Relevant bibliographies by topics / Phase equilibrium phenomena

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Phase equilibrium phenomena'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Phase equilibrium phenomena"

1

Toikka, Alexander, and Maria Toikka. "Solubility and critical phenomena in reactive liquid–liquid systems." Pure and Applied Chemistry 81, no. 9 (2009): 1591–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-08-11-04.

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The goal of this work is to consider solubility phenomena in reactive fluid mixtures with liquid-phase splitting. One of the main tasks is to analyze peculiarities of liquid–liquid (LL) systems with equilibrium and nonequilibrium chemical reaction. The special aim is to consider the critical states in these systems. The reactive liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) is treated on the base of phase rule. The topology of diagrams of reactive LLE is discussed for some types of binary and ternary systems. Examples are presented of a possible transformation of phase diagrams caused by the shifting of che
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Fujita, Hiroshi. "Non-equilibrium phase formation." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (1990): 506–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100175661.

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The most important advantage of EM’s is in situ experiments on detailed processes of the same phenomena that occur in bulk materials. In recent years, in situ experiments with HVEM’s, in particular with a 3MV ultra-HVEM , has made it possible to create non-equilibrium phases, which do not exist in nature, or to control and design materials on an atomic scale. Namely, HVEM’s have developed to “Micro-Laboratory”, in which various material-treatments can be done, for natural science from powerful tools for characterization and/or identification of materials.l.The General Rule for Solid Amorphizat
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Hinrichsen, Haye. "Non-equilibrium critical phenomena and phase transitions into absorbing states." Advances in Physics 49, no. 7 (2000): 815–958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00018730050198152.

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LÜBECK, SVEN. "UNIVERSAL SCALING BEHAVIOR OF NON-EQUILIBRIUM PHASE TRANSITIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 18, no. 31n32 (2004): 3977–4118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979204027748.

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Non-equilibrium critical phenomena have attracted a lot of research interest in the recent decades. Similar to equilibrium critical phenomena, the concept of universality remains the major tool to order the great variety of non-equilibrium phase transitions systematically. All systems belonging to a given universality class share the same set of critical exponents, and certain scaling functions become identical near the critical point. It is known that the scaling functions vary more widely between different universality classes than the exponents. Thus, universal scaling functions offer a sen
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Bogel-Łukasik, Rafał, Linda Maria Nobre Gonçalves, and Ewa Bogel-Łukasik. "Phase equilibrium phenomena in solutions involving tannins, flavonoids and ionic liquids." Green Chemistry 12, no. 11 (2010): 1947. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0gc00308e.

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Carollo, Angelo, Bernardo Spagnolo, and Davide Valenti. "Non-Equilibrium Phenomena in Quantum Systems, Criticality and Metastability." Proceedings 12, no. 1 (2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019012043.

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We summarise here some relevant results related to non-equilibrium quantum systems. We characterise quantum phase transitions (QPT) in out-of-equilibrium quantum systems through a novel approach based on geometrical and topological properties of mixed quantum systems. We briefly describe results related to non-perturbative studies of the bistable dynamics of a quantum particle coupled to an environment. Finally, we shortly summarise recent studies on the generation of solitons in current-biased long Josephson junctions.
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Straumal, Boris B., Alexey Rodin, A. E. Shotanov, Alexander B. Straumal, Olga A. Kogtenkova, and Brigitte Baretzky. "Pseudopartial Grain Boundary Wetting: Key to the Thin Intergranular Layers." Defect and Diffusion Forum 333 (January 2013): 175–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.333.175.

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The thin layers of a second phase (also called complexions) in grain boundaries (GB) and triple junctions (TJs) are more and more frequently observed in polycrystals. The prewetting (or premelting) phase transitions were the first phenomena proposed to explain their existence. The deficit of the wetting phase in case of complete wetting can also lead to the formation of thin GB and TJ phases. However, only the phenomenon of pseudopartial (or pseudoincomplete, or constrained complete) wetting permitted to explain, how the thin GB film can exist in the equilibrium with GB lenses of a second phas
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Epand, Richard M. "Relationship of phospholipid hexagonal phases to biological phenomena." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 68, no. 1 (1990): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o90-003.

