Academic literature on the topic 'Phase Transitions and Multiphase Systems'
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Journal articles on the topic "Phase Transitions and Multiphase Systems"
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Lebedev V. G. "Phase transformations in single-component multiphase systems: phase-field approach." Technical Physics 92, no. 2 (2022): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/tp.2022.02.52941.215-21.
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The problems of constructing a multiphase model of the phase field for the processes of phase transitions of the first kind are considered. Based on the Gibbs energy of the complete system expressed in terms of antisymmetrized combinations of phase fields, it is shown that the equations of dissipative dynamics of a locally nonequilibrium system follow from the condition of its monotonic decrease, preserving the normalization of the sum of variables by one and the following properties of the previously known two-phase model. Keywords: multiphase systems, phase transformations, locally nonequilibrium processes, dissipative systems with constraints.
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Ge, Guanglong, Chukai Chen, Cheng Shi, Jing Yang, Jinfeng Lin, Jin Qian, Yongqi Wei, Bo Shen, and Jiwei Zhai. "Alkali-earth metal ion inducing multiphase transition of lanthanum-free Pb(Zr0.5Sn0.5)O3 ceramics improves the energy storage properties." Applied Physics Letters 122, no. 12 (March 20, 2023): 123903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0140020.
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Constructing the stepwise phase transition can delay the polarization process of antiferroelectric ceramics, possessing certain significance for improving the energy storage density. However, the common multiphase transitions are obtained in the rare-earth ions doped PbZrO3-based systems. In the present work, the multiphase transition can also be induced in the lanthanum-free Pb(Zr0.5Sn0.5)O3 matrix with mere doping of the alkali-earth metal ion Sr. The introduction of Sr endows the matrix with a higher lattice distortion and the reduced phase-transition temperature. Moreover, related to the induced stepwise electric field-induced phase transition, the energy storage properties are remarkably enhanced to 10.5 J/cm3 and 83.2% when the substitution content of Sr is 3 mol. %. Sr modification can adjust the phase structure by regulating the phase stability of the matrix and suppress the leakage current originating from the structural changes. This work provides a successful attempt that the phase structure and energy storage performance of antiferroelectric ceramics can also be effectively controlled through cheaper and simpler element modification. The optimized energy storage performance provides a new material selection for pulsed power devices.
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Sun, Yujian, Sean G. Mueller, Boung W. Lee, and Milorad P. Dudukovic. "Optical Fiber Reflectance Probe for Detection of Phase Transitions in Multiphase Systems." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 53, no. 2 (December 24, 2013): 999–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie403253c.
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Mamedov, Gasim A., and Natiq M. Abbasov. "Mathematical models of hydromechanics of multiphase flow with varying mass." Nafta-Gaz 79, no. 11 (November 2023): 709–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18668/ng.2023.11.02.
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The paper discusses the mathematical model of hydromechanics of multiphase flows with varying mass. A multiphase flow is considered a continuum consisting of a set of a large number of different groups of particles. The derivation of motion equations and similarity criteria are given taking into account both the externally attached (or detached) mass and phase transitions within the medium. The equations of mass, momentum and energy transfer for individual phases and the medium as a whole are derived based on fundamental conservation laws. It was demonstrated that in the absence of sources (or flow-offs) of mass, momentum and energy, the known equations of single- and multi-phase flow hydromechanics follow as a special case from the obtained systems of motion equations and similarity criteria. The obtained motion equations are valid for the description of an ingredient of mixture and the medium as a whole, regardless of their physical and mechanical properties. Thermodynamic and rheological state equations, as well as expressions for heat flow, interfacial mass forces phase transitions, and heat exchange between phases can be used to close them. The implemented models make it possible to simulate both the stationary distribution of parameters along the wellbore during production and non-stationary processes that occur, for example, when the pump shaft speed changes during oil production. The developed approaches were implemented in the DataFlow software tool for analysis of the hydrodynamics of multiphase hydrocarbon flows, taking into account heat exchange with the rocks surrounding the well, and phase transitions in the fluid. Using the software package, test calculations were carried out to demonstrate the performance of the proposed and implemented models.
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Popović, Stanko. "Quantitative Phase Analysis by X-ray Diffraction—Doping Methods and Applications." Crystals 10, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10010027.
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X-ray powder diffraction is an ideal technique for the quantitative analysis of a multiphase sample. The intensities of diffraction lines of a phase in a multiphase sample are proportional to the phase fraction and the quantitative analysis can be obtained if the correction for the absorption of X-rays in the sample is performed. Simple procedures of quantitative X-ray diffraction phase analysis of a multiphase sample are presented. The matrix-flushing method, with the application of reference intensities, yields the relationship between the intensity and phase fraction free from the absorption effect, thus, shunting calibration curves or internal standard procedures. Special attention is paid to the doping methods: (i) simultaneous determination of the fractions of several phases using a single doping and (ii) determination of the fraction of the dominant phase. The conditions to minimize systematic errors are discussed. The problem of overlapping of diffraction lines can be overcome by combining the doping method (i) and the individual profile fitting method, thus performing the quantitative phase analysis without the reference to structural models of particular phases. Recent suggestions in quantitative phase analysis are quoted, e.g., in study of the decomposition of supersaturated solid solutions—intermetallic alloys. Round Robin on Quantitative Phase Analysis, organized by the IUCr Commission on Powder Diffraction, is discussed shortly. The doping methods have been applied in various studies, e.g., phase transitions in titanium dioxide, biomineralization processes, and phases in intermetallic oxide systems and intermetallic alloys.
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Sameer, Jane C. Charlton, Jackson M. Norris, Matthew Gebhardt, Christopher W. Churchill, Glenn G. Kacprzak, Sowgat Muzahid, et al. "Cloud-by-cloud, multiphase, Bayesian modelling: application to four weak, low-ionization absorbers." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 501, no. 2 (December 3, 2020): 2112–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3754.
