Dissertations / Theses: 'PHC'

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Selden, Suzanne M. "PHC : unravelling a maze." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5976.

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The thesis explores the complexities of primary health care in a setting characterised as being both isolated and remote, and in the process identifies factors critical for developing successful PHC programs in such settings and more broadly. The four questions underpinning the study are 1) is a PHC approach relevant to the chosen small remote Australian community; 2) to what extent was a PHC approach being implemented; 3) what are the barriers and enablers to developing and implementing a PHC approach; and 4) what are the crucial factors for PHC programs in similar communities. The first chapter provides the background to the study, beginning with the range of descriptions of primary health care and the many themes needed to understand how it plays out in a small community. The Menindee community and some of the local health service players are introduced. Chapter Two explores complexity theory and complex adaptive systems and its relevance to organisations and managing change, particularly in complex environments. Chapter Three examines the evolution of primary health care, its philosophy, principles and elements as both a model of health care and of development. Chapter Four addresses social determinants, the life course and the long-term effects of inequity, before considering current factors that impact on health and health services. These include the beginning and end of the life course and those in the ‘middle’ where the effects of the obesity and diabetes epidemics are being played out at a younger age. The chapter concludes by noting common themes across the three chapters. Chapter Five describes the research design and methods. A case study using mixed methods was chosen and the theoretical framework provides an exploration of complexity and transdisciplinarity. What changed during the course of the study, questions of scope and its limitations are stated. Chapter Six is a quantitative analysis of the study community, which examines community demographics, the life course, a summary of adult and child health, and service use. These enable an understanding of the community profile, its uniqueness and its similarity to other communities that might benefit from a comprehensive PHC approach. The questions to be explored in the qualitative phase are identified. Chapter Seven is a qualitative study of the community in the midst of change. An individual interview guide approach was used and representatives from the community, local and regional health service providers were interviewed. Chapter Eight provides a synthesis of the two studies as they address themes from the complexity, PHC and social inequity literature. Five themes had particular significance to the study community: social determinants and Indigenous health; community size, resilience and change; chronic disease programs and prevention; vulnerable groups; and a complex adaptive systems perspective. The second section answers the four study questions. The thesis concludes with a discussion of PHC rhetoric and reality, the relevance of the study and its limitations, and issues requiring further research when considering primary health care in smaller communities.

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Selden, Suzanne M. "PHC : unravelling a maze." University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5976.

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Doctor of Philosophy(PhD)
The thesis explores the complexities of primary health care in a setting characterised as being both isolated and remote, and in the process identifies factors critical for developing successful PHC programs in such settings and more broadly. The four questions underpinning the study are 1) is a PHC approach relevant to the chosen small remote Australian community; 2) to what extent was a PHC approach being implemented; 3) what are the barriers and enablers to developing and implementing a PHC approach; and 4) what are the crucial factors for PHC programs in similar communities. The first chapter provides the background to the study, beginning with the range of descriptions of primary health care and the many themes needed to understand how it plays out in a small community. The Menindee community and some of the local health service players are introduced. Chapter Two explores complexity theory and complex adaptive systems and its relevance to organisations and managing change, particularly in complex environments. Chapter Three examines the evolution of primary health care, its philosophy, principles and elements as both a model of health care and of development. Chapter Four addresses social determinants, the life course and the long-term effects of inequity, before considering current factors that impact on health and health services. These include the beginning and end of the life course and those in the ‘middle’ where the effects of the obesity and diabetes epidemics are being played out at a younger age. The chapter concludes by noting common themes across the three chapters. Chapter Five describes the research design and methods. A case study using mixed methods was chosen and the theoretical framework provides an exploration of complexity and transdisciplinarity. What changed during the course of the study, questions of scope and its limitations are stated. Chapter Six is a quantitative analysis of the study community, which examines community demographics, the life course, a summary of adult and child health, and service use. These enable an understanding of the community profile, its uniqueness and its similarity to other communities that might benefit from a comprehensive PHC approach. The questions to be explored in the qualitative phase are identified. Chapter Seven is a qualitative study of the community in the midst of change. An individual interview guide approach was used and representatives from the community, local and regional health service providers were interviewed. Chapter Eight provides a synthesis of the two studies as they address themes from the complexity, PHC and social inequity literature. Five themes had particular significance to the study community: social determinants and Indigenous health; community size, resilience and change; chronic disease programs and prevention; vulnerable groups; and a complex adaptive systems perspective. The second section answers the four study questions. The thesis concludes with a discussion of PHC rhetoric and reality, the relevance of the study and its limitations, and issues requiring further research when considering primary health care in smaller communities.

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Cook, Philip R. "Limitations and Extensions of the WoLF-PHC Algorithm." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2109.pdf.

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Lopes, Ana Maria Arruda Ferreira Marques. "Employer branding em empresas B2B : o caso da PHC Software, S.A." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14567.

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Mestrado em Ciências Empresariais
O Employer Branding de uma empresa é essencial na atração de candidatos e na retenção de colaboradores. As empresas procuram destacar-se das demais, criando a sua marca de empregador, marca esta que deve ser comunicada para o exterior. No que toca a empresas Business to Business surgem algumas dificuldades nesta comunicação. Este trabalho é um estudo de caso que tem como objetivo compreender de que forma é que as organizações definem e promovem a sua marca de empregador, tentando perceber as dificuldades das empresas B2B e as estratégias que as mesmas utilizam para as ultrapassar. A PHC Software, S.A., uma empresa que desenvolve software de gestão e que atua no mercado B2B foi escolhida para este estudo. Foram consultados diversos documentos internos da empresa e recolhida bastante informação por observação direta. As informações obtidas permitiram entender melhor a visão da empresa sobre a temática estudada e confirmar a importância do Employer Branding para o sucesso das empresas B2B, especialmente no setor das tecnologias da informação.
Employer Branding is essential in attracting candidates and retaining employees. The companies try to stand out from the others, creating their employer brand, a brand that must be communicated to the outside. As far as Business to Business is concerned, there are some difficulties in this communication. This paper is a case study that aims to understand how organizations define and promote their employer brand, trying to understand the difficulties of B2B companies and the strategies they use to overcome them. PHC Software, S.A., a company that develops management software and operates in the B2B market was chosen for this study. Several internal documents of the company were consulted and information was collected by direct observation. The information obtained allowed us to better understand the company's view on the subject studied and confirm the importance of Employer Branding to the success of B2B companies, especially in the information technology sector.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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Obioha, EE, and MG Molale. "Functioning and Challenges of Primary Health Care (PHC) Program in Roma Valley, Lesotho." Ethno Med, 2011. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000710.

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Primary Health Care (PHC) plays a vital role in decentralization of health care services. PHC is designed to ensure health care coverage at the community level through the involvement of the community in improving their healthy living. PHC offers treatment and care in continuum that is supported by a facility-linked home- based care system and a referral system. While PHC is global, its operation and functioning in the area of community health provisioning varies across communities. The main objective of this study is to find out whether PHC is effective or not in Roma Valley, Lesotho. The study was carried out in Roma Valley, in the Maseru district of Lesotho. The population for this study includes the nurses under the department of PHC, village health workers, Chiefs and out-patients from four different villages. Out of this, a sample of thirty individuals was selected. The data for this study was collected through qualitative research technique, particularly oral interviews and written records or secondary data sources. The analysis revealed that nurses and village health workers respond to the social needs and health problems of the community and community members are also involved in improving their health status. Village health workers face many challenges in their engagement in this system such as not being given incentives for what they do and often uncooperative disposition of some community members including their leaders. It was also found that they operate under a lot of stress due to lack of resources.

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Matsheke, Thembakazi. "A cost analysis of rural primary health care (PHC) services in KwaZulu-Natal." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9322.

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Includes bibliographical references.
It has been found that South Africa has very limited costing information of health services at both primary and higher levels of care. Therefore, a study was conducted in Ingwavuma health district, a rural setting in KZN, evaluating costs of primary health care (PHC) services. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the costs of providing PHC services in a rural setting and to compare costs of providing PHC services at different levels of care. Costs data were collected through interview and record reviews from Manguzi hospital, a district hospital, and nine clinics operating within the hospital's catchment area. Cost comparisons between Manguzi clinics and between the clinic and hospital levels were undertaken. Variations in terms of costs between similar facilities (clinics) were discovered, with some clinics being more costly compared to others. Such variations can be explained by some input costs, e.g. personnel which varied considerably between facilities. Variations in the personnel costs between similar facilities were found to be linked with staff distribution patterns and facility utilisation. In addition, variations in terms of costs were also discovered between services provided within one facility. For instance, expenditure ﬁgures revealed that the largest proportion of resources was spent on curative services. Tuberculosis and mental health services consumed a minimum amount of resources, namely about 1%. Further comparison of Manguzi results with those of the Centre for Health Policy (CHP) was undertaken. Costs analyses of PHC services provided at Manguzi clinics with similar facilities compared to other sites. namely Agincourt (a rural setting), and Alexandra Health Centre (AHC) (an urban setting), were undertaken. Manguzi and Agincourt have similar costs of PHC services. However, AHC has relatively higher costs compared to the other two sites. This is probably because Manguzi and Agincourt are both rural. Finally, analysis on scaling-up PHC services in Manguzi to the essential package target of 3.5 utilisations per person per year shows that there would be no additional staff costs required. The current staffing levels in Manguzi seem to be sufficient to provide a comprehensive PHC package of 3.5 visits per person per year.

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Sahito, Hadi Bakhsh Wirat Kamsrichan. "Participation of village health volunteers in PHC in Phuttamonthon Distric, Nakhonpathom Province, Thailand /." Abstract, 2005. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2548/cd375/4737960.pdf.

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Quispe, Umpire Madily Graetzel. "Informe jurídico de la sentencia 468/2020 del expediente N° 04417-2016-PHC/TC." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/20096.

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La Constitución Política del Perú reconoce en su artículo 149 la función jurisdiccional de las Comunidades Campesinas y Nativas con el apoyo de las Rondas Campesinas; sin embargo, en la Sentencia 468/2020 del Tribunal Constitucional, emitida el 23 de julio de 2020, se desconoce las competencias de las Rondas Campesinas al considerar que estas solo cuentan como apoyo de la función jurisdiccional de las Comunidades Campesinas. Al respecto, este informe busca demostrar que, de la emisión de esta Sentencia, se ha vulnerado derechos sobre las Comunidades Campesinas y en el caso en cuestión, sobre la Ronda Campesina del Caserío Las Malvinas toda vez que se declaró fundada la demanda de Habeas Corpus impuesta por José Santos Castillo Fernández. Para ello, se realiza el análisis de las normas nacionales e internacionales vinculantes para el reconocimiento de las competencias de las Rondas Campesinas en relación a un Estado pluricultural y además observar la falta de motivación en relación a la vulneración de los derechos sobre José Santos Castillo Fernández quién fue sancionado por la Comunidad por faltar a la Asamblea General del Caserío Las Malvinas. Finalmente, en relación a lo observado sobre la sentencia, objeto de análisis, se determina la escasez de la interculturalidad de la administración de justicia y las contradicciones del Tribunal Constitucional al desconocer competencias de las Rondas Campesinas para ejercer jurisdicción dentro de las Comunidades en las que se desenvuelven.

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Adindu, Anthonia U. "The effect of incongruity on quality of health information systems : Bama, Nigeria PHC case study." Thesis, University of Hull, 1995. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3692.

