Relevant bibliographies by topics / PHD-2

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Academic literature on the topic 'PHD-2'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 24 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "PHD-2"

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Li, Ningjun, Fan Yi, Christina M. Sundy, et al. "Expression and actions of HIF prolyl-4-hydroxylase in the rat kidneys." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 292, no. 1 (2007): F207—F216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00457.2005.

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Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain-containing proteins (PHDs) promote the degradation of HIF-1α. Because HIF-1α is highly expressed in the renal medulla and HIF-1α-targeted genes such as nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase, and heme oxygenase are important in the regulation of renal medullary function, we hypothesized that PHD regulates HIF-1α levels in the renal medulla and, thereby, participates in the control of renal Na+ excretion. Using real-time RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemical analyses, we have demonstrated that all three isoforms of PHD, PHD1, PHD2, and PHD3, are expressed in the kidneys and that PHD2 is the most abundant isoform. Regionally, all PHDs exhibited much higher levels in renal medulla than cortex. A furosemide-induced increase in renal medullary tissue Po2 significantly decreased PHD levels in renal medulla, whereas hypoxia significantly increased mRNA levels of PHDs in cultured renal medullary interstitial cells, indicating that O2 regulates PHDs. Functionally, the PHD inhibitor l-mimosine (l-Mim, 50 mg·kg−1·day−1 ip for 2 wk) substantially upregulated HIF-1α expression in the kidneys, especially in the renal medulla, and remarkably enhanced (by >80%) the natriuretic response to renal perfusion pressure in Sprague-Dawley rats. Inhibition of HIF transcriptional activity by renal medullary transfection of HIF-1α decoy oligodeoxynucleotides attenuated l-Mim-induced enhancement of pressure natriuresis, which confirmed that HIF-1α mediated the effect of l-Mim. These results indicate that highly expressed PHDs in the renal medulla make an important contribution to the control of renal Na+ excretion through regulation of HIF-1α and its targeted genes.
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Saito, Atsushi, Tokuro Iwabuchi, and Shigeaki Harayama. "A Novel Phenanthrene Dioxygenase fromNocardioides sp. Strain KP7: Expression inEscherichia coli." Journal of Bacteriology 182, no. 8 (2000): 2134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.182.8.2134-2141.2000.

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ABSTRACT Nocardioides sp. strain KP7 grows on phenanthrene but not on naphthalene. This organism degrades phenanthrene via 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate, o-phthalate, and protocatechuate. The genes responsible for the degradation of phenanthrene too-phthalate (phd) were found by Southern hybridization to reside on the chromosome. A 10.6-kb DNA fragment containing eight phd genes was cloned and sequenced. ThephdA, phdB, phdC, andphdD genes, which encode the α and β subunits of the oxygenase component, a ferredoxin, and a ferredoxin reductase, respectively, of phenanthrene dioxygenase were identified. The gene cluster, phdAB, was located 8.3 kb downstream of the previously characterized phdK gene, which encodes 2-carboxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase. The phdCD gene cluster was located 2.9 kb downstream of the phdB gene. PhdA and PhdB exhibited moderate (less than 60%) sequence identity to the α and β subunits of other ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases. The PhdC sequence showed features of a [3Fe-4S] or [4Fe-4S] type of ferredoxin, not of the [2Fe-2S] type of ferredoxin that has been found in most of the reported ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases. PhdD also showed moderate (less than 40%) sequence identity to known reductases. The phdABCD genes were expressed poorly inEscherichia coli, even when placed under the control of strong promoters. The introduction of a Shine-Dalgarno sequence upstream of each initiation codon of the phdABCD genes improved their expression in E. coli. E. colicells carrying phdBCD or phdACD exhibited no phenanthrene-degrading activity, and those carrying phdABDor phdABC exhibited phenanthrene-degrading activity which was significantly less than that in cells carrying thephdABCD genes. It was thus concluded that all of thephdABCD genes are necessary for the efficient expression of phenanthrene-degrading activity. The genetic organization of thephd genes, the phylogenetically diverged positions of these genes, and an unusual type of ferredoxin component suggest phenanthrene dioxygenase in Nocardioides sp. strain KP7 to be a new class of aromatic ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases.
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Miyata, Toshio, Shunya Takizawa, and Charles van Ypersele de Strihou. "Hypoxia. 1. Intracellular sensors for oxygen and oxidative stress: novel therapeutic targets." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 300, no. 2 (2011): C226—C231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00430.2010.

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A variety of human disorders, e.g., ischemic heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, eventually share the deleterious consequences of a common, hypoxic and oxidative stress pathway. In this review, we utilize recent information on the cellular defense mechanisms against hypoxia and oxidative stress with the hope to propose new therapeutic tools. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a key player as it activates a broad range of genes protecting cells against hypoxia. Its level is determined by its degradation rate by intracellular oxygen sensors prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs). There are three different PHD isoforms (PHD1–3). Small molecule PHD inhibitors improve hypoxic injury in experimental animals but, unfortunately, may induce adverse effects associated with PHD2 inhibition, e.g., angiogenesis. As yet, no inhibitor specific for a distinct PHD isoform is currently available. Still, the specific disruption of the PHD1 gene is known to induce hypoxic tolerance, without angiogenesis and erythrocytosis, by reprogramming basal oxygen metabolism with an attendant decreased oxidative stress in hypoxic mitochondria. A specific PHD1 inhibitor might therefore offer a novel therapy against hypoxia. The nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates the basal and inducible expression of numerous antioxidant stress genes. Disruption of its gene exacerbates oxidative tissue injury. Nrf2 activity is modulated by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), an intracellular sensor for oxidative stress. Inhibitors of Keap 1 may prove therapeutic against oxidative tissue injury.
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Boulahbel, Houda, Raúl V. Durán, and Eyal Gottlieb. "Prolyl hydroxylases as regulators of cell metabolism." Biochemical Society Transactions 37, no. 1 (2009): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0370291.