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Phospholipid bilayers can undergo morphological rearrangements to other phases. The formation of one of these nonbilayer phases, the hexagonal phase, is preceded by an increase in the hydrophobicity of the bilayer surface and a destabilization of the bilayer structure. Certain membrane additives promote, while others inhibit, the formation of the hexagonal phase. Many of the molecular features that determine this phase preference are understood. Some of the properties of membranes are modulated by agents that affect the relative stability of the bilayer and hexagonal phases. Addition of bilaye
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Nezbeda, Ivó, Jiří Kolafa, and William R. Smith. "Global phase diagrams of binary mixtures Systematic basis for describing types of phase equilibrium phenomena." Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 93, no. 17 (1997): 3073–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a608196g.

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Harris, Kendall T., A. Haji-Sheikh, and A. G. Agwu Nnanna. "Phase-change phenomena in porous media – a non-local thermal equilibrium model." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 44, no. 8 (2001): 1619–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0017-9310(00)00191-5.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Phase equilibrium phenomena"

1

Kitagawa, Takuya. "New phenomena in non-equilibrium quantum physics." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10735.

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From its beginning in the early 20th century, quantum theory has become progressively more important especially due to its contributions to the development of technologies. Quantum mechanics is crucial for current technology such as semiconductors, and also holds promise for future technologies such as superconductors and quantum computing. Despite of the success of quantum theory, its applications have been mostly limited to equilibrium or static systems due to 1. lack of experimental controllability of non-equilibrium quantum systems 2. lack of theoretical frameworks to understand non-equili
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Turnbull, R. W. "Approximation schemes for statistical mechanics in the complex temperature plane." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376171.

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Park, Hyunhang. "Spin Systems far from Equilibrium: Aging and Dynamic Phase Transition." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/19323.

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Among the many non-equilibrium processes encountered in nature we deal with two different but related aspects. One is the non-equilibrium relaxation process that is at the origin of \'aging phenomena••, and the other one is a non-equilibrium phase transition, called ••dynamic phase transition••. One of the main purposes of our research is to explore more realistic situations than studied previously. Indeed, in the study of aging phenomena certain kinds of disorder effects are considered, and we introduce the ••surface•• as a spatial boundary to the system undergoing the dynamic phase transitio
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Raghavan, Ashwin Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Multi-scale modeling tools for coupled reaction, phase equilibrium and two-phase mixing phenomena with application to supercritical water heavy oil upgrading process." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/121848.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2019<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 253-261).<br>Supercritical water heavy oil upgrading, which has the potential for high distillate liquid yields with lower coke formation, is a complex process involving coupled reactions, phase equilibrium and two-phase mixing phenomena. This thesis presents the development of a range of models and tools to simulate such processes at different scales with varying levels of fidelity in describing the underlying
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Yamada, Ryo. "Application of Steepest-Entropy-Ascent Quantum Thermodynamics to Solid-State Phenomena." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/85866.

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Steepest-entropy-ascent quantum thermodynamics (SEAQT) is a mathematical and theoretical framework for intrinsic quantum thermodynamics (IQT), a unified theory of quantum mechanics and thermodynamics. In the theoretical framework, entropy is viewed as a measure of energy load sharing among available energy eigenlevels, and a unique relaxation path of a system from an initial non-equilibrium state to a stable equilibrium is determined from the greatest entropy generation viewpoint. The SEAQT modeling has seen a great development recently. However, the applications have mainly focused on gas pha
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Li, Linjun. "Systems Driven out of Equilibrium with Energy Input at Interfaces or Boundaries." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77884.

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We study the non-equilibrium behavior of systems that are driven out of equilibrium from the interface. In the first part of this thesis, we study a model of a two-dimensional lattice gas that is in contact with two heat baths that are at different temperatures. Performing Monte Carlo simulations, we find that there are three possible types of non-equilibrium steady states, depending on the values of certain system parameters. They include a disordered phase, a fully phase separated state, and an interesting state with striped patterns in the half of the lattice where the temperature is lower.
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Armellini, Fred J. "Phase equilibria and precipitation phenomena of sodium chloride and sodium sulfate in sub- and supercritical water." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12552.

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Allegra, Nicolas. "Propriétés critiques des modèles de dimères, de chaînes de spin et d’interfaces." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0203/document.

