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Journal articles on the topic 'PhD Anatomy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 22 June 2025

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1

Mostafa, Rezaei Tavirani1 Reza Valizadeh2 Foruzan Kavarizadeh3. "CURRICULUM AUDIT OF IRANIAN PHD OF ANATOMY ACCORDING TO EUROPEAN STANDARD, COMPARING WITH WORLDWIDE SELECTED COUNTRIES." indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 04, no. 06 (2017): 1471–75. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.809430.

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Anatomy is one of the basic essential sciences of medicine, which is recognized as a root that gradually formed other basic medical sciences. Therefore, educational program and curriculum are very important aspects of anatomical science. This study aimed to evaluate and compare training programs of the PhD in anatomical sciences in ten different universities according to European standards. This descriptive - comparative study was conducted using multi-stage sampling method to choose 10 universities from five continents. Then, curricula of PhD in anatomy for ten selected universities were compared to Iranian curriculum according to European standards. Data were collected using information provided in official website of respective universities. In this study, we evaluated eight elements of the training programs in which three elements including duration of program, educational content and educational levels of the ten selected universities were consistent with European standards. However, we found no information regarding duration of PhD program in the Iranian curriculum. Our findings indicated that African universities perform weaker than other universities. In addition, training program of doctoral anatomy in Iran showed satisfactory standards in comparison to other universities across the world. The training program in Iran was consistent with the world's greatest universities as well as European standards. Hence, future studies are recommended to focus on the correct implementation of training programs. Keywords: Curriculum, PhD Anatomy, Standard ORPHEUS.

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2

Patrick C. Nahirney PhD, William K. Ovalle PhD,. "William K. Ovalle PhD, Patrick C. Nahirney PhD Netter's Essential Histology: With Correlated Histopathology (Netter Basic Science) 3rd Edition." Morphologia 15, no. 1 (2021): 90–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2021.1.90-91.

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With strong correlations between gross anatomy and the microanatomy of structures, Netter’s Essential Histology, 3rd Edition, is the perfect text for today’s evolving medical education. Concise and easy to use, it integrates gross anatomy and embryology with classic histology slides and state-of-the-art scanning electron microscopy, offering a clear, visual understanding of this complex subject. Additional histopathology images, more clinical boxes, and new histopathology content ensure that this textbook-atlas clearly presents the most indispensable histologic concepts and their clinical relevance.Helps you recognize both normal and diseased structures at the microscopic level with the aid of succinct explanatory text as well as numerous clinical boxes. Features more histopathology content and additional clinical boxes to increase your knowledge of pathophysiology and clinical relevance. Includes high-quality light and electron micrographs, including enhanced and colorized electron micrographs that show ultra-structures in 3D, side by side with classic Netter illustrations that link your knowledge of anatomy and cell biology to what is seen in the micrographs. Provides online access to author-narrated video overviews of each chapter, plus Zoomify images and Virtual Slides that include histopathology and can be viewed at different magnifications.

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3

Carter, Simon. "Anatomy of qualitative management PhD. Part two – getting finished." Management Research News 22, no. 12 (1999): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01409179910781887.

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4

Trubiani, Oriana. "Special issue on Innovative Technologies in Clinical Medicine & Dentistry (InTEchMed)." Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology 126, no. 2 (2022): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/ijae-14165.

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The PhD course in Innovative Technologies in Clinical Medicine & Dentistry (InTEchMed) of the University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, is a newly instituted course that brings together professors and researchers belonging to scientific-disciplinary sectors that are homogeneous and coherent with a scientific project that has as its objective “ the pursuit of multidisciplinarity research” by finalizing the research, in terms of content and applicability, as a priority to satisfying the growing demands for a medicine of excellence with particular reference to spheres of interest of great relevance and considerable impact social responsibility attributable to the areas of specialization identified by the National Research Plan. The PhD course in InTechMEd incorporates and processes technological and scientific innovations in the context of the skills that characterize it and, with a synergistic work, seeks to interface with the national and international scientific community with a constructive and innovative spirit. To this end, to promote the research activity of their PhD students, the First PhD InTechMEd Conference was organized, where the students presented the preliminary data of the research carried out and these oral presentations were collected to be published in the special issue of the Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology.