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ABSTRACT We present a new method aimed at improving the efficiency of component by component ionization modelling of intervening quasar absorption-line systems. We carry out cloud-by-cloud, multiphase modelling making use of cloudy and Bayesian methods to extract physical properties from an ensemble of absorption profiles. Here, as a demonstration of method, we focus on four weak, low-ionization absorbers at low redshift, because they are multiphase but relatively simple to constrain. We place errors on the inferred metallicities and ionization parameters for individual clouds, and show that the values differ from component to component across the absorption profile. Our method requires user input on the number of phases and relies on an optimized transition for each phase, one observed with high resolution and signal-to-noise ratio. The measured Doppler parameter of the optimized transition provides a constraint on the Doppler parameter of H i, thus providing leverage in metallicity measurements even when hydrogen lines are saturated. We present several tests of our methodology, demonstrating that we can recover the input parameters from simulated profiles. We also consider how our model results are affected by which radiative transitions are covered by observations (for example, how many H i transitions) and by uncertainties in the b parameters of optimized transitions. We discuss the successes and limitations of the method, and consider its potential for large statistical studies. This improved methodology will help to establish direct connections between the diverse properties derived from characterizing the absorbers and the multiple physical processes at play in the circumgalactic medium.
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Marlton, Frederick, Stefano Checchia, and John Daniels. "Revealing phase boundaries by weighted parametric structural refinement." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 26, no. 5 (August 1, 2019): 1638–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577519007902.
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Parametric Rietveld refinement from powder diffraction data has been utilized in a variety of situations to understand structural phase transitions of materials in situ. However, when analysing data from lower-resolution two-dimensional detectors or from samples with overlapping Bragg peaks, such transitions become difficult to observe. In this study, a weighted parametric method is demonstrated whereby the scale factor is restrained via an inverse tan function, making the phase boundary composition a refinable parameter. This is demonstrated using compositionally graded samples within the lead-free piezoelectric (BiFeO3) x (Bi0.5K0.5TiO3) y (Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3)1–x–y and (Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3) x (BaTiO3)1–x systems. This has proven to be an effective method for diffraction experiments with relatively low resolution, weak peak splitting or compositionally complex multiphase samples.
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Schmitz, G. J., and B. Nestler. "Simulation of phase transitions in multiphase systems: peritectic solidification of (RE)Ba2Cu3O7-x superconductors." Materials Science and Engineering: B 53, no. 1-2 (May 1998): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5107(97)00296-1.
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Roy, Priyatanu, Shihao Liu, and Cari S. Dutcher. "Droplet Interfacial Tensions and Phase Transitions Measured in Microfluidic Channels." Annual Review of Physical Chemistry 72, no. 1 (April 20, 2021): 73–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physchem-090419-105522.
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Measurements of droplet phase and interfacial tension (IFT) are important in the fields of atmospheric aerosols and emulsion science. Bulk macroscale property measurements with similar constituents cannot capture the effect of microscopic length scales and highly curved surfaces on the transport characteristics and heterogeneous chemistry typical in these applications. Instead, microscale droplet measurements ensure properties are measured at the relevant length scale. With recent advances in microfluidics, customized multiphase fluid flows can be created in channels for the manipulation and observation of microscale droplets in an enclosed setting without the need for large and expensive control systems. In this review, we discuss the applications of different physical principles at the microscale and corresponding microfluidic approaches for the measurement of droplet phase state, viscosity, and IFT.
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Qu, Danqi, and Hui-Chia Yu. "Multiphysics Electrochemical Impedance Simulations of Complex Multiphase Electrodes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 54 (December 22, 2023): 2548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02542548mtgabs.
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Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a widely used technique for characterizing materials in electrochemical systems. However, directly connecting the obtained quantities to microstructure-level phenomena is challenging. In this work, we performed detailed electrochemical microstructure simulations to investigate the EIS behavior of phase-separating graphite electrodes. We employed the Cahn-Hilliard phase-field equation to model Li transport and phase transitions in the graphite particles. In single-phase graphite particles, the charge-transfer resistance reflected the total active surface areas. In two-phase coexistence graphite particles with phase boundaries present on the particle surfaces, the simulations exhibited an inductive loop on the EIS curve. In core-shell phase-morphology cases, the EIS measurements reflected only the properties of the shells. The resulting EIS curves were indistinguishable from those in the single-phase cases. While Fick's law of diffusion has been mistakenly employed to model Li transport in phase-separating graphite electrodes, our simulations showed that the EIS curves obtained using the Fickian diffusion model were very similar to those obtained using the Cahn-Hilliard phase-field model. This tool provides unprecedentedly detailed simulations to connect the intrinsic material properties, electrochemical processes in the microstructures, and resulting EIS behavior. Figure 1
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Phase Transitions and Multiphase Systems"
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Fu, Xiaojing Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Multiphase flow in porous media with phase transitions : from CO₂ sequestration to gas hydrate systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111445.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 159-175).