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Cellular response to oxygen depletion is mediated by HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor). HIF is a heterodimer consisting of a constitutively expressed subunit (HIFβ) and an oxygen-regulated subunit (HIFα). HIFα stability is regulated by prolyl hydroxylation by PHD (prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein) family members. PHD activity depends on the availability of molecular oxygen, making PHDs the oxygen-sensing system in animal cells. However, PHDs have recently been shown to respond to stimuli other than oxygen, such as 2-oxoglutarate (α-ketoglutarate), succinate or fumarate, as illustrated by the pseudo-hypoxic response in succinate dehydrogenase- or fumarate dehydrogenase-deficient tumours. Moreover, HIFα is not the sole PHD effector, suggesting that PHDs have functions that extend beyond oxygen sensing. Currently, we are investigating the role of PHDs in the cellular response to amino acid deprivation, a process regulated by mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin). The precise mechanism whereby amino acids are signalling to mTOR is not fully understood. Given that 2-oxoglutarate is a limiting co-substrate for PHD activity during normoxia and that 2-oxoglutarate levels depend on amino acid availability, it is possible that PHD activity depends not only on oxygen, but also on amino acid availability, suggesting a global metabolic sensor function for PHDs which could be signalling not only to HIF, but also to mTOR.
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Fleetwood, Janet. "Opinion #2: Janet Fleetwood, PhD." Pain Medicine 3, no. 1 (2002): 74–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-4637.2002.02006_3.x.

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Berg, Richard E. "Resource Letter PhD-2: Physics Demonstrations." American Journal of Physics 80, no. 3 (2012): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.3660659.

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Rich, Ben A. "Opinion #2: Ben A. Rich, JD, PhD." Pain Medicine 5, no. 2 (2004): 207–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4637.2004.4030_2.x.

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Chen, Jianji, John Horton, Cari Sagum, Jujun Zhou, Xiaodong Cheng, and Mark T. Bedford. "Histone H3 N-terminal mimicry drives a novel network of methyl-effector interactions." Biochemical Journal 478, no. 10 (2021): 1943–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20210203.

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The reader ability of PHD fingers is largely limited to the recognition of the histone H3 N-terminal tail. Distinct subsets of PHDs bind either H3K4me3 (a transcriptional activator mark) or H3K4me0 (a transcriptional repressor state). Structural studies have identified common features among the different H3K4me3 effector PHDs, including (1) removal of the initiator methionine residue of H3 to prevent steric interference, (2) a groove where arginine-2 binds, and (3) an aromatic cage that engages methylated lysine-4. We hypothesize that some PHDs might have the ability to engage with non-histone ligands, as long as they adhere to these three rules. A search of the human proteome revealed an enrichment of chromatin-binding proteins that met these criteria, which we termed H3 N-terminal mimicry proteins (H3TMs). Seven H3TMs were selected, and used to screen a protein domain microarray for potential effector domains, and they all had the ability to bind H3K4me3-interacting effector domains. Furthermore, the binding affinity between the VRK1 peptide and the PHD domain of PHF2 is ∼3-fold stronger than that of PHF2 and H3K4me3 interaction. The crystal structure of PHF2 PHD finger bound with VRK1 K4me3 peptide provides a molecular basis for stronger binding of VRK1 peptide. In addition, a number of the H3TMs peptides, in their unmethylated form, interact with NuRD transcriptional repressor complex. Our findings provide in vitro evidence that methylation of H3TMs can promote interactions with PHD and Tudor domain-containing proteins and potentially block interactions with the NuRD complex. We propose that these interactions can occur in vivo as well.
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Poloznikov, Andrey A., Sergey V. Nikulin, Dmitry M. Hushpulian, et al. "Structure–Activity Relationships and Transcriptomic Analysis of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitors." Antioxidants 11, no. 2 (2022): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11020220.

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To evaluate the differences in action of commercially available 2-oxoglutarate mimetics and “branched-tail” oxyquinoline inhibitors of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF PHD), the inhibitors’ IC50 values in the activation of HIF1 ODD-luciferase reporter were selected for comparative transcriptomics. Structure–activity relationship and computer modeling for the oxyquinoline series of inhibitors led to the identification of novel inhibitors, which were an order of magnitude more active in the reporter assay than roxadustat and vadadustat. Unexpectedly, 2-methyl-substitution in the oxyquinoline core of the best HIF PHD inhibitor was found to be active in the reporter assay and almost equally effective in the pretreatment paradigm of the oxygen-glucose deprivation in vitro model. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of the signaling pathways induced by HIF PHD inhibitors showed high potency of the two novel oxyquinoline inhibitors (#4896-3249 and #5704-0720) at 2 μM concentrations matching the effect of 30 μM roxadustat and 500 μM dimethyl oxalyl glycine in inducing HIF1 and HIF2-linked pathways. The two oxyquinoline inhibitors exerted the same activation of HIF-triggered glycolytic pathways but opposite effects on signaling pathways linked to alternative substrates of HIF PHD 1 and 3, such as p53, NF-κB, and ATF4. This finding can be interpreted as the specificity of the 2-methyl-substitute variant for HIF PHD2.
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Dalai, Sudeb C., Jennifer N. Dines, Thomas M. Snyder, et al. "144. Clinical Validation and Performance of a T-cell Immunosequencing Assay to Identify Past SARS-CoV-2 Infection." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (2021): S87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.144.

