Journal articles: 'Phased antena array'

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Firdaus, Firdaus. "PEMBUATAN ANTENA MIKROSTRIP PHASED ARRAY DENGAN PENGATURAN FASA MENGGUNAKAN VARIASI PANJANG SALURAN CATU." Elektron : Jurnal Ilmiah 5, no. 2 (December 13, 2013): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/eji.5.2.58.

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A microstrip phased array width phase is controlled by length of line feeder is presented in this paper for application in RADAR system. The microstrip array antenna is built from dipolelike individual elemen at center frequency 650 MHz. Five different length transmission lines are used to change current phase feeding in to the antenna which is 2λ, 2.125 λ, 2.025 λ, and 2.5 λ. The measured result reveal exelent agreement width the simaltions. The different length of transmission line able to change the radiation pattern which are 60o, 150o,210o dan 0o.

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Shi, Nuannuan, Wei Li, Ninghua Zhu, and Ming Li. "Optically controlled phase array antenna [Invited]." Chinese Optics Letters 17, no. 5 (2019): 052301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201917.052301.

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Bushkin, S. S., S. A. Golovin, and N. N. Soroka. "Development of small-sized phased antenna arrays on ferrite phase shifters for unmanned aerial vehicles." Journal of «Almaz – Antey» Air and Defence Corporation, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.38013/2542-0542-2020-1-19-25.

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In this paper, an approach to the development of small-sized phased antenna arrays on ferrite phase shifters is considered. The paper presents examples of predicting the radiation characteristics of phased antenna arrays and processing their measured characteristics using mathematical models. On the basis of a phased array antenna for an unmanned aerial vehicle, the influence of the design features of such an antenna on its radiation characteristics is shown. The radiation characteristics of a phased array antenna for an unmanned aerial vehicle developed at V. V. Tikhomirov Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Design are presented.

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Zhang Yaoyuan, 张耀元, 王锐 Wang Rui, 姜瑞韬 Jiang Ruitao, 杜坤阳 Du Kunyang, and 李远洋 Li Yuanyang. "硅基光学相控阵扇形天线优化设计." Infrared and Laser Engineering 50, no. 7 (2021): 20210013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/irla20210013.

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Legkiy, N. M., and N. V. Mikheev. "Selection of location of radiators in a non-equivident antenna array." Russian Technological Journal 8, no. 6 (December 18, 2020): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2500-316x-2020-8-6-54-62.

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Antennas are one of the main elements of radio engineering systems. Phased antenna arrays (PAR), which make it possible to regulate the direction of radiation due to the ability to control the phases or phase differences of the emitted signal, are the most effective types of antennas. The size, design and shape of the PAR depend on the tasks to be solved, the type of emitters and the nature of their location. The article discusses the transformation of an equidistant PAR into a non-equidistant antenna array in order to reduce the level of side lobes and suppress diffraction maxima with a given minimum distance between the emitters. A model of a non-equidistant antenna array and calculation formulas for its analysis are presented. The method presented in the work based on iterative calculation methods makes it possible to select the main parameters of a non-equidistant PAR taking into account the bonds formed between neighboring radiating elements. The coordinates of the emitter elements of the non-equidistant PAR were calculated in a program using the MATLAB language. At the same time, a method was implemented to search for the optimal arrangement of emitters relative to each other, in which the directional pattern of the antenna array will have a minimum level of diffraction maxima and the required level of side lobe. According to the results of the program execution, the coordinates of the new non-equidistant PAR were obtained. The non-equidistant phased array antenna simulated according to the calculation results showed a complete absence of diffraction maxima, in contrast to the equidistant array, but it was not possible to sufficiently obtain the required level of side lobes. The calculated antenna radiation patterns presented for comparison showed the advantages of a non-equidistant antenn array.

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Gavrilova, S. E., A. N. Gribanov, G. F. Moseychuk, and A. I. Sinani. "Features of excitation reconstruction in flat multielement phased antenna array face using dynamic directional patterns." Journal of «Almaz – Antey» Air and Space Defence Corporation, no. 4 (December 30, 2017): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.38013/2542-0542-2017-4-32-39.

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The study focuses on reconstructing the amplitude-phase distribution of flat multielement passive and active phased antenna arrays with the use of dynamic radiation patterns, measured with electronical scanning without mechanical rotations and antenna movements. The paper describes the measurement settings of dynamic radiation patterns, necessary for reconstructing the amplitude-phase distribution. Findings of the research show that to reconstruct the amplitude-phase distribution according to dynamic radiation diagrams, there is no need for increased computational resources due to the use of Fourier transformation algorithms. After the method was experimentally verified on the specific samples of active phased antenna arrays, its high efficiency was established. The paper gives the examples of reconstructing the amplitude-phase distribution from dynamic radiation patterns in the presence of malfunctions in active phased array antennas.

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Zhang, Bo. "Design of a Wideband Vivaldi Antenna Array." Applied Mechanics and Materials 668-669 (October 2014): 1253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.668-669.1253.

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Phased arrays for use in future multifunction systems require wideband elements capable of wide angle scanning. Here we describe the design of a Balance Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna for use in large phased array antenna apertures. The BAVA element height and the array lattice spacing are about λ/2 at the high frequency end of a grating-lobe free operating band. BAVA elements do not require connection with adjacent elements and are therefore attractive for use in phased arrays with modular construction.

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Shabunin, Sergey, Sergey Plokhov, Ilia Bukrin, and Victor Chechetkin. "Microwave phased array for aerological radar." ITM Web of Conferences 30 (2019): 05022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20193005022.

