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Journal articles on the topic 'PHCN'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Martínez-Hernández, Cristian, Patricia Gómez-Claramunt, Samia Benmansour, and Carlos J. Gómez-García. "Pre- and post-synthetic modulation of the ordering temperatures in a family of anilato-based magnets." Dalton Transactions 48, no. 35 (2019): 13212–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9dt02275a.

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Pre- and post-synthetic inclusion of solvent molecules in the anilato-based 2D honeycomb ferrimagnets (NBu4)[MnCr(C6O4Br2)]·G, G = PhCl, PhBr, PhI, PhCH3, PhCN and PhNO2, increases their ordering temperatures (from 5.5–6.3 K to 9.5–11.4 K).
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2

Lim, Eunhee. "The Effects of Molecular Packing Behavior of Small-Molecule Acceptors in Ternary Organic Solar Cells." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020755.

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Herein, two diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based, small-molecule isomers, o- and p-DPP-PhCN, were introduced as acceptors in ternary organic solar cells (OSCs). The isomers have the same molecular backbone but differ in the positions of the cyanide (CN) substituents (ortho and para), which greatly affects their packing behavior. Ternary solar cells composed of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):DPP-PhCN:phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) were fabricated, and the effects of the different packing behaviors of the third component on the device performance and the working mechanism of the ternary cells were investigated. The addition of o-DPP-PhCN with a relatively high-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level resulted in an increase in the open-circuit voltage (VOC) in the ternary devices, demonstrating the alloy-like structure of the two acceptors (o-DPP-PhCN and PCBM) in the ternary system. However, the p-DPP-PhCN-based ternary cells exhibited VOC values similar to that of a P3HT:PCBM binary cell, irrespective of the addition of p-DPP-PhCN, indicating a cascade energy-level structure in the ternary system and an effective charge transfer from the P3HT to the PCBM. Importantly, by increasing the addition of p-DPP-PhCN, the short-circuit current density increased substantially, resulting in pronounced shoulder peaks in the external quantum efficiency responses in the long-wavelength region, corresponding to the contribution of the photocurrent generated by the light absorption of p-DPP-PhCN. Despite sharing the same molecular backbone, the two DPP-PhCNs exhibited substantially different packing behaviors according to the position of their CN substituents, which also greatly affected the working mechanism of the ternary devices fabricated using the DPP-PhCNs as the third component.
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3

Chidi, Christopher O., and Oluseyi A. Shadare. "Influence Of Host Community On Industrial Relations Practices And Policies: A Survey Of Agbara Community And Power Holding Company Of Nigeria (PHCN)." Journal of International Education Research (JIER) 7, no. 3 (July 11, 2011): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jier.v7i3.4973.

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This study investigated the influence of host community on industrial relations practices and policies using Agbara community and Power Holding Company of Nigeria PLC as a case. The study adopted both the qualitative and quantitative methods. A total of 120 samples were drawn from the population using the simple random sampling technique in which case every member of the population was given an equal and independent chance of being chosen. However, 75 questionnaires were returned upon which the data analysis was based. This was supplemented with the interwiew method. The response rate is 62.5%. With respect to the reliability of the instrument, the coefficient alpha or Cronbachs alpha is 0.73, which implies that the instrument is 73% reliable. The data analysis was carried out with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The Chi-square statistical technique was used to test the hypotheses at 5% level of significance. In testing the first hypothesis that PHCN industrial relations policies and practices are independent of its host community, the following variables were subjected to Chi-square test: 1) PHCN industrial relations policies are influenced by public opinion through the use of suggestion schemes (?2= 33.07 with 4 df; p < .05) and 2) customs/traditions of host community influence PHCN industrial relations policies (?2 = 60.93 with 4 df; p < .05). In testing the second hypothesis, the result of the chi-square test shows that an inclusive stakeholders approach is often used in resolving matters of mutual interest involving host community and PHCN (?2 = 54.23 with 3 df; p < .05). These results are statistically significant. Therefore, there is evidence to reject the null hypotheses and to conclude that PHCN industrial relations policies and practices are dependent or contingent on its host community. PHCN industrial relations policies and practices are influenced by its host community. The authors therefore recommend the inclusion of the host community as one of the actors in industrial relations. This was relegated to the background by Dunlop (1958) in his categorization of actors in industrial relations.
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4

Usifo, F. O., and Eromosele Oria Usifo. "Elimination of Frequent Electric Power Interruption Due to Lightning Discharge in Nigeria." Advanced Materials Research 18-19 (June 2007): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.18-19.111.

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The problems facing the Power Holding Company of Nigeria PLC (PHCN) which was formerly called the National Electric Power Authority (NEPA), are numerous to the extent that every power electric engineer both in the industrial sector and in academic is being challenged to proffer possible solutions. In an attempt, to combat some of these problems, this paper is therefore focused on a problem, affecting frequent power interruption to consumers during rainy season by PHCN. A research carried out before now ascertained that more than 500 hours were lost annually on power interruptions due to lightning discharge in various substations throughout the country during rainy season. Therefore, this paper has suggested the use of double lightning arresters instead of one, for the protection of industrial and domestic electrical installation work. It recommended the use of Thyrite or Oriaghe low voltage lightning arrester to prospective power consumers for domestic application. Also, for the high voltage protection it recommended the use of the high voltage Thyrite lightning arrester for lightning discharge protection of transformers and switch gears, used by PHCN.
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5

Quitmann, Catharina C., and Klaus Müller-Buschbaum. "Die Benzonitril-Addukte [Ho2Cl6(PhCN)6] und∞2[HoCl3(PhCN)]: Synthese, Kristallstrukturen, FIR- und MIR-Spektroskopische Untersuchungen." Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 630, no. 4 (April 2004): 573–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.200300384.

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6

Teramoto, Maki, Kouhei Ohnishi, Shigeaki Harayama, and Kazuya Watanabe. "An AraC/XylS Family Member at a High Level in a Hierarchy of Regulators for Phenol-Metabolizing Enzymes in Comamonas testosteroni R5." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 14 (July 15, 2002): 3941–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.14.3941-3946.2002.