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Abstract Background Our understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 immune response has critical gaps that are inadequately addressed with available tools. We report the clinical performance of T-Detect COVID, the first T-cell assay to identify prior SARS-CoV-2 infection using T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing and repertoire profiling from whole blood samples. Methods The T-Detect COVID assay combines high-throughput immunosequencing of the TCRß gene from blood samples with a statistical classifier demonstrating 99.8% specificity for identifying prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. The assay was employed in several retrospective and prospective cohorts to assess primary and secondary Positive Percent Agreement (PPA) with SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR (N=205; N=77); primary and secondary Negative Percent Agreement (NPA; N=87; N=79); PPA compared to SARS-CoV-2 serology (N=55); and pathogen cross-reactivity (N=38). The real-world performance of the test was also evaluated in a retrospective review of test ordering (N=69) at a single primary care clinic in Park City, Utah. Results In validation studies, T-Detect COVID demonstrated high PPA (97.1% ≥15 days from diagnosis) in subjects with prior PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection; high NPA (~100%) in SARS-CoV-2 negative cases; equivalent or higher PPA with RT-PCR compared to two commercial EUA antibody tests; and no evidence of pathogen cross-reactivity. Review of assay use in a single clinic showed 100% PPA with RT-PCR in individuals with past confirmed SARS-CoV-2 vs. 85.7% for antibody testing, 100% agreement with positive antibody results, and positive results in 2/4 convalescent subjects with seroreversion to a negative antibody. In addition, 12/69 (17.3%) individuals with absent or negative RT-PCR tested positive by T-Detect COVID, nearly all of whom had compatible symptoms and/or exposure. TCR positivity was observed up to 12+ months (median 118 days) from the date of positive RT-PCR. Conclusion A T-cell immunosequencing assay shows high clinical performance for identifying past SARS-CoV-2 infection from whole blood samples. This assay can provide additional insights on the SARS-CoV-2 immune response, with practical implications for clinical management, risk stratification, surveillance, assessing vaccine immunity, and understanding long-term sequelae. Disclosures Sudeb C. Dalai, MD, PhD, Adaptive Biotechnologies (Employee, Shareholder) Jennifer N. Dines, MD, Adaptive Biotechnologies (Employee, Shareholder) Thomas M. Snyder, PhD, Adaptive Biotechnologies (Employee, Shareholder) Rachel M. Gittelman, PhD, Adaptive Biotechnologies (Employee, Shareholder) Tera Eerkes, PhD, Adaptive Biotechnologies (Employee, Shareholder) Pashmi Vaney, PhD, Adaptive Biotechnologies (Employee, Shareholder) Sally Howard, PhD, Adaptive Biotechnologies (Employee, Shareholder) Kipp Akers, PhD, Adaptive Biotechnologies (Employee, Shareholder) Lynell Skewis, PhD, Adaptive Biotechnologies (Employee, Shareholder) Anthony Monteforte, PhD, Adaptive Biotechnologies (Employee, Shareholder) Pamela R. Witte, PhD, Adaptive Biotechnologies (Employee, Shareholder) Cristina Wolf, PhD, Adaptive Biotechnologies (Employee, Shareholder) Hans Nesse, PhD, Adaptive Biotechnologies (Employee, Shareholder) Jia Qadeer, PhD, Adaptive Biotechnologies (Employee, Shareholder) Sarah Duffy, PhD, Adaptive Biotechnologies (Employee, Shareholder) Emily Svejnoha, PhD, Adaptive Biotechnologies (Employee, Shareholder) Caroline Taromino, PhD, Adaptive Biotechnologies (Employee, Shareholder) Ian M. Kaplan, PhD, Adaptive Biotechnologies (Employee, Shareholder) John Alsobrook, MD, Adaptive Biotechnologies (Employee, Shareholder) Thomas Manley, MD, Adaptive Biotechnologies (Employee, Shareholder) Lance Baldo, MD, Adaptive Biotechnologies (Employee, Shareholder, Leadership Interest)
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "PHD-2"

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Bravo, Silvina Alejandra. "The di/tri-peptide transporters PEPT1 and PEPT2 : expression and regulation in the intestinal Caco-2 and renal SKPT0193 cl.2 cell lines /." Cph. : Department of Pharmaceutics, The Danish University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2004. http://www.dfh.dk/phd/defences/silvinabravo.htm.

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Koščo, Ján. "Porovnanie PHP frameworkov Symfony 2 a Zend Framework 2." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199734.

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Master thesis deals with a comparison of two web application frameworks in PHP. The aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive view of the possibilities, differences and advantages of the selected frameworks. The main source for comparison is sample web applications that demonstrate these possibilities. For a comprehensive comparison, various criteria were chosen to analyze the properties of frameworks. These criteria are divided into five categories. Technology support examines the compatibility of framework for different versions of the platform. The most important and most widespread category is the analysis of options for creation of web applications, which discusses the most common tasks in developing applications and how frameworks approaches it. Other categories are design and architecture of framework, testing and general support for developers, which analyzes both online and offline sources of information used to learn and solve problems using the selected framework . Comparison results based on above mentioned criteria can help developers when choosing a modern web development framework for PHP platform.
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Chen, Yuchen. "Synthetic analogues of a neuropeptide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH←2)." Thesis, Open University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295010.

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Silva, Maurício Chagas da. "Estudo teorico do mecanismo de acoplamento-cruzado envolvido na reação de formação da ligação Ph-Ph catalisada por paladio via PhB (OH)2 (Ph=C6H5)." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/248946.

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Orientador: Nelson Henrique Morgon<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T16:59:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_MauricioChagasda_M.pdf: 1448929 bytes, checksum: 5e8a626133912c0e72a209eeccbbfd34 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005<br>Mestrado<br>Físico-Química<br>Mestre em Química
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DeAngelo, Linda Teresa. "Increasing faculty diversity how institutions matter to the PhD aspirations of undergraduate students /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1481675181&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Ries, Michel. "Synthese et reactivite de clusters heterometalliques contenant le ligand assembleur ph : :(2)pch::(2)pph::(2)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13208.

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Schmidt, Bastian. "Veränderungen im LPS-Muster von E.coli Shigella durch cld pHS-2." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15463.