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The use of radars with phased antenna arrays in aerological atmospheric sounding systems significantly increases the technical characteristics of the radio channel, ensures reliable auto-tracking in the near zone at high angular velocities of the aerological probe, and reduces the overall dimensions of the radar station. Modelling and optimization of the parameters of the phased array and phase shifters were carried out in the NI AWR Design Environment. The results of the study showed that when designing a radar station, it is possible to reduce the level of side lobes of the phased array antenna pattern and the effect of reflections from the underlying surface under operating conditions significantly.

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Mingfei Wei, Mingfei Wei, Min Wang Min Wang, Xiaomin Zhang Xiaomin Zhang, Chun Wang Chun Wang, and Fang Yang Fang Yang. "Research on optical true-time delay of multiple optical carriers in phased array antenna." Chinese Optics Letters 13, s1 (2015): S10602–310604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201513.s10602.

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Sellal, Kheireddine, and Larbi Talbi. "Design of a Two-Element Antenna Array Using Substrate Integrated Waveguide Technique." International Journal of Microwave Science and Technology 2011 (September 14, 2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/278070.

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The design of a two-element antenna array using the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technique and operating at 10 GHz is presented. The proposed antenna array consists of two SIW phase shifter sections with two SIW slot antennas. The phase shifting is achieved by changing the position of two inductive posts inserted inside each element of the array. Numerical simulations and experimental measurements have been carried out for three differential phases between the two antenna array elements, namely, 0°, 22.5°, and 67.5°. A prototype for each differential phase has been fabricated and measured. Results have shown a fairly good agreement between theory and experiments. In fact, a reflection coefficient of better than 20 dB has been achieved around 10 GHZ. The E-plane radiation pattern has shown a beam scan between 5° and 18° and demonstrated the feasibility of designing an SIW antenna phased array.

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Gusenitsa, Yaroslav N., Aleksandr L. Snegirev, and Sergey A. Pokotilo. "Study of the characteristics of a radio photon device for determining the phase difference of a radar signals." Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika, no. 2 (2021): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2021-2-38-42.

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The paper considers the problem of accurate calculation of the phase of the radar signal in relation to the receiving phased antenna arrays. Methods for determining the phase difference based on a comparison of the received signal with the local oscillator signal are listed, as well as a method based on the use of a radio-photon analog-to-digital converter for the output signal of the receiving phased antenna array. Their disadvantages are indicated. A method and a radio photon device are proposed that are devoid of these disadvantages. The method allows you to calculate the phase difference of the radar signal at the output of the electro-optical modulator and the output signal of the photodetector, taking into account the known values of the amplitudes and phase difference of the microwave signals at the input of the receiving elements of the phased antenna array. The radio-photon device allows you to implement this method and, unlike the known analogues, is based on the use of two parallel-connected electro-optical modulators constructed according to the scheme of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer. It is shown that the proposed radio photon device provides a higher accuracy of determining the phase of the radar signal in comparison with existing analogues. At the end of the work, an analysis of the results of experimental studies using the proposed method and a radio photon device is presented. According to the results of the experiment, it was found that the phase and phase differences vary linearly, and their maximum reaches π. In addition, the square of the amplitude of the optical signal at the input of the photon-electronic unit is proportional to the phase difference and inversely proportional to the ratio of the amplitudes of the output signals of the adjacent receiving elements of the phased antenna arrays.

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12

Zhang, Jin, Shuai Zhang, Xianqi Lin, Yong Fan, and Gert Pedersen. "3D Radiation Pattern Reconfigurable Phased Array for Transmission Angle Sensing in 5G Mobile Communication." Sensors 18, no. 12 (November 30, 2018): 4204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18124204.

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This paper proposes a 3D radiation pattern reconfigurable antenna (RPRA) and a reconfigurable phased array (RPA) for 5G mobile communication. The antenna and array are working at 28 GHz, which is selected as a 5G communication band in many countries. The proposed phased array will be applied as sensors to find out the optimal transmitting–receiving angle in a randomly changed cellular wireless scenarios. The RPRA and RPA are fed by Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) and have three switchable radiation modes: Broadside 1, Broadside 2 and Endfire. The three modes correspond to three different radiation patterns and each of them covers a different area in the Azimuth plane. An eight-element phased array constructed by the proposed RPRA, which is able to switch beam in Azimuth plane and scan in the Elevation plane, is also presented in this paper. The proposed RPA is able to provide much higher spatial coverage than the conventional phased arrays and without additional feeding and phase shifting networks. The beam switching is realized by the PIN diodes. The proposed antenna and array have planer structures and require small clearance on the ground plane which makes them compatible with mobile phones. The simulations show good performance for both RPRA and RPA.

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Lu, Junqi, and Yongxin Guo. "Compact Planar Sparse Array Antenna with Optimum Element Dimensions for SATCOM Ground Terminals." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/806981.

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A novel antenna array architecture for low-cost and compact SATCOM mobile terminal is presented. Based on equal-amplitude aperiodic phased array with fewer active chain numbers, it possesses advantages including lower weight, less cost, and higher power efficiency compared to conventional periodic phased arrays. It is implemented with printed patch antenna so that it guarantees compactness. The elements position and dimensions are jointly designed, with an effective sparse array synthesis strategy that takes actual patch antenna design constraint into consideration, to obtain a maximum array aperture efficiency. Executable and practical approach for variable dimension patch antenna designing, including defect substrate element and small scale array, is introduced and utilized to implement proposed sparse array. Full-wave simulation results demonstrate the advantages of proposed array antenna as well as the effectiveness of corresponding design approach.

