Academic literature on the topic 'Pharnabazus'

The Macedonian invasion force was not a large one, 50,000 men at the most. And the conquest of Asia Minor was at best superficial, with the largest and most influential cities as the main targets. It would be left for the newly appointed governors—such as Calas, Antigonus, and Asander—to secure those regions that had been bypassed or had made an insufficient show of submission. Furthermore, the fleet had been disbanded after the capture of Miletus, only to be reconstituted some months later, but by then rebels on the Greek mainland (notably the Spartans) had made contact with Memnon of Rhodes and Pharnabazus, who hoped to regain control of the Aegean. Even after the defeat at Issus, there were troops who escaped to Cappadocia and Paphlagonia. Their efforts were, however, disorganized and their numbers insufficient. Cut off from their king, who was retreating eastward, the survivors of Issus were defeated in Lydia. The naval strength in the Aegean simply melted away. In the end, the Spartan rebels could not stand up to Alexander’s regent in Greece.

Chapter 9 explores the impact of Persian religion on Anatolia and the Caucasus and the means by which the Orontids, Artaxiads, Pharnabazids, Mithradatids and Ariarathids engaged ancient Persian royal traditions while cultivating pre-Persian cults.