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Bei neun von vierzehn Serogruppen der Subspezies E. coli Flexneri (SF) konnte ein pHS-2-Plasmid nachgewiesen werden. Es besteht eine positive Korrelation zwischen pHS-2-positiven SF und dem Auftreten einer Reaktiven Arthritis, eine Komplikation der bakteriellen Ruhr. Verschiedene Autoren führen das gehäufte Auftreten der Reaktiven Arthritis bei pHS-2-positiven SF auf eine erhöhte Serumresistenz zurück, die den Bakterien durch das cld(pHS-2)-Gen vermittelt wird. Das cld(pHS-2)-Gen als längstes aller 18 "open reading frames" auf dem pHS-2-Plasmid kodiert für ein 35 kD großes Protein, das aufgrund seiner Funktion als "chain length determinant" (Cld(pHS-2)) bezeichnet wurde. Cld(pHS-2) ist maßgeblich an der Produktion von Lipopolysacchariden vom VL-Typ beteiligt. LPS vom VL-Typ produzieren O-Seitenketten mit mehr als 70 bis 80 Oligosaccharideinheiten und sollen die bakterielle Membran vor einer Komplementbindung und Serum-Antikörpern schützen, wodurch den Bakterien eine erhöhte Serumresistenz vermittelt werde. In dieser Arbeit wurde cld(pHS-2) in einen pHS-2-negativen Stamm der SF Serogruppe 6 integriert, um nachzuweisen, dass cld(pHS-2) das LPS-Muster pHS-2-negativer SF in charakteristischer Weise modifiziert. Während der Expressionsnachweis von cld(pHS-2) als Einzelprotein misslang, war eine Expression von cld(pHS-2) als Fusionsprotein in SF Serogruppe 6 erfolgreich. Im Vergleich zu pHS-2-negativen SF war unsere SF Serogruppe 6-Mutante nun in der Lage, LPS vom VL-Typ in Form einer zusätzlichen Bande mit ca. 80 Oligosaccharideinheiten zu produzieren. Diese phänotypische Veränderung war zwar nur gering ausgeprägt, konnte jedoch den spezifischen Einfluss von cld(pHS-2) als Fusionsprotein auf das LPS-Muster pHS-2-negativer SF nachweisen.<br>In nine out of fourteen serogroups of E. Coli Flexneri (SF) a pHS-2 plasmid has been isolated. There is a positive correlation between pHS-2-positive SF and the occurence of reactive arthritis (ReA) which is a complication of bacterial dysentery. Different authors reduce the widespread appearance of ReA by pHS-2-positive SF to an increased serum resistance caused by a cld(pHS-2)-gene. The cld(pHS-2)-gene ist the longest of 18 open reading frames in pHS-2 and it is the coding for a 35 kD protein which has been identified as a chain length determinant because of its function. Cld(pHS-2) plays a decisive role in the production of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of the VL-type. LPS of the VL-type produce O antigen with more than 70-80 repeat units, and protect the bacterial outer membrane from complement factors and serum antibodies by a higher serum resistance. In this research the cld(pHS-2)-gene was integrated in a pHS-2-negative SF serogroup 6 to prove that cld(pHS-2) is able to modify the LPS pattern (destribution) of pHS-2-negative SF in a characteristic manner. The expression of cld(pHS-2) in SF serogroup 6 as an isolated protein failed, but the expression of cld(pHS-2) as a fusion protein was successful. In contrast to the pHS-2-negative SF our SF serogroup 6 mutant was able to produce LPS of the VL-type with 80-90 repeat units. Despite the slight effect, a specific influence of cld(pHS-2) as a fusion protein on LPS pattern and the bacterial phaenotype has to be confirmed.
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Santoro, Joseph Peter. "Electroproduction of Phi(1020) Mesons at High Q^2 with CLAS." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28705.

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This analysis studies the reaction ep ! e0p0à in the kinematical range 1:6 · Q2 · 3:8 GeV2 and 2:0 · W · 3:0 GeV at CLAS. After successful signal identification, total and differential cross sections are measured and compared to the world data set. Comparisons are made to the predictions of the Jean-Marc Laget(JML) model based on Pomeron plus 2-gluon exchange. The overall scaling of the total cross section was determined to be 1=Q4:6§1:7 which is compatible within errors to the Vector Meson Dominance prediction of 1/Q4 as well as to the expected behavior of a quark and gluon exchange-dominated model described by Generalized Parton Distributions of 1/Q6. The differential cross section d¾d© was used to determine that the s-channel helicity conservation (SCHC) assumption is valid within the precision of the current data. SCHC leads to a simple expression for the decay angular distribution from which R, the ratio of the longitudinal to the transverse cross section, can be extracted. Under the assumption of SCHC, we determine R = 1:33§0:18 at an average Q2 of 2:21 GeV2 which leads to a determination of the longitudinal cross section ¾L = 5:3 § 1:3 nb for exclusive à production.<br>Ph. D.
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Pinzón, Carla Nicole. "Design of a Phi-2 and a Class E inverter for underwater systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129917.

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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, February, 2020<br>Cataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 91-95).<br>In Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), many potential failure modes exist due to pressure housing and the need for connections between different pressure housings. Waterproof connectors do exist but drive up the price and weight of underwater systems, a costly disadvantage as mass and volume are at a premium for an underwater system. If we can remove the necessity for physical connectors, we can design cheaper, more robust submarines. This can be done with wireless power transfer (WPT), which can transmit power efficiently across mediums within the submarine, therefore eliminating the need for physical connections and making underwater systems more compact and light-weight. The thesis presents two WPT systems for an AUV with two different inverters that convert DC power to AC power that drive the WPT system. The first system presented uses a Class E Inverter, a common topology for DC-AC conversion, and the second system utilizes a Phi-2 Inverter, a topology that uses the inherent parasitic capacitances to substitute for physical components. The WPT system utilizes magnetic resonance coupling to transmit power from transmitter coils attached to the inverters to receiver coils attached to a load through a rectifier. Simulations show that, when correctly tuned, the two designs can give comparable performance in power transfer efficiency and range. The choice of design is likely to be decided by a combination of the size and weight of the finished system, along with the ease of design.<br>by Carla Nicole Pinzón.<br>M. Eng.<br>M.Eng. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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Bascoy, Marta L. "N-acetoxy-N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene binding sites on [phi] X174 and SV40." FIU Digital Commons, 1991. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1429.

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Restriction enzyme inhibition and lambda exonuclease studies indicate that carcinogen N-acetoxy-N-acetyl-2 aminofluorene (AAAF) binds to sequences on ɸX174 RF and SV40 plasmids DNA that are similar to the eight preferred binding sites previously located on pBR 322. Both DNAs were digested with enzyme Hinf I and resultant fragments 32P end-labeled. Labeled fragments were reacted with the carcinogen to give one to sixteen bound moieties per DNA. Fragments were isolated and restriccion enzyme and lambda exonuclease inhibition assays were performed. Inhibition detected occurred at selected sites and was not specific for a certain enzyme or certain size of recognition sequence. Results of these assays allow mapping of the location of high affinity binding sites of the carcinogen on both DNAs. All sites have common sequence elements: the presence of either the sequence T(G/C)TT(G/C) or the sequence T(G/C) CTT(G/C).
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Books on the topic "PHD-2"

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Bowden, John A., and Pamela J. Green. Playing the PhD Game with Integrity. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6990-2.

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Evans, Janette M. PHE for three: A tracking system for 1, 2, and 3 equivalents. 3rd ed. Nutrition Division/Metabolic Clinic, Child Development and Rehabilitation Center, Oregon Health Sciences University, 1998.

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Bydlinski, Peter. Produkthaftungsgesetz und Haftpflichtversicherung: Probleme der Händlerhaftung nach [Paragraph] 1 Abs 2 PHG. A. Orac, 1990.