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ABSTRACT Comamonas testosteroni strain R5 expresses a higher level of phenol-oxygenating activity than any other bacterial strain so far characterized. The expression of the operon encoding multicomponent phenol hydroxylase (mPH), which is responsible for the phenol-oxygenating activity, is controlled by two transcriptional regulators, PhcS and PhcR, in strain R5. In this study, we identified a third transcriptional regulator for the mPH operon (PhcT) that belongs to the AraC/XylS family. While the disruption of phcT in strain R5 significantly reduced the expression of the mPH operon, it did not eliminate the expression. However, the disruption of phcT in strain R5 increased the expression of phcR. The phenol-oxygenating activity was abolished by the disruption of phcR, indicating that PhcT alone was not sufficient to activate the expression of the mPH operon. The disruption of phcS has been shown in our previous study to confer the ability of strain R5 to express the mPH operon in the absence of the genuine substrate for mPH. PhcT was not involved in the gratuitous expression. Strain R5 thus possesses a more elaborate mechanism for regulating the mPH operon expression than has been found in other bacteria.
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7

Schwarz, Simon, Montserrat Galceran Mestres, Elke Niquet, Carlos F. Barboza da Silva, and Joachim Strähle. "Synthese und Struktur der Nitridokomplexe (Ph3Sb)2Cl3Os≡N-RhCl(COD), (Me2PhP)2(PhCN)Cl2Re≡N-RhCl2(C5Me5), [(Me2PhP)3(PhCN)ClRe≡N-OsCl2(CO)3][OsCl3(CO)3] und [(Me2PhP)3(PhCN)ClRe≡N-ReCl4-N≡ReCl(NCPh)(PMe2Ph)3][OsCl4(CO)2] / Synthesis and Structure of the Nitrido Complexes (Ph3Sb)2Cl3Os≡N-RhCl(COD), (Me2PhP)2(PhCN)Cl2Re≡N-RhCl2(C5Me5), [(Me2PhP)3(PhCN)ClRe≡N-OsCl2(CO)3][OsCl3(CO)3], and [(Me2PhP)3(PhCN)ClRe≡N-ReCl4-N≡ReCl(NCPh)(PMe2Ph)3][OsCl4(CO)2]." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 59, no. 2 (February 1, 2004): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2004-0208.

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The reaction of (Ph3Sb)2Cl3OsN with [Rh(μ-Cl)(COD)]2 in benzonitrile yields the heteronuclear nitrido complex (Ph3Sb)2Cl3Os≡N-RhCl(COD) (1). It crystallizes as dark brown blocks in the triclinic space group P1 with a = 1080.09(5), b = 1173.15(5), c = 1702.28(9) pm, α = 101.214(4), β = 92.923(8), γ = 92.836(5)֯, and Z = 2. The complex fragment RhCl(COD) is coordinated to the osmium nitrido complex via a linear nitrido bridge Os≡N-Rh, with a bond angle Os-N-Rh = 175.3(5)° and distances Os-N = 168.6(6) and Rh-N = 184.6(6) pm. The heteronuclear complexes (Me2PhP)2(PhCN)Cl2Re≡N-RhCl2(C5Me5) (2) and [(Me2PhP)3(PhCN)ClRe≡NOsCl2( CO)3][OsCl3(CO)3] (3) are obtained by the reaction of (Me2PhP)3Cl2ReN with [RhCl(μ- Cl)(C5Me5)]2 and [OsCl(μ-Cl)(CO)3]2, respectively, in benzonitrile. 2 forms orange red crystals with the composition 2・C6H5CN in the monoclinic space group P21/c and a =910.23(7), b =1255.4(1), c = 3761.5(3) pm, β = 95.617(9)° and Z = 4. The nitrido bridge Re≡N-Rh to the complex fragment [RhCl2(C5Me5)] has a bond angle Re-N-Rh of 171.9(3)° and distances Re-N = 169.4(5) and Rh-N = 201.9(5) pm. 3 forms yellow orange plates with the monoclinic space group P21/c and a = 1113.74(5), b = 2038.5(2), c = 2130.1(1) pm, β = 90.298(6)° and Z = 4. The nitrido bridge within the complex cation [(Me2PhP)3(PhCN)ClRe≡N-OsCl2(CO)3]+ is characterized by a bond angle Re-N-Os of 167.7(4)° and distances Re-N = 169.5(8) and Os-N = 206.1(8) pm. The ligands of the octahedral anion [OsCl3(CO)3]− are in a facial arrangement. The synthesis of 3 yields [{(Me2PhP)3(PhCN)ClRe≡N}2ReCl4][OsCl4(CO)2] (4) as a byproduct. It crystallizes as red brown blocks with the composition 4·CH2Cl2 in the space group P1 and a = 1444.2(1), b = 1536.3(1), c = 2150.5(2) pm, α =87.41(1), β =88.54(1), γ =62.453(8)° and Z =2. In the two symmetry independent, centrosymmetric cations [(Me2PhP)3(PhCN)ClRe≡N-ReCl4-N≡ReCl(NCPh)(PMe2Ph)3]2+ of 4 two nitrido complexes [(Me2PhP)3(PhCN)ClReN]+ coordinate with their terminal nitrido ligands a central, square planar ReCl4 unit. The resulting nitrido bridges with bond angles Re(1)-N(1)- Re(2) = 167.0(4)° and Re(3)-N(2)-Re(4) = 168.9(4)°, respectively, exhibit distances Re(1)-N(1) = 172.4(7) and Re(2)-N(1) = 197.1(7) or Re(3)-N(2) = 171.4(6) and Re(4)-N(2) = 197.1(6) pm. The two carbonyl ligands of the anion [OsCl4(CO)2]2− are in cis position.
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8

Yan, Weibo, Zhaoxia He, Jingjing Jiang, Di Lu, Yuancai Gong, Wensheng Yang, Ruidong Xia, Wei Huang, and Hao Xin. "Highly thermal-stable perylene-bisimide small molecules as efficient electron-transport materials for perovskite solar cells." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 42 (2020): 14773–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc04241b.

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9

Lyubov, Dmitry M., Anton V. Cherkasov, Georgy K. Fukin, Konstantin A. Lyssenko, Elena A. Rychagova, Sergey Yu Ketkov, and Alexander A. Trifonov. "Rare-earth metal-mediated PhCN insertion into N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)naphthalene-1,8-diamido dianion – a synthetic approach to complexes coordinated by ansa-bridged amido-amidinato ligand." Dalton Transactions 47, no. 2 (2018): 438–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7dt03809g.