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Yepes, Leonardo F., David H. Covarrubias, Miguel A. Alonso, and Ramon Ferrus. "Hybrid Sparse Linear Array Synthesis Applied to Phased Antenna Arrays." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 13 (2014): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2014.2301012.

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Elhefnawy, M., and A. A. Al-Hadi. "A Novel Design of Slotted Waveguide Phased Array Antenna." Advanced Electromagnetics 8, no. 3 (June 10, 2019): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v8i3.1031.

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A novel design of phased array antenna based on a Slotted Waveguide Antenna Array (SWAA) is introduced in this paper. The CST Microwave Studio simulation results show that the S‒parameters, the gain, the axial ratio, and the beamwidth of the proposed phased array antenna are affected by the value of the progressive phase shift. The simulated results of the proposed phased array antenna at different values of progressive phase demonstrate that the S‒parameters for almost all ports are less than ‒10 dB over at least 2% bandwidth, the simulated phased array antenna gain is above 17 dB in the frequency range from 9.5 GHz to 9.7 GHz, the range of frequencies over which the simulated Axial Ratio (AR) is below 3 dB is not fixed and varied according to the selected progressive phase, the simulated beamwidth can be 6.5˚ or narrower based on the value of the progressive phase shift.

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Singh, Hema, H. L. Sneha, and R. M. Jha. "Mutual Coupling in Phased Arrays: A Review." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/348123.

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The mutual coupling between antenna elements affects the antenna parameters like terminal impedances, reflection coefficients and hence the antenna array performance in terms of radiation characteristics, output signal-to-interference noise ratio (SINR), and radar cross section (RCS). This coupling effect is also known to directly or indirectly influence the steady state and transient response, the resolution capability, interference rejection, and direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation competence of the array. Researchers have proposed several techniques and designs for optimal performance of phased array in a given signal environment, counteracting the coupling effect. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the methods that model and mitigate the mutual coupling effect for different types of arrays. The parameters that get affected due to the presence of coupling thereby degrading the array performance are discussed. The techniques for optimization of the antenna characteristics in the presence of coupling are also included.

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Dyadyuk, Val, Xiaojing Huang, Leigh Stokes, and Joseph Pathikulangara. "Implementation of wideband digital beam forming in the E-band." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 3, no. 3 (April 19, 2011): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078711000468.

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This paper reports the test results of a small-scale prototype that implements a digitally beam-formed phased antenna array in the E-band. A four-channel dual-conversion receive RF module for 71–76 GHz frequency band has been developed and integrated with a linear end-fire antenna array. Wideband frequency-domain angle-of-arrival estimation and beam-forming algorithms were developed and implemented using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK) at 1 Gbps. Measured performance is very close to the simulated results and experimental data for an analogue-beam-formed array. This work is a stepping stone toward practical realization of larger hybrid arrays in the E-band.

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Mitra, Dipankar, Sukrith Dev, Jacob Lewis, Jerika Cleveland, Monica S. Allen, Jeffery W. Allen, and Benjamin D. Braaten. "A Phased Array Antenna with New Elements Designed Using Source Transformations." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (April 1, 2021): 3162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11073162.

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Transformation electromagnetics/optics (TE/TO) has been shown to be a useful technique in designing electromagnetic devices with very unique properties. Here, the concepts of transformation optics for single elements is extended to an array of “pinwheel” shaped elements for the first time. Through full-wave finite element analysis (FEA), it is shown that a transformed “pinwheel” linear array can be designed to operate identically to a uniformly spaced linear dipole array. Thus, the “pinwheel” antenna array will maintain all the advantages of array processing of a simple dipole antenna array. The proposed method has applications in structurally integrated and conformal phased arrays for wireless communications, radars, and sensing where structural and mechanical constrains do not align with antenna performance.

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Middlebrook, Christopher T., Peter M. Krenz, Brian A. Lail, and Glenn D. Boreman. "Infrared phased-array antenna." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 50, no. 3 (2008): 719–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.23213.

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Buttazzoni, Giulia, Massimiliano Comisso, Federico Ruzzier, and Roberto Vescovo. "Phase-Only Antenna Array Reconfigurability with Gaussian-Shaped Nulls for 5G Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2019 (February 7, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9120530.

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This paper presents a fast iterative method for the synthesis of linear and planar antenna arrays of arbitrary geometry that provides pattern reconfigurability for 5G applications. The method enables to generate wide null regions shaped according to a Gaussian distribution, which complies with recent measurements on millimeter-wave (mmWave) angular dispersion. A phase-only control approach is adopted by moving from the pattern provided by a uniformly excited array and iteratively modifying the sole phases of the excitations. This allows the simplification of the array feeding network, hence reducing the cost of realization of 5G base stations and mobile terminals. The proposed algorithm, which is based on the method of successive projections, relies on closed-form expressions for both the projectors and the null positions, thus allowing a fast computation of the excitation phases at each iteration. The effectiveness of the proposed solution is checked through numerical examples compliant with 5G mmWave scenarios and involving linear and concentric ring arrays.