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Generally, organisations mobilise information from varying sources on which policies, plans, objectives and organisational management are predicated. indeed, everyone within organisation needs information to perform tasks, it is thus indispensable and its use so pervasive that a methodical approach for collection and processing is imperative. In health care organisations, involved with people and life, this is even of greater significance, in many instances allowable margin of error is narrow and can be devastating.Accurate and reliable information in clinical care for example cannot be compromised.On the other hand, adequate assessment of health services quality,effectiveness and efficiency depends on quality of information generated by the system, that is, accurate, relevant, timely, understandable and complete information. To achieve this, appropriate system design and operation is essential. Adoption of primary health care (PHC), in many developing countries in response to the Global 2000, necessitated establishment of chanisms for monitoring and evaluating effectiveness of services and programmes.Accordingly, in 1986 PHC was adopted in Nigeria, concomitantly, system monitoring and evaluation or the PHC Management Information System was effexted.The information system was envisaged to ameliorate the lack of reliable health information that has persisted since nception of modern health services in Nigeria. Findings in this and other studies indicate that existing health information systems have failed to provide accurate and reliable information, systems of data generation and processing are ineffective.The aim of this was to identify and understand factors that have contributed to the seemingly intractable and insalubrious information problem within the Nigerian health care system. It would be a herculean task for a lone researcher to undertake study of the entire health system, within resource and time limitations, data collection was therefore narrowed to the PHC level. Quality of the PHC management information system was assessed, with Bama Local Government as a case study. Focus was on understanding the information system's structure from a broad perspective to include, policies, objectives,established procedures; physical, material and human resources, in terms of their quality and quantity.Data collection was carried out using both qualitative and quantitative techniques. The structure, process and outcome models provided a framework for in-depth data collection, through observation, interview, review of records and administration of questionnaire, as well as for organisation and analysis of research data. The PHC MIS was followed through, from the village, health facility, local government, state and national levels.Study results suggest general ineffectiveness due to pervasive incongruity in the information system. In the first instance design of the MIS did not reflect information needs of community health workers and the community in general,who to the most part limited appreciation of the MIS structure, objectives to be achieved. Local and regional information need was not delineated, data collected had little relevance to local information needs, resource for systems operation was abysmal, skilled personnel and training provided severely inadequate.Consequently, data collection and processing was hampered, information produced often inaccurate, untimely, immense, irrelevant and unreliable. Data collected were neither analysed nor utilised. The information system was short of being integrated since 60% of functional units within the PHC department as well as related health organisations in the community ran parallel information systems.Research data point to serious incongruity in the organisation and management of the information system. Incongruity that resulted from factors within the organisation as well derived from events within the wider social environment, which however culminated in an effective and dysfunctional information system.Chapters one to three of the thesis deal with conceptual issues related to management information systems, organisational design and quality respectively. In chapter four methodological issues surrounding data collection were discussed. Empirical data and analysis are presented are presented in chapters five to seven. In chapter eight, an attempt was made to develop a model of organisational incongruity, applied to explicate research findings.Chapter nine focuses on measures toward establishment of an effective PHC information system in Nigeria, contributions of this study and suggestions for future research.

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Tamara, Coronel Keshia. "Informe Jurídico sobre la Sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional recaída en el Expediente N° 00655-2010-PHC/TC." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/19998.

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El presente Informe Jurídico analiza la Sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional recaía en el Expediente N° 00655-2010-PHC/TC, el cual resuelve el recurso de Hábeas Corpus interpuesto por la defensa de Alberto Químper Herrera, miembro del directorio de la empresa estatal Perúpetro, quién habría participado en negociaciones junto a Rómulo León, ex ministro aprista, a fin de favorecer la entrega de lotes petroleros a la empresa noruega Discover Petrolum. Dichas negociaciones se dieron a conocer debido a interceptaciones telefónicas que sufrieron los suscritos. A pesar que, el Tribunal Constitucional declaró improcedente la demanda, tuvo a bien pronunciarse respecto al manejo de dichos audios provenientes de “chuponeo” por parte de la justicia, los cuales son considerados prueba prohibida. Asimismo, el Tribunal advierte que el uso de interceptaciones telefónicas ilícitas por parte de los medios de comunicación puede acarrear responsabilidad penal. En ese sentido, se buscará analizar y tomar posición frente a lo esbozado por el Tribunal Constitucional, de cara a la normativa, jurisprudencia y doctrina jurídica respecto a la improcedencia de un Hábeas Corpus contra una resolución judicial, la prueba prohibida y la censura previa.
This Legal Report analyzes the decision of the Constitutional Tribunal in the Case No. 00655-2010-PHC/TC, which resolves the Habeas Corpus appeal filed by the defense of Alberto Químper Herrera, member of the board of directors of the state company Perúpetro, who allegedly participated in negotiations together with Rómulo León, former minister from APRA. This in order to take advantage of the delivery of oil lots to the Norwegian company Discover Petrolum. These negotiations became known due to telephone interceptions suffered by the subscribers. Despite the Constitutional Court declared the lawsuit inadmissible, it was kind enough to pronounce on the handling of such audios coming from "tapping" by the justice system, which are considered prohibited evidence. Likewise, the Court warns that the use of illicit telephone interceptions by the media may entail criminal liability. In this sense, we will to analyze and take a position on what was outlined by the Constitutional Court, in view of the regulations, jurisprudence and legal doctrine regarding the inadmissibility of a Habeas Corpus against a judicial decision, the prohibited evidence and the prior censorship.

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Gladwin, Jean. "An informational approach to health management in low-income countries." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1999. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3491/.

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This thesis investigates the introduction of new information management strategies intended to promote an informational approach to management at the operational health service level in low-income countries. There is a lack of in-depth empirical research into the health information systems planning and implementation process in low-income countries which develops an understanding based on existing theory and research. Furthermore, a training package for managers, which is intended to strengthen health information management in low-income countries, has been introduced without independent evaluation. In order to understand the practice and attempts at improving information support to district level management in low-income countries, two ethnographic case studies are presented. The first follows the introduction of PHC MAP, the package mentioned, and the second follows the implementation of a non- computer-based health management information system in Uganda. The research methodology is informed by several approaches which fit within the interpretative, rather than the positivist tradition. Hence, the research question developed from the desire to understand and examine empirical situations. Furthermore, an exploratory approach was utilised rather than identifying theoretical frameworks prior to the field investigation. After the initial fieldwork, the diffusion of innovation framework, the concept of organisational forces existing in dynamic equilibrium, and different information systems development methodologies proved useful in interpreting the evidence collected. My research indicates that the design of PHC MAP and the health management information system focused on technological issues, to the detriment of the wider issues of technological innovation management, and organisational change. The implications of this research, for the practice of introducing new information strategies in order to develop an informational approach to management, are explored.

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Coovadia, Mohamed Yusuf. "Identification and evaluation of patient satisfaction determinants in medical service delivery systems within the South African private healthcare industry." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23094.

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The aim of the study was to identify, evaluate and compare the determinants of patient satisfaction in fee-for-service, and health maintenance organisation (HMO), medical service delivery centres. Staff at both centres, who were also patients, were surveyed to determine the congruence with patients’ quality improvement priorities. The survey was conducted using a questionnaire consisting of closed questions given to patients as they departed from the medical centres. The questionnaire was tested for convergent and divergent validity, content analysis and reliability. A rating scale was then applied to yield the scores for each determinant. The unique Patient Satisfaction Priority Index was determined using determinants that were rated low on satisfaction but high on importance. The results revealed that patients at the fee- for- service medical centre were significantly more satisfied than patients at the HMO. The priority index for patients were found to be different to that of the staff at both medical centres, proving that staff and patient priorities were incongruent. Accordingly, the recommendations were that patient satisfaction be continuously evaluated at medical service delivery centres, in order to achieve a competitive advantage, sustainability and growth in South Africa’s highly competitive private healthcare industry. Copyright
Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted

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Mirchandani, Karuna. "Knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of PHC nurses with regard to oral HIV in Bisho district in Eastern Cape." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5734.

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Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) (Community Oral Health)
Primary Health Care Nurses play an important role in HIV care. HIV related oral manifestations have been present since the beginning of AIDS pandemic (Shiboski et al, 2009). There are studies that have shown 60 -70% of the HIV infected patients will have oral lesions, as the first sign of HIV infection (Lewis et al, 2000). Oral cavity screening has been neglected in the primary healthcare clinics (PHC) and in most primary health care facilities. The HIV related oral lesions have a negative impact on the health of patients and this could be managed at primary health care level. In developing countries like South Africa, where resources, such as laboratory tests are limited, the presence of HIV related oral disease can be used to �stage� HIV disease. The oral cavity has gained importance as an indicator of HIV infection. A simple visual oral assessment of the mouth can help early detection and a timeous referral could result in early medical intervention, and improved patient quality of life. There is a need for care, support and addressing stigma and discrimination for those living with HIV. The PHC nurses are crucial in optimal patient management through patient identification, education and early referral for professional care.

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Esau, Natasha. "An assessment of the ‘PHC Facility Governance Structures Trainer-of-Facilitator Learning Programme’ in Nkangala District, Mpumalanga Province." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29882.

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Background In South Africa, as part of specified governance requirements, clinic committees were established to provide management oversight at Primary Health Care facilities. In order for them to better understand their roles they needed training. Facilitators in the district were selected to participate in the 'PHC Facility Governance Structures Trainer-of-Facilitator (ToF) Learning Programme’ in order to train the clinic committees. This study assessed the training of facilitators. Methods This retrospective single case study used qualitative methods and was guided by the Illuminative Evaluation Framework. It assessed whether the aims, objectives and methodology of the training programme was clearly conveyed by the trainers, whether this was understood by the participants and whether the participants were able to transfer the training programme as intended to the clinic committees. Qualitative data were collected through key informant interviews and focus group discussions, face to face and telephonically. These were complimented by a document and literature review. Study participants were purposively selected based on their involvement in the development, facilitation or training of the programme. Interviews were conducted in English, with semi-structured open ended questions pertaining to participants’ perceptions and understanding of the training, and whether the ToF Learning Programme was delivered to the clinic committees. After participants signed consent forms interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data analysis was done manually and guided by the methodology presented by Ritchie and Lewis. Results A total of 13 participants participated in the study and 23 (national, provincial and partner) documents were reviewed. Despite the different perceptions and understandings of the ToF Learning Programme its overall goal was achieved. Participants’ capacity was strengthened and they trained the clinic committees. The document review showed inconsistency across legislations with regards to clinic committees. Conclusion The ToF Learning Programme has reached its overall goal despite the deviation in the process of delivery and can be recommended for implementation

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Guimarães, Nelson. "Estudo do impacto do novo sistema de gestão hotelaria PHC, nas messes militares da guarnição de Lisboa com alojamento." Master's thesis, Academia Militar. Direção de Ensino, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/7634.

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O Trabalho de Investigação Aplicada que se apresenta encontra-se subordinado ao tema “Estudo do impacto do novo sistema de gestão hoteleira PHC, nas Messes Militares da guarnição de Lisboa com alojamento”. Esta investigação insere-se no domínio da defesa, incidindo na esfera de interesse do Exército Português em geral e das Messes Militares em particular. As Messes Militares foram no passado recente e continuam a ser na atualidade, alvo de debates pelas entidades competentes, no que diz respeito à continuidade das mesmas. Atendendo aos recentes debates referidos e à atual instabilidade económico-financeira vivenciada em Portugal, torna-se vital para as Messes Militares assegurarem também a eficiência além da eficácia, pois a escassez de recursos assume-se cada vez mais como uma tendência crescente. Assim, no âmbito das Messes Militares no que concerne às tecnologias da informação em particular, surge o tema desta investigação, a qual tem como objetivo geral aferir a influência do software PHC Enterprise Client/Server na prossecução do serviço e gestão das Messes Militares referidas. A metodologia utilizada nesta investigação tem por base três fases distintas, designadamente a fase exploratória, analítica e conclusiva. Os dados foram obtidos através da realização de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, bem como, através da aplicação de inquéritos. Conclui-se nesta investigação que o controlo e a informação fornecida pelo software PHC Enterprise Client/Server, permitem ao Coordenador e aos Gerentes das Messes Militares referidas efetivarem a sua ação de gestão em tempo oportuno, reduzindo o desperdício e a probabilidade de utilização indevida de recursos colocados à disposição dos funcionários. Apesar do défice de formação evidenciado pelos operadores, a automatização proporcionada pelo referido software, contribui para a melhoria da qualidade do serviço. Em suma, o referido software produz um impacto claramente positivo, permitindo às Messes Militares concretizarem as suas missões de forma mais eficiente e sustentável.
Abstract The Applied Research Work that shows is entitled "Study of the impact of the new hotel management system PHC in Military Messes garrisoned in Lisbon with accommodation." This research falls within the field of defense, focusing on the area of interest of the Portuguese Army in general and the Military Messes in particular. The Military Messes were, in the recent past, and continue to be in the present, subject to discussions by the authorities, with regard to the continuity of the same. Given the recent debates and referred to the current economic and financial instability experienced in Portugal, it is vital to also ensure the Military Messes’ efficiency in addition to effectiveness, as the scarcity of resources is increasingly assumed as a growing trend. Thus, under the Military Messes with regard to information technologies in particular, comes the theme of this research, which aims to assess the influence of general software PHC Enterprise Client/Server in pursuit of service and management of the said Military Messes. The methodology used in this research is based on three distinct phases, namely exploratory, analytical and conclusive phases. The data were obtained by conducting a literature search, as well as through the application of surveys. In this investigation we conclude that the control and information provided by the PHC Enterprise Client/Server software, allows the Coordinator and Managers of the referred Military Messes to take their management actions in a timely manner, reducing waste and the likelihood of misuse of funds available to staff. Despite the lack of training evidenced by the operators, the automation provided by that software contributes to improving the quality of service. In short, such software produces a clearly positive impact, enabling Military Messes to fulfill their missions in a more efficient and sustainable way.