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10

Kulikov, Vladislav, and Gerd Meyer. "Hexa- to Octamolybdate Rearrangement leads to the New Coordination Polymer [Ag(PhCN)(thb)]4[β-Mo8O26](PhCN)2." Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 640, no. 1 (November 29, 2013): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.201300391.

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11

Hong, Jianquan, Zhenhua Li, Zhening Chen, Linhong Weng, Xigeng Zhou, and Lixin Zhang. "Small molecule activation by mixed methyl/methylidene rare earth metal complexes." Dalton Transactions 45, no. 15 (2016): 6641–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6dt00314a.

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Diverse reactivity patterns of mixed tetramethyl/methylidene rare-earth complexes bearing bulky benzamidinate coligands with PhCN, alkynes, and CS2 have been established and fully characterized.
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12

Hikawa, Hidemasa, Yuuki Matsuura, Shoko Kikkawa, and Isao Azumaya. "Platinum(ii)-catalyzed dehydrative C3-benzylation of electron-deficient indoles with benzyl alcohols." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 6, no. 17 (2019): 3150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9qo00831d.

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13

Khrustalev, Victor N., Alexander Yu Vasil'kov, and Mikhail Yu Antipin. "Substituent effects in bis(arene)chromium compounds containing a CN group in the aromatic ring." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 61, no. 3 (May 13, 2005): 304–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768105008797.

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The crystal structures of Cr(PhCN)2 (2), (PhCN)Cr(PhCH3) (3) and (PhCN)Cr(PhCF3) (4) prepared by means of the Metal Vapor Synthesis (MVS) technique have been determined. Compounds (2), (3) and (4) crystallize as discrete sandwich complexes having intrinsic C 2v (mm2), C s (m) and C 1(1) symmetries, respectively. The X-ray diffraction study has revealed a synperiplanar conformation for (2) and (3), and a synclinal conformation for (4) with a torsion angle (C ipso 1–Centroid1–Centroid2–C ipso 2) of φ = 63.5°. The angles between the ligand planes are 2.2, 3.9 and 1.8°, respectively. The Cr atom is slightly (by 0.04–0.06 Å) displaced towards the substituents from the line connecting the centers of the opposite aromatic rings. The Cr—C ipso distances are 2.115 (2)–2.137 (2), 2.112 (2) and 2.185 (3) Å for CN, CF3 and CH3 groups, respectively. The CN groups as well as the H atoms lie out of the C 6 ring planes and are bent towards the Cr atom, but the C atom of the CH3 group also lying out of the C6 ring plane is bent away from the Cr atom. The C atom of the CF3 group is essentially coplanar to the C 6 ring plane. There are no unusual intermolecular contacts in the structures of (2)–(4).
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14

Isono, Kyo-ichi, Yu-ichi Fujimura, Jun Shinga, Makoto Yamaki, Jiyang O-Wang, Yoshihiro Takihara, Yasuaki Murahashi, Yuki Takada, Yoko Mizutani-Koseki, and Haruhiko Koseki. "Mammalian Polyhomeotic Homologues Phc2 and Phc1 Act in Synergy To Mediate Polycomb Repression of Hox Genes." Molecular and Cellular Biology 25, no. 15 (August 1, 2005): 6694–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.25.15.6694-6706.2005.

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ABSTRACT The Polycomb group (PcG) gene products form multimeric protein complexes and contribute to anterior-posterior (A-P) specification via the transcriptional regulation of Hox cluster genes. The Drosophila polyhomeotic genes and their mammalian orthologues, Phc1, Phc2, and Phc3, encode nuclear proteins that are constituents of evolutionarily conserved protein complexes designated class II PcG complexes. In this study, we describe the generation and phenotypes of Phc2-deficient mice. We show posterior transformations of the axial skeleton and premature senescence of mouse embryonic fibroblasts associated with derepression of Hox cluster genes and Cdkn2a genes, respectively. Synergistic actions of a Phc2 mutation with Phc1 and Rnf110 mutations during A-P specification, coimmunoprecipitation of their products from embryonic extracts, and chromatin immunoprecipitation by anti-Phc2 monoclonal antibodies suggest that Hox repression by Phc2 is mediated through the class II PcG complexes, probably via direct binding to the Hox locus. The genetic interactions further reveal the functional overlap between Phc2 and Phc1 and a strict dose-dependent requirement during A-P specification and embryonic survival. Functional redundancy between Phc2 and Phc1 leads us to hypothesize that the overall level of polyhomeotic orthologues in nuclei is a parameter that is critical in enabling the class II PcG complexes to exert their molecular functions.
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15

Adoghe, A. U., and I. A. Odigwe. "Automatic Transfer and Controller System for Standby Power Generator." Advanced Materials Research 62-64 (February 2009): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.62-64.187.

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An automatic transfer system (ATS) was developed to monitor the a.c. voltage coming from Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) line for power failure conditions. Upon detection of an outage for a predetermined period of time, the standby generator is started, once is up to speed, the load is transferred from the PHCN line to the local Generator. This ATS is capable of electrically monitoring fuel level, oil level, Battery strength, next maintenance schedule and then start or stop the unmanned Generator from the computer system located in the comfort of homes or offices outside the Generator site. In this paper therefore, an Automatic Transfer System (ATS) for Power Generator is designed to improve the operation and maintenance of power generators. The ATS which includes both hardware and software module, provides a functionality that allows a power generator to be controlled and monitored from a remote location
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16

Cervantes, G., V. Moreno, E. Molins, and C. Miravitlles. "Reactions of Pd(II) and Pt(II) Complexes With Tetraethylthiouram Disulfide." Metal-Based Drugs 4, no. 6 (January 1, 1997): 317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/mbd.1997.317.