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Carter, Simon. "Anatomy of a qualitative management PhD. Part one – getting started." Management Research News 22, no. 11 (1999): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01409179910781850.

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6

Balabdina, I. A. "In memory of a teacher. V.N. Perepelitsyn: 75th anniversary of the birth." Perm Medical Journal 38, no. 5 (2021): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/pmj385173-178.

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The article is devoted to the outstanding surgeon, MD, PhD, Professor, Head of the Department of Normal, Topographic and Clinical Anatomy, an excellent lecturer, scientists and teacher Vladimir Nikolaevich Perepelitsyn. He is always in our hearts.

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Westerlund, Enid. "It must be awesome being married to a doctor?" Pacific Health Dialog 21, no. 9 (2022): 629–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26635/phd.2022.137.

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If you think having a doctor for a future husband is ideal, think again. Sure, McDreamy is every girl’s dream but you’ll bet your right arm it’s not all fairy tales and rainbows. Blame E.R and Grey’s Anatomy for putting these silly ideas in our pretty heads.

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8

Sheetz, James H. "In remembrance: Michael A. Casey, PhD." Clinical Anatomy 16, no. 5 (2003): 468–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.10207.

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Chase, Robert A. "In remembrance: Lawrence Mathers, MD, PhD." Clinical Anatomy 21, no. 2 (2008): 207–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.20596.

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10

Geller, Stephen A., and Mahul B. Amin. "Juan Lechago, MD, PhD 1942-2006." Advances in Anatomic Pathology 14, no. 1 (2007): 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pap.0b013e31802ef509.

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11

Meiring, Jan H. "In remembrance: Hanno Boon, PhD (1970-2004)." Clinical Anatomy 18, no. 3 (2005): 224–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.20120.

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12

Lasker, Shamima. "BBS News." Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 8, no. 3 (2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v8i3.35610.

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Training programme on “Research Methodology”Planning, Monitoring & Research Division of DGHS with technical support of Bangladesh Bioethics Society (BBS) and American University of Sovereign Nation (AUSN, USA) organized a three days Training programme on “Research Methodology” on 3-5 December, 2017 at Conference Room, DGHS (1st floor, Old Building). Graduation Ceremony: Following Members of BBS have been graduated from AUSN, USA in 2017 and honored by BBS through a programme.PhD (Bioethics, Sustainability and Global Public Health)Prof Shamima Parvin Lasker, Professor & Head of Anatomy, MH Samorita Medical College, Dhaka – She is the 2nd PhD holder and 1st Female PhD from AUSN. Master of Bioethics and Global Public Health Dr Tonmoy BiswasTanya AhmedTamjida Ahmed

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13

Colborn, Gene L. "In Remembrance: Thomas Allen Weidman, PhD (1933-2002)." Clinical Anatomy 16, no. 1 (2002): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.10091.

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Seifert, Mark F. "In remembrance: Charles Edward Blevins, PhD (1924-2002)." Clinical Anatomy 16, no. 4 (2003): 366–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.10199.

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McInaney, Maureen, Sexton Sutherland, and Dori Tico Murray. "In remembrance: Hugh ?Pat? Patterson, PhD (1942-2003)." Clinical Anatomy 17, no. 2 (2004): 152–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.20006.

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Rhodin, Judie. "In remembrance: Johannes Rhodin, MD, PhD (1922-2004)." Clinical Anatomy 18, no. 5 (2005): 392–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.20187.

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17

Temizsoy Korkmaz, Fulya, and İlke Ali Gürses. "Initial effects of Covid-19 pandemic on graduate anatomy education in Turkey." Anatomy 14, no. 2 (2020): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2399/ana.20.763479.