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Ameermia, Miriam Ginette. "The integration of psychological services into primary health care (PHC) in South Africa : tensions in theory, policy and practice." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4878.

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Thesis (MA (Psychology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This literature review follows the early origins of the integration of psychological services into Primary Health Care (PHC) to its promulgation by law under the new dispensation in South Africa post-1994. With a recent re-commitment in 2008 by government to PHC for health service delivery, the biomedical orientation of PHC is inherently problematic as the location for psychological services and runs contrary to a comprehensive discourse of care as envisioned locally and by the World Health Organisation (WHO). With such shifts in policy at a macro level and in a context in which the relevance of psychological theorising and praxis is under scrutiny, this review has highlighted that a bottom-up approach is necessitated; specifically one that will facilitate a convergence between policy, theory and practice, with its foundations informed by research.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie literatuuroorsig begin by die vroeë beginpunt waar sielkundige dienste by Primêre Gesondheidsorg (PHC) ingelyf is, en volg die gebeure tot waar nuwe wetgewing hieroor in die nuwe post-1994-dispensasie in Suid-Afrika uitgevaardig is. Met die regering wat homself in 2008 herverbind het tot PHC vir gesondheiddiensverskaffing is die biomediese fokus van PHC vir sielkundige dienste inherent problematies, omdat dit in teenstelling met omvattende diskoers oor versorging staan, soos dit plaaslik en deur die Wêreldgesondheidsorgorganisasie (WHO) in die vooruitsig gestel word. Met makrovlakverskuiwings in beleid en in konteks waarin die toepaslikheid van teoretisering en praktyk op die gebied van die sielkunde onder die loep is, beklemtoon hierdie verslag dit dat onder-na-bo-benadering nodig is; spesifiek een wat sameloping tussen beleid, teorie en praktyk sal fasiliteer, en wat gegrond is op navorsing.

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Belanger, Marc Andrew. "Determinants of health care seeking behaviour in the Pahou PHC project in the People's Republic of Benin : an exploratory study." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68072.

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The goal of this study is to identify factors which may be preventing use of an experimental health care program in the People's Republic of Benin. While previous surveys have focused more specifically on the impact of fees on use and demand, our aim to identify a wider range of factors.
There are two principle methods by which this can be done. One is to extract possible factors from a review of the relevant literature. The other is to carry out an exploratory, qualitative study in the field. We have used both these methods.
A qualitative study is a necessary prelude to a survey, since we initially have no specific idea about which factors to measure and investigate. The aim is to identify factors which may be relevant so that a subsequent survey, with a larger number of cases, could quantify and measure their influence and statistical significance.

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Espejo, Marin Jacqueline. "Implementación de la estrategia de marketing de PHC España- Programa de CIM: desarrollo de la mezcla de comunicación de marketing." Thesis, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, 2013. http://catarina.udlap.mx/u_dl_a/tales/documentos/lni/espejo_m_j/.

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El siguiente trabajo representa el proyecto de titulación como requisito para la obtención de la Licenciatura en Administración de Negocios Internacionales, y se deriva de la realización de Prácticas Profesionales en la compañía Plant Health Care España. Plant Health Care (PHC) es una empresa líder en la formulación de productos biotecnológicos, para el cuidado de la salud de las plantas en la horticultura, el cuidado de césped, la industria forestal y la recuperación de suelos. PHC formula un amplio rango de productos microbiológicos, combinando servicios de marketing y asistencia técnica para que sus clientes puedan obtener el mayor beneficio al aplicarlos. Así mismo, cuenta con subsidiarias que operan en los Estados Unidos de América, México, el Reino Unido, la Península Ibérica y los Países Bajos. PHC España opera en la península Ibérica desde la provincia de Cádiz. La gama de productos que ofrece la compañía apuntan hacia la horticultura, la fruticultura y el césped de alto rendimiento mediante tecnologías de última generación dirigidas a través de distribuidores a nivel nacional y regional así como hacia el usuario final. Para la realización de mis Prácticas Profesionales, me colocaron en el área de marketing en donde participé dentro del proyecto de implementación de la estrategia del área de marketing de PHC España desarrollando conjuntamente con el equipo de trabajo las actividades necesarias para alcanzar los objetivos previamente establecidos. Los avances del proyecto le fueron reportados al Director General de PHC España. Del mismo modo, se mantuvo comunicación constante con la gerente administrativa de la subsidiaria, el distribuidor y la agencia de publicidad. El proyecto de implementación de la estrategia de marketing de PHC España- Programa de CIM: desarrollo de la mezcla de comunicación de marketing asignado se desarrollará a lo largo del presente trabajo, mismo que se encuentra dividido en tres capítulos distribuidos de la siguiente manera: Conociendo a la empresa, dicho Capítulo 1 detalla información general de la empresa Plant Health Care y a su vez en específico de Plant Health España, subsidiaria en donde desarrollé mis Prácticas Profesionales, mostrando al lector las principales características como el giro de negocios, estructura organizacional, productos, cobertura geográfica de operaciones, cadena de valor, proveedores, entre otros. El Capítulo 2 da lugar a la elaboración del marco teórico, en donde se introducen los síntomas, causas y consecuencias del porqué del proyecto asignado y se elabora el marco teórico con los conceptos de Gestión Estratégica, Estrategia de Marketing, Comunicación Integrada de Marketing, Mezcla de Comunicación de Marketing y sus elementos para la obtención de información que servirá de sustento. Adicionalmente; en el Capítulo 3 se plantea el escenario de Plant Health Care España, se muestran las dos alternativas de solución y la selección de la misma, estipulando las razones que dieron origen a elección de la solución para dar paso a la planeación y a los objetivos a perseguir. Mientras que la ejecución del proyecto asignado se desarrolla en el Capítulo 4, en donde los elementos de la Mezcla de Comunicación de Marketing son el medio para promover la creación de una brand awareness dentro del mercado. Herramientas como advertising, relaciones públicas, marketing directo, Internet, promoción y ventas personales serán desarrolladas. Todas las actividades asignadas contribuirán para alcanzar el objetivo primordial del área de Marketing de PHC España por medio de una estrategia de posicionamiento de la marca para reformar la imagen, optimizar recursos y crear consciencia y posicionamiento de los productos PHC en el área. Finalmente, el Capítulo 5 establece la evaluación de los resultados obtenidos durante el periodo de Prácticas Profesionales así como las conclusiones y recomendaciones que se le dan a la compañía.

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Ramos, Ana Cristina. "A utilização da PHC no ensino de Geografia : aplicação de uma sequência didática numa escola no município de Borebi/SP /." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/157132.

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Essa pesquisa de caráter qualitativo teve como objetivo elaborar uma sequência didática pautada na Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica e se propôs a desenvolver um conteúdo específico da Geografia, intitulado “O campo e a cidade: aproximações e diferenças”. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas gravadas com alunos do 3º ano do Ensino Fundamental e professores da Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental “Prof.ª Iracema Leite e Silva”, localizada no município de Borebi/SP. Essa escola atende crianças da área urbana e rural e, em especial, alunos provenientes do assentamento “Loiva Lurdes”. Tal sequência resultou em um material didático digital capaz de auxiliar o professor no desenvolvimento de práticas que contribuam para a investigação sobre o uso dos recursos naturais com destaque para os usos da água em atividades cotidianas, de modo a contribuir para a conscientização e manutenção da água potável.
This qualitative research aimed to elaborate a didactic sequence based on HistoricalCritical Pedagogy and proposed to develop a specific content of Geography, entitled "The field and the city: approximations and differences". The data were collected through interviews recorded with students of the 3rd year of Elementary School and teachers of the Municipal School of Primary Education "Prof.ª Iracema Leite e Silva", located in the municipality of Borebi / SP. This school serves children from urban and rural areas, and especially from the "Loiva Lurdes" settlement. This sequence resulted in a digital didactic material able to assist the teacher in the development of practices that contribute to the investigation on the use of natural resources, highlighting the uses of water in daily activities, in order to contribute to the awareness and maintenance of water drinking water

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Alharbi, Mohammed Senitan. "The referral system for non-communicable diseases in Saudi Arabia: Identifying strategies for better healthcare coordination." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21931.

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Introduction The Saudi healthcare system was established in 1926, and consisted of three levels of service: (i) primary; (ii) secondary; and (iii) tertiary healthcare that are currently available through the Ministry of Health (MOH) network. The primary healthcare (PHC) system serves as a gatekeeper to secondary and tertiary healthcare. The referral system, or the process between primary and secondary care, is essential in the management of healthcare systems, as well as chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD). The World Health Organization (WHO) Global NCD Action Plan 2013-2020 was aimed to … strengthen and organise services … access and referral systems around close-to-user and people-centred networks of primary health care are fully integrated with the secondary and tertiary care level of the healthcare delivery system, including quality rehabilitation, comprehensive palliative care and specialised ambulatory and inpatient care facilities. In Saudi Arabia, the demand for secondary care in a hospital has been increasing through high referral rates and emergency department (ED) non-urgent case visits. In the recent National Transformation Program (NTP), Vision 2030, the reform and restructure of PHCs was a priority, that is, to ease access to healthcare, to reduce the inefficient use of healthcare services, and to improve the quality of PHCs. Some of the program’s objectives were to improve patient satisfaction of PHCs and to reduce the number of inappropriate referrals by PHCs. Therefore, three aims of this PhD research are: (i) to assess patient satisfaction, experience of PHCs and care coordination in Saudi Arabia; (ii) to evaluate the attitudes and decision-making of physicians in regard to referral system; and (iii) to identify conceivable interventions/systems of referral by targeting NCD in Saudi Arabia. Method A mixed method approach is used to answer three research questions: (i) How do patients rate the quality of care received in PHCs by measuring their satisfaction and experience?; (ii) How do physicians make decisions on referrals to secondary care?; and (iii) How do physicians evaluate the referral system? To answer the first research question, two phases were implemented, involving 157 patients recruited through the Sharik initiative from 10 regions of 13 regions of Saudi Arabia. Phase 1 applied a cross-sectional study by using a Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ-18) (Arabic) to measure the overall satisfaction of PHCs and to assess its correlation to sociodemographic characteristics of patients. Phase 2 involved a cross-sectional study by using the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems Clinician & Group Survey (CG-CAHPS) (Arabic) to measure the overall experience ratings and assess its correlation to sociodemographic characteristics of patients. In the Research Question 2, a cross-sectional study, the Ambulatory Sentinel Practice Network (ASPN) tool was incorporated to explore and assess the attitudes and decisions made by physicians regarding referrals in PHCs. A sample of 68 physicians were recruited from 15 PHCs. To answer Research Question 3, 19 physicians were recruited from 15 PHCs for inclusion in a semi-structured interview using the Referral System Assessment and Monitoring (RSAM) tool to evaluate the referral system from their perspective and to synthesise their views on seven successful factors for integrated care from a total of 10 factors. Results Research Question 1: Phase 1 (Quantitative) PSQ-18 consisted of 18 items constituting seven domains: (i) general satisfaction; (ii) technical quality; (iii) financial aspects; (iv) interpersonal manner; (v) communication; (vi) time spent with the doctor; and (vii) accessibility and convenience. The relationship between sociodemographic factors (age, gender, income, education and marital status, health status and the type of PHCs) and seven domains of PSQ-18 and total satisfaction (from seven domains ranging from 18-90) were assessed in bivariate tests and multiple linear regressions. In the bivariate analysis, age, gender, education. marital status, and health status were associated with the some of the domains of satisfaction. Age was associated with financial aspects domain with a p value of p=0.040. Gender was associated with two domains interpersonal manner and communication with p value of p=0.024 and p=0.045 respectively. Education was associated two domains technical quality and financial aspects with p values of p=0.012 and p=0.003 respectively. Marital status was only associated with communication domain with a p value of p=0.012. The health status was associated with interpersonal manner with a p value of p=0.018. In the multiple linear regression, none of the sociodemographic factors predicted general satisfaction, time spent with doctor, and accessibility and convenience domains. However, education, marital status and health status predicted technical quality, interpersonal manners, communication and total satisfaction. Marital status was a strong predictor of technical quality, communication and total satisfaction. Research Question 1: Phase 2 (Quantitative) Using CG-CAHPS, the relationship between a patient’s sociodemographic factors (age, gender, income, education, marital status, health status and the type of PHCs), the quality of physician/patient communication, care coordination and overall ratings in PHCs were assessed. Sociodemographic factors were not associated with overall ratings except for the type of PHCs. Communication and care coordination items were associated with overall ratings. In the multiple linear regression, the model revealed that a total of 81% of the overall rating (satisfaction) could be attributed to the predictors included. The communication domain had the highest number of predictors on the overall ratings. The highest predictor of the overall rating was physicians answering their patients’ questions, followed by time spent with the physician, type of PHC, and the ability of the physician to listen carefully, to explain things clearly and to show respect. The weakest predictors were from the care coordination domain followed by the healthcare provider’s and physician’s knowledge of the patient’s medical history. Research Question 2: Phase 3 (Quantitative) A total of 68 physicians participated in this study from 15 PHCs from five health regions in Riyadh city. Approximately 39.7% of patients received two or more referrals in their visits. Over 51% of patients’ reasons for visiting PHCs were to obtain a referral. More than half of the physicians (55.9%) stated they referred patients who needed advice on diagnosis and treatment, followed by direct surgical management/treatment and a need for multidisciplinary care. Abdominal pain was the highest condition being referred to by physicians (5.8%). Around 32.2% of physicians considered the quality of feedback as ‘very important’ when selecting a clinic or hospital. One quarter of physicians (25%) viewed the technical capacity of the consultative centre to be ‘very important’. A small percentage (11.8%) of physicians viewed patient requests to present at a clinic as a ‘very important’ aspect while 44.1% of physicians viewed it as ‘somewhat important’. Research Question 3: Phase 4 (Qualitative) Nineteen physicians from 15 PHCs were interviewed in this study. In synthesising the interviews, seven of the 10 principles of successful integrated care were used because they are feasible in the current Saudi healthcare system for referrals: (i) comprehensive services across the care continuum; (ii) patient focus; (iii) geographic coverage and rostering; (iv) standardised care delivery through inter-professional teams; (v) performance management; (vi) information systems; and (vii) organisational culture and leadership. There were major problems with each aspect of the information system. Physicians reported that the feedback procedure was almost non-existent. Although referral protocols and guidelines existed, these were not available in all PHCs. The system relied on accurate knowledge about the referral network, but directories of hospitals in the network were not available in all PHCs. Some physicians were dissatisfied about their patients’ role in the referral letter that was generated only ‘Upon Patient’s Request’. Data of the referrals were collected and analysed in most PHCs. However, evaluation reports were not shared with PHCs. Conclusion Using the PSQ-18 questionnaire, the results confirmed that sociodemographic factors affect the satisfaction score of PHCs in the bivariate and multiple linear regression. However, sociodemographic factors do not play any role in the overall rating when using the patient experience (CG-CAHPS) questionnaire. Furthermore, physician/patient communication and the type of PHC is fundamental in predicting overall ratings of PHCs in the bivariate and multiple linear regression. With regard to physicians making decisions on referrals, the study showed different ‘medical’ and ‘non-medical’ reasons for referrals in PHCs. In addition, there were system-related reasons for referrals that could be emphasised, since the availability of such services in PHCs plays a major role in referrals. In evaluating the referral system, results suggested that improvement to the referral system is necessary, in particular, appointments to support efficient time management, provision of an up-to-date directory of hospitals, training for physicians from PHCs and an increased awareness of the significance of feedback from hospitals.