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The reactions of tetraethylthiouram disulfide (DTS), an inhibitor of the nephrotoxicity of Pt(II) drugs, an efficient agent in the treatment of chronic alcoholism, in the treatment of HIV infections, AIDS and heavy metal toxicity, and a fungicide and herbicide, with K2[PtCl4], in ratio 1:1 and 1:2, gave the compounds [PtCl2DTS] and [Pt(S2CNEt2)2] respectively. The reaction of the complexes K2[PdCl4], Pd(AcO)2 and [PdCl2(PhCN)2], where PhCN = Benzonitrile, with tetraethylthiouram disulfide in ratio 1:1 or 1:2, yielded orange crystals identified as [Pd(S2CNEt2)2]. The crystals were suitable for study by X-ray diffraction. The -S-S- bridge in the tetraethylthiouram disulfude molecule was broken and the two molecules of the thiocarbamate derivative were bound to the Pd(II) by the equivalents sulfur atoms. All the compounds were characterized by IR, H1 and C13 NMR spectroscopies.
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17

Major, Christopher J., Karlee L. Bamford, Zheng-Wang Qu, and Douglas W. Stephan. "Hydroboration without a B–H bond: reactions of the borinium cation [(iPr2N)2B]+ with alkyne, nitrile, ketone and diazomethane." Chemical Communications 55, no. 35 (2019): 5155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc01302d.

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The borinium cation [(iPr2N)2B]+ (1+) is shown to react with PhCCH, PhCN, Ph2CO, and Ph2CN2 to effect a net hydroboration, affording borenium products of 1,1 and 1,2 hydroboration.
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18

Hitchcock, Peter B., Michael F. Lappert, and Xue-Hong Wei. "Synthesis and structures of four crystalline lithium β-diketiminates derived from [Li{CH(SiMe3)(SiMe2OMe)}]8 and PhCN or ButCN and PhCN." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 689, no. 8 (April 2004): 1342–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jorganchem.2004.01.011.

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19

Bambale, Abdu Ja‟afaru, Faridahwati Mohd Shamsudin, and Chandrakantan a/l Subramaniam. "Mediating effect of psychological ownership on the relationship of servant leadership and organizational citizenship: a conceptual model." Journal of Management and Science 1, no. 4 (December 30, 2012): 304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2012.39.

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This is a conceptual study that proposes examining a mediated model of organizationalcitizenship behavior (OCB) among employees of Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) Plc. ThePHCN Plc is a sole producer and distributor of electricity in Nigeria and plays a vital role in supporting thesocio-economic development of Nigeria. If performance of OCB is enhanced among employees of this utilityorganization, effective functioning of the organization and ultimate realization of its goals and objectives willalso be enhanced. Extensive review of relevant literature was done for better understanding of the currentdevelopment of research involving OCB, servant leadership and psychological ownership that constitute themodel of this study. Cross sectional and survey study will be employed as methods for data collection. Onestage cluster sampling technique will be employed to obtain representative response from a sample of 322lower and middle level employees of Kano PHCN Distribution Company. A combination of both descriptiveand inferential statistics will be employed to test the hypothesized model. Structural equation modeling (SEM)will be used in the analysis because of its analytical power of testing several relationships simultaneously andreducing measurement error.
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20

Nikiforov, Grigory B., Carsten Knapp, Jack Passmore, and Andreas Decken. "Interaction of TiF4 with the donor solvents SO2, PhCN, and MeCN." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 127, no. 10 (October 2006): 1398–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluchem.2006.05.022.

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21

Orukpe, P. E., and F. O. Agbontaen. "Prepaid Meter in Nigeria: The Story so Far and the Way Forward." Advanced Materials Research 824 (September 2013): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.824.114.

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The prepaid meter was introduced in Nigeria to aid revenue collection and generation by Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) in 2006 as well as abolished meter reading and estimated billing. Since its introduction there are still some challenges being faced by consumers and the power network operator. In this paper, we examined the Nigeria power sector, prepayment meter, advantages and disadvantages of the prepaid meter and smart meter in Nigeria. Finally, we make some recommendations.
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22

Adegboye, B. A. "Power Quality Assessment in a Distribution Network." Advanced Materials Research 62-64 (February 2009): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.62-64.53.

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The paper explores power quality disturbances on a specified section of the distribution network of a Textile Industry in Kaduna State of Nigeria. The 33kV PHCN incoming to the industry is stepped down to 11kV by a 7.5MVA, 33/11kV three-phase transformer. This transformer supplies various 11/.415kV transformers present in the distribution network. Another 11kV PHCN incoming is used in event of any failure from the 33/11kV transformer. The paper focuses on Transformer No. 1, a 150kVA, 11/.415kV three-phase transformer operating at 0.9 power factor, located at printing and dying (P/D) building 1. Majority of the loads on it are inductive. Measurements were taken at the secondary terminal of this transformer by the use of the Harmonitor 3000 power analyzer, which generates the voltage and current waveforms, power factor, voltage and current total harmonic distortion and the apparent power of the red, yellow and blue phases of the transformer. Analyses of these data reveal the disturbances due to harmonics in the phases and neutral of the transformer. The effect of the harmonic current is seen as poor power factor of the transformer. Considering the observations and analyses of the power quality of the transformer 1 (P/D), the paper proposes some recommendations for improving the power quality of the distribution network under study.
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23

Agapito-Ocampo, Alma Rosa, Benjamín Amaro-Guadarrama, Gerardo Díaz-Godínez, Ma de Lourdes Acosta-Urdapilleta, Liliana Aguilar-Marcelino, Edgar García-Hernández, and Maura Téllez-Téllez. "Edible coatings for strawberry based on extracellular compounds of Humphreya coffeata." BioResources 16, no. 3 (June 18, 2021): 5556–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.3.5556-5573.

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Edible coatings (EC) are a biodegradable alternative for food preservation. In this work EC based on extracellular compounds of Humphreya coffeata and pectin (PHC) were elaborated and characterized through testing on strawberries. Two PHC types were obtained (PHC1, which settled, and PHC2, which floated during the first separation). The conservation period of the strawberry and the phenol content and antioxidant activity in strawberries with the EC were determined. Four EC were prepared (EC1, EC2, EC3, and EC4), in which EC1 did not contain any PHC, EC2 contained PHC1, EC3 contained PHC2, and EC4 contained both PHCs. Three EC types (EC2, EC3, and EC4) delayed the decay of strawberries approximately 90% at 20 °C during the first 10 days of evaluation, and at 4 °C the effect was between 75 and 90% after 25 days of experimentation. However, EC3 and EC4, both of which contained PHC2, presented the best results. The content of total phenols (approximately 55 mg (gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/mL) and the free radical scavenging activity were 35% with ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and 75% with DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) in strawberries with EC. Thus, EC are an alternative for preserving strawberries without losing their antioxidant capacity.
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Kuhn, Norbert, Martin Grathwohl, Christiane Nachtigal, and Manfred Steimann. "2.3-Dihydro-2-Methoxyethylimino-L,3-Dimethylimidazol - Ein Neuer Hemilabil Koordinierender Chelatligand [1]." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 56, no. 8 (August 1, 2001): 704–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2001-0802.