Ongoing efforts to mitigate climate change include the understanding of natural and engineered processes that can impact the global carbon budget and the fate of greenhouse gases (GHG). Among engineered systems, one promising tool to reduce atmospheric emissions of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO₂) is geologic sequestration of CO₂ , which entails the injection of CO₂ into deep geologic formations, like saline aquifers, for long-term storage. Among natural contributors, methane hydrates, an ice-like substance commonly found in seafloor sediments and permafrost, hold large amounts of the world's mobile carbon and are subject to an increased risk of dissociation due to rising temperatures. The dissociation of methane hydrates releases methane gas-a more potent GHG than CO₂-and potentially contributes to a positive feedback in terms of climatic change. In this Thesis, we explore fundamental mechanisms controlling the physics of geologic CO₂ sequestration and natural gas hydrate systems, with an emphasis on the interplay between multiphase flow-the simultaneous motion of several fluid phases and phase transitions-the creation or destruction of fluid or solid phases due to thermodynamically driven reactions. We first study the fate of CO₂ in saline aquifers in the presence of CO₂ -brine-carbonate geochemical reactions. We use high-resolution simulations to examine the interplay between the density-driven convective mixing and the rock dissolution reactions. We find that dissolution of carbonate rock initiates in regions of locally high mixing, but that the geochemical reaction shuts down significantly earlier than shutdown of convective mixing. This early shutdown reflects the important role that chemical speciation plays in this hydrodynamics-reaction coupled process. We then study hydrodynamic and thermodynamic processes pertaining to a gas hydrate system under changing temperature and pressure conditions. The framework for our analysis is that of phase-field modeling of binary mixtures far from equilibrium, and show that: (1) the interplay between phase separation and hydrodynamic instability can arrest the Ostwald ripening process characteristic of nonflowing mixtures; (2) partial miscibility exerts a powerful control on the degree of viscous fingering in a gas-liquid system, whereby fluid dissolution hinders fingering while fluid exsolution enhances fingering. We employ this theoretical phase-field modeling approach to explain observations of bubble expansion coupled with gas dissolution and hydrate formation in controlled laboratory experiments. Unraveling this coupling informs our understanding of the fate of hydrate-crusted methane bubbles in the ocean water column and the migration of gas pockets in hydrate-bearing sediments.
by Xiaojing Fu.
Ph. D.
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Furfaro, Damien. "Simulation numérique d'écoulements multiphasiques, problèmes à interfaces et changement de phase." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4751/document.
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Ce travail porte sur la simulation numérique des écoulements multiphasiques compressibles en déséquilibre de vitesses. Un solveur de Riemann diphasique de type HLLC, à la fois robuste, simple et précis est développé et validé à partir de solutions exactes et de données expérimentales. Cette méthode numérique est étendue au cas 3D non-structuré. Par ailleurs, la construction d’une technique numérique pour la répartition de l’énergie d’une onde de choc dans les différentes phases constituant le milieu est établie et permet le respect des conditions de choc multiphasiques. L’extension multiphasique du solveur de Riemann de type HLLC est réalisée, permettant ainsi la simulation d’une plus large gamme d’applications. Enfin, un modèle de transfert de chaleur et de masse dans un brouillard de gouttes ou nuage de bulles, en présence d’effets couplés de diffusion thermique et massiques, est proposé et dévoile des résultats intéressantsThis work deals with the numerical simulation of compressible multiphase flows in velocity disequilibrium. A HLLC-type two-phase Riemann solver is developed and validated against exact solutions and experimental data. This solver is robust, simple, accurate and entropy preserving. The numerical method is then implemented in 3D unstructured meshes. Furthermore, a numerical technique consisting in enforcing the correct energy partition at a discrete level in agreement with the multiphase shock relations is built. The multiphase extension of the HLLC-type Riemann solver is realized and allows the simulation of a wide range of applications. Finally, a droplet heat and mass transfer model with large range of validity is derived. It is valid in any situation: evaporation, flashing and condensation. It accounts for coupled heat and mass diffusion in the gas phase, thermodynamics of the multi-component gas mixture and heat diffusion inside the liquid droplet, enabling in this way consideration of both droplets heating and cooling phenomena
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Alkebro, Jesper. "Multiphase oxide ceramics in the aluminia-yttria system." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPL109N.
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Dans l'objectif de créer des structures d'oxydes multiphasées, le broyage à haute énergie a servi comme pré-traitement aux mélanges de poudres alumine-yttrine avant pressage et frittage. Le travail initial de modélisation du broyage planétaire a été suivi par une étude de l'évolution de phases et le frittage au cours des traitements thermiques des poudres broyées. Le broyage menait à la destruction du réseau cristallin et, dans certains cas, la formation d'une phase perovskite Y AIO3. Au traitement thermique suivant, les températures de transformation ont diminué en fonction du temps de broyage et le futtage a été amélioré, produisant des densités relatives aussi élevées que 96 pour cent après frittage sous argon 1 h à 1500 degrés C. La dispersion d'une deuxième phase dans une matrice de la phase dominant a été observée après le frittage. La taille de grains a pu être estimé à 5 micron à partir des surfaces de ruptureAs a means of creating dispersed multiphase oxide structures, high-energy milling bas been used for pre-treating alumina-yttria powder mixtures before pressing and sintering. Initial modeling of planetary ball-milling was followed by a study of phase development and sintering of the milled Dowders. Milling injected defects into the crystal structures which were gradually destroyed and in some cases yttrium alumnium perovsklte was formed, an intermediate phase of the alumma-yttria system. Ln heat treatment, transformation temperatures fell as a function of milling time and sintering properties were also improved giving relative densities as high as 96 per cent after sintering 1 h in 1500 degrees C. A dispersion of a second phase in the dominant matrix phase was observed but further improvement of the process should be needed to make it finer. The grain size could be estimated to be around 5 microns from fracture surface images
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Perrier, Vincent. "Modélisation et simulation d'écoulements multiphasiques compressibles avec ou sans changement de phase : application à l'interaction laser-plasma." Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13560.