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Saldaña, Cuba José. "La historia también la escriben los perdedores: el valor del voto singular en el caso “El Frontón” (STC 3173-2008-PHC)." Foro Jurídico, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/120107.

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En este artículo, el autor describe y señala la importancia del voto singular o dissenting opinion en el marco del Estado Constitucional de Derecho. Asimismo presenta de manera detallada la postura minoritaria dentro de un órgano como el Tribunal Constitucional, lo que garantiza la calidad de los argumentos presentados, pero que a su vez representa la opinión de una minoría fuera del colegiado, que encuentra en el voto singular la garantía de protección de sus derechos. Luego de introducir al lector en el tema, el autor hace referencia a la rele- vancia del voto singular en el caso “El Frontón” en el cual se logró un equilibrio entre una opinión mayoritaria y formalista, de acuerdo al autor, y una opinión minoritaria de carácter activista. Así pues, el autor finaliza su análisis realizando una reflexión de la importancia del disentimiento para poder “escuchar la voz de pocos”.

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Khunga, Helen. "Factors affecting detection and referral of malnourished children to Primary Health Care (PHC) level in Kanchele community of Kalomo District, Zambia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4508.

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Magister Public Health - MPH
Background: Malnutrition in children under the age of 5 years is a global public Health problem. The UNICEF report states that 10.9 million children under five die in developing countries each year due to malnutrition. According to the Zambia Demographic and Health Survey of 2008 malnutrition is one of the main childhood illnesses in Zambia with almost 50% of the under five children being stunted. The referral system in Zambia is organized in a way that starts at the Primary Health Care (PHC) level within the community and managed by the Community Health Workers (CHW). At this level, Community Health Workers screen and identify children that have childhood illnesses which require treatment and they refer them to the Rural Health Centre (RHC). When the problem cannot be handled at the RHC level the child is referred to the district hospital or provincial hospital level within a particular province. However, most children with malnutrition arrive late at the hospital for treatment. Some of them die soon after admission. It was not clear what prevent the mothers from bringing these children early to the hospital for treatment. Methods: The main aim of the study was to explore factors that are associated with detection and referral of malnourished children from Primary Health Care (PHC) at community level to the Health centres in Kalomo district. The study was conducted in Kanchele community of Kalomo in Southern Province of Zambia. Kanchele is a rural community with most basic services such as health facilities not being easily accessed. The study focused on two PHCs which had the highest prevalence of malnutrition. All participants were asked to sign a consent form after the purpose of study had been explained to them. They were informed that all information would be treated with confidentiality and that participation was voluntary and that they had the right to chose not to participate in the study. Furthermore each participant was asked if they agreed to maintain the confidentiality of the information discussed by participants and researchers during the focus group session. The study was qualitative in nature and focus group discussions were conducted with mothers or caregivers of children under five years, community members who have lived in the community for more than one year and community health workers who have also worked in the community for more than one year. Focus group discussions were used to collect data from mothers and community members. While in-depth interviews were used to collect data from CHWs and nutrition group leaders working at the PHC and community leaders. The data collected from the focus group discussions was analysed using thematic approach. Barriers or hindrances to rehabilitating a malnourished child mentioned by the respondents included lack of knowledge on malnutrition, failure to link malnutrition to poor feeding and bad health seeking habits, poor response to referral as a result of a system which is not supported with adequate resource such as transport, a system that does not support parents with food in-case of the child being hospitalised, the current hospital system only provides food to the patient. The failure by health staff to see that malnutrition is a key childhood disease. Data from this study will be used to develop interventions to improve the management of malnourished children. Conclusion: The study shows that mothers and community members are misinformed about the causes and treatment of malnutrition. It also clearly showed that traditional healers and grandparents played an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of malnourished children in this community. Interventions to improve identification and referral of these malnourished children needs to taken into consideration.

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Ntayiya, Witness Sakumzi. "Evaluating the quality of care for sexually transmitted infections (STI) in 14 primary health care (PHC) facilities in Umjindi local municipality, Mpumalanga Province." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The overall aim of this study was to evaluate quality of STI services in Umjindi local municipality. A concrete objective was to investigate the health system issues that may have a negative impact in the provision of quality STI service in the local municipality. These include accessibility of the STI services to the community, training of health workers in syndromic management, availability of necessary equipment and supplies for STI management, turn-around time for blood results and infrastructure of the facilities.

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Louskieter, Lance. "Centering Primary Health Care (PHC) Nurses' experiences in their practice of policy implementation - TB diagnostic policy reform in the Western Cape, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29488.

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This project focused on the recent global reforms in TB diagnostic policy and the implementation of Xpert MTB/RIF (GeneXpert) diagnostic technology into the health system, as a case to assess the extent to which software issues - particularly the human qualities of the system – mediates policy implementation. It centres the experiences of frontline workers in local implementation contexts as imperative because of frontline workers’ have discretionary power and influence in their practice. The premise of this mini-dissertation is that researchers and policy makers should centre the lived experiences of service delivery level health workers when implementing policy or programmatic reforms. This may deepen people-centred approaches which is essential for health systems strengthening. This mini-dissertation is structured into three parts: Part A: This is the research protocol that was submitted for ethical review and approval to the Faculty of Health Science Ethical Review Committee (FHSERC). The protocol frames the study objectives and the initial intentions of the research study. The justifications for the research question, theoretical framework, the research design, methods for data collection and analysis and timelines are clearly presented and discussed. Part B: Using GeneXpert policy reform implementation as a pathfinder, this section presents an undertaking of a structured narrative review of the existing literature addressing the major barriers and enablers for health systems implementation reform. This review assesses the extent to which people issues and people-centred practices are considered in policy implementation research of GeneXpert. The aim of this section of the dissertation is to identify and map-out literature considering the human experiences and relationships of frontline health workers and how these may intersect with hardware, contextual and social systemic factors, that may potentially mediate the implementation of GeneXpert TB diagnostic policy. Part C: This section presents the background, methodology, findings and interpretations from the research, as a journal-ready manuscript. This paper seeks to contribute to the policy implementation literature in the field of HPSR from the perspective of centering nurses' lived experience – especially nurses who are overburdened and undervalued – as imperative in the field of inquiry. The main findings reflect that nurses are burdened by the pressure to meet policy targets, the encumbrance to enforce administrative and bureaucratic procedure, and the minimal platforms or pathways to input on challenges and innovations back to higher level management and decision makers. Within the context of top-down, target-driven and highly structured and standardized operational processes for diagnosing TB, nurses navigate multiple overlapping and contradictory modes of being in their interactions with patients as a response to these pressures. This paper seeks to offer voice to nurses’ experiences of implementing TB diagnostic policy in PHC settings in SA considering its relationship with broader systemic and contextual influences. It also raises particular issues about tensions between efforts to achieve efficiency and effectiveness through enforcing the system, and facilitating people-centered and responsive practices in implementation.

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Teixeira, Rui. "Enquadramento de um plano de manutenção preventiva no sistema de ERP na Viroc Portugal." Master's thesis, Escola Superior de Tecnologia do Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/3851.

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Mestrado em Engenharia de Produção
Este trabalho tem como objectivo o enquadramento de um sistema de manutenção preventiva existente, à realidade da empresa Viroc Portugal S.A. e ao seu sistema de ERP. Para tal é feita uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Esta pesquisa permitiu que fosse possível um conhecimento prévio da realidade da manutenção, das suas funções, indicadores de fiabilidade, abordando ainda a sua gestão. Este conhecimento é importante para poder, então, enquadrar da melhor forma o sistema. São depois apresentados um modelo de preparação para o departamento e ,de seguida, as metas da implementação, o que será implementado, como e onde e ,ainda, os meios necessários para a implementação.

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Bizimenyera, Edmund Senkike. "The potential role of antibacterial, antioxidant and antiparasitic activity of Peltophorum africanum Sond. (Fabaceae) extracts in ethnoveterinary medicine." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26331.