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Evans, Janette M. Fenilalanina (PHE) para tres: Un sistema de control para los equivalentes 1, 2, y 3. La Divisio n de Nutricio n/Cli nica Metabo lica, Child Development and Rehabilitation Center, Oregon Health Sciences University, 1998.

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Argan, Giovanni, Alexandra Timonina, and Maria Redaelli. Taking and Denying Challenging Canons in Arts and Philosophy. Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-462-2.

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The volume includes papers presented at the II International Conference of PhD students of the Department of Philosophy and Cultural Heritage of Ca’ Foscari University of Venice and the State Institute for Art Studies in Moscow Taking and Denying: Challenging Canons in Arts and Philosophy (23-25 September 2020).
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Dhesi, Gurjeet Singh. Part 1: Spectral properties of random matrix ensembles: Part 2: Sabolev inequality in [phi] [superior] 4 (x) quantum field theory. University of Birmingham, 1988.

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De Zordo, Ornella, ed. Saggi di anglistica e americanistica. Firenze University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-022-2.

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Saggi brings together the results of the research activity carried out in 2008 on the PhD course in English and American Studies (Department of Modern Philology, University of Florence). The seven contributions relate to the theatre, narrative, poetry, autobiographical writing and correspondence, and range from the Renaissance up to the present day, offering critical perspectives that go from the analysis of the postmodern identity to the phenomenon of rewriting, from reception theories to comparative studies, and from literary topography to computational linguistics. The heterogeneity of the material illustrates the free choice of the young academics who, in the climate of collaboration that was established, decided to address the technical and editorial aspects of the book as a team in the open access editorial workshop of the Department.
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Oudkerk, Richard. The parabolic implosion for f[subscript 0](z) = z [plus] z[superscript v [plus] 1] [plus] [phi](z[superscript v [plus] 2)]. typescript, 1999.

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Bindi, Marco, Giada Brandani, Alessandro Dessì, et al., eds. Impact of climate change on agricultural and natural ecosystems. Firenze University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-921-2.

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This book illustrates the main results deriving from fourteen studies, dealing with the impact of climate change on different agricultural and natural ecosystems, carried out within the Impact of Climate change On agricultural and Natural Ecosystems (ICONE) project funded by the ALFA Programme of the European Commission. During this project, a common methodology on several Global Change-related matters was developed and shared among members of scientific communities coming from Latin America and Europe. In order to facilitate this interdisciplinary approach, specific mobility programmes, addressed to post-graduate, Master and PhD students, have been organized. The research, led by the research groups, was focused on the study of the impact of climate change on various environmental features (i.e. runoff in hydrological basins, soil erosion and moisture, forest canopy, sugarcane crop, land use, drought, precipitation, etc). Integrated and shared methodologies of atmospheric physics, remote sensing, eco-physiology and modelling have been applied.
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Sonsini, Alessandro, ed. Interazione e mobilità per la ricerca. Firenze University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-627-3.

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Interazione e mobilità per la ricerca – Materiali del 2° seminario Osdotta 2006. This is the second volume of the DOTTA series dealing with research in Architectural Technology doctorates. It documents the 2nd seminar of the Italian PhDs in Architectural Technology, held in Pescara on 14-15-16 September 2006, comprising an account of the event, the materials elaborated in the course of the seminar and the addresses made at the final round table. This reconstruction makes it possible to identify the fields of interest, providing a synoptic overview of the current directions of research trends in our sector, and to compare and confront the contents and methods of the various thematic ambits, underscoring the fundamental research themes most active in this scientific disciplinary sector. Moreover, it also makes it possible to confirm the educational and communication project pursued by Osdotta, both as an educational-administrative structure of an interactive kind, designed to foster a fertile and intense exchange on the lines of research activated within the framework of the doctoral studies in this ambit, and also as an opportunity to identify the problems and expectations of the area, breaking them down into issues concerning the visibility of the scientific community and research into actions useful for the pursuit of even more efficacious results.
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Book chapters on the topic "PHD-2"

1

Salajegheh, Ali. "Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain-2 (PHD-2)." In Angiogenesis in Health, Disease and Malignancy. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28140-7_36.

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Degtyareva, Olga, and Eva O. L. Lantsoght. "Overview of defence formats." In Planning and Passing Your PhD Defence. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429347900-2.

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Klevan, Trude, and Alec Grant. "The PhD Project and the Novice Researcher Entering Academia." In An Autoethnography of Becoming a Qualitative Researcher. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367853181-2.

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Minty, Michiko G., and Frank Zimmermann. "Solutions to Exercises." In Particle Acceleration and Detection. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08581-3_12.

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AbstractFrom (1.12) at a fixed location s we can write $$x = \sqrt {2{I_x}{\beta _x}} \cos {\phi _x},$$ where φx includes the initial phase φ0 We then have $$\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{{{ \in }_{x}} = \frac{{\left\langle {{{x}^{2}}\left( s \right)} \right\rangle }}{{{{\beta }_{x}}\left( s \right)}}} \\{ = \int {d{{\phi }_{x}}d{{I}_{x}}2{{I}_{x}}{{{\cos }}^{2}}{{\phi }_{x}}\rho \left( {{{I}_{x}},{{\phi }_{x}}} \right)} } \\{ = \int {d{{\phi }_{x}}d{{I}_{x}}2{{I}_{x}}{{{\cos }}^{2}}{{\phi }_{x}}\rho \left( {{{I}_{x}}} \right)\frac{1}{{2\pi }}} } \\{ = \int {d{{I}_{x}}{{I}_{x}}\rho \left( {{{I}_{x}}} \right) = \left\langle {{{I}_{x}}} \right\rangle .} } \\\end{array}$$
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Measey, John. "Introduction." In How to Write a PhD in Biological Sciences. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003212560-2.

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Mittelmark, Maurice B. "Salutogenesis From Its Origins to the Present." In The Handbook of Salutogenesis. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79515-3_1.