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The bifunctional 2,3-dihydro-2-methoxyethylimino-l,3-dimethylimidazole (C8H 15N3O , 10) is obtained from the reaction of methoxyethyl tosylate (7) and 2,3-dihydro-2-imino-1,3- dimethylimidazole (8) followed by deprotonation in good yield. 10 reacts with {(COD)RhCl}2 (COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) to give the imine complex (C8H 15N3O)Rh(COD)Cl (11), which is converted into the chelate complex [(C8H15N3O)Rh(COD)]BF4 (12) on treatment with AgBF4. The imine complex (C8H15N3O) 2PdCl2 (13) is formed through the reaction of 10 with (PhCN)2PdCl2. The X-ray structures of 11, 13 and 2 C8H15N3O · H2PdCl4 (15) are reported
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Masuyama, Yoshiro, Kiyotaka Otake, and Yasuhiko Kurusu. "Diastereoselectivity in carbonyl allylation by allylic carbonates using pdcl2(phcn)2-sncl2 system." Tetrahedron Letters 29, no. 29 (January 1988): 3563–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-4039(88)85293-6.

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26

Gushchin, Artem L., Yuliya A. Laricheva, Pavel A. Abramov, and Maxim N. Sokolov. "Synthesis and electrochemical properties of [Ru IV 2 O(PhCN) 4 Cl 6 ]." Inorganic Chemistry Communications 95 (September 2018): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2018.07.033.

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27

Shen, Jing, Zhongping Ou, Jianguo Shao, Michał Gałęzowski, Daniel T. Gryko, and Karl M. Kadish. "Free-base corroles: determination of deprotonation constants in non-aqueous media." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 11, no. 04 (April 2007): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424607000321.

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A series of free-base corroles with different electron-donating or electron-withdrawing substituents were reacted with piperidine, 4-aminopyridine, 2-methylimidazole, 2-aminopyridine or pyridine in PhCN and the UV-visible spectral changes monitored during conversion of ( Cor ) H 3 to [( Cor ) H 2]- as a function of the concentration and strength of the added organic base. Analysis of the UV-visible spectral changes as a function of the added base concentration enabled calculation of equilibrium constants ( logK ) for deprotonation of each corrole under the given experimental conditions. Relationships are examined between the experimentally measured logK values and previously published spectroscopic and structural properties of the compounds.
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28

Ogujor, E. A., E. U. Ubeku, and P. T. Aikhoje. "Application of Pareto Analysis to Faults Identification in Electrical Distribution Network: A Case Study of Ugbowo 11kV Feeder, Benin City, Nigeria." Advanced Materials Research 62-64 (February 2009): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.62-64.75.

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Application of Pareto Analysis technique in major feeder pillar faults identification is presented in this paper. Power outage data due to feeder pillar faults were collected between January, 2005 and September, 2007 from Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), Ugbowo district office, Edo State, Nigeria for four feeder pillars. The data were processed and Pareto Analysis technique was applied to the field data. The results obtained shows that eliminating wrong fusing and overloading in Edaiken 2 and Holex feeder pillars will reduce faults by 77.42 and 79.53% respectively while eliminating wrong fusing, overloading and line-to-line faults in Uwasota 2 and Holy Rosary feeder pillars will reduce faults by 87.9 and 88.35% respectively.
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29

Gulyás, H., A. Dobó, and J. Bakos. "Synthesis of sulfated mono- and ditertiary phosphines, complex chemistry and catalysis." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 79, no. 5-6 (May 1, 2001): 1040–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v01-040.

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Cyclic and bicyclic sulfates have been prepared from commonly available alcohols. Nucleophilic cleavage of the cyclic sulfates affords a new type of water-soluble mono- and ditertiary phophines bearing -OSO3Li groups in distinguished positions in the molecular framework. Both phosphines have amphiphilic character. Reactions of the chiral 2 and the dppp analogue 5 with [Rh(COD)Cl]2 and Pt(PhCN)2Cl2 provide novel zwitterionic complexes. Rhodium complexes of 2 and 5 have been successfully applied in liquid biphasic hydroformylation of styrene and octene-1. When the rhodium complex of 5 was used as catalyst in hydroformylation of styrene, less then 4 ppm rhodium could be detected in the organic phase.Key words: cyclic sulfates, water soluble phosphines, amphiphilic character, Rh complexes, Pt complexes, hydroformylation.
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30

Hou, Hui-Lei, and Xiang Gao. "Aerobic Oxidations of C602– in the Presence of PhCN and PhCH2CN: Oxygenation versus Dehydrogenation Reactions." Journal of Organic Chemistry 77, no. 5 (February 22, 2012): 2553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo202616j.

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31

Hitchcock, Peter B., Michael F. Lappert, and Rafa?l Sablong. "Reactions of M[CH(SiMe3)2] (M = Na or K) with PhCN, and related chemistry." Dalton Transactions, no. 34 (2006): 4146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b601881e.

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32

Ebigenibo Genuine Saturday. "Nigerian Power Sector: A new structure required for effective and adequate power generation, transmission and distribution." Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 1, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 06–018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gjeta.2021.7.1.0035.