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There is an increasing interest in ethnomedical and ethnoveterinary practices, especially as it relates to the use of medicinal plants for treating various ailments. As a result, the current trend in government health authorities is to integrate herbal medicine with primary healthcare. This arises because nearly 80% of people in the developing world, particularly those from rural communities where modern drugs are unaffordable, inaccessible or, unavailable, depend on phytomedicine for primary healthcare. Despite this, however, most medical and veterinary professionals distrust herbal medicines due to concerns of scientific evidence of efficacy and safety. Hence, there is need for their validation, before herbal medicines gain wider acceptance and use. Traditional healers and rural farmers use extracts of Peltophorum africanum (a medicinal plant wide-spread in southern Africa and other tropical regions), to treat diarrhoea, helminths and abdominal parasites, dysentery, HIV-AIDS, acute and chronic pain, anxiety and depression, infertility, and to promote well-being and resistance to diseases. To evaluate these ethnobotanical leads, dried leaves, bark and root from mature P. africanum (Fabaceae) trees were extracted with acetone, ethanol, dichloromethane and hexane. Chromatograms were made on silica gel plates. Thin layer chromatograms (TLC) were sprayed with 0.2% 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) for qualitative screening for antioxidants. Quantification of antioxidant activity was done in comparison with L-ascorbic acid and Trolox (6-hydroxy-2, 5, 7, 8-tetranethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid). With regard to the extracts, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis. The total antibacterial activity (TAA), signifying the volume to which active compounds present in 1 g of plant material can be diluted and still inhibit bacterial growth, was also determined. In vitro anthelmintic activity was evaluated by effects of acetone extracts on the egg hatching and larval development of parasitic nematodes Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. The eggs and larvae of the two parasites were incubated in various concentrations of the leaf, bark and root extracts for two and five days respectively. Furthermore the efficacies of the acetone extracts were tested on lambs artificially induced with H. contortus and T. colubriformis infections. Toxicity was performed in brine shrimp and MTT assay on Vero monkey kidney cells. The extracts had substantial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with MIC values of 0.08 mg ml-1 for Staphylococcus aureus and 0.16 mg ml-1 for Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; the corresponding TAA values were 1263 and 631 ml g-1. The acetone extracts the bark, and root of P. africanum had higher antioxidant activity than L-ascorbic acid (Vitamin-C) and Trolox (6-hydroxy-2, 5, 7, 8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid), a synthetic vitamin-E analogue, and much higher than Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761). The standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761) is widely employed for its significant benefit in neurological disorders. The respective EC50 for the P. africanum root , bark and leaf extracts, L-ascorbic acid, and EGb761 were 3.82 µg ml-1, 4.37 µg ml-1, 6.54 µg ml-1, 5.04 µg ml-1, and 40.72 µg ml-1. The extracts inhibited egg hatchability and larval development (from L1 to infective stage L3) of both H. contortus and T. colubriformis (both parasitic nematodes of ruminants) at concentrations of 0.2-1.0 mg ml-1. The plant extracts, at concentrations of 5-25 mg ml-1 completely lysed larval forms (L1) and eggs of the nematodes. In all assays, the root extracts had higher antibacterial, antioxidant and anthelmintic activity than the bark and leaf. Although the extracts were safe and non-toxic, the reduction in faecal egg and adult worm counts in lambs infected with H. contortus and T. colubriformis was not statistically significant (P=0.073). From the acetone extracts of the root, a brownish crystalline compound, bergenin was isolated. Bergenin was also assayed for toxicity with brine shrimp and Vero monkey kidney cells like the extracts, where the compound was found to be not toxic. In a disc diffusion test, the inhibitory activition of bergenin was determined for the bacteria E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Mycobacterium vaccae, and the fungi Sporobolomyces salmonicolor and Penicillium notatum. Bergenin had reasonable antimicrobial activity against S. salmonicolor, moderate activity against M. vaccae, E. coli and P. aeruginosa, but non inhibitory against P. notatum. P. africanum extracts have therefore, potential for treatment of infection-related diseases by either directly inhibiting bacterial growth or by stimulating the immune system of the host. The traditional use of P. africanum concoctions against diarrhoea, dysentery and unthriftness, may be also due to anthelmintic activity as these signs are consistent with parasitic astroenteritis. Antioxidants are also important in boosting the immunity, critical in the management of helminthosis. There is ample scientific and empirical evidence supporting the use of plantderived antioxidants in the control of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and neurological diseases. Synergistic activity of plant antioxidants has been proposed as a mechanism by which viral replication and immune cell killing in HIV infection can be inhibited. Antioxidants may have neuro-protective (preventing apoptosis), as well as neuro-regenerative roles. Due to the high antioxidant activity of its extracts, P. africanum has prospects in the chemotherapy of HIV and management or control of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus there is great potential of P. africanum extracts in medicine. Further isolation and bioassay characterization of bioactive compounds from P. africanum is recommended as well as refinement of in vivo tests in target livestock, or clinical trials. Better methods of plant extraction easily adaptable to rural communities for sustainable exploitation of the tree, may have to be devised especially those using the leaves instead of bark or root.
Thesis (PhD(Paraclinical Sciences))--University of Pretoria, 2007.
Paraclinical Sciences
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Mousson, Jean-Marc. "La psychose hallucinatoire chronique : étude multiaxiale et statistique d'une entité hétérogène dans un but de synthèse clinique : à propos de 90 cas de PHc diagnostiqués aux Urgences." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR23090.

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Weber, Ingrid Brigitte. "Evaluation of the notifiable disease surveillance system in Gauteng Province, South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26850.

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Objectives. To describe the qualitative aspects of the notifiable diseases surveillance system of the Gauteng Province, South Africa; to conduct a cross-sectional survey on knowledge and practices pertaining to disease notification among private sector primary health care providers in Gauteng Province; to measure the degree of underreporting of notifiable diseases versus positive laboratory diagnoses using malaria as a cases study; and to identify the correctible short-comings in the Gauteng Health Department’s diseases surveillance system and to recommend ways of addressing these to improve the system and its performance. Design. This is an evaluation study consisting of both the qualitative aspects and quantitative descriptive components of the notifiable disease system in Gauteng Province. The study designs used for the qualitative description were literature and policy review and a semi-structured interview with communicable disease coordinators. The quantitative research comprised of a telephonic questionnaire administered to a random sample of private general practioners and secondary data analysis comparing malaria cases notified to the Gauteng Provincial Department of Health with public and private sector laboratory data and clinical surveillance data. Setting. The study setting was the Gauteng Provincial Health Department and public and private health care service providers in Gauteng Province. The study period extended from 1 January to 30 June 2006. Subjects. The subjects of the study were the Gauteng Health Department’s disease surveillance system, public and private sector health care providers including private primary health care practitioners. Outcome measures. Outcome measures for the qualitative system description were the status of selected system attributes namely usefulness, simplicity, flexibility, data quality, acceptability, sensitivity, positive predictive value, representativeness and stability. Outcome measures for the knowledge and practice survey of private general practitioners were reporting compliance and knowledge of notifiable conditions. The primary outcome measure for the secondary data analysis was the proportion of laboratory diagnosed cases of malaria notified to the provincial health department. Results. The notifiable disease surveillance system in Gauteng is deemed useful by the public sector communicable disease coordinators but less so by the private sector general practitioners. Data quality as indicated by completeness of residential detail reporting on meningococcal notifications varied between 29% and 57% by district. Thirty seven percent of general practitioners report compliance with notifications and the mean score for knowledge on notification status of medical conditions was 56%. The sensitivity of notifications of malaria compared with laboratory notifications was 26% with relatively higher notification rates where cases occurred in children under 15 years of age. Conclusions. The notifiable disease surveillance system in Gauteng Province is relatively flexible and reasonably structured however this research suggests that there is suboptimal use of the information for local action in certain areas. Private General Practitioners self-report a low level of compliance citing time constraints and lack of motivation; knowledge of the notification status of selected medical conditions is lower than expected. The completeness and accuracy of notification data, as demonstrated in malaria notifications, is insufficient to gauge a true picture of burden of disease in the province.
Dissertation (MMed)--University of Pretoria, 2007.
School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH)
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Hamdulay, Goolam. "A cost-analysis study of primary diabetes treatment at day-hospitals and a provincial hospital in the Western Cape." University of Western Cape, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7517.

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Masters of Commerce
The provision of health care in South Africa is undergoing major restructuring. The aim is to achieve substantial, visible and sustainable improvements to the efficiency and accessibility of primary healthcare (PHC) services for all South Africans. One of the country's most critical problems is the weak and fragmented public sector PHC system. The most critical problems contributing to this are the maldistribution of resources (financial, physical and human) between hospitals and the primary care system, and between rural and urban areas. The health sector, therefore, faces the challenge of a complete restructuring and transformation of the national health care delivery system and related institutions. Choices need to be made about which services to cut, which to streamline and where savings can be made. Ways need to be found to use ALL of South Africa's resources optimally. This process of restructuring would be facilitated by the availability of accurate information on resource utilisation in the health sector. This study estimates the difference in the cost of primary diabetes treatment at dayhospitals and a provincial hospital in the Western Cape in 1992/93. Health economics is in its infancy in South Africa and serious data limitations exist. This study is therefore a pioneering effort in many ways. An appropriate methodological framework in which to conduct the costing had to be developed. The South African health sector, health spending arid the cost of primary diabetes treatment at day-hospitals and the provincial hospital are reviewed. Theoretical perspectives of the health care market and the methodologies of cost analysis are discussed. The cost analysis method of study is chosen, and arguments are advanced for its suitability in the South African context. A simple method of calculating the direct costs to obtain the average cost is proposed for the purpose of the study. Direct costs consist of staff costs and other related costs, such as medical supplies, non-medical supplies, building operations, equipment etc. These costs are then used to calculate the average costs per diabetic patient at the day-hospitals and the provincial hospital. The average cost per diabetic patient at day-hospitals amounted to R18.76, while at the provincial hospital the cost was R59.60. https://

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Caldwell, Judy. "A programme evaluation of the effects of an intensified TB screening strategy on changes in facility level TB case finding in City Health PHC facilities in Cape Town." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6852.

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Master of Public Health - MPH
Background: In South Africa, tuberculosis (TB) detection remains a major problem, as notified cases are estimated to account for only 68% of all incident cases. Health services have relied on passive case finding and this leads to missed or delayed diagnosis. In Cape Town, City Health has embarked on an active surveillance programme to systematically screen all adults seeking health care at PHC facilities for active TB, in order to identify undiagnosed incident TB cases and avert missed opportunities for treating TB. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an intensified TB screening strategy on changes in facility level TB case finding in City Health PHC facilities in Cape Town.

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Rode, Noluvo. "The prevalence of depression in HIV positive individuals who are on anti retro-viral treatment (ART) conducted at a selected primary health care (PHC) clinic in Khayelitsha, Cape Town." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7279.

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Magister Curationis - MCur
Depression is defined as a psychiatric condition, wherein a person experiences extreme sadness, social withdrawal, and expresses self-deprecating thoughts. Across the world, millions of people with Human Infectious Virus (HIV) suffer from depression each year. Depression is regarded as the most common disabling medical condition that affects both HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals, globally. It is further reported that depression is the most common neuropsychiatric disturbance observed in HIV infected individuals. In South Africa, the prevalence of depression symptoms among Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) clients is reported to be 25.4%. However, depression among this group is often underdiagnosed and untreated in Primary Health Care settings. The need for routine screening is encouraged by studies confirming that depression and anxiety disorders accelerate the progression of HIV disease. Methods A quantitative descriptive research design was used. The study population included 1 440 males and females, aged eighteen years and over, who were HIV positive and received ART at the Clinic. A randomly selected sample of 372 respondents were recruited, but 110 had to be excluded because of eligibility issues; therefore, 262 respondents completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) questionnaire. Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher’s exact test and the Spearman Rank test were used to analyse the data, using GraphPad Prism software. Depression symptoms were evaluated, using BDI, and a score of -> 10 indicated depression. Results Of the 262 respondents, 52% had club membership, compared to 48%, who were only on ART. There were significantly more female respondents (44%) involved in Adherence Clubs, as opposed to their male counterparts (8%), a difference of 36% overall (p=0.016). In summary, the number of individuals, who were suffering from some form of depression, enrolled in ART Adherence Clubs was 8.4% of the total sample, compared to 10% of those who were not in ART adherence clubs. The overall prevalence of depression in this current study was 18.4 %, which was in line with other studies conducted in a South African context, and a similar setting. Clinical depression status represents the main outcome of interest in this research project. The model category was 0-10, which indicated that a significant majority, 69.5%, n= 182, of the enrolled respondents were classified as healthy, in terms of clinical depression status. Beck depression scores were consistent across gender. Depression seemed to be more severe in the 35-44 age category. Fisher’s exact test confirmed the absence of any statistical difference between ART club membership and their depression status. Spearman rank correlation coefficient of -0.02 indicates a very low association between length of HIV seropositivity and Beck Depression score. Conclusion This is the first study reporting on the prevalence of depression, in relation to HIV infection, as well as ART treatment, and the associated adherence programme in Cape Town. Further research on a similar topic is recommended, using other instruments in the same geographic area.