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AbstractPart I provides an overview of the development of the field of salutogenesis, as background for the remaining chapters in The Handbook of Salutogenesis. Chapter 2 by Bengt Lindström reviews mileposts in the development of the field from the late 1990s until today. Chapter 3 by Maurice Mittelmark and Georg Bauer is a revision and expansion of a chapter in the 2017 Edition, meant to convey some of the main ways the term ‘salutogenesis’ is used today. Chapter 4 is of particular importance in this Handbook. Written by Aaron Antonovsky’s son Avishai Antonovsky, and by one of his closest colleagues and former PhD student, Shifra Sagy; this revised chapter from the 2017 Edition provides the first biography of the founding father of salutogenesis. Chapter 5, also from the 2017 Edition, is a summary of Antonovsky’s development of the Salutogenic Model of Health. The editors are convinced it is among the best synopses available. Chapter 6 by Georg Bauer provides the reader with a description of Salutogenesis meeting places. The reader wanting to connect more directly to a global salutogenesis network will find this chapter to be of great practical value. Finally, Chap. 7 by Lenneke Vaandrager of The Netherlands and colleagues from Spain, Germany, Italy, Norway, the United Kingdom and Poland trace the development of higher education in salutogenesis in Europe, spanning 30 years.
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Sazonov, Vladimir. "Peeter Espak: The God Enki in Sumerian Royal Ideology and Mythology (PhD Dissertation)." In Kubaba 2 (2011), edited by Miguel Valério. Gorgias Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463234935-005.

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Zhang, Xiao-Long, Hui Li, Robert J. Le Roy, and Pierre-Nicholas Roy. "Microwave and infrared spectra of CO–(pH2)2, CO–(oD2)2, and mixed CO–pH2–He trimers." In Highlights in Theoretical Chemistry. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47845-5_16.

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Costa, Nina, Rui Costa, Afonso Borges, et al. "Mapping the Research Thread of PhDs in Design: A PhD Citation Analysis of the Portuguese Doctorates." In Design for Tomorrow—Volume 2. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0119-4_17.

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De Paolis, L., D. Sirghi, A. Amirkhani, et al. "Kaonic Atoms Measurement at DA $$\Phi $$ Φ NE: SIDDHARTA and SIDDHARTA-2." In Springer Proceedings in Physics. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22204-8_24.

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Conference papers on the topic "PHD-2"

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"PhD session 2 (room B) Channel models." In 2008 IEEE International Workshop on Satellite and Space Communications. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwssc.2008.4656756.

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Chuberre, Nicolas. "PhD session 2 (room A+B) radio resource management I." In 2009 International Workshop on Satellite and Space Communications (IWSSC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwssc.2009.5286382.

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"A Project Management Perspective of PhD Supervision Process – Towards Effective and Efficient Model [Abstract]." In InSITE 2019: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Jerusalem. Informing Science Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4349.

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Aim/Purpose: Continuing low percentage of on-time-completion of doctoral studies suggest the exploration of new approaches to the process is desirable. Background: PhD studies may be viewed as a project- it is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product. Project management practices have proven to be helpful in numerous domains. Methodology: Process analysis method will be applied, using: 1) semi-structured interviews with supervisors and supervisee, 2) data gathered by the school of advance graduate studies in higher education institute. Contribution: The research will explore the appropriated measurable indicators of successful PhD and identify project management practices that promote better process and outcomes of PhD studies. Impact on Society: Better and more efficient process will support lower individual and national spending on doctoral studies Future Research: Further research should explore relevance of the findings in various settings (characteristics of the supervisor and supervisee, higher education system etc.)
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Parker, Mary Jo. "A STEM Model Encouraging Post-Baccalaureate Pathways for First Generation, Underrepresented Undergraduates." In Fifth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head19.2019.9461.

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The University of Houston-Downtown supports a STEM program, Scholars Academy (SA) within the College of Sciences and Technology dedicated to enhancing, preparing, and enlightening minority, underrepresented, and first-generation majors seeking entrance into workforce, graduate, and professional programs of preparation. Over the past 18 years the University of Houston-Downtown Scholars Academy has implemented a series of success components supporting the nurturance of post-baccalaureate graduate and professional pursuit yielding a 51% acceptance rate into medical school, over 68 professional degrees (ranging from MD to DO to DDS and DPharm) earned by alumni, over 20 PhD degrees, and over 900 minority/underrepresented undergraduates moving into professional/graduate fields. Briefly, STEM success components consist of 1) Freshman Ramp Up support; 2) Academic Skill Monitoring; 3) Mentoring, peer to peer and PhD to undergraduate; 4) Career and Research Skill Development support; and finally 5) Leadership Development through Community Engagement support.
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Vernon, Tanya M. "The Stories Statistics Don’t Tell: Using Qualitative Data to Enhance Findings About Student Learning." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-40195.

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In this paper, the author illustrates several techniques for deriving findings from qualitative data. Data collected in this way can be used to enhance, but not necessarily take the place of, quantitative data which are routinely collected metrics of student performance. In this paper, the author suggests how to utilize naturalistic methods such as observation, interviews and blogs to represent “student stories” (or case studies). The paper has the following outcomes: 1) recognizing and using elements of good interviews, 2) knowing how to relate qualitative methods and findings to quantitative information and 3) understanding appropriate analysis for qualitative data. For this paper, the author draws upon her PhD research undertaken 2003–2007.
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Dhanyashree and K. N. Meera. "An Illustration of $L$ (3, 2, 1)-path Coloring in Cryptography." In 2021 IEEE 3rd PhD Colloquium on Ethically Driven Innovation and Technology for Society (PhD EDITS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/phdedits53295.2021.9649559.

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Venkata, Manjunath Gorentla, Richard L. Graham, Joshua S. Ladd, et al. "ConnectX-2 CORE-Direct Enabled Asynchronous Broadcast Collective Communications." In Distributed Processing, Workshops and Phd Forum (IPDPSW). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipdps.2011.221.

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Cunsolo, V. D., S. Distefano, A. Puliafito, and M. Scarpa. "Achieving information dependability in Grids through GDS2." In Distributed Processing, Workshops and Phd Forum (IPDPSW). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipdpsw.2010.5470864.

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Patil, Chandrashekhar V., and M. S. Suma. "An Efficient Thermal Removal Solution for the Monolithic 2-D/2.5-D/3-D ICs." In 2021 IEEE 3rd PhD Colloquium on Ethically Driven Innovation and Technology for Society (PhD EDITS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/phdedits53295.2021.9649523.

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Graham, Richard L., Steve Poole, Pavel Shamis, et al. "Overlapping computation and communication: Barrier algorithms and ConnectX-2 CORE-Direct capabilities." In Distributed Processing, Workshops and Phd Forum (IPDPSW). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipdpsw.2010.5470854.

