Relevant bibliographies by topics / Phase index

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Phase index'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Phase index"

1

Li, Gongqing, Xiaofeng Duan, Yongqing Huang, Kai Liu, and Xiaomin Ren. "Flat transmitted serrated-phase high-contrast-index subwavelength grating beam splitter." Chinese Optics Letters 18, no. 11 (2020): 110504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col202018.110504.

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Jiang, Li Ying, Bao Jian Xu, Jian Hui Xi, and Guo Xiu Fu. "Application of Phase Division Based on Dissimilarity Index in Batch Process Monitoring." Advanced Materials Research 566 (September 2012): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.566.134.

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An important feature of batch process data is that many batch processes have multiple phases. Many different phased-based monitoring methods had been proposed. The key question of those methods is how to divide the phases of batch process. However, PCA-based methods of phase division that identify phases by extracting the first principal component of each time slice lead easily to high misclassification. In order to overcome the shortcoming of PCA-based methods, a novel phase-division method based on dissimilarity index is proposed. In proposed division method, integral information of each time slice is used to divide phases. The phase-based PCA is built in each phase to monitoring Penicillin fermentation process in order to verify performance of proposed method. The simulation results show that the proposed method is able to detect process faults more prompt and accurate than single MPCA model.
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Clarke, B. R. "An index of phase distortion." International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications 14, no. 3 (July 1986): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cta.4490140305.

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Rogers, John R., and Mark D. Hopler. "Conversion of group refractive index to phase refractive index." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 5, no. 10 (October 1, 1988): 1595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.5.001595.

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Campolieti, G., and Paul Brumer. "Generalized semiclassical-phase-index formulas via sequential stationary phase." Physical Review A 53, no. 5 (May 1, 1996): 2958–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.53.2958.

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Koynova, Rumiana, and Martin Caffrey. "An index of lipid phase diagrams." Chemistry and Physics of Lipids 115, no. 1-2 (May 2002): 107–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-3084(01)00200-6.

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Ilinski, Kirill N., Gleb V. Kalinin, and Vladislav V. Melezhik. "Berry phase and supersymmetric topological index." Journal of Mathematical Physics 36, no. 12 (December 1995): 6611–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.531176.

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Yu, Sixia, and Yongde Zhang. "A constructive index theorem, phase operators, and phase-difference operators." Journal of Mathematical Physics 39, no. 10 (October 1998): 5260–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.532569.

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Mawiong, Sainkupar Marwein, and Himadri Kumar Mukerjee. "Strong Conley index over a phase space." Topology and its Applications 210 (September 2016): 216–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.topol.2016.07.015.

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Wu, Rui-xin, and Da-yong Zou. "Phase diagram of lossy negative index metamaterials." Applied Physics Letters 93, no. 10 (September 8, 2008): 101106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2980401.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Phase index"

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Gagnon, Justin. "Omnidirectional Phase Matching In Zero-Index Media." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42029.

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Since its inception, the field of nonlinear optics has only increased in importance as a result of a growing number of applications. The efficiency of all parametric nonlinear optical processes is limited by challenges associated with phase-matching requirements. To address this constraint, a variety of approaches, such as quasi-phase-matching, birefringent phase matching, and higher-order-mode phase matching have historically been used to phase-match interactions. However, the methods demonstrated to date suffer from the inconvenience of only being phase-matched for one specific arrangement of beams, typically co-propagating along the same axis. This stringency of the phase-matching requirement results in cumbersome optical configurations and large footprints for integrated devices. In this thesis, we show that phase-matching requirements in parametric nonlinear optical processes may be satisfied for all orientations of input and output beams when using zero-index media: a condition of omnidirectional phase matching. To validate this theory, we perform experimental demonstrations of phase matching for five separate FWM beam configurations to confirm this phenomenon. Our measurements constitute the first experimental observation of the simultaneous generation of a forward- and backward-propagating signal with respect to the pump beams in a medium longer than a free-space optical wavelength, allowing us to determine the coherence length of our four-wave-mixing process. Our demonstration includes nonlinear signal generation from spectrally distinct counter-propagating pump and probe beams, as well as the excitation of a parametric process with the probe beam's wave vector orthogonal to the wave vector of the pump beam. By sampling all of these beam configurations, our results explicitly demonstrate that the unique properties of zero-index media relax traditional phase-matching constraints, and provide strong experimental evidence for the existence of omnidirectional phase matching in zero-index media. This property can be exploited to facilitate nonlinear interactions and miniaturize nonlinear devices, and adds to the established exceptional properties of low-index materials.
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Nazare, Julie-Anne. "Modulation de la phase postprandiale du glucose." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00878436.