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L’étude réalisée dans cette thèse porte sur les phénomènes critiques classiques et quantiques. En effet, les phénomènes critiques et les transitions de phases sont devenus des sujets fondamentaux en physique statistique moderne et en théorie des champs et nous proposons dans cette thèse d’étudier certains modèles qui présentent un comportement critique, à la fois à l’équilibre et hors de l’équilibre. Dans la première partie de la thèse, certaines propriétés du modèle de dimères à deux dimensions sont étudiées. Ce modèle a été largement étudié dans les communautés de physique statistique et de
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Songprakorp, Roongrojana. "Investigation of transient phenomena of proton exchange membrane fuel cells." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1115.

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The research presented in this thesis is a contribution to the modeling and understanding of the dynamic behavior of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). A time-dependent, two-phase non-isothermal model of the membrane electrode assembly was developed and implemented using the finite element method. In addition to solving a phenomenological transport equation for water in the membrane, the model takes into consideration the non-equilibrium water sorption to better capture some of the dynamic characteristics of water transport in the MEA. Mass transfer using Fickian diffusion is implem
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(9674882), Sayan Basak. "Hysteresis and Pattern Formation in Electronic Phase Transitions in Quantum Materials." Thesis, 2020.

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<div>We propose an order parameter theory of the quantum Hall nematic in high fractional Landau levels in terms of an Ising description. This new model solves a couple of extant problems in the literature: (1) The low-temperature behavior of the measured resistivity anisotropy is captured better by our model than previous theoretical treatments based on the electron nematic having XY symmetry. (2) Our model allows for the development of true long-range order at low temperature, consistent with the observation of anisotropic low-temperature transport.<br></div><div><div> We furthermore p
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Books on the topic "Phase equilibrium phenomena"

1

Introduction to phase transitions and critical phenomena. Oxford University Press, 1987.

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Thermodynamics of polymer solutions: Phase equilibria and critical phenomena. Elsevier, 1990.

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Introduction to Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena. Oxford University Press, 1993.

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K, Kamilov I., and Institut fiziki (Rossiĭskai͡a︡ akademii͡a︡ nauk), eds. Termodinamika fazovykh ravnovesiĭ i kriticheskie i͡a︡vlenii͡a︡: Sbornik nauchnykh trudov. Dagestanskiĭ nauch. t͡s︡entr RAN, In-t fiziki, 1991.

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A Phase Rule Approach to Critical Point Phenomena in Chemically Reacting Systems: A Dissertation. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2017.

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Carey, Van P. Liquid Vapor Phase Change Phenomena: An Introduction to the Thermophysics of Vaporization and Condensation Processes in Heat Transfer Equipment. 2nd ed. Taylor & Francis, 2007.

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Carey, Van P. Liquid-Vapor Phase-Change Phenomena: An Introduction to the Thermophysics of Vaporization and Condensation Processes in Heat Transfer Equipment, Third Edition. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Carey, Van P. Liquid-Vapor Phase-Change Phenomena: An Introduction to the Thermophysics of Vaporization and Condensation Processes in Heat Transfer Equipment, Third Edition. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Carey, Van P. Liquid-Vapor Phase-Change Phenomena: An Introduction to the Thermophysics of Vaporization and Condensation Processes in Heat Transfer Equipment, Third Edition. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Carey, Van P. Liquid Vapor Phase Change Phenomena: An Introduction to the Thermophysics of Vaporization and Condensation Processes in Heat Transfer Equipment, Third Edition. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Book chapters on the topic "Phase equilibrium phenomena"

1

Capponi, Simona, Simone Napolitano, and Michael Wübbenhorst. "1D Confinement Stabilizes Non-equilibrium Liquid Phase with Enhanced Orientational Order." In Non-equilibrium Phenomena in Confined Soft Matter. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21948-6_10.

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Oshanin, G., J. De Coninck, M. Moreau, and S. F. Burlatsky. "Phase boundary dynamics in a one-dimensional non-equilibrium lattice gas." In Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems. Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2149-7_4.

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Zhang, Yu Dong, Chang Shu He, X. Zhao, Yan Dong Wang, L. Zuo, and Claude Esling. "Calculation of Magnetization and Phase Equilibrium in Fe-C Binary System under a Magnetic Field." In Solid State Phenomena. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-09-4.187.

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Mutaftschiev, Boyan. "Equilibrium Between Large Three- and Two-Dimensional Phases: Adsorption Phenomena." In The Atomistic Nature of Crystal Growth. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04591-6_6.