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Reports on the topic "PHD-2"

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Jawahery, A. CKM Unitarity Angles Alpha (Phi(2)) And Gamma (Phi(3)). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/839850.

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Dudareva, Natalia, Alexander Vainstein, Eran Pichersky, and David Weiss. Integrating biochemical and genomic approaches to elucidate C6-C2 volatile production: improvement of floral scent and fruit aroma. United States Department of Agriculture, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7696514.bard.

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The specific objectives of approved proposal include to: 1. Elucidate the C6-C2 biochemical pathways leading to the biosynthesis of phenylacetaldehyde, phenylethyl alcohol and phenylethyl acetate in floral tissues of ornamentally important plants, pefunia and roses. 2. Isolate and characterrze genes responsible for the production of these C6-C2 compounds and those involved in the regulation of the pathway using genomic and transcriptomic tools. 3. Determine whether altering the expression of key genes of this pathway can result in changing the aroma characteristics of flowers. Aldehydes are intermediates in a variety of biochemical pathways including those involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, vitamins, steroids, amino acids, benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, hormones, and lipids. In plants they are also synthesized in response to environmental stresses such as salinity, cold, and heat shock or as flavors and aromas in fruits and flowers. Phenylacetaldehyde along with 2-phenylethanol and its acetate ester, are important scent compounds in numerous flowers, including petunias and roses. However, little is known about the biosynthesis of these volatile compounds in plants. We have shown that the formation PHA and 2-phenylethanol from Phe does not occur via trans-cinnamic acid and instead competes with the key enzyme of phenypropanoid metabolism Pheammonia-lyase (PAL) for Phe utilization. Using functional genomic approach and comparative gene expression profiling, we have isolated and characterized a novel enzyme from petunia and rose flowers that catalyzes the formation of the Ca-Czcompound phenylacetaldehyde (PHA) from L-phenylalanine (Phe) by the removal of both the carboxyl and amino groups. This enzyme, designated as phenylacetaldehyde synthases (PAAS), is a bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the unprecedented efficient coupling of phenylalanine decarboxylation to oxidation, generating phenylacetaldehyde, CO2, ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide in stoichiometric amounts. Down-regulation of PAAS expression via RNA interference-based (RNAi) technology in petunia resulted in no PHA emission when compared with controls. These plants also produced no 2-phenylethanol, supporting our conclusion that PHA is a precursor of 2-phenylethanol. To understand the regulation of scent formation in plants we have also generated transgenic petunia and tobacco plants expressing the rose alcohol acetyltransferase (RhAAT) gene under the control of a CaMV-35S promoter. Although the preferred substrate of RhAAT in vitro is geraniol, in transgenic petunia flowers, it used phenylethyl alcohol and benzyl alcohol to produce the corresponding acetate esters, not generated by control flowers. These results strongly point to the dependence of volatile production on substrate availability. Analysis of the diurnal regulation of scent production in rose flowers revealed that although the daily emission of most scent compounds is synchronized, various independently evolved mechanisms control the production, accumulation and release of different volatiles. This research resulted in a fundamental discovery of biochemical pathway, enzymes and genes involved in biosynthesis of C6-C2s compounds, and provided the knowledge for future engineering plants for improved scent quality.
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Edwards, T. B. Composition and property measurements for PHA Phase 2 glasses. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/750901.

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Spanier, Stefan. MEASUREMENT OF SIN 2 BETA IN B0 ---> PHI K0(S). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/799949.

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Wideman, Jr., Robert F., Nicholas B. Anthony, Avigdor Cahaner, Alan Shlosberg, Michel Bellaiche, and William B. Roush. Integrated Approach to Evaluating Inherited Predictors of Resistance to Pulmonary Hypertension Syndrome (Ascites) in Fast Growing Broiler Chickens. United States Department of Agriculture, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575287.bard.

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Background PHS (pulmonary hypertension syndrome, ascites syndrome) is a serious cause of loss in the broiler industry, and is a prime example of an undesirable side effect of successful genetic development that may be deleteriously manifested by factors in the environment of growing broilers. Basically, continuous and pinpointed selection for rapid growth in broilers has led to higher oxygen demand and consequently to more frequent manifestation of an inherent potential cardiopulmonary incapability to sufficiently oxygenate the arterial blood. The multifaceted causes and modifiers of PHS make research into finding solutions to the syndrome a complex and multi threaded challenge. This research used several directions to better understand the development of PHS and to probe possible means of achieving a goal of monitoring and increasing resistance to the syndrome. Research Objectives (1) To evaluate the growth dynamics of individuals within breeding stocks and their correlation with individual susceptibility or resistance to PHS; (2) To compile data on diagnostic indices found in this work to be predictive for PHS, during exposure to experimental protocols known to trigger PHS; (3) To conduct detailed physiological evaluations of cardiopulmonary function in broilers; (4) To compile data on growth dynamics and other diagnostic indices in existing lines selected for susceptibility or resistance to PHS; (5) To integrate growth dynamics and other diagnostic data within appropriate statistical procedures to provide geneticists with predictive indices that characterize resistance or susceptibility to PHS. Revisions In the first year, the US team acquired the costly Peckode weigh platform / individual bird I.D. system that was to provide the continuous (several times each day), automated weighing of birds, for a comprehensive monitoring of growth dynamics. However, data generated were found to be inaccurate and irreproducible, so making its use implausible. Henceforth, weighing was manual, this highly labor intensive work precluding some of the original objectives of using such a strategy of growth dynamics in selection procedures involving thousands of birds. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements 1. Healthy broilers were found to have greater oscillations in growth velocity and acceleration than PHS susceptible birds. This proved the scientific validity of our original hypothesis that such differences occur. 2. Growth rate in the first week is higher in PHS-susceptible than in PHS-resistant chicks. Artificial neural network accurately distinguished differences between the two groups based on growth patterns in this period. 3. In the US, the unilateral pulmonary occlusion technique was used in collaboration with a major broiler breeding company to create a commercial broiler line that is highly resistant to PHS induced by fast growth and low ambient temperatures. 4. In Israel, lines were obtained by genetic selection on PHS mortality after cold exposure in a dam-line population comprising of 85 sire families. The wide range of PHS incidence per family (0-50%), high heritability (about 0.6), and the results in cold challenged progeny, suggested a highly effective and relatively easy means for selection for PHS resistance 5. The best minimally-invasive diagnostic indices for prediction of PHS resistance were found to be oximetry, hematocrit values, heart rate and electrocardiographic (ECG) lead II waves. Some differences in results were found between the US and Israeli teams, probably reflecting genetic differences in the broiler strains used in the two countries. For instance the US team found the S wave amplitude to predict PHS susceptibility well, whereas the Israeli team found the P wave amplitude to be a better valid predictor. 6. Comprehensive physiological studies further increased knowledge on the development of PHS cardiopulmonary characteristics of pre-ascitic birds, pulmonary arterial wedge pressures, hypotension/kidney response, pulmonary hemodynamic responses to vasoactive mediators were all examined in depth. Implications, scientific and agricultural Substantial progress has been made in understanding the genetic and environmental factors involved in PHS, and their interaction. The two teams each successfully developed different selection programs, by surgical means and by divergent selection under cold challenge. Monitoring of the progress and success of the programs was done be using the in-depth estimations that this research engendered on the reliability and value of non-invasive predictive parameters. These findings helped corroborate the validity of practical means to improve PHT resistance by research-based programs of selection.
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Prusky, Dov, and Jeffrey Rollins. Modulation of pathogenicity of postharvest pathogens by environmental pH. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7587237.bard.