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Ce travail porte sur la modélisation et la simulation d’écoulements compressibles. Par une démarche d’homogénéisation, on commence par dériver un modèle d’écoulements diphasiques à sept équations. Les termes de fluctuation restants sont modélisés par des termes de relaxation. Dans le cas où ces coefficients de relaxation tendent vers l’infini, ce qui correspond à des écoulements très bien mélangés, on obtient par un développement asymptotique un modèle à cinq équations qui est strictement hyperbolique, mais non-conservatif. La discrétisation de ce modèle est obtenue par un développement asymptotique d’un schéma numérique pour le système à sept équations. Le schéma obtenu est implémenté, validé sur des cas analytiques, et comparé dans le cas de chocs multiphasiques à des résultats expérimentaux. On s’intéresse ensuite à la modélisation du changement de phase avec deux équations d’état. Un principe d’optimisation de l’entropie de mélange mène à distinguer trois zones : une zone où le liquide pur est le plus stable, une autre zone où le gaz pur est le plus stable, et, enfin, une zone où un mélange à l’équilibre des pressions, températures et potentiels thermodynamiques est stable. On donne alors des conditions sur le couplage des deux équations d’état pour que l’équation d’état de mélange soit convexe, et pour que le système soit hyperbolique. Afin de prendre en compte le changement de phase, on introduit dans la solution du problème de Riemann une onde de vaporisation modélisée comme une onde de déflagration. On montre ensuite que la fermeture habituelle, la fermeture de Chapman-Jouguet, est inadéquate en général, et on donne une fermeture correcte dans le cas où les deux phases sont des gaz parfaits. Enfin, la solution du problème de Riemann est implémentée dans un code multiphasique, et validée sur des cas analytiques. Dans ce même code, on met en place un modèle de dépôt laser et de conduction thermique non linéaire afin de modéliser les phénomènes physiques intervenant dans l’ablation laser. Les résultats obtenus sont comparables à ceux obtenus avec des lois d’échelle. Le dernier chapitre, complètement indépendant, porte sur la recherche de correcteurs en homogénéisation stochastique dans le cas de processus à queue lourdeThis work deals with the modelling and simulation of compressible flows. A seven equations model is obtained by homogenizing the Euler system. Fluctuation terms are modeled as relaxation terms. When the relaxation terms tend to infinity, which means that the phases are well mixed, a five equations model is obtained via an asymptotic expansion. This five equations model is strictly hyperbolic, but nonconser- vative. The discretization of this model is obtained by an asymptotic expansion of a scheme for the seven equations model. The numerical method is implemented, validated on analytic cases, and compared with experiments in the case of multiphase shocks. We are then interested in the modelling of phase transition with two equations of state. Optimization of the mixture entropy leads to the fact that three zones can be separated: one in which the pure liquid is the most stable, one in which the pure gas is the most stable, and one in which a mixture with equality of temperature, pressure and chemical potentials is the most stable. Conditions are given on the coupling of the two equations of state for ensuring that the mixture equation of state is convex, and that the system is strictly hyperbolic. In order to take into account phase transition, a vaporization wave is introduced in the solution of the Riemann problem, that is modeled as a deflagration wave. It is then proved that the usual closure, the Chapman-Jouguet closure, is wrong in general, and a correct closure in the case when both fluids have a perfect gas equation of state. Last, the solution of the Riemann problem is implemented in a multiphase code, and validated on analytic cases. In the same code, models of laser release and thermal conduction are implemented to simulate laser ablation. The results are comparable to the ones obtained with scale laws. The last chapter, fully independent, is concerned with correctors in stochastic homogenization in the case of heavy tails process
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Fliegans, Olivier. "Phase transitions in "small" systems." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2001/93/index.html.
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Stow, Simon John. "Phase transitions in relativistic systems." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1985. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/e6332754-d6f0-4d29-8960-dc05a5ca3390/1/.
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The BCS free energy for 3P2 paired neutron matter is derived taking account of relativistic effects. It is found that the values taken by the Ginzburg-Landau parameters are always in the region of the phase diagram correponding to a unitary phase. Phase transitions in the early universe are also discussed with inclusion of the effects of Higgs scalar chemical potentials as well as fermionic chemical potentials. The conditions for equilibrium, and the critical density to prevent symmetry restoration at high temperatures are studied. It is observed that the decay of pre-existing Higgs scalar asymmetries could greatly reduce baryon number and lepton number to entropy ratios from their initial values. Phase transitions in supersymmetric theories and the phenomenom of symmetry anti-restoration in a supersymmetric model with a U(1) gauge symmetry are studied at finite density.
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Chen, Leiming. "Tilt phase transitions in disordered systems /." view abstract or download file of text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1251884301&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2006.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-128). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Meier, Hannes. "Superfluid Phase Transitions in Disordered Systems." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Statistisk fysik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-50051.
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This thesis presents results from large scale Monte Carlo simulations of systems subject to a superfluid phase transition in the presence of disorder. The simulations are performed by state-of-the-art, collective Monte Carlo algorithms treating phase degrees of freedom in effective models with amplitude fluctuations integrated out. In Paper I a model system for the possible solid to supersolid transition in 4He is presented.The Wolff cluster algorithm is used to study how the presence of linearly correlated random defects is able to alter the universality class of the 3-dimensional XY-model. In the pure case the superfluid density and heat capacity have singular onsets, which are not seen in the supersolid experiments where instead a smooth onset is obtained. Using finite size scaling of Monte Carlo data, we find a similar smooth onset in our simulations, governed by exponents ν=1 for the superfluid density and α=-1 for the heat capacity. These results are in qualitative agreement with experiments for the observed transition in solid 4He. In Paper II a systematic investigation of the scaling result z=d for the dynamic critical exponentat the Bose glass to superfluid quantum phase transition is performed. The result z=d has been believed to be exact for about 20 years, but although it has been questioned lately no accurate estimate of z has been available. An effective link current model of quantum bosons at T=0 with disorder in 2D is simulated using highly effective worm Monte Carlo simulations.The data analysis is based on a finite size scaling approach todetermine the quantum correlation time from simulationdata for boson world lines without any a priori assumption on the critical parameters. The resulting critical exponents are z=1.8 \pm 0.05, ν=1.15 \pm 0.03, and η=-0.3 \pm 0.1. This suggests that z=d is not satisfied.QC 20111206
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Cortés, Huerto Robinson. "Phase transitions in many-electron systems." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527673.