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La réduction des excursions glycémiques postprandiales a été proposée comme un moyen pour limiter le risque de développement du diabète de type 2. L'intérêt s'est donc porté sur les outils nutritionnels susceptibles de moduler la biodisponibilité des glucides et ainsi leur impact sur la glycémie postprandiale. Les travaux réalisés au cours de cette thèse avaient pour but d'étudier les effets de différents ingrédients modifiant la biodisponibilité du glucose, non seulement sur la glycémie postprandiale à court terme (2 heures) mais aussi sur les cinétiques du débit d'apparition et de disparition de glucose (total, exogène et endogène - isotopes stables) et les autres paramètres métaboliques de la phase postprandiale au cours de la journée. Dans la première étude (β-glucanes), nous avons montré que l'addition de fibres β-glucanes à un repas glucidique chez des sujets sains en surpoids ralentit l'absorption du glucose dans le plasma. Ceci a prolongé la réponse insulinique et par conséquent l'inhibition de la lipolyse et de la production endogène de glucose. Dans la deuxième étude (Eurostarch), nous avons montré que la diminution de la biodisponibilité du glucose au petit-déjeuner (amidon lentement digestible, index glycémique bas) diminue l'apparition du glucose exogène dans le plasma et pourrait avoir un effet second-repas chez des sujets sains en surpoids. Mais nous n'avons pas mis en évidence d'amélioration de ces effets métaboliques à plus long terme (5 semaines). Dans la troisième étude présentée (Nutriose), nous avons montré que l'addition de dextrine résistante NUTRIOSE®10 (fermentescible) au petit-déjeuner chez des sujets sains, diminue les réponses glycémiques, insuliniques postprandiales et le profil de ghréline au cours de la journée (en comparaison à une maltodextrine). En parallèle, la prolongation observée de la fermentation et l'oxydation du NUTRIOSE®10 pourraient fournir de l'énergie en phase postprandiale tardive. En conclusion, l'analyse des paramètres métaboliques au-delà de 2 heures après le repas, a permis de mettre en évidence les effets métaboliques à plus long terme de la modulation de l'apparition du glucose dans le plasma (ralentissement, prolongation, réduction) sur les cinétiques du glucose, la réponse insulinique, la lipolyse et l'oxydation des substrats
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Luciani, Riccardo. "Study of Europe-ENSO teleconnection in an El Niño index phase analysis framework." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18807/.

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El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most important coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomenon to cause global climate variability on seasonal to interannual time scales. Therefore understanding some of its most important features may help to shed light on the field of climate predictions. Here the focus is put on the seasonal precipitation patterns which respond to persistent thermal forcing happening thousands of kilometers far away. The first objective of this work is to look for and describe the correlation patterns between seasonal rainfall anomalies over Northern Italy and global seasonal Sea Surface Temperature anomalies (SSTA). Tri-monthly means of precipitation and tri-monthly means of SSTA from observational datasets are used in an anomaly correlation study in order to explore this teleconnection. The study is developed in the Nino Index Phase Analysis (NIPA) framework, as presented by Zimmerman et al., which consists in separating the positive and negative ENSO phase years in the computation of the anomaly correlation. The second objective of the work is to check if the correlations found are consistent with the shift of the circulation pattern which is due to a non-weak ENSO state. The anomaly means of the main ocean-atmospheric variables are examined in order to characterise the way in which the circulation works when the system is under El Niño or La Niña conditions and when the precipitation over the basins is higher or lower. Then, a Rossby waves simulation software is used to show that the propagation of a Rossby wave train, in a basic state with zonally varying middle latitude or low latitude jet, may be the cause of the correlations in the area under exam and for the seasons chosen, and how. This is an indication of the fact that the ENSO state and its spatial features can influence the tropospheric pathways through which planetary waves can propagate and this, in turn, could have an effect on midlatitudes large-scale circulation.
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Hammond, Troy Douglas. "Atom interferometry--dispersive index of refraction and rotation induced phase shifts for matter-waves." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46044.