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Bokoch, S. M., and Valentin A. Tatarenko. "A Semi-Empirical Parameterization of Interatomic Interactions Based on the Statistical-Thermodynamic Analysis of the Data on Radiation Dif-fraction and Phase Equilibria in F.C.C.-Ni–Fe Alloys." In Solid State Phenomena. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-49-3.303.

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"Critical Phenomena: General Features of Phase Transitions." In Equilibrium and Non-Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812813138_0009.

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Georgii, Hans-Otto, Olle Häggström, and Christian Maes. "The random geometry of equilibrium phases." In Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1062-7901(01)80008-2.

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Schütz, G. M. "Exactly Solvable Models for Many-Body Systems Far from Equilibrium." In Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1062-7901(01)80015-x.

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Bokstein, Boris S., Mikhail I. Mendelev, and David J. Srolovitz. "Interfacial phenomena." In Thermodynamics and Kinetics in Materials Science. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198528036.003.0008.

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An interface is a surface across which the phase changes. Interfaces must be present in all heterogeneous systems, such as those discussed above. Interfacial properties necessarily differ from those of the bulk phases since the atomic bonding/structure of an interface represents a compromise between those of the phases on either side of the interface. For example, an atom at a free surface, which is an interface between a condensed phase and a gas (or a vacuum), generally has fewer neighbors with which to bond than it would have if it were in the bulk, condensed phase. In an equilibrium multi-component system, the chemical potential of each species must be the same in all phases, as well as at the interface. Not surprisingly, the chemical composition of the interface will, in general, differ from that of the bulk. For example, molecules in a gas (or solute in a condensed phase) can adsorb (segregate) onto the surface (interface) of a condensed phase. Interfacial processes play important roles in all areas of materials science and in many (most) areas of modern technology. As the trend toward miniaturization in microelectronics continues and interest in nanoscale structures grows, interfacial phenomena will become even more important. Clearly, the ratio of the number of atoms at surfaces and interfaces to those in the bulk grows as system size decreases (70% of the atoms in a nanometer diameter particle are on a surface!). Therefore, the thermodynamic properties of a system become increasingly dominated by interfacial properties as the dimensions of the system shrink. We can distinguish several types of interfaces: solid–liquid, liquid–gas, solid–gas, solid phase α–solid phase β, and grain boundaries. The meaning of the first four types of interface is self-explanatory. Grain boundaries represent a special class of interfaces; interfaces across which the phase does not change. What does change abruptly across this interface is the spatial orientation of the crystallographic axes. Most crystalline materials are polycrystalline, which means that they are composed of a large number of grains, each with a unique crystallographic orientation with respect to some laboratory frame of reference.
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Goldenfeld, Nigel. "Scaling in Static, Dynamic and Non-Equilibrium Phenomena." In Lectures on Phase Transitions and the Renormalization Group. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429493492-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Phase equilibrium phenomena"

1

SARIDAKIS, E. N. "NON-EQUILIBRIUM PHENOMENA IN THE QCD PHASE TRANSITION." In Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Multiparticle Production. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812704641_0023.

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Nnanna, A. G. Agwu, A. Haji-Sheikh, and Kendall T. Harris. "Experimental Estimation of the Phase Front Under Local Thermal Non-Equilibrium Condition: Phase Change Phenomena in Porous Media." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-39705.

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A systematic experimental method of estimating the extent of the phase front under local thermal non-equilibrium condition in porous media saturated with phase change material has been developed. During phase change in porous medium, the solid matrix and the pore material are under thermodynamic non-equilibrium condition until the phase change process is complete. It is often hypothesized that the solid matrix and the pore material are in local thermal equilibrium (LTE) condition hence, the arrival of the phase front is predicted based on this hypothesis. An understanding of the rate of freezi
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Chung, Moon-Sun, Sung-Jae Yi, and Keun-Shik Chang. "Two-Phase Critical Flow Simulations by Using a New Non-Equilibrium Model and a Modified Equilibrium Model." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-22056.

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An accurate prediction of a critical flow discharged from a pressurized pipe system is of most importance in such a safety analysis of nuclear power plants, since it provides the transient boundary conditions during the depressurization transients initiated by a pipe break in primary or secondary systems and during the over-pressurization transients resulting in a relief of coolant through valves. Mass and energy discharge through the opening of pressure boundary affects the system thermal hydraulic responses, that is, phase changes and flow distribution in the system, and the mass inventory r
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Shi, Shanbin, Xiaoqin Zhang, Xiaodong Sun, and Hongbin Zhang. "Development of Five-Equation Drift Flux Model for Thermal Non-Equilibrium Phenomena in LWRs." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67981.