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In this paper, the structure of the Nigerian power sector is examined, the problems in the structure are identified and a new structure is proposed for effective power generation, transmission and distribution. Besides the problems usually canvassed, the current structure is defective from the perspective of the ownership of the power infrastructures, passive involvement of state governments and undue influence of the federal government. The reforms in the sector were driven by the Electric Power Sector Reform Act (EPSRA) of 2005, leading to the creation of Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) to take both the assets and the liabilities of the then National Electric Power Authority (NEPA), and the subsequent unbundling of PHCN to 18 successor companies – 6 power generating companies, one power transmission company and 11 power distribution companies. The new structure proposed in this work gives room for every state government to own power plants and distribute power in the various states. They can equally buy power from independent power producers. Power plants owned by the federal government in the present structure are to continue sending power to the national grid and made available to states with insufficient power generation in the new structure. Independent power producers can also send power to the national grid. The federal government will continue managing power transmission in the new structure. Each state government will own at least two power distribution companies in partnership with private organizations who will equally have a stake in the ownership of the power generating plants. The tariff of grid-connected power will be higher, encouraging states to go into active power generation. The new structure will enable the federal government to do away with rural electrification programme and other power generation options regulated by the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission which should be under the control of various state governments. New laws are needed in the place of the EPSRA to achieve the new structure. The federal government will make money from the proposed structure instead of spending huge sums of money in the present structure.
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33

Sule, I. "Simulation Model for Assessing Operational Performance of Current Transformers." Advanced Materials Research 18-19 (June 2007): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.18-19.71.

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In determining the correct operation of relays of a protection scheme, proper representation of instrument transformers and their behavior in conditions where there can be saturation, is very critical. The main objective of this paper is to develop simulation model for assessing the operational performance of Current Transformer (CT). In order to test the validity of the developed model, three cases of CT operational conditions were considered, with data collected from Gombe, 330/132/33kV PHCN substation. The simulation results revealed various configuration performance responses that could affect relay protective schemes to different degrees. The CT responses revealed that the secondary current and voltage were distorted when the core flux linkages exceeded the set 9.2 pu saturation limit. It is concluded that the model developed for the CT of interest yield satisfactory results.
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34

Soulivong, Daravong, Dominique Matt, Jack Harrowfield, and Loïc Toupet. "A Long-Chain Phosphine Designed as a Metallomesogen Generator—Synthesis and Coordination Properties." Australian Journal of Chemistry 57, no. 2 (2004): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch03264.

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The long-chain phosphine Me2PC≡C(p-C6H4CHNR C8) [L; RC8 = p-C6H4OC(O)(p-C6H4OC8H17)] has been prepared in two steps starting from 4-ethynylbenzaldehyde (1): (a) condensation of 1 with H2NRC8 (2) afforded the corresponding imine 3 (yield 86%) which displays liquid-crystalline behaviour; (b) deprotonation of 3 with LiNPri2 and subsequent reaction with Me2PCl gave a mixture of the phosphine–alkyne L and the precursor 3 (L : 3 = 60 : 40). Reaction of this mixture with [PtCl2(PhCN)2] produced cis-[PtCl2L2] (4) and provided an efficient means of separating the phosphine from 3. The crystal structure of imine 3 has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and analysis of this structure provides a basis for understanding both the mesogenic character of 3 and its absence in the complex 4.
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35

Bączek, Natalia, Krzysztof Strzelec, and Karolina Wąsikowska. "Magnetic recykling of complex catalysts immobilized on thiol-functionalized polymer supports." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 15, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2013-0046.

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Abstract In this work, the application of the thiol-functionalized epoxy resin encapsulated on magnetic core as supports for palladium catalysts is reported. The study focuses on obtaining of heterogeneous catalysts which can be separated by magnetic field. Palladium complex catalyst [PdCl2(PhCN)2] has been heterogenized by anchoring to these supports via ligand exchange reaction. The characterization of polymeric supports and heterogenized palladium catalysts has involved research methods like time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nitrogen BET surface area measurements. The activity and stability during long-term use of the investigated catalytic systems were tested in a Heck and hydrogenation reaction. The influence of the type of thiols used as epoxy hardeners and the morphology of the supports on the catalytic properties of epoxy-supported palladium catalysts was discussed.
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36

Adegboye, B. A., and M. G. Mele. "Investigating the Quality of Power Supply to a Large Commercial Installation." Advanced Materials Research 367 (October 2011): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.367.159.

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The paper investigates the quality of power supply to the Corporate Headquarters of the Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), PLC, Maitama, Abuja. This was facilitated by the measurements conducted using the harmonitor 3000 power analyzer on the secondary terminals of the two (2) 1000kVA, 11kV three-phase transformers serving the Company. The data on the network consisting of voltages, currents, power factor and harmonic distortion were acquired by the Harmonitor. Analysis of these data shows that there is significantly high variation between the minimum and the maximum voltage and that the phase loads are unbalanced. There is low power factor and the total harmonic distortions (THD) on the phases and neutral are high. The causes of the poor quality of power supply were identified and recommendations proposed taking into cognizance the complexity and sensitivity of the equipment in the network.
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37

Al-Najjar, Ibrahim M. "Synthesis and characterization of new complexes of cis-[PtCl2(PR3)(PhCN)] and cis-[PtCl2(PR3)(amine)]." Inorganica Chimica Acta 134, no. 1 (November 1987): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-1693(00)84443-6.

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38

Sokolov, M. N., O. A. Gerasko, S. F. Solodovnikov, and V. P. Fedin. "Synthesis and crystal structure of [Th2(�-SO4)2(DMSO)12]{[Mo3S7Br5(DMSO)]Br}2�2DMSO�PhCN." Journal of Structural Chemistry 45, no. 3 (May 2004): 490–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10947-005-0018-5.

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39

Ohkubo, Kei, Yuki Kawashima, Kentaro Mase, Hayato Sakai, Taku Hasobe, and Shunichi Fukuzumi. "Photoelectrochemical properties of supramolecular composites of an anionic zinc chlorin and Li+@C60 on SnO2." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 18, no. 10n11 (October 2014): 982–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424614500825.

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An electron donor–acceptor supramolecular complex was formed between an anionic zinc chlorin carboxylate ( ZnCh -) and lithium-ion-encapsulated [60]fullerene ( Li +@ C 60) by an electrostatic interaction in benzonitrile ( PhCN ). Photoinduced electron transfer in the supramolecular complex of ZnCh -/ Li +@ C 60 resulted in the formation of the charge-separated state via electron transfer from the triplet excited state of ZnCh - to Li +@ C 60. We report herein photovoltaic cells using ZnCh -/ Li +@ C 60 nanoclusters, which are assembled on the optically transparent electrode (OTE) of nanostructured SnO 2 (OTE/ SnO 2). The photoelectrochemical behavior of the nanostructured SnO 2 film of supramolecular nanoclusters of ZnCh - and Li +@ C 60 denoted as OTE/ SnO 2/( ZnCh -/ Li +@ C 60)n is significantly higher than the single component films of ZnCh - or Li +@ C 60 clusters, denoted as OTE/ SnO 2/( ZnCh -)n or OTE/ SnO 2/( Li +@ C 60)n.
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40

Schutte, Richard P., Steven J. Rettig, and Brian R. James. "Synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of a ruthenium(II) N,N′,N″-tris(2-pyridyl)phosphine complex. X-ray analysis of RuCl2(PPh3)(Ppy3) (py = 2-pyridyl)." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 74, no. 11 (November 1, 1996): 2064–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v96-235.