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Okman, Osman Erman. "Quantization Index Modulation Based Watermarking Using Digital Holography." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607506/index.pdf.

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The multimedia watermarking techniques are evolved very quickly in the last years with the increase in the use of internet. The evolution of the internet makes the copyright issues very important and many different approaches are appeared to protect the digital content. On the other hand, holography is the method to store the 3-D information of an object but it is very applicable to use as a watermark because of the nature of the holographic data. The 3-D object can be reconstructed from the hologram even if the hologram is cropped or occluded. However, watermarking of an image with a hologram is a very novel approach and there are only a few works in the literature which are not very robust against the attacks like filtering or compression. In this thesis, we propose to embed the phase of the hologram to an image using quantization index modulation (QIM). QIM is utilized to make the watermarking scheme blind and degrade the host image as low as possible. The robustness of the proposed technique is also tested against several attacks such as filtering, compression, etc. The evaluated performance of this system is compared with the existing methods in the literature which uses either holograms or logos as the secret mark. Furthermore, the characteristics of the holograms are investigated and the findings about the hologram compression are reported in this work.
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Whitfield, Erica Marie. "Propagation of Gaussian Beams Through a Modified von Karman Phase Screen." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1355513250.

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Salcedo, Luis E. "The Proto-Lauricocha Phase Of The Central Andes And The Origin Of Andean Foliated Point Tradition." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113582.

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This paper discusses early evidence for the Andean Foliated Point Tradition (TAPF in Spanish), with special emphasis on theCentral Andes region and the Lauricocha complex, which are included into the so-called ‘Proto-Lauricocha’ phase (Salcedo 2006).This phase is characterized by the indiscriminate consumption of animal species prior to food production, and the presence of foliated projectile points featuring centripetal retouch and minute ailerons located at one-third of the maximum longitude of thepiece, defi ning in that way a pseudo-peduncle. The cultural phase has been dated by the radiocarbon method in the 10,500-7400 years cal BC interval, employing the dendrochronological calibration with the support of the OxCal v3.10r program (Bronk-Ramsey 2005) and the current calibration curves (Reimer et al. 2004; Reimer et al. 2009). Comparative evidence found in North America and Japan is used to discuss the probable origin of TAPF.
El presente artículo discute las evidencias más tempranas correspondientes a la Tradición Andina de Puntas Foliáceas (TAPF), con especial énfasis en los hallazgos realizados en los Andes Centrales, adscritos al complejo Lauricocha, los que son incluidos dentro de la denominada fase Proto-Lauricocha (Salcedo 2006), la que se caracteriza por un consumo indiscriminado de especies animales, previo a la producción de alimentos y la presencia de puntas de proyectil foliáceas de retoque centrípeto, con diminutos alerones ubicadosa un tercio del largo máximo de la pieza, con lo que se definió un pseudopedúnculo. Esta fase cultural ha sido fechada por el método de radiocarbono en el intervalo 10.500-7400 cal AC por medio del empleo de la calibración dendrocronológica con ayuda delprograma OxCal v3.10r (Bronk-Ramsey 2005) y las curvas de calibración vigentes (Reimer et al. 2004; Reimer et al. 2009). Asimismo, se rastrea el probable origen de la TAPF en virtud a las evidencias similares halladas en Norteamérica y Japón.
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Thompson, Jonathan R. "Dynamics of Singlet Excitons in Alq3 and Magnetic Mode Switching in Index Matched Organic Waveguides." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1535459125887475.

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Algadey, Tarig. "Investigation of Negative Refractive Index in Isotropic Chiral Metamaterials Under First and Second-Order Material Dispersion With and Without Conductive Loss." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1460819619.

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Geday, Morten A. "Birefringence imaging." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365446.

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Books on the topic "Phase index"

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Franklin, Charles M. Index to Indiana wills: Phase 1 through 1850. [Indianapolis, IN] (P.O. Box 39128, Indianapolis 46239): [Heritage House, 1986.

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Cedeno, Christina L. Phase equilibria diagrams: 2003 cumulative index for volumes I-XIII, Annuals '91-'93, High Tc monographs I-II, Christina L. Cedeno, Mary A. Harne. Columbus, Ohio: American Ceramic Society, 2003.