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The classic four-equation drift-flux model treats the two-phase flow as a mixture to formulate mass, momentum, and energy balance equations. The dispersed phase is modeled in the mass balance equation to describe the mass transfer between the two phases. However, this model implies an assumption of the thermal equilibrium in the mixture energy balance equation. Therefore, a five-equation drift-flux model and its constitutive equations have been developed to relax the thermal equilibrium assumption in the classic four-equation drift-flux model when it is applied to thermal non-equilibrium pheno
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Zhou, X. L., R. G. Moore, and G. G. King. "Understanding the Physical Phenomena of Pipeline Decompression." In 2000 3rd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2000-249.

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Pipeline decompression is an important aspect of risk assessment during the design and operation of high-pressure gas transmission pipelines. As numerical simulation technology improves, more sophisticated multiphase decompression flow models are emerging. A complete understanding of physical phenomena occurring during rapid pipeline decompression is essential in developing an accurate, advanced and fundamentally sound multiphase flow model. Pipeline decompression is a complex process that involves many thermodynamic and hydrodynamic non-equilibrium phenomena that govern the characteristics of
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Han, Bumsoo, Ramachandra V. Devireddy, and John C. Bischof. "Phase Change Behavior of Biomedically Relevant Solutions." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32549.

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Understanding the phase change behavior of biomedically relevant solutions is critical to the development of cryopreservation and cryosurgery protocols. In the present study, the phase change characteristics, particularly thermodynamically non-equilibrium phenomena including supercooled ice nucleation and eutectic formation, of various compositions and concentrations of biological solutions with/without glycerol as a cryoprotective agent (CPA) were investigated using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and cryomicroscopy. The eutectic transitions (crystallization and melting) were observ
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Terenzi, Alessandro. "Expansion Waves in Two-Phase Pipelines." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10004.

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The analysis of the expansion wave propagation generated by full-bore ruptures of pressurized pipelines containing compressible fluids must be carried out during the assessment of the possible use of crack arrestors. If the internal fluid is two-phase, the sound velocity dependence from the local void fraction and flow regime has to be taken into account, by considering that it may be much lower than for single phase gases, thus promoting crack propagation. In this paper a model for the simulation of an expansion wave in a two-phase fluid pipeline is presented; this model includes several poss
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Chung, Moon-Sun, and Sung-Jae Lee. "On the Analysis of Critical Flow Discharged From a Pressurized Pipe System Using a HEM." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77285.

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An accurate prediction of a critical flow discharged from a pressurized pipe system is of most importance in such a safety analysis of nuclear power plants, since it provides the transient boundary conditions during the depressurization transients initiated by a pipe break in primary or secondary systems and during the over-pressurization transients resulting in a relief of coolant through valves. Mass and energy discharge through the opening of pressure boundary affects the system thermal hydraulic responses, that is, phase changes and flow distribution in the system, and the mass inventory r
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Bryzgalov, A. I. "RELAXATION PROCESSES BEHIND THE SHOCK WAVE IN AIR." In 9TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NONEQUILIBRIUM PROCESSES, PLASMA, COMBUSTION, AND ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENA. TORUS PRESS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30826/nepcap9a-4610.30826/nepcap9a-46.

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This work is relevant to numerical simulation of atmospheric entry phase of space missions and in high enthalpy facilities producting flow conditions close to flight conditions. Such flows are featured by low pressure and high temperature, which induces thermal and chemical nonequilibrium, while calculations with equilibrium assumption give both qualitative and quantitative errors.
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Liu, Xiong, Ajit Godbole, Cheng Lu, Bin Liu, and Philip Venton. "Multi-Phase CFD Modelling of CO2 Releases From High-Pressure Pipelines." In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64319.

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An accurate prediction of the ‘source strength’ of CO2 released from high-pressure pipelines is of great importance for risk assessment, because this parameter determines the subsequent dispersion in the atmosphere. The widely used method is to employ a one-dimensional discharge model describing the conservation of mass, momentum and energy. The fluid is usually considered to remain at thermal and mechanical equilibrium during the depressurisation process, while the non-equilibrium liquid/vapour transition phenomena are ignored. Although efforts have been made to model non-equilibrium, two-pha
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