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Rezende, Felipe Augusto de Mello. "Jogos no ensino de Química: um estudo sobre a presença/ausência de teorias de ensino e aprendizagem à luz do V rpistemológico de Gowin." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7960.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
From the first decade of the century it was noticed a significant increase in the quantity of games applied to the teaching of Chemistry, however, there are games without pedagogical objectives. In this sense, a documentary analysis was used (in the main periodicals of Chemistry Education/Teaching) a heuristic instrument in the light of the Gowin’s Epistemological V, which consists of analyzing the structure and process of knowledge construction, in order to identify possible theories of teaching and learning in the game construct, the results indicated the presence of Piagetian epistemology (48.14%) and Vigotskian (25.93%), with the predominance of conceptions related to Jean Piaget's Equilibrium Theory, which in most cases appeared implicitly. Among the works classified within the PHc, the predominance of the implicit Vigotsky reference was also identified, in which the researchers explore aspects related to ZDP/ZDI and to the Psychological Functions. In addition to the two referentials mentioned, about 25,93% of the articles were classified as Absence of Epistemological Referential, a matter of great concern, since the absence of theoretical/epistemological references hinders the construction of Chemical knowledge, and tends to make games strategies that exploit onlythe playful function. However, we identify the need for a deeper understanding of the references used, since most of the Piagetian articles explore only the question of ass summarizing the game to a tool to fix the concepts worked in the expository classes, as well as the Vygotskian articles, which use problematic references translated from North American versions, which do not fit the work of Vygotsky. Thus, the results obtained in the research indicate the imminence of the use of learning theories, and it is not possible to speak in an epistemology of the game, for even if we have identified the predominance of Piagetian epistemology, we are still slowly moving towards the use of teaching and learning theories.
A partir da primeira década do século XXI, percebeu-se um aumento significativo na quantidade de jogos aplicados ao ensino de Química, contudo, tem-se utilizado jogos sem objetivos pedagógicos. Neste sentido, realizou-se uma análise documental (nos principais periódicos de Educação/Ensino de Química) à luz do V Epistemológico de Gowin, que consiste em um instrumento heurístico para análise da estrutura e do processo de construção do conhecimento, com o intuito de identificar possíveis teorias de ensino e aprendizagem no construto dos jogos. Os resultados indicaram a presença da epistemologia Piagetiana (54,17%) e Vigotskiana (29,17%), sendo verificado a predominância de concepções relacionadas à Teoria da Equilibração de Jean Piaget, que na maioria dos casos apareceu de forma implícita. Dentre os trabalhos classificados dentro da PHC, identificou-se a predominância do referencial Vigotskiano implícito também, no qual os pesquisadores exploram aspectos relacionados à ZDP/ZDI e às Funções Psicológicas. Além dos dois referenciais mencionados, cerca de 16,66% dos artigos foram classificados como Ausência de Referencial Epistemológico, um dado bastante preocupante, visto que a ausência de referenciais teórico/epistemológicos dificultam a construção do conhecimento Químico, e tende a tornar os jogos estratégias que exploram apenas a função lúdica. Contudo, identificamos a necessidade de um maior aprofundamento acerca dos referenciais utilizados, pois a maioria dos artigos Piagetianos exploram apenas a questão da assimilação, resumindo o jogo a uma ferramenta de fixação dos conceitos trabalhados nas aulas expositivas, assim como os artigos Vigotskianos, que utilizam referenciais problemáticos traduzidos de versões norte- americanas, que não condizem com a obra de Vigotski. Desta forma, os resultados obtidos na pesquisa indicam a iminência da utilização de teorias de aprendizagem, não sendo possível ainda falar em uma epistemologia do jogo, pois mesmo que tenhamos identificado a predominância da epistemologia Piagetiana, ainda estamos caminhando lentamente no sentido da utilização de teorias de ensino e aprendizagem.

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Yang, Kaiyuan. "Substitution Chemistry of the Cobalt Complexes [Co₂(CO)₆(PhC≡CR) (R=Ph, H) and PhCCo₃(CO)₉] with the Diphosphine Ligands [Bis(diphenylphosphino)maleic Anhydride (BMA) and (Z)-Ph₂PCH=CHPPh₂]. Reversible Chelate-to-Bridge Diphosphine Ligand Exchange, Phosphorus-Carbon Bond Cleavage and Phosphorus-Carbon Bond Formation." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279206/.

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The tricobalt cluster PhCCo3(CO)9 (1) reacts with the bidentate phosphine ligand 2,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)maleic anhydride (bma) in the presence of added Me3NO to give the diphosphine-substituted cluster PhCCo3(CO)7(bma) (2). Cluster 2 is unstable in solution, readily losing CO to afford Co3(CO)6[(μ2-η2/η1-C(Ph)C=C(PPh2)C(O)OC(O)](μ2-PPh2) (3) as the sole observed product. VT-31P NMR measurements on cluster 2 indicate that the bma ligand functions as both a chelating and a bridging ligand. At -97 °C, 31P NMR analysis of 2 reveals a Keq of 5.7 in favor of the bridging isomer. The bridged bma cluster 2 is the only observed species above -50°C. The solid-state structure of 2 does not correspond to the major bridging isomer observed in solution but rather the minor chelating isomer. The conversion of 2 to 3 followed first-order kinetics, with the reaction rates being independent of the nature of the reaction solvent and strongly suppressed by added CO, supporting a dissociative loss of CO as the rate-determining step. The activation parameters for CO loss were determined to be ΔH≠ = 29.9 ± 2.2 kcal/mol and ΔS≠ = 21.6 ± 6 eu.

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Ferry, Sven. "Urinary tract infections in primary health care in northern Sweden : epidemiological, bacteriological and clinical aspects." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Klinisk bakteriologi, 1988. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-99337.

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The epidemiology of urinary tract infection (UTI) in the population of Vännäs (8 000 inhabitants) was studied during one year. The annual incidence increased from 0.5% in the first decade of life to more than 10% in the age group 90-100 years. Male UTI comprised only 13% of the episodes, increased after middle age and contributed 4 0% by > 80 years of age. At 17 PHC centres (PHCCs) a prevalence study (McPHC) of mainly uncomplicated UTI was performed. Most episodes were acutely symptomatic (lower 75%, upper 5%). Microscopy of wet-stained urinary sediment with a minimum of moderate amount of bacteria and/or 5 leukocytes per high power field (4 00 x) as breakpoint resulted in a desired high sensitivity (97%) and 86% efficacy in acutely symptomatic patients. Diagnosis of bacteriuria using Uricult dipslides yielded acceptable results with an overall efficacy of 88%. Nitrite test and Uriglox showed an unacceptable low mean sensitivity ofR56 and 69%, respectively. A positive nitrite, sediment or Uricult , when used in combination, was optimal in diagnosing UTI with a sensitivity of 98% in acutely symptomatic patients during their office visits. The average risk of drug resistance was 17% in the Vännäs study. Sensicult satisfactorily predicted drug sensitivity (93%) but not bacterial drug resistance (50%). Using Uricult with classification of bacteriuria by Gram-grouping, lactose and catalase reactions for targeting UTI therapy, according to local guidelines, resulted in a similar low risk (6 %) of prescribing drugs to which the organisms were resistagt as when using Sensicult (7%). This development of the Uricult method is simple and can be recommended for office practice in PHC. The spectrum of bacteria causing UTI and their drug resistance was more associated with the selection of patients, sex and age than with symptoms. The pattern of drug resistance was little influenced by UTI history and the mean pretherapy resistance for the seven drugs tested in McPHC was low (7%). Drug resistance was increased in failure (mean 24%) but not in early or repeated recurrence. In McPHC therapy resulted in 8% bacteriological failure and 12% early recurrence, irrespective of whether the bacteria were classified as sensitive or resistant in vitro to the drug given. Thus, in order to be of prognostic value for therapy of uncomplicated UTI, high-level breakpoints focusing more on peak urinary drug concentrations need to be studied. UTI symptoms in McPHC were eradicated in only 2/3 of the bacterio- logically cured episodes and in 1/3 of the failures at control 1-3 days posttherapy showing that symptoms are an unreliable indicator of UTI. From current literature, it seems unlikely that asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) plays a major role in the development of uremia due to chronic pyelonephritis. With the exception of ABU in pregnancy, therapy seems to yield no benefit. Omitting posttherapy bacteriuria controls in patients with symptoms eradicated, at least in women with uncomplicated UTI, would lead to considerable savings both for patients and the health care system.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1988, härtill 6 uppsatser.

digitalisering@umu

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Al-Hosan, Ibraheem. "Patients' views on the service quality of primary health care services : a comparative study of PHC services provision by the security forces and general public sectors in Riyadh City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/dbcd28e9-9e27-4579-88b5-9e4e11b3d8b5.

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Pinheiro, Regiane Machado de Sousa. "O conceito de célula em livros didáticos de biologia: análise sob uma perspectiva histórico-crítica." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8346.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG
The present research analyzes how the historical process of constructing the concept of a cell is presented in Biology textbooks approved in the National Program Textbook (PNLD). This investigation was developed with books of the first year of high school of the nine Biology collections approved in the PNLD 2015, whose analysis based on the didactics of Historical- Critical Pedagogy (PHC). In order to analyze the data, a matrix of analysis was built based to the Statutes Structuring of Biology proposed by Nascimento Júnior (2010), with technical and pedagogical aspects, that made possible to understand the world view, Science and Biology in these books. The results obtained make it evident that the construction of the cell concept is permeated through an ontological-mechanistic view of biology, in which science is considered linear, and scientific production, an individual activity. Thus, this research contributes to unveiling the textbook as a didactic resource that can lead to an alienating teaching work, since it reveals the presentation mode of knowledge, which can be uncritically and a-historical in opposition to proposed by the PHC.
A presente pesquisa analisa como o processo histórico de construção do conceito de célula é apresentado nos livros didáticos de Biologia aprovados pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD). Tal investigação foi desenvolvida com livros da 1a série do Ensino Médio das noves coleções de Biologia aprovadas pelo PNLD 2015, cuja análise é fundamentada na didática da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica (PHC). Para analisar os dados, foi construída uma matriz de análise pautada nos Estatutos Estruturantes da Biologia propostos por Nascimento Júnior (2010), com aspectos técnicos e pedagógicos, que possibilitou compreender a visão de mundo, Ciência e Biologia nesses livros. Os resultados obtidos deixam evidente que a construção do conceito de célula é permeada por meio de uma visão ontológico-mecanicista da Biologia, na qual a Ciência é considerada linear, e a produção científica, uma atividade individual. Com isso, esta pesquisa contribui para desvelar o livro didático como um recurso didático que pode levar a um trabalho docente alienante, já que revela o modo de apresentação do conhecimento, que pode ser acrítico e a-histórico em oposição ao proposto pela PHC.

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Grigoletto, Marcus Vinicius Diniz. "Avaliação dos programa odontologicos para o paciente idoso nos municipios que compoem a DIR-XV - Piracicaba/SP." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289882.

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Orientador: Marcelo de Castro Meneghim
Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Nos últimos 35 anos observou-se um envelhecimento demográfico nos países em desenvolvimento, atingindo um crescimento de 123%, segundo a Organização das Nações Unidas. Com a diminuição da doença cárie na população jovem e com a necessidade de um atendimento universal e equânime da população, os serviços de saúde devem buscar atingir todas as faixas etárias e não apenas os grupos em idade escolar como vinha sendo feito por inúmeras equipes de saúde bucal em vários estados do Brasil. Nesta forma, buscou-se analisar e discutir as políticas públicas implantadas na área odontológica, em relação à população idosa, nos municípios da região da Direção Regional de Saúde XV (DIR ¿ XV/Piracicaba/SP) no estado de São Paulo. Foi elaborado um questionário com perguntas de planejamento, atenção e assistência em saúde e processo de trabalho envolvendo a população com mais de 60 anos de idade, encaminhado às Coordenadorias de Saúde Bucal das Secretarias Municipais dos 20 municípios que compõem a DIR, sendo que 19 responderam ao questionário. Os dados foram analisados de forma descritiva e os resultados apresentados através de tabelas. Ficou demonstrado que 68% dos municípios ainda tem a atenção à saúde bucal voltada a escolares e pré ¿ escolares, 31% dos municípios utilizam critérios epidemiológicos para planejamento de suas ações, sendo que apenas 26% fazem uso deste recurso para o planejamento das ações para a população entre 65 e 74 anos e 89,47% dos municípios utilizam a UBS como local para desenvolvimento de ações para a população idosa. Concluiu-se que apesar de evidências epidemiológicas apontarem para o envelhecimento da população, ainda é necessário a adequação dos serviços à esta nova realidade com a reorganização do processo de trabalho dentro das diretrizes dos municípios que compõem a DIR XV/Piracicaba/SP
Abstract: In the last 35 years a great demographic aging in the developing countries was observed, reaching a growth of 123% according to Organization of United Nations. With the reduction of the illness caries in the country and with the necessity of a universal attendance and equal form of the population, the health services must search to reach all not only the bands and the groups of children in pertaining to school age as it came being made for innumerable teams of buccal health in some states of Brazil. In this form, searchs to analyze and to argue the implanted public politics in the buccal health area, in relation to the aged population, the cities of the region of the Regional Direction of Health XV (DIR - XV/Piracicaba/SP) in the state of São Paulo. It was elaborated a questionnaire with questions of planning, attention and assistance in health and process of work having involved the population with more than 60 years of age, directed to the Coordination of Buccal Health of the City departments of the 20 cities that compose the DIR, being that 19 they had 19 answered to the questionnaire. The data had been analyzed of descriptive form and the results presented through tables. He was demonstrated that the majority of the cities still has the attention to the buccal health directed the pertaining to school and daily pay - pertaining to school, the great majority of the cities, does not use criteria epidemiologists for planning of its action with the aged population, as well as for the adult population. If it makes necessary the adoption on the part of the cities, of criteria of familiar and individual risk for the band of the aged ones in the planning of the basic attention. The service must be organized in the development of the work process so that the clinic increases its resolutive capacity and the education in buccal health better is worked, having the actions of health with the aged ones not to be restricted only to the Basic Unit of Health
Mestrado
Mestre em Saude Coletiva

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38

Pala, Martin. "Biodegradabilita přirozených a modifikovaných polyesterů bakteriálního původu a jejich kompozitů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216968.