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Reaction of RuCl2(PPh3)3 with Ppy3 (py = 2-pyridyl) in benzene produced the N,N′,N″-Ppy3 complex RuCl2(PPh3)(Ppy3) 1. Crystals of RuCl2(PPh3)(Ppy3)•2CH2Cl2 (C35H31Cl6N3P2Ru) are monoclinic, a = 17.269(2), b = 10.797(1), c = 20.604(1) Å, β = 107.461(6)°, Z = 4, space group P21/c. The structure was solved by the Patterson method and was refined by full-matrix least-squares procedures to R = 0.039 and Rw = 0.035 for 4184 reflections with I ≥ 3σ(I). Complex 1 reacts in MeOH or benzene with two-electron donors (L) to give the chloride-substituted, [RuCl(L)(PPh3)(Ppy3)]PF6, or the triphenylphosphine-substituted products, RuCl2(L)(Ppy3), (L = CO, MeCN, PhCN), respectively. [RuCl(MeOH)(PPh3)(Ppy3)]BPh4 was also isolated. The non-coordinated phosphorus atom in 1 was oxidized to form RuCl2(PPh3)(OPpy3). Key words: ruthenium, pyridylphosphines, crystal structure
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41

Graham, Anthony W., Mohamedally Kurmoo, and Peter Day. "β″-(bedt-ttf)4[(H2O)Fe(C2O4)3]·PhCN: the first molecular superconductor containing paramagnetic metal ions." J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., no. 20 (1995): 2061–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c39950002061.

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42

Masuyama, Yoshiro, Ryoji Hayashi, Kiyotaka Otake, and Yasuhiko Kurusu. "Charge reversal of electrophilic π-allylpalladium intermediates; carbonyl allylation by allylic acetates with PdCl2(PhCN)2–SnCl2." J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., no. 1 (1988): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c39880000044.

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43

Khairul, Wan M., Meei Mei, Rafizah Rahamathullah, Siti Kamilah Che Soh, and Mustaffa Shamsuddin. "Palladium(II) Picoline Thiourea Complex as Homogenous Catalyst in Heck Cross-Coupling Reaction in the Formation of C=C Bond." Solid State Phenomena 273 (April 2018): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.273.115.

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Palladium (II) complex containing picoline thiourea (Pd-PTu) was prepared by reacting bis (benzonitrile) palladium (II) chloride (Pd-PhCN) with N’-2-(5-picolyl)-N-4-bromobenzoylthiourea (PTu). All synthesized compounds have been characterized via several selected typical spectroscopic and analytical techniques namely elemental analysis, Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H and 13C NMR) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). For Pd-PTu, IR spectrum showed significant shift in the ν (C=N) on the pyridine ring and ν (C=S) stretching vibration at around 30cm-1 compared to the free ligand. The finding indicated that the expected coordination of ligand to the palladium metal centre took place via N and S atoms. The catalytic reaction was monitored using GC-FID with conversion of 83.81 %, proved that Pd-PTu can be used as an ideal homogenous catalyst in any Heck cross-coupling reactions in the near future.
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44

Granitzka, Markus, Peter Stollberg, and Dietmar Stalke. "Bis-2-thienyldiethylaminophosphane as a Ligand in Late Transition Metal Complexes and its Transformation to Bis-2-thienylphosphane." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 69, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2014): 1429–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5560/znb.2014-4138.

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Abstract Bis-2-thienyldiethylaminophosphane (C4H3S)2PNEt2 (1) is introduced as a ligand for late transition metal complexes ([(H3C4S)2PNEt2]nMXmLp), with M = Ni(II), Au(I), Cu(I), Pd(II), Ir(I), X = Cl, Br and L = NCMe, COD, (2-7). Reactions of 1 with the late transition metal salts NiCl2·dme, (Me2S)AuCl, CuCl, PdCl2(PhCN)2, and [Ir(COD)Cl]2 yield the complexes [{(H3C4S)2PNEt2}2 · NiCl2] (2), [(H3C4S)2PNEt2 · AuCl] (3) [(H3C4S)2PNEt2·CuCl(CH3CN)]2 (4), [{(H3C4S)2PNEt2}2 · PdCl2] (5), [{(H3C4S)2PNEt2}2·PdCl2]2 (6), and [(H3C4S)2PNEt2·IrCl(COD)] (7). In addition, the transformation of 1 to the valuable chlorine-substituted starting material (H3C4S)2PCl (8) and the related conversion of 8 to the secondary phosphane (H3C4S)2PH (9) is reported. The complexes 2-7 are stable under inert gas conditions and were characterized by single-crystal X-ray studies, NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis.
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45

Luong, Xuan-Dien, and Xuan-Truong Nguyen. "Metal Complexes of π-Expanded Ligand (7): Syntheses, Structures and Properties of Pt(II) Complexes Containing the Isomeric 1- and 2-Alkyliminomethyl Pyrene Ligands." Crystals 10, no. 6 (June 3, 2020): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10060476.

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A [O,N] bidentate π-expanded ligand system, (E)-1-(n-octylimino)methylpyren-2-ol (2), was newly synthesized via a six-step synthesis from pyrene. The ligand 2 reacts with [PtCl2(PhCN)2] in chlorobenzene and the presence of a base at reflux for 2 h under the formation of (2(Pt)) complex with a yield of 70%. The molecular structure of (2(Pt)), studied by common spectroscopic methods and X-ray diffraction, shows a square planar geometry with a trans-configuration of the ligands. The molecular structure, absorption spectra, electrochemical properties, and phosphorescence characteristics of the (2(Pt)) complex are discussed, emphasizing the comparison with those of the previously reported Pt complex (1(Pt)) containing the isomeric ligands of 2, (E)-2-(n-octylimino)methylpyren-1-ol. The DFT calculations of the two Pt complexes are carried out and exhibit a clear explanation of the relationship between their physico-chemical characteristics.
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46

Bagi, Péter, Réka Herbay, Gábor Györke, Péter Pongrácz, László Kollár, István Timári, László Drahos, and György Keglevich. "Preparation of Palladium(II) Complexes of 1-substituted-3-phospholene Ligands and their Evaluation as Catalysts in Hydroalkoxycarbonylation." Current Organic Chemistry 23, no. 25 (January 14, 2020): 2873–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272823666191204151311.