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Until recently, environmental pH was not considered a factor in determining pathogen compatibility. Our hypothesis was that the environmental pH at the infection site, which is dynamically controlled by activities of both the host and the pathogen, regulates the expression of genes necessary for disease development in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. This form of regulation ensures that genes are expressed at optimal conditions for their encoded activities.Pectate lyase encoded by pelB, has been demonstrated to play a key role in virulence of C. gloeosporioides in avocado fruit. Polyglacturonase synergism with oxalic acid production is considered to be an essential pathogenicity determinant in the interactions of S. sclerotiorum with its numerous hosts. A common regulatory feature of these virulence and pathogenicity factors is their dependence upon environmental pH conditions within the host niche to create optimal conditions for expression and secretion. In this proposal we have examined, 1) the mechanisms employed by these fungi to establish a suitable pH environment, 2) the molecular levels at which genes and gene products are regulated in response to environmental pH, and 3) the molecular basis and functional importance of pH-responsive gene regulation during pathogenicity. The specific objectives of the proposal were: 1. Characterize the mechanism of local pH modulation and the effect of ambient pH on the expression and secretion of virulence factors. 2. Provide evidence that a conserved molecular pathway for pH-responsive gene expression exists in C. gloeosporioides by cloning a pacC gene homologue. 3. Determine the role of pacC in pathogenicity by gene disruption and activating mutations. Major conclusions 1. We determined the importance of nitrogen source and external pH in the secretion of the virulence factor pectate lyase with respect to the ambient pH transcriptional regulator pacC. It was concluded that nitrogen source availability and ambient pH are two independent signals for the transcriptional regulation of genes required for the disease process of C. gloeosporioides and possibly of other pathogens. 2. We also determined that availability of ammonia regulate independently the alkalinization process and pelB expression, pecate lyase secretion and virulence of C. gloeosporioides. 3. Gene disruption of pacC reduced virulence of C. gloeosporioides however did not reduced fully pelB expression. It was concluded that pelB expression is regulated by several factors including pH, nitrogen and carbon sources. 4. Gene disruption of pacC reduced virulence of S. slcerotiourum Creation of a dominant activating
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Baxter, R. D., P. J. Clack, D. M. Phelan, and R. M. Taylor. R and D, fabrication and testing of pH and CO/sub 2/ sensors for geothermal brines. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6348954.

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Rempel, K. U., A. E. Williams-Jones, and K. Fuller. An experimental investigation of the solubility and speciation of uranium in hydrothermal ore fluids. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328995.

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Experimental data on the solubility and speciation of uranium in hydrothermal solution is required to improve genetic models for the formation of ore deposits, yet very few data of this type have been published. Of particular interest is the oxidation state of the uranium in solution, as conventional wisdom suggests that U is dissolved in the oxidized U(VI) state and precipitated as reduced U(IV) minerals, yet recent experiments have shown ppm-level solubility for U(IV). This study investigated the mobility of reduced U(IV) and oxidized U(VI) in acidic (pH = 2), fluoride- bearing and alkaline (pH = 10), chloride-bearing solutions at 100-200°C and 1 to 15.8 bars (0.1-1.58 MPa). Preliminary data for the mobility of U(IV) in pH 2 fluids with 0.01 m F- show concentrations of 1.76 to 3.92 ppm U at 200°C, indicating that, contrary to common belief, the reduced U(IV) can be transported in solution. We have also conducted experiments on U(VI) solubility in pH 2 fluoride-bearing, and pH 10 chloride-bearing solutions. Uranium concentrations in the F- -bearing experiments ranged from 624 to 1570 ppm (avg. 825 ppm, n = 6) at 100°C, 670 to 1560 ppm (avg. 931 ppm, n = 4) at 150°C, and 3180 to 7550 ppm (avg. 5240, n = 9) at 200°C. In comparison, U concentrations in the Cl- -bearing runs range from 86.1 to 357 ppm (avg. 185 ppm, n = 15) at 200°C. Clearly, oxidized U(VI) is very readily mobilized in hydrothermal fluids. However, the measured concentrations of U(VI) are independent of those of F- or Cl-, suggesting the formation of U oxide or hydroxide species rather than U chlorides or fluorides. These experimental data will be verified and supplemented in future experiments, which will be used to derive the stoichiometry and thermodynamic constants for the dominant uranium species in hydrothermal solutions. The data from this study will then be integrated into a comprehensive genetic model for uranium ore-forming systems.
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Orlov, Maxim, Ihor Tokarev, Andreas Scholl, Andrew Doran, and Sergiy Minko. pH-Responsive Thin Film Membranes from Poly(2-vinylpyridine): Water Vapor-Induced Formation of a Microporous Structure. Defense Technical Information Center, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada482321.

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Pueschel, Elisa. Measurement of the CP Violating Phase $\boldsymbol{\sin(2\beta_{s})}$ using $\boldsymbol{B^{0}_{s}\rightarrow J/\psi\phi}$ Decays at CDF. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1024914.

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