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Presented work was focused on biodegradability of bacterial natural and modified polyesters and their composites. The first part of the work was focused on study of influence of PHA granules structure on their biodegradability using selected enzymes and influence of physiological conditions on PHA stability. Overall, tested polymer either in crytalinne or amorphous phase seems to be rezistent to attack of seleced hydrolytic enzymes such as lipases or proteases and is stable in simulated physiological fluids as well. Because of thies results, it is possible to use tested PHA materials in biomedical applications requiring rather resistant biomaterials. Second part of the work was focused on microbial degradation of modified PHA materials considering their potential environmental impact. Both mixed thermophillic culture originaly used in wastewater treatment plant and bacterial strain Delftia acidovorans were employed for biodegradation tests. Composites containing chlorine PHB and PHB films modified using plasticizers were tested. Films containing chlorine PHB cause inhibition of biomass growth to both tested cultures. The highest rate of degradation (31%) was observed in presence of bacterial culture with film containing 10% chlorine PHB. The results show that used microbial population is important factor affecting biodegradability.

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39

Gómez, Hinostroza Violeta Cristina. "Discriminación Contra la Mujer: Los Casos de las mujeres embarazadas separadas de las Escuelas de Formación de la Policía Nacional y la sentencia expedida por el Tribunal Constitucional en el expediente Nº 5527-2008-PHC/TC." Derecho & Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119044.

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Cakata, Zethu. "Epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections in selected primary health care centres in the Eastern Cape Province." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4599.

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Magister Psychologiae - MPsych
An epidemiological study was conducted with the main goal of describing the occurrences of the various STIs in the Eastern Cape province as well as biographical factors such as age, gender, and geographical location influencing them. Ten primary health care (PHC) centres located throughout the province served as sentinel sites for surveillance data collection for a period of 3 months using Daily and Monthly Report Forms. The surveillance data was analysed using relative frequencies to determine STIs prevalence. The main findings from the present study suggest that the most frequently encountered female syndromes were vaginal discharge and lower abdominal pains and most frequent male syndrome was Urethral discharge. Other syndromes accounted for less than 10% of the STI cases observed at the PHC centres during the study. The study also indicate that more STI patients were seen at urban PHC centres compared to rural ones and that most of the STI patients seen at PHC centres were women. These findings are helpful for the Health Department in the Eastern Cape Province to effectively plan for the control and prevention of all STIs including HIV I AIDS.

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Taye, Mami Dorothy. "Pain assessment of children under five years in a primary health care setting / Mami Dorothy Taye." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9844.

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Pain is a very common problem experienced by the general population and children in particular. It goes beyond personal suffering and affects all dimensions of the quality of life and general functioning of both adults and children, be it the physiological, psychological or financial aspects. Children may suffer from pain that may either be chronic or acute, depending on the diagnosis. Assessment of pain in children is equally important as that of adults, except that they lack the verbal fluency and cognitive development to communicate their pain. Children’s experience of pain is similar to that of adults. Pain assessment is a key aspect in the nursing management of children and delivery of care within the Primary Health Care (PHC) setting. Effective pain assessment is thus reliant on comprehensive assessment of the child and his or her pain. The aim of this research was to explore and describe practices and perceptions of professional nurses working in a PHC facility regarding pain assessment of children under five years in the Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality and to formulate recommendations for professional nurses in PHC facilities to facilitate pain assessment in PHC settings. A qualitative study design was used and data was collected with the use of focus groups. A purposive sampling was conducted to select participants who represent the target population. The sample used for the study included all the professional nurses working in PHC facilities registered with the South African Nursing Council and that have at least one year of experience. The practical training of the researcher to conduct an interview was done prior to the actual research. A pilot focus group was conducted and the interview schedule was finalised. Semi-structured focus groups were used to obtain data from the participants. The researcher conducted 6 focus group interviews attended by 32 professional nurses. Data was collected until data saturation was achieved. Trustworthiness was ensured in accordance with the principles of credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability. Data was captured on a digital voice recorder and transcribed verbatim. Field notes were taken during each focus group. Data analysis was done by means of content analysis by the researcher and an independent co-coder. After consensus and saturation, three major themes emerged. Each theme was identified and divided into sub-themes and was consequently discussed together with the relevant data obtained from literature. The findings indicated that professional nurses perceive the assessment of pain in children under five years as a challenge. The combination of signs and symptoms to make decisions with pain assessment was identified as an area of concern. The participants further p erceived the history provided by the parent as important in the process of pain assessment. The conclusions drawn are that the professional nurses acknowledge that they don’t take sufficient notice of pain in children under five, which means that children with pain are neglected. Professional nurses maintain that there is a need for sufficient pain assessment and the need for guidelines and tools to assess pain in children under five, especially in the PHC setting. These professional nurses support the availability of guidelines to assist them to conduct effective and comprehensive pain assessment. The research report concluded with the researcher’s recommendations for nursing education, nursing research and nursing practice with specific formulation of guidelines for the facilitation of professional nurses to truly render effective and comprehensive pain assessment in PHC settings.
Thesis (MCur)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

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Ijezie, Echey. "An exploration of male participation in a PMTCT programme in West Itam, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5590.

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Magister Public Health - MPH
Since the introduction in 2005 of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) services in Akwa Ibom State in Nigeria the PMTCT programme has faced several challenges including that of poor male participation in the PMTCT programme. To date no research has focused on the issue of male participation in PMTCT programmes in Akwa Ibom State, and there is thus a limited understanding of why so few male partners of HIVpositive pregnant women participate in the State's PMTCT programme. It is therefore important to explore the factors affecting male involvement in PMTCT programmes in Akwa Ibom State, so that strategies can be put in place to help improve the overall health of their families and themselves. The overall aim of the study was thus to explore the factors affecting male participation in the PMTCT programme at a primary health care center in West Itam, Akwa Ibom State, in Nigeria. This explorative study was conducted using a descriptive qualitative research approach. The research study approach helped to understand the perspectives of the male partners of HIV positive pregnant women who received the PMTCT intervention, as well as key informants in the Primary Health Care (PHC) facility where these PMTCT services are offered. The study population consisted of all males living within the catchment area of the West Itam PHC, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. In the research study, 11 men were purposively sampled: five of whom were the partners of HIV-positive women who had attended, or were currently attending the PMTCT services at the West Itam PHC with their partner. The other six interviewees were local male community members – who would be eligible to potentially accompany their partner to PMTCT services at the facility. The data was collected through individual, in-depth interviews with the male partners and community members using a semi-structured interview guide. One focus group discussion (FGD) was conducted with key personnel working in the West Itam PHC using a semistructured interview guide. All interviews and the FGD were tape-recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Ethical approval was first obtained from the UWC Research Ethics Committee and the Ethics Committee of the Akwa Ibom State Ministry of Health before proceeding with the study. From this study, it is suggested that most of the respondents knew that PMTCT services are offered at the PHC West Itam. They knew their partner's next antenatal appointment, but only very few accompany their pregnant partners to the antenatal clinic. The striking reason being a lack of time/being busy. The key means of support of the partners' antenatal visits was giving their pregnant partners money for transport, and money for food/snacks (at the clinic). Inter-spousal communication was found to be good, and there appeared to be a perception by the men that antenatal clinic (ANC)/PMTCT is not only for women, with most of the men agreeing that it is useful for men to participate in PMTCT. The barriers to male participation in the PMTCT programme that were elicited in this study include lack of belief about HIV/AIDS and lack of awareness about PMTCT and the perception of PMTCT as a "women's affair". Another barrier to male participation in the PMTCT programme was the men being busy with their jobs/lack of time, and fear. Facility-based barriers include delays/time wasting at the clinic, and the nurses, who were identified as having an unaccommodating attitude towards the clients. Finally, the fact that the nurses and counsellors at the PHC West Itam were all female was a problem for men. It is recommended that there is need for advocacy and education to raise awareness about HIV/AIDS, and encourage male participation in PMTCT. It is also important to encourage the disclosure of HIV status by the women to their male partners. Furthermore, a separate male counselling unit needs to be created, as well as ensuring the employment of male nurses and counsellors. Additionally, the female nurses at the facility need to be trained/re-trained on proper attitude and confidentiality, and efforts must be made to avoid delays at the clinic.

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Matias, Fernanda. "Caracterização de linhagens bacterianas isoladas da biodiversidade brasileira quanto à produção de biopolímeros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-17042009-145400/.

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O lixo urbano tem sido apontado como um dos maiores poluentes ambientais. O lixo plástico chega a representar 20% do volume do lixo doméstico. Como alternativa aos plásticos petroquímicos, produtos plásticos menos agressivos ao meio ambiente e mais biodegradáveis têm sido estudados, entre eles os polihidroxialcanoatos (PHA). Os PHA são poliésteres biodegradáveis acumulados como material de reserva por inúmeras bactérias e que possuem aplicabilidade comercial bastante abrangente. Recentemente, os actinomicetos passaram a ser estudados para a produção destes polímeros. Em trabalho prévio, 53 novas linhagens de actinomicetos produtoras de biopolímeros foram isoladas de solo. Neste trabalho foi feita a seleção das bactérias quanto aos polímeros produzidos em diferentes de carbono. Das quatro linhagens selecionadas, duas foram analisadas quanto à produção de um novo polímero. Nas outras duas linhagens foram amplificados e estudados os genes sintetizadores dos polímeros. Em todas as linhagens foram feitas análises taxonômicas e cultivos em rejeitos industriais.
The urban waste has been described as one of the largest environmental pollutants. The plastic garbage can represent up to 20% of the volume of household waste. As an alternative to petrochemical plastics, plastic products less damaging to the environment and more biodegradable have been studied, among them polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). The PHA is a biodegradable polyester material accumulated as a reserve material by many bacteria and they have very broad commercial applicability. Recently, the actinomycetes have been studied for the production of polymers. In previous work, 53 new strains of actinomycetes producers of polymers were isolated from soil. In this work the bacterial the selection of bacteria was made concerning the polymers production on different carbon. Of the four strains selected, two were analyzed for the production of a new polymer. In the other two strains were amplified and studied the genes of polymers synthases. In all lineages were analyzed taxonomically and in cultivation on industrial waste.

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44

Martinho, Neudson Johnson. "Guideline in Prenatal: development of nursing technoloy in the light of CIPE â alpha version." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2005. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=201.

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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico
The obstetric nurse returns to the scenery of reproductive health with their responsibilities enlarged, as strategy proposed by the World Organization of Health - OMS, for the reduction of the maternal and perinatal mortality rates. This fact increases the demands of better professional qualification, so that the interventions implemented for the protection of womenâs and childrenâs health are effective and efficacious. In this perspective, we developed this documental study, aiming to propose a guideline for the nursesâ clinical actions in prenatal consultations in the physiological dimension, subsidized in the International Classification for the Practice of Nursing-CIPE. It was developed at the Center of Natural Childbirth of the Center of Family Development - CEDEFAM/UFC, located in the city of Fortaleza-CE. The population was constituted of 253 records of pregnant women that attended the prenatal nursing consultation in the period between July 2003 and August 2004, and the sample was composed of 62 records selected at random. We used an instrument for data collection that contained the Nursing phenomena according to the CIPE - alpha version. The data were collected in the months of May and August 2004. We detected that the more prevalent phenomenon in the pregnant women were: intermittent sleep (56,5%); functional dyspnea (51,6%); edema (37,1%); orthopnea (35,5%) and constipation (32,2%). We carried out the tests of association qui-square and Firsher, but there was not association of the phenomenon among themselves, nor with the other variables of the study. The conduct guideâs development made it possible to verify that the construction of technologies is something accessible to Nursing and that the CIPE can contribute to a better organization of the nurseâs actions during prenatal period, starting from the answers of the pregnant women facing the physiological alterations caused by pregnancy
O enfermeiro obstetra volta ao cenÃrio da saÃde reprodutiva com suas responsabilidades ampliadas, como estratÃgia proposta pela OrganizaÃÃo Mundial da SaÃde â OMS, para a reduÃÃo dos Ãndices de morbi-mortalidade materna e perinatal. Este fato, torna maior a exigÃncia de melhor qualificaÃÃo profissional, para que as intervenÃÃes implementadas para proteÃÃo Ã saÃde da mulher e da crianÃa sejam efetivas e eficazes. Nesta perspectiva, desenvolvi este estudo documental, objetivando propor um guia de conduta para as aÃÃes clÃnicas dos enfermeiros em consulta prÃ-natal na dimensÃo fisiolÃgica, subsidiado na ClassificaÃÃo Internacional para a PrÃtica de Enfermagem-CIPE. Foi desenvolvido no Centro de Parto Natural, do Centro de Desenvolvimento Familiar (CEDEFAM) da Universidade Federal do CearÃ (UFC), localizado na cidade de Fortaleza-CE. A populaÃÃo se constituiu de 253 prontuÃrios de gestantes que se submeteram a consulta de enfermagem em prÃ-natal no perÃodo compreendido entre julho de 2003 a agosto de 2004, e a amostra foi composta por 62 prontuÃrios randomicamente selecionados. Utilizei um instrumento para coleta de dados que continha os fenÃmenos de Enfermagem segundo a CIPE - versÃo alfa. Os dados foram coletados nos meses de maio a agosto de 2004. Detectei que os fenÃmenos mais prevalentes nas gestantes foram: sono intermitente (56,5%); dispnÃia funcional (51,6%); edema (37,1%); ortopnÃia (35,5%) e constipaÃÃo (32,2%). Efetivei os testes de associaÃÃo de qui-quadrado e Firsher, mas nÃo houve associaÃÃo dos fenÃmenos entre si e nem com as demais variÃveis do estudo. O desenvolvimento do guia de conduta me possibilitou verificar que o uso de tecnologias Ã algo acessÃvel Ã Enfermagem e que a CIPE pode contribuir para melhor organizaÃÃo das aÃÃes do enfermeiro no prÃ-natal, a partir das respostas das gestantes frente Ãs alteraÃÃes fisiolÃgicas ocasionadas pela gravidez