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: A series of palladium(II) complexes incorporating 1-substituted-3-methyl-3- phospholenes as the P-ligands were prepared from phospholene oxides by deoxygenation followed by complexation with PdCl2(PhCN)2. The two 1-substituted-3-methyl-3- phospholene ligands were trans position to each other in the Pd(II)-complexes. As the ligands contain a P-stereogenic center, the Pd-complexes were obtained as a 1:1 mixture of two stereoisomers, the homochiral (R,R and S,S) and the meso (R,S) forms, when racemic starting materials were used. An optically active Pd-complex containing (R)-1-propyl- 3-phospholene ligand was also prepared. Catalytic activity of an aryl- and an alkyl-3- phospholene-palladium(II)-complex was evaluated in hydroalkoxycarbonylation of styrene. The alkyl-derivative showed higher activity and selectivity towards the formation of the esters of 3-phenylpropionic acid. However, the overall activity of these PdCl2(phospholene)2-type complexes was low.
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47

Sakai, Hayato, Takuya Kamimura, Fumito Tani, and Taku Hasobe. "Supramolecular photovoltaic cells utilizing inclusion complexes composed of Li+@C60 and cyclic porphyrin dimer." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 19, no. 01-03 (January 2015): 242–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424614501156.

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We have newly constructed supramolecular photovoltaic cells using inclusion complexes of lithium-ion-encapsulated [60]fullerene ( Li +@ C 60) and cyclic porphyrin dimers (M-CPDPy, M = H 4 and Ni 2). First, supramolecular inclusion complexes of Li +@ C 60 and M-CPDPy were prepared in MeCN/PhCN (3/1, v/v) by rapid injection method. The molecular aggregates with spherical nanoparticles demonstrated a broad absorption property in the visible region. The macroscopic structures were also estimated to be ca. 200 nm in diameter by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. The photoelectrochemical solar cells composed of these assemblies on nanostructured SnO 2 electrode were fabricated by electrophoretic deposition method. The photoelectrochemical behavior of the nanostructured SnO 2 film of supramolecular nanoassemblies of Li +@ C 60 and M-CPDPy is significantly higher than those of the single component films ( Li +@ C 60 or M-CPDPy) and supramolecular inclusion complexes of pristine C 60 and M-CPDPy.
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48

Kadish, Karl M., Zhongping Ou, Riqiang Zhan, Tony Khoury, Wenbo E, and Maxwell J. Crossley. "Synthesis, electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry of tetraundecylporphyrins in nonaqueous media." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 14, no. 10 (October 2010): 866–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424610002732.

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Six meso-substituted tetraundecylporphyrins were prepared in high yield using an improved synthetic method and then characterized by electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry as well as UV-vis, FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. The examined compounds are represented as (TUP)M where M = H2, ZnII, CuII, NiII, PdII or MnIIICl and TUP is the dianion of a porphyrin having undecyl groups (-CH2(CH2)9CH3) on the four meso-positions of the macrocycle. Two oxidations are observed for each compound in CH2Cl2 and PhCN containing 0.1 M TBAP, leading to the stepwise formation of π-cation radicals and dications. The free-base and MnIIICl derivatives undergo two reductions but only one reversible reduction is seen for the other porphyrins under the given solution conditions. Comparisons are made between the electrochemical behavior of the (TUP)M derivatives and two related series of porphyrins, (TPP)M and (OEP)M. The effect of substituents on the meso-positions of the TUP macrocycle is also discussed.
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49

Akkurt, H. Yasemin Yenilmez, Ali ihsan Okur, and Ahmet Gül. "Unsymmetrical phthalocyanines with cyclopalladated azo functions." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 16, no. 02 (February 2012): 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424612004525.

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In this study, a synthetic procedure for unsymmetrical metallophthalocyanines of the form M[Pc(AB3)], where A and B refer to two different types of peripheral functionality, has been developed and the new compounds have been converted to monomeric and dimeric palladium complexes. Asymmetrically substituted phthalocyanines were synthesized with the well-known statistical condensation method, by using two differently substituted precursors, namely 4-(2-ethoxyethoxy)-1-2-dicyanobenzene (1) and 4-{4-[Z/E]-phenylazo]-1-naphthyl}oxy-1,2-dicyanobenzene (2). Consequently, electron-donating 2-ethoxyethoxy groups and electron-withdrawing palladium complex are present in the same structure. Cyclopalladation was performed with [Pd(PhCN)2Cl2] to yield the bis-μ-chloro-bridged dimers and subsequently, the corresponding monomers were obtained by refluxing with three equivalents of potassium acetylacetonate. The resulting products were purified by column chromatography and characterized by several chemical and spectroscopic analysis methods. All compounds have very high solubility in organic solvents due to the presence of 2-ethoxyethoxy moiety.
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50

Okoro, O. I., and E. Chikuni. "Power sector reforms in Nigeria: opportunities and challenges." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 18, no. 3 (August 1, 2007): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2007/v18i3a3386.

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Constant power supply is the hallmark of a devel-oped economy. Any nation whose energy need is epileptic in supply, prolongs her development and risks losing potential investors. Nigeria, a country of over 120 million people, has for the past 33 years of establishment of the National Electric Power Authority (NEPA) agency empowered with the elec-tricity generation, transmission and distribution, wit-nessed frequent and persistent outages. Presently, the federal government has embarked on power sector reforms with the intention of improving the above unpalatable scenario and in turn reduce the scope of monopoly control of the nation’s power industry. This paper therefore looks at the overall power sector reforms as well as evaluates the opportunities and challenges there from; while advocating introduction of a demand side manage-ment (DSM) program by Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) as a way of reducing energy con-sumption among customers with emphasis on ener-gy conservation, energy efficiency and load man-agement.
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