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Costa, Andre. "Phase transitions in low-dimensional driven systems." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7826.
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The study of non-equilibrium physics is an area of interest since, unlike for their equilibrium counterparts, there exists no general framework for solving such systems. In this thesis I investigate the emergence of structure and front propagation in driven systems, a special type of system within the area of non-equilibrium physics. In particular I focus on three particular one-dimensional models each of which illustrate this in a different way. The Driven Asymmetric Contact Process (DACP) describes a system where activity is continuously generated at one end of a one-dimensional lattice and where this activity is allowed to spread in one direction along the lattice. In the DACP one observes a propagating wave of activity which appears to abruptly vanish as the system undergoes a phase transition. Using a modified Fisher equation to model the system reveals the continued existence of the propagating wave, now contained within a decaying envelope. Furthermore this establishes relations between properties of the travelling wave and Directed Percolation critical exponents. The Zero-Range Process (ZRP) is a much studied system exhibiting a condensation transition. In the ZRP individual particles hop along a lattice at rates which depend only on the occupancy of the departure site. Here I investigate a modi cation of the ZRP where instead the majority of the particles at a site depart during a single hopping event. For this, the Chipping model, a condensate which propagates along the lattice is observed. It is found that this condensation transition is present even for hop rates which fall foul of the condensation requirements of the normal ZRP. Further it is observed that, unlike for normal ZRP, condensation occurs even in the low-density limit. As a result I suggest a condensation mechanism which depends only on the hop rates of low occupancy sites. The Host-Solute-Vacancy model (HSV) is a three-species system designed to model electromigration in a circuit. As the parameter space is navigated the system undergoes what appear to be two separate phase transitions from a randomly distributed state to a condensed state with either of two structures. To investigate the model new measures for determining condensation are developed. These show that, again, condensation occurs in the low-density limit. By a reduction to a ZRP an effective hop rate of the system is measured. This effective hop rate is found to beta function of the occupancy of a site as a fraction of the total system size. To explain this behaviour I invoke a description whereby there is a step in the hop rate as a function of occupancy. Through these three examples I illustrate how minor modi cations to the dynamics of known systems can result in a new and rich phenomenology. I draw particular attention to the effect of asymmetry in the dynamics.
Books on the topic "Phase Transitions and Multiphase Systems"
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Suzuki, Sei. Quantum Ising Phases and Transitions in Transverse Ising Models. 2nd ed. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.
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Sanjay, Puri, ed. Dissipative Phenomena in Condensed Matter: Some Applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004.
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Marov, Mikhail Ya. Turbulence and Self-Organization: Modeling Astrophysical Objects. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013.
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Oliveira, Mário J. Equilibrium Thermodynamics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.
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Born, Philip G. Crystallization of Nanoscaled Colloids. Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing, 2013.
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Marcel, Clerc, Residori Stefania, Assanto Gaetano, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Localized States in Physics: Solitons and Patterns. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.
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1938-, Smirnov B. M., and Berry Stephen R, eds. Phase transitions of simple systems. Berlin: Springer, 2008.
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Leonel, Edson Denis. Dynamical Phase Transitions in Chaotic Systems. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2244-4.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Phase Transitions and Multiphase Systems"
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Stinchcombe, R. B. "Phase Transitions." In Order and Chaos in Nonlinear Physical Systems, 295–340. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2058-4_10.
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Spickermann, Christian. "Phase Transitions." In Entropies of Condensed Phases and Complex Systems, 177–210. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15736-3_5.
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Ivancevic, Vladimir G., and Tijana T. Ivancevic. "Phase Transitions and Synergetics." In Understanding Complex Systems, 173–303. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79357-1_2.
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Kolev, Nikolay I. "Exergy of multi-phase multi-component systems." In Multiphase Flow Dynamics, 311–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-69833-7_7.
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Belitz, D., and T. R. Kirkpatrick. "Quantum Phase Transitions." In Dynamics: Models and Kinetic Methods for Non-equilibrium Many Body Systems, 399–424. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4365-3_24.
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Parrondo, Juan M. R., and Christian Van Den Broeck. "Noise Induced Phase Transitions." In Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems, 157–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0239-8_15.
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Ivancevic, Vladimir G., and Tijana T. Ivancevic. "Phase Transitions and Synergetics." In High-Dimensional Chaotic and Attractor Systems, 285–418. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5456-3_4.
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Solé, Ricard V. "Phase Transitions in Cancer." In New Challenges for Cancer Systems Biomedicine, 35–51. Milano: Springer Milan, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2571-4_3.
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Matsoukas, Themis. "Phase Transitions: The Giant Cluster." In Understanding Complex Systems, 125–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04149-6_5.
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Kolev, Nikolay Ivanov. "Exergy of Multi-phase Multi-component Systems." In Multiphase Flow Dynamics 1, 321–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15296-7_7.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Phase Transitions and Multiphase Systems"
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Ayala, Luis F., Eltohami S. Eltohami, and Michael A. Adewumi. "A Unified Two-Fluid Model for Multiphase Flow in Natural Gas Pipelines." In ASME 2002 Engineering Technology Conference on Energy. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/etce2002/prod-29119.