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Objectives: Meeting the growing need for quality anatomy researcher-educator is a difficult task. Graduate anatomy programs in Turkey that consist of Master of Science, Doctor of Philosophy, and Specialty in Medicine aim to achieve this goal. Unfortunately, the rapid spread of the Covid-19 pandemic either paused or halted higher education worldwide. This sectional study aims to outline the initial effects of the pandemic on graduate anatomy education in Turkey. Methods: An online survey was distributed among graduate students. The survey evaluated educational and research activities prior and during the pandemic, institutional adaptations, and future projections. Results: Answers of 51 female and 19 male students (response rate 36.6%) were included in the study. There were 10 MSc (14.3%), 45 PhD (64.3%), and 15 Residency (21.4%) students. Seminars, journal clubs, and case presentations completely ceased in Residency programs. Conversely, online lectures significantly decreased in MSc and PhD programs exclusively. Programs that used blended learning methods were viewed as more effective and better adapted to the pandemic. Students favored transferring lectures (94%), seminars (67%), journal clubs (67%), and case presentations (60%) to online resources. Conversely, they contradicted the online transfer of practice (30%) and dissection (7%) hours. Conclusion: Despite its low response rate, this sectional study summarizes the initial adaptation of graduate educational programs in Turkey to the Covid-19 pandemic. It also provides insight on future curriculum development. Further studies are needed to outline how much content of graduate programs might be delivered online effectively.

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18

Dehner, Louis P. "Tribute to Kamal G. Ishak, MD, PhD." American Journal of Surgical Pathology 28, no. 8 (2004): 1096–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.pas.0000131555.13356.73.

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19

Page, David W. "In remembrance: Sandy Marks, Jr., DDS, PhD (1937-2002)." Clinical Anatomy 16, no. 2 (2003): 182–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.10157.

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DePhilip, Robert M. "In remembrance Margaret (?Peg?) Hopkins Hines, PhD (1923-2004)." Clinical Anatomy 17, no. 7 (2004): 583–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.20036.

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21

Ball, Jennette J., Kristina L. Petrocco-Napuli, and Michael P. Zumpano. "An International Survey of Gross Anatomy Courses in Chiropractic Colleges." Journal of Chiropractic Education 26, no. 2 (2012): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7899/jce-12-004.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide the first comprehensive description of gross anatomy course design in chiropractic colleges internationally and to provide baseline data for future investigation, future comparison with other health care professions, and identification of trends. Methods: A 72-question cross-sectional electronic survey was sent to the anatomy department chair at 36 chiropractic colleges internationally using Zoomerang, a web-based survey instrument. To augment the survey response data, public sources of data also were collected. Results: Forty-four percent of the electronic surveys were returned and information was gathered for 31 institutions from public sources. These results indicate (1) the most common degrees held by anatomy faculty were MS and PhD in anatomy, and DC degrees; (2) 75% of institutions utilized human cadavers and 75% presented laboratory anatomical demonstrations; (3) 62% used PowerPoint and 100% provided students with copies of lecture presentations; (4) 88% required attendance in laboratory and 50% in lecture; (5) 69% issued one grade for lecture and laboratory; (6) 100% of laboratory examinations were anatomical identification; and (7) 80% of written examinations were multiple-choice format. Conclusions: While individual variations existed, chiropractic institutions internationally have similar gross anatomy faculty, course design, delivery methods, and assessment methods.

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Smith, J. J., S. M. Koethe, and H. V. Forster. "A new PhD training track: a proposal to improve basic science teaching." Advances in Physiology Education 272, no. 6 (1997): S36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advances.1997.272.6.s36.

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There has been increasing criticism of medical basic science teaching; much of this has focused on overcrowding of the curriculum, inadequate application to clinical medicine, and the limited commitment of the faculty to teach. We have analyzed some of the factors that may contribute to these complaints, such as the fragmentation of physiology and the conflicting roles of the medical basic scientist. We have also reviewed some previous suggestions for improving basic science teaching. We suggest that a basic scientist with a background of integrative physiology, pharmacology, anatomy, and pathology, with a special emphasis on pathophysiology, would be well qualified to assume an important role in the medical education of the future. Because there is at present no established training program of this type, we have proposed a PhD training track with this objective and have listed some of the advantages and disadvantages of such a program.