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Wang, Yuanhao, Michael Berens, Alexander Nietsch, Werner John, and Wolfgang Mathis. "Optimized designing of a patch phased array with a MoM-solver." COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 33, no. 6 (October 28, 2014): 1847–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-11-2013-0365.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present an optimization process for the design of a 2×2 patch antenna phased array with application for an UHF RFID system. Design/methodology/approach – The optimization process is based on a method of moment (MoM)-solver, which was individually made to create such patch antenna phased arrays and simulate the radiated field pattern. In combination with this MoM-solver, a GUI, which gives the opportunity to change every physical antenna factor and create the antenna structure within a few minutes is presented. Furthermore the golden section search method is used to produce an even better solution in a more efficient way compared to the first attempt. After the simulation, different types of presentation of results can be chosen for a fast and easy optimization. Findings – The design process is discussed while the authors try to optimize the distance between the elements and the difference of input phase for each patch element. The final goal is to create an antenna with maximum directivity and coverage of field pattern. Practical implications – A physical implementation of an optimized patch antenna phased array and the results of measurement are presented in the end. Originality/value – An optimization process for the design of a 2×2 patch antenna phased array with application for an UHF RFID system is presented. Furthermore the golden section search method is combined with the design process to increase the accuracy of the solution and decrease the time effort.

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Nguyen, Hung Q., Jim S. Whittington, John C. Devlin, Ha L. Vu, Ngoc-Vinh Vu, and Eddie Custovic. "Accurate Phase Calibration for Digital Beam-Forming in Multi-Transceiver HF Radar System." International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 59, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eletel-2013-0029.

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Abstract The TIGER-3 radar is being developed as an “all digital” radar with 20 integrated digital transceivers, each connected to a separate antenna. Using phased array antenna techniques, radiated power is steered towards a desired direction based on the relative phases within the array elements. This paper proposes an accurate phase measurement method to calibrate the phases of the radio output signals using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology. The method sequentially measures the phase offset between the RF signal generated by each transceiver and a reference signal operated at the same frequency. Accordingly, the transceiver adjusts its phase in order to align to the reference phase. This results in accurately aligned phases of the RF output signals and with the further addition of appropriate phase offsets, digital beamforming (DBF) can be performed steering the beam in a desired direction. The proposed method is implemented on a Virtex-5 VFX70T device. Experimental results show that the calibration accuracy is of 0.153 degrees with 14 MHz operating frequency.

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Li, Wen Tao, Yong Qiang Hei, and Xiao Wei Shi. "Synthesis of Conformal Phased Antenna Arrays With A Novel Multiobjective Invasive Weed Optimization Algorithm." Frequenz 72, no. 5-6 (April 25, 2018): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/freq-2017-0012.

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Abstract By virtue of the excellent aerodynamic performances, conformal phased arrays have been attracting considerable attention. However, for the synthesis of patterns with low/ultra-low sidelobes of the conventional conformal arrays, the obtained dynamic range ratios of amplitude excitations could be quite high, which results in stringent requirements on various error tolerances for practical implementation. Time-modulated array (TMA) has the advantages of low sidelobe and reduced dynamic range ratio requirement of amplitude excitations. This paper takes full advantages of conformal antenna arrays and time-modulated arrays. The active-element-pattern, including element mutual coupling and platform effects, is employed in the whole design process. To optimize the pulse durations and the switch-on instants of the time-modulated elements, multiobjective invasive weed optimization (MOIWO) algorithm based on the nondominated sorting of the solutions is proposed. A S-band 8-element cylindrical conformal array is designed and a S-band 16-element cylindrical-parabolic conformal array is constructed and tested at two different steering angles.

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Rusov, Yury. "Analysis of the influence of radiators basing errors in the monopulse phased array antenna aperture on its characteristics." ITM Web of Conferences 30 (2019): 05019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20193005019.

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The influence of radiators basing errors in the flat monopulse phased array antenna with spatial excitation on the beam forming accuracy is researched. The results of calculations of the deviation of the position of the difference radiation pattern minimum depending on the displacement of the antenna array radiators for antenna arrays with diameters from 10 to 100 wavelengths are presented.

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Woo, Dong Sik, Kang Wook Kim, and Hyun-Chul Choi. "A Broadband and High Gain Tapered Slot Antenna for W-Band Imaging Array Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/378527.

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A broadband and high gain tapered slot antenna (TSA) by utilizing a broadband microstrip- (MS-) to-coplanar stripline (CPS) balun has been developed for millimeter-wave imaging systems and sensors. This antenna exhibits ultrawideband performance for frequency ranges from 70 to over 110 GHz with the high antenna gain, low sidelobe levels, and narrow beamwidth. The validity of this antenna as imaging arrays is also demonstrated by analyzing mutual couplings and 4-element linear array. This antenna can be applied to mm-wave phased array, imaging array for plasma diagnostics applications.

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Wei-Xing Sheng and Da-Gang Fang. "Angular superresolution for phased antenna array by phase weighting." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 37, no. 4 (2001): 1450–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/7.976980.

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Shishov, Yu A., S. E. Shaldaev, D. V. Sergeev, M. G. Vahlov, and V. V. Podoltzev. "Correction of amplitude-phase field distribution at aperture of deformed large-aperture fixed phased array." Radio industry 28, no. 3 (August 29, 2018): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21778/2413-9599-2018-28-3-55-63.