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A unified two-fluid model for multiphase natural gas and condensate flow in pipelines is presented. The hydrodynamic model consists of steady-state one-dimensional mass and continuity balances for each phase and a combined energy equation to give a system of five first-order ordinary differential equations. The hydrodynamic model is coupled with a phase behavior model based on the Peng-Robinson equation of state to handle the vapor-/liquid equilibrium calculations and thermodynamic property predictions. The model handles single and two-phase flow conditions and is able to predict the transition between them. It also generates profiles for pressure, temperature, and the fluid velocities in both phases as well as their holdups. The expected flow patterns as well as their transitions are modeled with emphasis on the low liquid loading character of such systems. The expected flow regimes for this system are dispersed liquid, annular-mist, stratified smooth as well as stratified wavy.
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Long, Pin, Minxian Wu, Kuofan Chin, and Dahsiung Hsu. "Novel multilevel phase kinoform." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1991.wa5.
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Array generators are optical systems that split a single beam from a laser source into a one- or two- dimensional array of beams. Many different approaches for constructing array generators have been proposed recently. A Dammann grating is the transmission or reflection grating with binary phase levels and with different cell sizes in a period. The cell sizes in a period of the grating— called transition points—are determined by the design procedure so that the derived number of diffraction orders and desired intensity distribution in diffraction orders are obtained. Recently Turunen et al. proposed a new approach in design procedure of multilevel phase kinoform (MPK). The MPK is the transmission or reflection grating with multiphase levels and with the same cell size in a kinoform period. The phase levels of cells in a period of the grating are determined in the design procedure to have an array of diffraction orders with desired diffraction efficiency and intensity distribution. The MPK with multiphase levels determined by optimal design technique has a higher diffraction efficiency and lower reconstruction noise than does the Dammann grating with binary phase levels.
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Taheri, Mohammad Hasan, and Hamid Reza Goshayeshi. "Numerical Simulation of Flows With Evaporation." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-85425.
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Multiphase flows are usually accompanied by thermodynamic effects. These effects are associated with gas-liquid phase transition which can occur in a single fluid system as well as in systems comprising more than one species. Appearance of the transition in a system has substantial thermal and mechanical consequences, such as transfer of mass, momentum as well as energy and change in the temperature field. Flows coupled with phase change occur abundantly in nature. They are responsible for atmospheric phenomena such as cloud formation, absorption of gases (including green house ones) by sea water and many other phenomena of a global or local scale, which influences everyday life. Multiphase flows are also often present in many industrial applications in which their physical features are advantageous or disadvantageous. Installations in the oil production industry and energy production plants are examples of installations in which multi-phase flows with phase transition appear. Phase transition is a desired phenomenon in vapor generation systems such as power plant boilers or water cooled nuclear reactors; as well as indirect or direct contact vapor condensers or mass transfer equipment used e.g. for humidification. Phase transition can also be an undesired phenomenon. It occurs in pumps and on ship propellers where because the pressure decreases considerably at the suction side of the impeller or propeller blade, cavitation appears. This sort of transition can cause oscillations and may threaten the structural integrity of the impeller or propeller. Two driving mechanisms for phase transition inside a fluid can be distinguished. The first is variation of the pressure leading to cavitation, whereas the second one is heat transfer (temperature) resulting in boiling and evaporation/condensation. Over the past decades researchers put much effort in the development of algorithms capable of numerically simulate multiphase flows with phase transition. The present study concerns the development of a method for the prediction of multiphase flow with temperature-driven phase transition for which the geometry of the gas-liquid interface is not known in advance. A single substance is considered consisting of incompressible phases. The gas-liquid interface in multiphase flows, with or without phase transition, involves a discontinuity in the physical properties of the flow at the interface. This leads to difficulties in preserving convergence in numerical algorithms for predicting single phase flows. The investigation of mixed convection heat and mass transfer on a vertical plate with film evaporation has been numerically examined. Results were obtained for mixed convection driven by combined thermal and mass buoyancy forces. The numerical results, including velocity, temperature and concentration distributions, Nusselt number as well as Sherwood number and evaporation rate are presented. The results show that below a certain temperature, water evaporation rate decreases as the humidity of air increases and above it this relation reverses. This temperature is named “inversion point temperature”. A numerical model using the finite difference method was developed and tested systematically.
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Heidari, Mohammad Reza, and Terry Wayne Stone. "Development of a Thermal Stability Method for Phase Appearance and Disappearance Handling in Thermal Compositional Simulators." In SPE Reservoir Simulation Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/203912-ms.
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Abstract Thermal compositional simulators rely heavily on multicomponent, multiphase flash calculations for a variety of reasons, including reservoir and wellbore initialization, phase appearance and disappearance, and property calculation. In a mass variable formulation, an isenthalpic flash is used for phase split computation, phase saturation update, component mole fraction update in different phases, and temperatures. A natural variable formulation utilizes an isothermal flash mainly for phase appearance and disappearance as well as computation of component mole fractions in appearing phases. Multiphase multicomponent isothermal flash calculations cannot be performed in narrow boiling systems which are very common in the simulation of thermal EOR operations such as Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) or Steam Flooding (SF). In a narrow boiling point system, pressure and temperature are not linearly independent, and an isothermal flash will fail. In addition, flash calculations are computationally expensive, and reservoir simulators use different techniques to perform them as little as possible. A new thermal stability check has been developed that can be used in thermal compositional simulators and replaces an isothermal flash calculation. The new stability check quickly determines the phase state of a fluid sample and can be used as an initial guess for mole fraction of a phase appearing in the next simulation cycle. In this method, primary variables of the simulator are used as input for the stability check immediately after the nonlinear solver update so that computation of global mole fractions is not required. The new stability check can also be used in separator and isenthalpic flash calculations to determine the phase state of a fluid. An algorithm is provided, covering all different transitions of phase states in a thermal compositional simulator. The proposed algorithm is significantly faster than a flash calculation and saves simulation time spent in this calculation, hence the overall speed up is case dependent. The new stability check is simple, computationally inexpensive, and robust. It can be used for multicomponent and single-component systems, and we tested it rigorously against real field and synthetic models. The new thermal stability check always predicts the number of phase states correctly and never fails. In this paper, we demonstrate a thermal compositional simulation that is run without performing a single flash calculation.