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Moudon, Anne Vernez. Transportation-efficient land use mapping index (TELUMI): Phase 3 of integrating land use and transportation investment decision-making. [Olympia, Wash.]: Washington State Dept. of Transportation, 2005.

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Spawn-Stroup, Rebecca. Phase I watershed assessment final report and TMDL: Center Lake trophic state index TMDL, Custer County, South Dakota. [Pierre, S.D.]: South Dakota Water Resource Assistance Program, Division of Financial and Technical Assistance, South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources, 2007.

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Kuronen, Pirjo. Development of a retention index monitoring method for reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of non-phosphorus chemical warfare agents. Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, 1990.

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Arthur, Windsor, ed. George Fox Epistles: An analytical phrase index. Gloucester: George Fox Fund, 1992.

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1958-, Ley Laura Lorenzini, ed. Medical phrase index: A comprehensive reference to the terminology of medicine. 3rd ed. Los Angeles, Calif: Practice Management Information Corp., 1994.

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Lorenzini, Jean A. Medical phrase index: A one-step reference to the terminology of medicine. 2nd ed. Los Angeles, CA: Practice Management Information Corporation, 1989.

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Lorenzini, Jean A. Medical phrase index: A one-step reference to the terminology of medicine. 2nd ed. Oradell, N.J: Medical Economics Books, 1989.

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Koul, Omkar N. An intensive course in Kashmiri: Dialogues, drills, exercises, vocabulary, notes on grammar, and word index. Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Phase index"

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"Index." In Phase Transformations, 221–24. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119178576.index.

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"Index." In Phase Transformations, 801–13. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-008042145-2/50025-0.

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"Index." In Phase Transitions, 213–23. Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400838929-019.

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"INDEX." In Phase Transitions, 213–23. Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvcm4j0p.21.

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"Index." In Phase Optimization Problems, 307–9. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527629824.index.

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"Index." In Phase Modeling Tools, 265–67. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119178453.index.

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"Index." In High Temperature Phase Equilibria and Phase Diagrams, 237–38. Elsevier, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-035892-5.50012-7.

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"Index." In Phase Equilibrium Engineering, 323–31. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-56364-4.09992-1.

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"Index." In Solid-Phase Extraction, 699–723. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-816906-3.20001-0.

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"Index." In Liquid-Phase Extraction, 783–98. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-816911-7.09993-x.

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Conference papers on the topic "Phase index"

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"Author's index." In Sixth International Conference Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/movpe.1992.665055.

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Toy, Muhammed Fatih, Burcu Kurt Vatandaslar, and Bilal Ersen Kerman. "Refractive index tomography of myelinating glial cells." In Quantitative Phase Imaging V, edited by Gabriel Popescu and YongKeun Park. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2512706.

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Polanco, Edward R., Justin J. Griffin, Nicholas Western, and Thomas A. Zangle. "Low refractive index microfluidic device fabrication for quantitative phase imaging." In Quantitative Phase Imaging V, edited by Gabriel Popescu and YongKeun Park. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2513241.

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Park, GwangSik, SeungWoo Shin, Kyoohyun Kim, and YongKeun Park. "Three-dimensional refractive index and fluorescence tomography using structured illumination (Conference Presentation)." In Quantitative Phase Imaging III, edited by Gabriel Popescu and YongKeun Park. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2255702.

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Li, Jiaji, Alex C. Matlock, Yunzhe Li, Qian Chen, Lei Tian, and Chao Zuo. "Computational microscopy for quantitative phase imaging and refractive index tomography using annular illumination." In Quantitative Phase Imaging VI, edited by Gabriel Popescu, YongKeun Park, and Yang Liu. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2543597.

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Kim, Kyoohyun, and YongKeun Park. "Holographic trapping of non-spherical particles with 3D refractive index measurements (Conference Presentation)." In Quantitative Phase Imaging III, edited by Gabriel Popescu and YongKeun Park. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2251571.

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Chowdhury, Shwetadwip, and Joseph A. Izatt. "Structured illumination for 3D subdiffraction reconstruction of refractive-index and fluorescence (Conference Presentation)." In Quantitative Phase Imaging III, edited by Gabriel Popescu and YongKeun Park. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2253408.