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On the basis of an analytical review of scientific and technical information sources dedicated to correction of errors in the gainphase distribution of the field on the aperture of the phased antenna array, such errors been caused by correlation of errors in phase quantization by discrete phase shifters, and also caused by disbursement of their characteristics and by failures in a part of the phased antenna array elements, an unresolved problem has been discovered. It is required to correct the amplitudephase distribution errors caused by deformation of the curtain of the large-aperture stationary phased antenna array and resulting in deviation of the radiating elements from their design parameters. A mathematical apparatus of the field distribution electronic correction is being developed together with an algorithm for controlling the radiation pattern of the phased antenna array. The effectiveness of the proposed method for correcting the array pattern distribution on the aperture of the deformed phased antenna array has been evaluated and an option for technical implementation thereof has been proposed.The relevance and novelty of the work is confirmed by the patent for the invention developed on the basis of the studies performed and by the certificate of state registration of the software, which was based upon in the processing of results of the measurements of the deformations in the curtain of the large-aperture phased antenna array.

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Parnes, M. D. "Verification of Phase Shifter Measurements of a Reflective Array Antenna." Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics 24, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2021-24-2-18-26.

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Introduction. Large-size phased antenna arrays (PAA) frequently incorporate optical excitation schemes, whose main elements include the feed and the reflective aperture. In turn, the reflective aperture consists of several tens of thousands of radiators and phase shifters. Major distortions of the radiation pattern in reflective arrays occur due to phase errors, leading to a decrease in the gain and an increase in the side lobes of the radiation pattern. In the millimeter wavelength range, ferrite phase shifters can have an initial phase from 0 to 360 °, thus requiring measurements of the array elements following their assembly.Aim. To develop a method for evaluating errors in measurements of the parameters of phase shifters incorporated in an antenna array by comparing theoretical and experimental data.Materials and methods. A convenient method for determining the parameters of phase shifters is probing, in which a movable probe is connected in series with each array element. In cases where a PAA element represents a single structure consisting of a ferrite segment and a dielectric radiator, measurements are carried out using a probe in the form of a segment of a round waveguide moving towards the radiator. In order to evaluate the measurement error of such a scheme, a mechanically controlled reference phase shifter was used.Results. Measurement errors for the probe structure used were calculated based on the assumption of the phase error arising from the vector addition of the controlled and uncontrolled reflected signals at the input of the PAA element, in the section of the reference plane at the input of the probe. In addition, the S-parameters of the superposition section were calculated. The extrema of the error function were used to determine the maximum errors in measuring the phase and amplitude.Conclusion. The performed analysis confirmed the validity of the proposed method for measuring the parameters of phase shifters using a waveguide probe. The measurement error of the PAA elements according to the proposed scheme was found to be about 3 o, which is commensurate with that of recording devices.

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Ojaroudi Parchin, Naser, Mohammad Alibakhshikenari, Haleh Jahanbakhsh Basherlou, Raed A. Abd-Alhameed, Jonathan Rodriguez, and Ernesto Limiti. "MM-Wave Phased Array Quasi-Yagi Antenna for the Upcoming 5G Cellular Communications." Applied Sciences 9, no. 5 (March 8, 2019): 978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9050978.

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The focus of this manuscript was to propose a new phased array antenna design for the fifth generation (5G) mobile platforms. Eight elements of compact Quasi-Yagi antennas were placed on the top portion of smartphone printed circuits board (PCB) to form a beam-steerable phased array design. The −10 dB impedance-bandwidth of proposed 5G smartphone antenna spans from 25 GHz to 27 GHz providing 2 GHz bandwidth with less than −16 dB mutual coupling function. A coax-to-microstripline with a truncated crown of vias around the coaxial cable was used as a feeding mechanism for each radiation element. An Arlon Ad 350 substance with properties of ε = 3.5, δ = 0.003, and h = 0.8 mm was chosen as the antenna substrate. The proposed phased array antenna provides wide-angle scanning of 0°~75° with more than 10 dB realized gain levels. For the scanning angle of 0°~60°, the antenna array provides more than 90% (−0.5 dB) radiation and total efficiencies. In addition, the specific absorption rate (SAR) function and radiation performance of the design in the presence of the user-hand/user-hand have been studied. The results validate the feasibility of the proposed design for use in the 5G handheld devices. Furthermore, using the presented Quasi-Yagi elements, the radiation properties of 2 × 2, 4 × 4, and 8 × 8 planar arrays were studied and more than 8.3, 13.5, and 19.3 dBi directivities have been achieved for the designed planar arrays. The results show that the designed arrays (linear & planar) satisfy the general requirements for use in 5G platforms.

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Kuznetsov, Grigory, Vladimir Temchenko, Maxim Miloserdov, and Dmitry Voskresenskiy. "Modifications of active phased antenna arrays near-field diagnosis method based on compressive sensing." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 11, no. 7 (July 18, 2019): 568–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078719000989.

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AbstractThis paper presents two modifications of compressive sensing (CS)-based approach applied to the near-field diagnosis of active phased arrays. CS-based antenna array diagnosis allows a significant reduction of measurement time, which is crucial for the characterization of electrically large active antenna arrays, e.g. used in synthetic aperture radar. However, practical implementation of this method is limited by two factors: first, it is sensitive to thermal instabilities of the array under test, and second, excitation reconstruction accuracy strongly depends on the accuracy of the elements of the measurement matrix. First proposed modification allows taking into account of thermal instability of the array by using an iterative ℓ1-minimization procedure. The second modification increases the accuracy of reconstruction using several simple additional measurements.

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Firsenkov, Anatoly I., Anton B. Guskov, Alexander S. Smirnov, Vladimir M. Krekhtunov, and Elena V. Komissarova. "Design of integrated Ka-band reflective phased array antenna element." ITM Web of Conferences 30 (2019): 05024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20193005024.