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Donaldson, Adam A., Patrick Plouffe, and Arturo Macchi. "Enhancement of Inter-Phase Transport in Mini/Micro-Scale Applications Using Passive Mixing." In ASME 2011 9th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2011-58283.
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Structured mini/micro-scale reactors continue to receive attention from both industry and academia due to their low pressure drop, high mass transfer rates and ease of scale-up when compared to conventional reactor technology. Commonly considered for heat and mass transfer limited reactions such as hydrogenations, hydrodesulphurization, oxidations and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, the performance of these systems is highly dependent on mixing and the interfacial area between phases. While existing literature describes the initial flow patterns generated by a broad range of two-phase contactors, few studies explore the dynamic impacts of downstream passive mixing elements. Experimental and computational methodologies for characterizing two-phase flow pattern transitions, pressure drop, mixing and mass transfer are discussed, with relevant examples for serpentine and venturi-based passive mixing designs. The efficacy of these two configurations are explored in the context of pressure drop, conditions leading to significant interface renewal, and design considerations for optimizing mass transfer. Challenges associate with the characterization of multiphase flow through these systems are highlighted, and strategies suggested for both experimental and computational analysis of dynamic flow patterns and fluid-fluid interactions.
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Barreto, C. V., C. S. Ramos, G. Bocchi, J. Trujillo, M. Pasqualette, J. Carneiro, F. Costa, and J. Graciano. "Flow Assurance Applied to CO2 Transport: Challenges of Modelling CO2-Rich Systems through Production, Processing and Injection Systems." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/35146-ms.
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Abstract High CO2 content fluids present a challenge to the design and operational aspects of production and process facilities due to their particularities related to thermodynamics, hydrodynamic effects, and flow assurance issues. To address these challenges, the present work suggests an integration between different simulation tools to handle the CO2 cycle comprising production, processing, and injection systems. This paper focuses on the modeling challenges imposed by such particular fluids. Traditionally, the state variables adopted for multiphase flow are pressure and temperature, but they usually fail to model phase transitions for pure substances and mixtures with narrow phase envelopes (CO2-rich mixtures). Therefore, to deal with such scenarios, a pressure-enthalpy formulation has been developed so that gas-liquid conditions can be better analyzed. Additionally, to better understand the entire production, processing, and injection system, a parametric analysis has been carried out using the integrated framework. The pressure of the first stage separator (processing section - TOPSIDE) has been varied, leading to an impact on all aspects downstream or upstream of the separator. Results showed that the increase in the first separator pressure decreases the compressor's power requirement per barrel of equivalent oil, but it also decreases the wells production flow rate, worsening the economic performance. In this manner, with the right values, it is possible to achieve optimum oil production while respecting economic and operational constraints.
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Sankagiri, Narayanaswamy, and Gary A. Ruff. "Measurement of Sphere Drag in High Turbulent Intensity Flows." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0782.
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Abstract Multiphase flows composed of dispersed phase elements interacting with a turbulent continuous phase are encountered in many engineering applications. In analyses of these systems, the sphere drag coefficient is frequently used to determine not only the rate of momentum transfer from these elements but also the rates of mass and energy transport. Considerable research has demonstrated that the drag coefficient is dependent on the turbulence intensity of the free stream but experimental studies have been limited to relatively low levels of turbulence intensities, and have been obtained over limited ranges of particle Reynolds numbers. The objective of this research is to obtain data at low levels of turbulence where existing data is sparse or inconsistent, extend the measurements to higher levels of relative turbulence intensity, and cover the range of particle Reynolds numbers found in typical multiphase flows (50 < Rep < 1500, 0.08 < Ir < 0.6). Current drag measurements at turbulence intensities of approximately 0.1 show good agreement with the results of previous researchers. Results at an intensity of 0.3 have indicated how the drag coefficient transitions between high and low Reynolds number data from different researchers. Measurements at other turbulence intensities are continuing.
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Lewis, K. L., and A. M. Pitt. "The Effect of Composition on the Properties of Magnetron Sputtered Vanadium Oxide Films." In Optical Interference Coatings. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oic.1992.otue9.
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The vanadium oxide system is well known for its multiphase behaviour. Many compositions are known, ranging from VO0.2 to V2O5. Several of these materials exhibit semiconductor-metallic phase transitions at temperatures between 10 and 400K, the most well known being found in the case of vanadium dioxide at 341K. A large number of studies have addressed the properties of thin films of VO2 using material deposited by a number of different techniques, but there is no systematic study reported of the sensitivity of the phase transition to composition in the range close to x=2.0. This work seeks to address this issue using material deposited by reactive sputtering using an RF planar magnetron source under ultra-clean (UHV-type) conditions. The problems posed in the use of reactive sputtering for the deposition of such oxide films arise because of the affinity of the metal target for the reactive gas used during sputtering which results in a highly non-linear process characteristic as discussed by Berg [1] and others. For the deposition of materials in their highest oxidation states (eg alumina, V2O5) etc), this doesn't usually present too much difficulty, since it is only necessary to provide sufficient reactive gas to overcome the level of poisoning at the target surface. In the case of vanadium oxide however, the control of composition is of paramount importance in achieving the optimum film properties.
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Pontaza, Juan P., Stefan Belfroid, and Rens Bazuin. "Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulations to Predict Flow-Induced Vibration of Piping Due to CO2 Multiphase Flow." In ASME 2023 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2023-105742.
