island, and Utah recently implementing changes that allow pharmacy technicians to safely perform this role, the need arose for a detailed examination of the law climate in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. A nine-question survey was sent out to all 51 state boards of pharmacy inquiring to legislative and regulatory environment of pharmacy technician vaccine administration. Additionally, a protocol driven, peer-reviewed process of state-specific regulations and statutes revealed categorized trends pertaining to this topic. Each state was classified per protocol into four different categories. The categorization resulted in identification of nine states in which pharmacy technician administered vaccination may be considered “Not Expressly Prohibited”. A majority of states were categorized as prohibited (either directly or indirectly). Board of pharmacy respondents (43%) reported varying viewpoints on technician administered vaccines. While three states (Idaho, Rhode Island, Utah) have already made changes to allow for pharmacy technician administered vaccinations, opportunities exist for other states to consider changes to statutes or rules.

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Draime, Juanita A., Emily C. Wicker, Zachary J. Krauss, Joel L. Sweeney, and Douglas C. Anderson. "Description of Position Ads for Pharmacy Technicians." Pharmacy 8, no. 2 (May 22, 2020): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8020088.

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Pharmacy technician roles are evolving alongside the changing role of a pharmacist. There is currently no uniform definition of a pharmacy technician’s role in the pharmacy workforce. The objective of this study was to look at the United States-based pharmacy technician advertisement database from Pharmacy Week to find patterns and commonalities in the duties and qualifications of pharmacy technicians. A retrospective analysis was performed on fourteen days of pharmacy technician job listings from Pharmacy Week from the year 2018. Information obtained from the listings included job title, location, setting, type of job, job duties, and job requirements. Job duties and requirements were coded by themes. Fourteen days of data resulted in 21,007 individual position listings. A majority of the job listings were for full-time positions (96.4%) and most were in the retail setting (96.78%). The most common requirements were registration with State Board, high school diploma, ability to perform tasks, communication, and physical. The most common job duties were general office etiquette, performing tasks under the direct supervision of the pharmacist, and professionalism. This study provides a description of the evolving role of pharmacy technicians through the broad variety in expectations for requirements of pharmacy technician applicants and the duties they perform when hired.

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Dering-Anderson, Allison M., Madeline E. Blaha, and Judith L. Neville. "Defining the Role of the Advanced Pharmacy Technician: Perspective Dissonance." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 36, no. 6 (August 8, 2020): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755122520947637.

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Background: Pharmacy technicians serve as pharmacist extenders. Attempts at advancing their practice have not been as rapid as the profession would prefer. We postulated that a barrier to this advancement is lack of agreement between pharmacists and technicians on how advancement should occur and on what it means. Objective: The objectives were to evaluate the differences in definitions and expectations of “technician advancement” between pharmacists and pharmacy technicians as potential impediments to advancement. Methods: Multimodal: An initial questionnaire for pharmacy technicians was collected during the American Association of Pharmacy Technicians Annual Convention to identify major topics for further survey. From those data, a survey was developed to ask pharmacists and pharmacy technicians about “technician advancement.” Surveys were provided to technicians in seminar settings; to members of the Nebraska Pharmacists Association; and via online platforms such as Facebook. Additionally, face-to-face targeted interviews were conducted with pharmacy technicians attending American Association of Pharmacy Technicians conventions and with the pharmacy technician and pharmacist leaders at the Nebraska Pharmacists Association. Results: Responses show that pharmacists’ expectations for advancing the practice of pharmacy technicians and the expectations of the technicians themselves vary widely. A notable finding is that 96% of all technicians responding see technician payment as a significant issue in advancement, while less than 4% of pharmacists commented on rate of pay. Conclusion: While both pharmacists and pharmacy technicians are hopeful for pharmacy technician role advancement, there is substantial disagreement about the definition of advancement that may be a barrier to the process.

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Bright, David, and Alex J. Adams. "Pharmacy technician–administered vaccines in Idaho." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 74, no. 24 (December 15, 2017): 2033–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2146/ajhp170158.

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Keresztes, Jan M. "Support Your Local Pharmacy Technician Educator!" Journal of Pharmacy Technology 16, no. 1 (January 2000): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875512250001600102.

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Stuhan, Mary Ann. "CCP Pharmacy Technician Credentialing Framework: Commentary." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 26, no. 3 (May 2010): 147–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875512251002600308.

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Wild, David. "ASHP Pharmacy Technician Forum Executive Committee." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 77, no. 14 (June 17, 2020): 1094–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxaa138.

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Wild, David. "ASHP Pharmacy Technician Forum Executive Committee." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 77, no. 22 (October 30, 2020): 1824–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxaa349.

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Wild, David. "ASHP Pharmacy Technician Forum Executive Committee." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 76, no. 18 (September 3, 2019): 1370–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxz195.

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Wild, David. "ASHP Pharmacy Technician Forum Executive Committee." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 76, no. 21 (September 19, 2019): 1714–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxz220.

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Wild, David. "ASHP Pharmacy Technician Forum Executive Committee." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 76, no. 22 (October 26, 2019): 1819–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxz253.

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Wild, David. "ASHP Pharmacy Technician Forum Executive Committee." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 76, no. 24 (December 2, 2019): 2002–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxz270.

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Wild, David. "ASHP Pharmacy Technician Forum Executive Committee." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 77, no. 1 (November 25, 2019): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxz287.

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Bross, Richard A., Joseph E. Ness, and Renee Rudisill. "Benefits of forming pharmacy technician teams." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 61, no. 13 (July 1, 2004): 1389–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/61.13.1389.

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Kuschinsky, Dick. "Pharmacy Technician Training 50 Years Ago." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 50, no. 8 (August 1, 1993): 1578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/50.8.1578a.

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O'Leary, Karen M., Andrew Harding, and Joanne Rocca. "Victorian Hospital Pharmacy Technician Workforce Survey." Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research 36, no. 1 (March 2006): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2055-2335.2006.tb00883.x.

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Cisneros, Bob. "The Pharmacy Technician: A Comprehensive Approach." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 21, no. 6 (November 2005): 369–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875512250502100616.

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