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The results of a constructively simple high-tech small-sized integrated element of the Ka-band electric beam scanning reflective phased array antenna (PAA) development are shown. Beam scanning sector of the phased array antenna is up to 60 by both coordinates. The PAA element is based on the Faraday type waveguide ferrite phase shifter, which works on the circular polarized electromagnetic waves. More than 30000 PAA elements has been produced, 100% control and statistical data processing of their main characteristics has been carried out. Graph for initial phases and steepness of linearized phase characteristics, medium and maximum losses of PAA elements are performed. Average value of the average deviation for parameters which is important for PAA and the beam control system design have been determined. The developed element can be used in PAA which have different sizes, forms and sectors of electrical beam scanning. Small deviations in the characteristics of PAA elements from the linearized characteristics indicate the high quality of the production and their identity, which makes it possible to create PAA without taking into account the real individual parameters of mass-produced PAA elements.

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Anas, Muhammad, Hifsa Shahid, Abdul Rauf, and Abdullah Shahid. "Design of ultra-wide tetra band phased array inverted T-shaped patch antennas using DGS with beam-steering capabilities for 5G applications." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 12, no. 5 (January 14, 2020): 419–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078719001594.

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AbstractA novel 1 × 4 phased array elliptical inverted T-shaped slotted sectored patch antenna with defected ground structure (DGS), resonate at proposed ultra-wide tetra band at 28, 43, 51, and 64 GHz with high gain and beam-steering capabilities is presented. An inverted T-shaped slotted stub is used with the sectored patch to achieve ultra-wideband properties. In order to resonate the antenna at four different bands, DGS of round bracket slot is etched on the ground. The 1 × 4 phased arrays are used at the top edge and bottom edge of mobile PCB with high gain. The simulation results show that the antenna has four ultra-wide bands: 25.8–29.7, 40.6–44.6, 49.2–53.1, and 62.2–74 GHz with a maximum gain of 16.5 dBi at 51 GHz. The phased array antenna is capable to steer its main beam within ±30° at the 26, 28, and 43 GHz, using appropriate phase shifts of each antenna element. The proposed millimeter wave antenna is particularly suitable for cellular infrastructures and can be a candidate for emerging 5G mobile applications. The availability of an additional 11.8 GHz (62.2–74 GHz) of contiguous unlicensed spectrum will allow the launching of new exciting wireless services.

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Gorbachev, A. P., and Yu N. Parshin. "PRINTED DIPOLE 8-BEAM ANTENNA ARRAY WITH CHART-FORMING MATRIX BUTLER ON CONNECTED STRIP LINES." Issues of radio electronics, no. 4 (May 10, 2019): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21778/2218-5453-2019-4-65-70.

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The results of the analysis of the printed 8-beam antenna array with an operating frequency of 2.2 GHz are presented. Charting devices made on the basis of the Butler matrix are widely used in modern telecommunication and radar systems and complexes. Forming in space a fan of independent radiation patterns, such arrays provide both scanning in azimuth and elevation and switching several transmitters to different directions. This ensures a high efficiency of a multipath planar phased antenna array, and reduces its overall dimensions. To test the features of the implementation of the 8-input Butler matrix, an eight-beam dipole phased array antenna was modeled. The results of the system analysis and computer simulation showed that it is possible to print the antenna with acceptable performance.

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Yang, Haigen, Linqun Zhu, Zhun Xia, Yanqing Chen, Luohao Dai, Ruotian Xu, YuanHao Chen, et al. "Research on Quantization Error Influence of Millimeter-Wave Phased Array Antenna." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2021 (September 24, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1874537.

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The millimeter-wave phased array antenna is a higher integration system that is composed of different subarray modules, and in actual engineering, the existing amplitude, phase errors, and structural errors will change the performance of the array antenna. This paper studies the influence of the random amplitude and phase errors of the antenna array in the actual assembly process and the actual position errors between the subarrays on the electrical performance of the antenna. Based on the planar rectangular antenna array-electromagnetic coupling model, we propose a method of verifying the effect of random errors on the phased array antenna. The simulation result shows that the method could obtain the critical value of the error generated by the antenna subarray during processing and assembly. To reduce the error factor, it is necessary to ensure that the random phase and amplitude error should not exceed 10 ° , 0.5 dB . The error in the X-direction during assembly should be ≤ 0.05 λ , and the error in the Y-direction should be ≤ 0.1 λ . When symmetrical deformation occurs, the maximum deformation should be less than 0.05 λ .

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Prasad, L., B. Ramesh, K. S. R. Kumar, and K. P. Vinay. "Design and Implementation of Multiband Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Applications." Advanced Electromagnetics 7, no. 3 (August 19, 2018): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v7i3.646.

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Multiband phased array antennas are required for today’s multi-function communication applications. Generally Microstrip antenna arrays like Kotch array, Sierpinski array are used, but in some circuits where space is limited, arrays are not used. Therefore, to achieve the multiband operation with limited space, an antenna is designed with E-shaped in combination with split ring resonator to achieve the multiband operation. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed antenna operates at four different frequencies, 1.8GHz, 3.6GHz, 4.53GHz and 5.73GHz, which can be used for different wireless applications like GSM 1800 (1.71– 1.78 GHz), WiMAX (3.4-3.69GHz) -IEEE 802.16 standards, Wi-Fi/WLAN (5.15-5.82 GHz). All the simulation results like resonant frequency, return loss, radiation patterns and fabricated antenna measured result is presented in this paper. The antenna is simulated using CST 2014 software.