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Abstract Fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulations of high-pressure multiphase CO2 flow in 2-inch piping were performed to predict flow-induced piping vibration and stress. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to predict the unsteady multiphase flow in the piping and the flow-induced forces on the bends. A structural finite element model of the 2-inch piping system was loaded with the CFD-predicted flow-induced loading to predict piping vibration and stress in time domain. A one-way FSI simulation approach was adopted, where the flow interacts with the structure, but it is assumed that the vibration of the structure does not affect the flow field. The 2-inch piping system is a high-pressure flow loop where piping vibration and stress were measured for a range of CO2 multiphase flow conditions in a test campaign aiming to characterize piping vibration responses with CO2 as the working fluid. The numerically predicted piping vibration and stress are compared against physical measurements collected during the test campaign at locations where accelerometers and strain gauges were installed. The selected flow conditions are for CO2 in gas and liquid phases with operation at a phase transition condition of 55 bara and 18°C. Simulations are performed for three flow conditions with increasing gas rate and fixed liquid rate, resulting in flows with decreasing liquid content by volume: 12.5%, 8.85%, and 6.73%. We find good agreement when comparing the predicted vibration levels against those measured by the accelerometers and find that the predicted stress is conservative relative to the stress measured by the strain gauges. The results validate the FSI predictions and instill confidence in the simulation approach, which is recognized as a powerful tool to predict flow-induced vibration of piping in multiphase systems.
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Lu, Haidan, Chun Kwok, Nicolas Gomez Bustamante, Serdar Atmaca, and Sean Roy. "Transient Study of Carbon Dioxide Transportation Pipeline Rupture and a Novel Approach for the Carbon Dioxide Plume Containment." In SPE Energy Transition Symposium. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/215727-ms.
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Abstract The safe and efficient operation of carbon dioxide (CO2) pipelines is essential for compliance with federal regulations and the operational safety of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) projects. In this study, we aim to gain insights into the hydraulic conditions and CO2 phase changes during fullbore rupture and investigate the potential of using pipe-in-pipe configuration to achieve better CO2 plume containment during this pressure loss event. In this study, we modeled high-concentration CO2 with less than 1% impurities using a pressure-enthalpy flashing routine. We applied the transient multiphase flow analysis to model the CO2 pipeline midpoint fullbore rupture to the atmosphere to predict temperature, pressure, and fluid thermodynamic properties within the pipeline. Key results such as pipe bore temperature profile change over time on either side of the rupture, the minimum temperature locations, and the time to return to ambient temperature were extracted to understand the risk and impact on the pipeline integrity because of the CO2 pipeline rupture. Then the investigation of the use of eccentric pipe-in-pipe systems for hydraulic changes in the event of a pipeline rupture was carried out. Based on the results, the potential of using the casing pipe to contain the leaked CO2 and prevent CO2 plumes from escaping into the atmosphere was explored.
Reports on the topic "Phase Transitions and Multiphase Systems"
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Mottola, E., T. Bhattacharya, and F. Cooper. Phase transitions, nonequilibrium dynamics, and critical behavior of strongly interacting systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/560790.
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Bonner, B., P. Berge, S. Carlson, D. Farber, and J. Akella. Nanosecond Ultrasonics to Study Phase Transitions in Solid and Liquid Systems at High Pressure and Temperature. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/908907.
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Pullammanappallil, Pratap, Haim Kalman, and Jennifer Curtis. Investigation of particulate flow behavior in a continuous, high solids, leach-bed biogasification system. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600038.bard.
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Recent concerns regarding global warming and energy security have accelerated research and developmental efforts to produce biofuels from agricultural and forestry residues, and energy crops. Anaerobic digestion is a promising process for producing biogas-biofuel from biomass feedstocks. However, there is a need for new reactor designs and operating considerations to process fibrous biomass feedstocks. In this research project, the multiphase flow behavior of biomass particles was investigated. The objective was accomplished through both simulation and experimentation. The simulations included both particle-level and bulk flow simulations. Successful computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of multiphase flow in the digester is dependent on the accuracy of constitutive models which describe (1) the particle phase stress due to particle interactions, (2) the particle phase dissipation due to inelastic interactions between particles and (3) the drag force between the fibres and the digester fluid. Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations of Homogeneous Cooling Systems (HCS) were used to develop a particle phase dissipation rate model for non-spherical particle systems that was incorporated in a two-fluid CFDmultiphase flow model framework. Two types of frictionless, elongated particle models were compared in the HCS simulations: glued-sphere and true cylinder. A new model for drag for elongated fibres was developed which depends on Reynolds number, solids fraction, and fibre aspect ratio. Schulze shear test results could be used to calibrate particle-particle friction for DEM simulations. Several experimental measurements were taken for biomass particles like olive pulp, orange peels, wheat straw, semolina, and wheat grains. Using a compression tester, the breakage force, breakage energy, yield force, elastic stiffness and Young’s modulus were measured. Measurements were made in a shear tester to determine unconfined yield stress, major principal stress, effective angle of internal friction and internal friction angle. A liquid fludized bed system was used to determine critical velocity of fluidization for these materials. Transport measurements for pneumatic conveying were also assessed. Anaerobic digestion experiments were conducted using orange peel waste, olive pulp and wheat straw. Orange peel waste and olive pulp could be anaerobically digested to produce high methane yields. Wheat straw was not digestible. In a packed bed reactor, anaerobic digestion was not initiated above bulk densities of 100 kg/m³ for peel waste and 75 kg/m³ for olive pulp. Interestingly, after the digestion has been initiated and balanced methanogenesis established, the decomposing biomass could be packed to higher densities and successfully digested. These observations provided useful insights for high throughput reactor designs. Another outcome from this project was the development of low cost devices to measure methane content of biogas for off-line (US$37), field (US$50), and online (US$107) applications.