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Zadorozhnii, Victor I., Nikolai E. Kornienko, Lyudmila I. Konopaltseva, and Arina M. Sytchova. "Wideband tunable and multiple noncritical phase matching in nonlinear optics." In Gradient-Index Optics in Science and Engineering, edited by Maksymilian Pluta and Mariusz Szyjer. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.255533.

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Zhang, Jiwei, Siqing Dai, Teli Xi, Jianlin Zhao, and Jianglei Di. "Surface plasmon holographic microscopy for near-field refractive index detection and thin film mapping." In Quantitative Phase Imaging IV, edited by Gabriel Popescu and YongKeun Park. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2288712.

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Shaked, Natan T. "Label-free 3D refractive-index acquisition by micro-manipulations of cells in suspension (Conference Presentation)." In Quantitative Phase Imaging II, edited by Gabriel Popescu and YongKeun Park. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2209306.

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Reports on the topic "Phase index"

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Rawal, Sandhya. Weighted Phase Lag Index (WPLI) as a Method for Identifying Task-Related Functional Networks in Electroencephalography (EEG) Recordings during a Shooting Task. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada558399.

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Ebeling, Robert, and Barry White. Load and resistance factors for earth retaining, reinforced concrete hydraulic structures based on a reliability index (β) derived from the Probability of Unsatisfactory Performance (PUP) : phase 2 study. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39881.

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This technical report documents the second of a two-phase research and development (R&D) study in support of the development of a combined Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) methodology that accommodates geotechnical as well as structural design limit states for design of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) reinforced concrete, hydraulic navigation structures. To this end, this R&D effort extends reliability procedures that have been developed for other non-USACE structural systems to encompass USACE hydraulic structures. Many of these reinforced concrete, hydraulic structures are founded on and/or retain earth or are buttressed by an earthen feature. Consequently, the design of many of these hydraulic structures involves significant soil structure interaction. Development of the required reliability and corresponding LRFD procedures has been lagging in the geotechnical topic area as compared to those for structural limit state considerations and have therefore been the focus of this second-phase R&D effort. Design of an example T-Wall hydraulic structure involves consideration of five geotechnical and structural limit states. New numerical procedures have been developed for precise multiple limit state reliability calculations and for complete LRFD analysis of this example T-Wall reinforced concrete, hydraulic structure.
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Ebeling, Robert, and Barry White. Load factors for earth retaining, reinforced concrete hydraulic structures based on a reliability index (β ) derived from the Probability of Unsatisfactory Performance (PUP) : phase 1 study. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/33227.

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Singhvi, Punit, Javier García Mainieri, Hasan Ozer, and Brajendra Sharma. Rheology-Chemical Based Procedure to Evaluate Additives/Modifiers Used in Asphalt Binders for Performance Enhancements: Phase 2. Illinois Center for Transportation, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-020.

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The increased use of softer binders in Illinois over the past decade is primarily attributed to the increased use of recycled materials in asphalt pavement construction. The shift in demand of using PG 58-28 over PG 64-22 has resulted in potential alternative methods to produce softer binders more economically using proprietary products. However, there are challenges in using these proprietary products for asphalt modification because of uncertainty in their long-term performance and significant variability in binder chemistry. The current SuperPave performance grading specification for asphalt binders is insufficient in differentiating binders produced from these modifiers. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of various softener-type asphalt binder modifiers using a wide array of rheological and chemistry tests for their integration into the Illinois Department of Transportation’s material specifications. The small-strain rheological tests and their parameters allowed for consistent grouping of modified binders and can be used as surrogates to identify performing and nonperforming asphalt binders. A new parameter, Δ|G*|peak τ, was developed from the linear amplitude sweep test and showed potential to discriminate binders based on their large-strain behavior. Chemistry-based parameters were shown to track aging and formulation changes. The modifier sources were identified using fingerprint testing and were manifested in the modified binder chemical and compositional characteristics. The two sources of base binders blended with the modifiers governed the aging rate of the modified binders. Mixture performance testing using the Illinois Flexibility Index Test and the Hamburg Wheel-Track Test were consistent with the rheological and chemical findings, except for the glycol amine-based modified binder, which showed the worst cracking performance with the lowest flexibility index among the studied modifiers. This was contrary to its superior rheological performance, which may be attributed to lower thermal stability, resulting in high mass loss during mixing. According to the characterization of field-aged binders, laboratory aging of two pressurized aging vessel cycles or more may represent realistic field aging of 10 to 15 years at the pavement surface and is able to distinguish modified binders. Therefore, an extended aging method of two pressurized aging vessel cycles was recommended for modified binders. Two different testing suites were recommended for product approval protocol with preliminary thresholds for acceptable performance validated with field-aged data.
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5

Nin Pratt, Alejandro, and Héctor Valdés Conroy. After the Boom: Agriculture in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002955.