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Besova, O., V. Karlov, O. Lukashuk, and I. Petryshenko. "DIAGNOSTICS OF HEADLIGHTS FROM NEAR AREA ON PLACE OF BASING." Системи управління, навігації та зв’язку. Збірник наукових праць 3, no. 61 (September 11, 2020): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/sunz.2020.3.124.

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Methods of microwave diagnostics of a phased array allow reconstructing the amplitude-phase distribution in the antenna and implement on this basis methods for adapting the lattice control to those found in the amplitude-phase distribution to defects. The methods of microwave diagnostics from the near zone described in the well-known literature are realizable only in anechoic chambers or on specially equipped training grounds. To solve the problems of adapting a phased antenna array to a technical state and increasing its operating time under extreme conditions, it is necessary to have methods of integrated microwave diagnostics of a phased antenna array at its location. The aim of the article is to develop a method for microwave diagnostics of a phased array antenna, implemented from the near zone of the antenna at its location, and eliminating the influence of echo signals (ES) on the diagnostic results. The article proposes a method for microwave diagnostics of a phased array antenna from the near field, which allows to exclude the influence on the accuracy of diagnostics of the echo signal present at the measuring site and errors in the positioning of the measuring probe. The proposed method will make it possible to implement microwave diagnostics of the antenna from the near field at its location. The results of microwave diagnostics are supposed to be used to implement various methods of adapting a phased array to a technical condition, significantly increasing its life

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Yongfeng Wei, Yongfeng Wei, Chaowei Yuan Chaowei Yuan, Shanguo Huang Shanguo Huang, Xinlu Gao Xinlu Gao, Jing Zhou Jing Zhou, Xi Han Xi Han, and Wanyi Gu Wanyi Gu. "Optical true time-delay for two-dimensional phased array antennas using compact fiber grating prism." Chinese Optics Letters 11, no. 10 (2013): 100606–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201311.100606.

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Kuzmin, S. V., K. O. Korovin, and T. R. Raimzhanov. "An Implementation of Interactive Application for the Synthesis of Communication Systems with Antenna Arrays." Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics 23, no. 2 (April 28, 2020): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2020-23-2-46-54.

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Introduction. Modern radar and communications systems contain phased array antennas. One of the synthesis problems of such systems is the formulation of requirements for components, modules and units which are comprised in it. To solve this problem, one needs to build a coverage area and to analyze an impact of characteristics of its parts. The quality of analysis and synthesis of such complex systems can be enhanced by use of interactive data visualization, which requires a fairly quick calculation of characteristics.Aim. Development of an interactive application for increasing the synthesis capabilities of communication systems containing antenna arrays and for improving the characteristics of systems of interest.Materials and methods. To accelerate the calculation of radiation patterns, the antenna array pattern in a form suitable for the fast Fourier transform algorithm was used. To find the required amplitude-phase distributions, Kotelnikov series expansion and genetic algorithm were used.Results. In the developed application, amplitude-phase distribution, directivity pattern of a linear equidistant array and coverage area were displayed. An interactive change of the amplitude-phase distribution at radiation elements and synthesized radiation patterns in given directions were possible. With introduction of changes to the radiation pattern, the amplitude-phase distribution and the array radiation pattern itself changed in directions other than the specified one. The coverage area was rebuilt when any of the characteristics changes. If necessary, the coverage area display could be turned off. The paper provides an example of using the application in the synthesis of a communication system with an aircraft.Conclusion. The use of the developed application allows one to extend the capabilities and significantly reduce the analysis and synthesis time of the communication secondary radar systems with antenna arrays too. Besides, the application is used for training specialists for industry enterprises.

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Pan, Dian Fei, Jian Hua Hao, Nai Ping Cheng, and Xiao Jie Dou. "A Flexible Hemispherical Coverage Array Antenna Based on Multi-Planar Arrays." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 3634–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.3634.

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A flexible hemispherical coverage array antenna based on multi-planar arrays is proposed to meet the growing demands for multi-target TT&C. The advantages and disadvantages of multi-planar arrays and dome phased in engineering implement are compared. Meanwhile, the influence of different number of plane arrays on antenna pattern is analyzed. For the purpose of interference suppression a novel beamforming method by adding constraint conditions is analyzed to enhance the performance of antenna for TT&C system. System simulation is done based on the multi-planar arrays antenna. The feasibility of hemispherical coverage and the performance of anti-jamming are verified. Finally, a comprehensive summary is given.

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Bradseel, P. "Practical Phased Array Antenna Systems." Electronics & Communications Engineering Journal 4, no. 3 (1992): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ecej:19920028.

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Milyakov, D. A., V. S. Verba, V. I. Merkulov, and A. S. Plyashechnik. "Quadcopter active phased antenna array." Procedia Computer Science 186 (2021): 628–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.04.185.

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Ahmed, Osama, and Abdel-Razik Sebak. "Mutual Coupling Effect on Ultrawideband Linear Antenna Array Performance." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2011 (2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/142581.

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This paper studies the mutual coupling effect between array elements of two- and four-element ultrawideband (UWB) linear arrays on their performances. For simplicity, it is assumed that both antenna arrays are fed by independent microstrip lines with the same power amplitudes and equal phases. From our study, array bandwidth improvement is achieved for both array types when the mutual coupling is strong enough or interelement spacing is small. The mutual coupling also enhances the array realized gain especially in the midfrequency band (5–8.5 GHz) while it deteriorates the gain outside that frequency range. Proper tuning for interelement spacing with enough mutual coupling enhances the array realized gain at most frequencies and makes it more stable across the desired frequency range. From the radiation pattern results, the grating lobes appear in UWB arrays when the element spacing is greater than two wavelengths at the upper edge frequency, 10.6 GHz, or half wavelength at the lower edge frequency 3.1 GHz. Two fabricated array prototypes with corporate feed are fabricated and tested to validate the theoretical analysis. The effect of usingT-junction power divider is clear on the reflection coefficient|S11|. Both numerically simulated and experimental results successfully demonstrate our analysis.