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45

Martinho, Neudson Jonhson. "Guideline in prenatal: development of nursing technoloy in the light of CIPE, alpha version." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2005. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=316.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior
O enfermeiro obstetra volta ao cenÃrio da saÃde reprodutiva com suas responsabilidades ampliadas, como estratÃgia proposta pela OrganizaÃÃo Mundial da SaÃde â OMS, para a reduÃÃo dos Ãndices de morbi-mortalidade materna e perinatal. Este fato, torna maior a exigÃncia de melhor qualificaÃÃo profissional, para que as intervenÃÃes implementadas para proteÃÃo Ã saÃde da mulher e da crianÃa sejam efetivas e eficazes. Nesta perspectiva, desenvolvi este estudo documental, objetivando propor um guia de conduta para as aÃÃes clÃnicas dos enfermeiros em consulta prÃ-natal na dimensÃo fisiolÃgica, subsidiado na ClassificaÃÃo Internacional para a PrÃtica de Enfermagem-CIPE. Foi desenvolvido no Centro de Parto Natural, do Centro de Desenvolvimento Familiar (CEDEFAM) da Universidade Federal do CearÃ (UFC), localizado na cidade de Fortaleza-CE. A populaÃÃo se constituiu de 253 prontuÃrios de gestantes que se submeteram a consulta de enfermagem em prÃ-natal no perÃodo compreendido entre julho de 2003 a agosto de 2004, e a amostra foi composta por 62 prontuÃrios randomicamente selecionados. Utilizei um instrumento para coleta de dados que continha os fenÃmenos de Enfermagem segundo a CIPE - versÃo alfa. Os dados foram coletados nos meses de maio a agosto de 2004. Detectei que os fenÃmenos mais prevalentes nas gestantes foram: sono intermitente (56,5%); dispnÃia funcional (51,6%); edema (37,1%); ortopnÃia (35,5%) e constipaÃÃo (32,2%). Efetivei os testes de associaÃÃo de qui-quadrado e Firsher, mas nÃo houve associaÃÃo dos fenÃmenos entre si e nem com as demais variÃveis do estudo. O desenvolvimento do guia de conduta me possibilitou verificar que o uso de tecnologias Ã algo acessÃvel Ã Enfermagem e que a CIPE pode contribuir para melhor organizaÃÃo das aÃÃes do enfermeiro no prÃ-natal, a partir das respostas das gestantes frente Ãs alteraÃÃes fisiolÃgicas ocasionadas pela gravidez.
The obstetric nurse returns to the scenery of reproductive health with their responsibilities enlarged, as strategy proposed by the World Organization of Health - OMS, for the reduction of the maternal and perinatal mortality rates. This fact increases the demands of better professional qualification, so that the interventions implemented for the protection of womenâs and childrenâs health are effective and efficacious. In this perspective, we developed this documental study, aiming to propose a guideline for the nursesâ clinical actions in prenatal consultations in the physiological dimension, subsidized in the International Classification for the Practice of Nursing-CIPE. It was developed at the Center of Natural Childbirth of the Center of Family Development - CEDEFAM/UFC, located in the city of Fortaleza-CE. The population was constituted of 253 records of pregnant women that attended the prenatal nursing consultation in the period between July 2003 and August 2004, and the sample was composed of 62 records selected at random. We used an instrument for data collection that contained the Nursing phenomena according to the CIPE - alpha version. The data were collected in the months of May and August 2004. We detected that the more prevalent phenomenon in the pregnant women were: intermittent sleep (56,5%); functional dyspnea (51,6%); edema (37,1%); orthopnea (35,5%) and constipation (32,2%). We carried out the tests of association qui-square and Firsher, but there was not association of the phenomenon among themselves, nor with the other variables of the study. The conduct guideâs development made it possible to verify that the construction of technologies is something accessible to Nursing and that the CIPE can contribute to a better organization of the nurseâs actions during prenatal period, starting from the answers of the pregnant women facing the physiological alterations caused by pregnancy

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46

Grossová, Marie. "Produkce polyhydroxyalkanoátů s využitím odpadních substrátů a jejich následná izolace." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216717.

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The aim of this work is to study the possibility of microbial production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). PHA can be used as biodegradable materials. Bacterial strain Cupriavidus necator was used for laboratory production of PHA. This bacterium was cultivated in medium with various precursors to produce copolymers of 3HB with 3HV or 4HB. Another part of the work was aimed at cultivation of C. necator on different waste substrates, especially oils, with the aim to achieve the highest production of polymer. Another large part of the thesis is dedicated to isolation strategies of PHA using enzymes. Commercially used proteases – alcalase and pancreatin – can be used with advantages for digestion of bacterial cells. A number of optimization experiments showed that application of proteases leads to enhancement of PHA purity to about 13%. Purity increase up to 90 % was achieved by adding a surfactant, which promotes the solubility of non-PHA forming polymer. This surfactant increases the purity of 20 % when compared to control. The last part of presented work deals with the use of enzyme solution isolated from Bacillus subtilis medium. Its application to C. necator culture led to the yield of polymer at a purity exceeding 95 %. These results could represent the basis for new isolation strategies, which can lead to more efficient yield of PHA.

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47

Montoni, Alicia. "Caractérisation pharmacologique et structurale de nouveaux sites de liaison de peptides analogues du VIP : le PHI/PHM et le PACAP-38." Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT2270.

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Les neuropeptides VIP, PACAP et PHI/PHM agissent sur toutes les grandes fonctions physiologiques par l'intermédiaire de récepteurs membranaires couplés à des protéines G (VPAC1, VPAC2 et PAC1). Des sites de liaison présentant un profil pharmacologique atypique ont également été identifiés, notamment des sites de liaison du VIP insensibles au GTP et discriminés par le PHI/PHM. Sur cette base pharmacologique, l'isolement et la caractérisation pharmacologique et fonctionnelle d'un ADNc dont l'expression dans des cellules de mammifères induit une activité de liaison de haute affinité du PHI/PHM a été entreprise. La seconde partie de ce mémoire présente les effets activateurs du VIP et du PACAP sur le transporteur CFTR via des récepteurs présentant une pharmacologie atypique, notamment une haute sélectivité pour le PACAP-38. L'élaboration du radiopeptide 125I-PACAP-38 a conduit à définir, dans les cellules SH-SY-5Y, une nouvelle classe de sites de liaison sélectifs du PACAP-38
VIP, PACAP and PHI/PHM are neuropeptides act on several physiological functions interacting through G proteins coupled transmembrane receptors (VPAC1, VPAC2 and PAC1). Some particular binding sites presenting a different pharmacological profile have been identified, in particular GTP-insensitive binding sites, selectively discriminated by PHI/PHM. A cDNA (Clone 6) was isolated and characterized according to its ability to induce the binding of PHI/PHM with high affinity in mammalian cells. The second part of this work presents the stimulating properties of VIP and PACAP on CFTR activity, involving receptors with a peculiar pharmacology, particularly an high selectivity for PACAP-38. Development of the 125I-PACAP-38 radiopeptide allowed us to identify a new binding site class of PACAP-38 which interacts neither with PACAP-27 nor with VIP, in a cell culture model (SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line)

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48

Wurstová, Agáta. "Studium biodegradace polyhydroxyalkanoátů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217066.

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The master‘s thesis is focused on the study of biodegradation of polyhydroxyalkanoates, namely polymer polyhydroxybutyrate. The first part of the thesis is focused on the study of biodegradation of polyhydroxybutyrate in the form of crystalline granules of PHB and PHB films using selected species of microorganisms from bacteria, yeasts and fungi. As a representative of bacteria was chosen microorganism Delftia acidorovans, as yeast was selected Aureobasidium pullulans and Aspergillus fumigatus as fungi. PHB depolymerase activity was measured employing turbidemtiric method with suspension of PHB granules as substrate. The results showed that D. acidorovans can partially degrade PHB. On the contrary A. pullulans cannot effectively degrade PHB. The most significant degradation ability revealed A. fumigatus, which was able to degrade PHB completely. Extracellular enzymes excreted by these microorganisms when cultivated on PHB materials as sole carbon sources were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The second part of the thesis deals with the biodegradation of PHB in the form of PHB film, PHB hardened foil and PHB Nanoul fabric using standard composting test. Semi-solid cultivation showed positive results. In the interval from 14 days to two months were all forms of the PHB completely biodegraded. With semi-solid cultivation was also studied biodegradation rate of the polyurethane elastomeric films which were modified by partial replacement of polyester polyol by PHB. The test samples were prepared using PHB from Sigma and the PHB samples prepared at the Faculty of chemistry VUT. Samples with different concentrations of the dispersed PHB (1 %, 5 % and 10 %) in the polyurethane were also object of the study. At the end of the cultivation (after 2 months) were measured mechanical properties in tension of the material, then efficiency of biodegradation by gravimetric analysis and modification of the material surface by microscopic analysis.

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Bornman, Juan 1968. "The development of a primary level communication intervention protocol for children with severe disabilities." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27719.

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Service delivery to children with severe disabilities (CSDs) in developing countries share some common characteristics. These include inaccessible services due to the fact that the majority of services are located in a few large cities, the focus of services are usually on school-age children (with few for pre-schoolers), many services require specialised staff and high technology equipment that is not always available and professionals who tend to work in isolation with minimal integration between services. A particularly vulnerable group within the sphere of CSDs are beginning communicators because of their inability to articulate their needs, feelings and rights. Programmes to specifically address these communication needs by equipping them with the necessary skills to interact and participate in society, are very limited. Often the first contact that primary caregivers of a CSD have with professionals, is with the community health nurse. Furthermore, they often remain the only professionals who provide continuous support and assistance to these caregivers. It is therefore clear that these nurses need to be equipped with the necessary knowledge and skills in order to assist caregivers in dealing with their children with severe disabilities. This can be done by training these nurses (through multiskilling) to function as transdisciplinary professionals. Furthermore, a need for appropriate materials for service delivery to this population also exists. Consequently the BCIP (Beginning Communication Intervention Protocol) was developed. The BCIP addresses four important communication domains, namely communication means (including objects, photographs, manual signs, PCS symbols and a simplified 4-option digital speaker), functions (namely informational functions e.g. requesting more, requesting help, etc. and social functions, e.g. greeting, drawing attention to self, etc.), partners (both adults and peers) and the deliberate creation of communication opportunities (e.g. by providing small portions, placing desired items out of research) etc. Care was taken to ensure culture sensitivity and the authenticity of the BCIP. Twenty community health nurses were trained in the application of the BCIP. Training employed adult learning principles and was one week long, followed by three follow-ups that were conducted in situ (at two weeks, six weeks and five months post-training). Multiple measurements were used to evaluate the knowledge and skills acquired after training, namely questionnaires, structured interviews, skill demonstrations (which were video recorded and rated by the researcher and an independent rater) and a focus group. Results indicated that the BCIP training is relevant in bringing about a significant change in the targeted domains, namely knowledge and skills. Peripheral behaviours (namely attitudes, job satisfaction and type of service delivery provided) were all rated high at the onset of the research and thus quantitative data failed to show improvement. On the other hand, qualitative data from the focus group suggested improvement.
Dissertation (PhD (Augmentative and Alternative Communication))--University of Pretoria, 2004.
Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication (CAAC)
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Lorraine, Ross James. "PhD - Composition." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398867.

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