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The convergence of a favorable macroeconomic environment and high prices of primary commodities between 2000 and 2011 contributed to the best performance of agriculture in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) since the 1980s, with steady growth of total factor productivity (TFP) and output per worker and a reduction in the use of input per worker. The end of the upward phase of the commodity cycle in 2011 together with less favorable external markets and a deterioration of the policy environment in several countries, motivates us to revisit the situation of agriculture in LAC in recent years to analyze how these changes have affected its performance. This study applies a framework that uses index numbers together with data envelopment analysis (DEA) to estimate levels of productivity and efficiency, incorporating technical change together with technical (TE) and environmental efficiency (EE) into the decomposition of TFP. The EE index adjusts the TFP measure for pollution, treating GHG emissions as a by-product of the desired crop or livestock outputs. TFP and efficiency of crop and livestock sub-sectors was calculated for 24 LAC countries from 2000 to 2016. Our results show that the period of fast agricultural growth in LAC, driven by technical change and resource reallocation, transformed agriculture in the region leaving it in a better position to cope with the more unfavorable regional macroeconomic environment and the less dynamic global markets observed after 2011.
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6

Günther, Finn. Anreize und Hemmnisse von Unternehmen bei der Gestaltung von Nachhaltigkeit. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627123.

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Dieser Beitrag analysiert die Anreize und Hemmnisse von Unternehmen bei der Gestaltung von Nachhaltigkeit, indem er die einzelnen Phasen einer Innovation analysiert. Er macht die dominierenden Faktoren für das unternehmerische Innovationsverhalten für Nachhaltigkeit ausfindig und kommt zu zwei Hypothesen hinsichtlich der wichtigsten Anreize und Hemmnisse für Unternehmen.
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7

Ruosteenoja, Kimmo. Applicability of CMIP6 models for building climate projections for northern Europe. Finnish Meteorological Institute, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361416.

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In this report, we have evaluated the performance of nearly 40 global climate models (GCMs) participating in Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The focus is on the northern European area, but the ability to simulate southern European and global climate is discussed as well. Model evaluation was started with a technical control; completely unrealistic values in the GCM output files were identified by seeking the absolute minimum and maximum values. In this stage, one GCM was rejected totally, and furthermore individual output files from two other GCMs. In evaluating the remaining GCMs, the primary tool was the Model Climate Performance Index (MCPI) that combines RMS errors calculated for the different climate variables into one index. The index takes into account both the seasonal and spatial variations in climatological means. Here, MCPI was calculated for the period 1981—2010 by comparing GCM output with the ERA-Interim reanalyses. Climate variables explored in the evaluation were the surface air temperature, precipitation, sea level air pressure and incoming solar radiation at the surface. Besides MCPI, we studied RMS errors in the seasonal course of the spatial means by examining each climate variable separately. Furthermore, the evaluation procedure considered model performance in simulating past trends in the global-mean temperature, the compatibility of future responses to different greenhouse-gas scenarios and the number of available scenario runs. Daily minimum and maximum temperatures were likewise explored in a qualitative sense, but owing to the non-existence of data from multiple GCMs, these variables were not incorporated in the quantitative validation. Four of the 37 GCMs that had passed the initial technical check were regarded as wholly unusable for scenario calculations: in two GCMs the responses to the different greenhouse gas scenarios were contradictory and in two other GCMs data were missing from one of the four key climate variables. Moreover, to reduce inter-GCM dependencies, no more than two variants of any individual GCM were included; this led to an abandonment of one GCM. The remaining 32 GCMs were divided into three quality classes according to the assessed performance. The users of model data can utilize this grading to select a subset of GCMs to be used in elaborating climate projections for Finland or adjacent areas. Annual-mean temperature and precipitation projections for Finland proved to be nearly identical regardless of whether they were derived from the entire ensemble or by ignoring models that had obtained the lowest scores. Solar radiation projections were somewhat more sensitive.
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