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Kozieł, Sławomir, Stanislav Ogurtsov, and Adrian Bekasiewicz. "Suppressing Side-Lobes of Linear Phased Array of Micro-Strip Antennas with Simulation-Based Optimization." Metrology and Measurement Systems 23, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mms-2016-0022.

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Abstract A simulation-based optimization approach to design of phase excitation tapers for linear phased antenna arrays is presented. The design optimization process is accelerated by means of Surrogate-Based Optimization (SBO); it uses a coarse-mesh surrogate of the array element for adjusting the array’s active reflection coefficient responses and a fast surrogate of the antenna array radiation pattern. The primary optimization objective is to minimize side-lobes in the principal plane of the radiation pattern while scanning the main beam. The optimization outcome is a set of element phase excitation tapers versus the scan angle. The design objectives are evaluated at the high fidelity level of description using simulations of the discrete electromagnetic model of the entire array so that the effects of element coupling and other possible interaction within the array structure are accounted for. At the same time, the optimization process is fast due to SBO. Performance and numerical cost of the approach are demonstrated by optimizing a 16-element linear array of microstrip antennas. Experimental verification has been carried out for a manufactured prototype of the optimized array. It demonstrates good agreement between the radiation patterns obtained from simulations and from physical measurements (the latter constructed through superposition of the measured element patterns).

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Juárez, Elizvan, Marco A. Panduro, Alberto Reyna, David H. Covarrubias, Aldo Mendez, and Eduardo Murillo. "Design of Concentric Ring Antenna Arrays Based on Subarrays to Simplify the Feeding System." Symmetry 12, no. 6 (June 8, 2020): 970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12060970.

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The global synthesis for antenna arrays that produce a desired radiation pattern is a scientific symmetry problem. This paper deals with the design of concentric ring antenna arrays to simplify the feeding system using a cophasal subarray configuration. This simplification in the feeding network is achieved by the reduction of phase shifters via a proper clustering of radiators applying one amplitude and one phase excitation by subarray in the array system. The array design for this geometry considers an optimization process based in differential evolution to reduce the side-lobe level, resulting in simplification of the feeding network. Simulation results based on CST Microwave Studio and HFSS are provided to verify the accuracy of the array model and to take mutual coupling into account. These simulations are provided using a circular patch as antenna element to generate a scannable array pattern over the elevation plane. Furthermore, an analysis of the manufacturing tolerances was made to verify the reliability of our design.

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Konno, Keisuke, Qiaowei Yuan, and Qiang Chen. "Ninja array antenna: novel approach for low backscattering phased array antenna." IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 12, no. 3 (January 18, 2018): 346–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2017.0496.

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Baghchehsaraei, Zargham, Alexander Vorobyov, Jan Åberg, Erwan Fourn, Ronan Sauleau, and Joachim Oberhammer. "Waveguide‐integrated MEMS‐based phase shifter for phased array antenna." IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 8, no. 4 (March 2014): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2013.0256.

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Kim, Jinhyun, Moon-Kyu Cho, and Jeong-Geun Kim. "A multimode phase shifter for S-band phased array antenna." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 60, no. 8 (June 15, 2018): 1921–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.31270.

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Shi, Wei, Jun Zhou, Zuping Qian, and Ya Shen. "Analysis and experimental studies of compact polarization tracking modules for Ku band phased array antennas." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 5, no. 5 (July 2, 2013): 629–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078713000603.

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Detailed analysis of the polarization tracking modules for Ku band active phased array antennas is presented. The proposed transmitter (14.0–14.5 GHz) and receiver (12.25–12.75 GHz) modules are based on the low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technique, containing orthogonal dual channels with different phases controlled by phase shifters. The effect of amplitude and phase inconsistency between two channels on polarization tracking performance is analyzed. The validity of the analysis is verified by the measurements of the manufactured prototypes. The measured patterns of the active phased array antenna are given to illustrate the effects of the modules on polarization agility, which may be used for Ku band satellite antennas on mobile terminals.

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Mary Sindhuja, N. M., and S. Kanthamani. "Three-Bit DMTL Phase Shifter for Phased Array Antennas." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 28, no. 07 (June 27, 2019): 1950112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126619501123.

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RF MEMS phase shifter is a device that is used to modify the transmission phase of RF signal and provide signal control. Phase shifters are high-value components used in phased array antenna architectures. In phased array antenna the phase shifter is used to provide reliable electronic beam steering. The proposed 3-bit distributed MEMS transmission line (DMTL) phase shifter is designed using elevated coplanar waveguide (ECPW) transmission line for the first time, which results in better return loss of [Formula: see text]14.23[Formula: see text]dB and an average insertion loss of [Formula: see text]1.46[Formula: see text]dB. This paper discusses the development of ECPW-based 3-bit DMTL phase shifter designed to operate at 15[Formula: see text]GHz.

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Park, Daesung, Juho Yun, Youn Kwon Jung, Donghyeok Jang, Keum Cheol Hwang, and Jaehoon Choi. "Active Phased Array Antenna Calibration Using Skeleton Array." Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences 45, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): 1843–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2020.45.11.1843.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Phased antena array'

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