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23

Rezaietavirani, Mostafa, Yousef Sadeghi, and Forouzan Kavarizadeh. "Curriculum Audit of the Iranian Anatomy PhD Program according to ORPHEOUS Standards: A European Standard." journal of ilam university of medical sciences 26, no. 4 (2018): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/sjimu.26.4.136.

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24

Slonecker, Charles E. "A personal remembrance: Richard J. Blandau, PhD, MD (1911-1998)." Anatomical Record 253, no. 5 (1998): 130–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0185(199810)253:5<130::aid-ar3>3.0.co;2-p.

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25

Sudo, Syoji. "Wood Anatomy in Japan Since Its Early Beginnings." IAWA Journal 28, no. 3 (2007): 259–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90001639.

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The history of wood anatomy in Japan, which goes back to 1882, is reviewed, based on a comprehensive literature study. In the early phase most publications dealt with descriptive wood anatomy and identification, while later publications are highly diversified. The beginning of Japanese wood anatomy coincided with the publication of Nakamura's PhD thesis in Munich on the wood anatomical properties and identification of Japanese softwood species. In subsequent decades, several wood anatomists have made studies in Nakamura's footsteps on the Japanese soft- and hardwood species, in the tradition of the German school of comparative plant anatomy. In the first half of the 20th century, the development of wood anatomy in Japan is dominated by the work of Fujioka, Kanehira, Kawai, Yamabayashi and their collaborators and students. In this period there was a growing interest in timber species from abroad. In the second half of the 20th century, activities have steadily increased with a growing number of wood anatomists. Electron microscopic studies on wood began in the Government Forest Experiment Station in the nineteen-fifties, led by Harada, who later continued his research and teaching at Kyoto University. Other centres of wood ultrastructural research soon followed. A large number of research reports and books has been published on the wood anatomy of tropical species. This is because of the influx on the market of a huge volume of imported logs from a great number of lesser-known tropical species since the mid nineteen-sixties. Names of Fujioka and Kanehira are found in the list of the IAWA founders and since the foundation of IAWA the participation of Japanese wood anatomists has seen an upward tendency.

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26

Terrell, Mark, and Randy Kulesza. "Creating Educator Scholar Leaders – Effectiveness of Robust Curriculum Development of a New PhD Program in Anatomy Education." FASEB Journal 34, S1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.05908.

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27

Mihály, András. "In memoriam Bertalan Csillik, MD, PhD, DSc, professor emeritus of Szeged University (1927–2012)." Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger 195, no. 1 (2013): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2012.09.002.

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28

MarÃn-Capuz, Gisela, and Javier MenÃ©ndez-BlÃ¡zquez. "Herpetology in Spain: a current overview through doctoral theses." Basic and Applied Herpetology 36 (June 28, 2022): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.11160/bah.235.

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This study summarizes the temporal variation, the relative contribution of each university, the research topics addressed, the taxonomic groups studied and the differences in author and its advisorsâ€™ gender in the 303 PhD theses on herpetology defended in Spain and gathered in TeseoÂ© and DialnetÂ© between 1977 and 2020. The number of theses defended per year is around 7 with an upward trend. Complutense and Autonomous University of Madrid universities hosted the highest number of theses, followed by Barcelona and Valencia universities. The most addressed topic was morphology, biometry and anatomy, followed by physiology and histology, genetics and habitat selection. The most studied herpetofauna orders were Squamata and Anura and the families most tackled were Lacertidae, followed by Ranidae and Salamandridae. The most addressed species were native to Spain and without protection status, as opposed to those that were non-native or with protection status. The study of invasive species is very poorly represented. The number of PhD theses defended by men is higher compared to those by women (1.43:1), however, both genders show an upward trend in the number of theses. The results represent an approximation of the development, trends and interests pursued by herpetological research in Spain.

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Norman, Robert W., Stuart M. McGill, and James R. Potvin. "Dr. Richard C. Nelson: An Important Multigenerational Father of Biomechanics." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 37, no. 6 (2021): 587–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2021-0296.

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Dr. Richard Nelson is internationally acknowledged in many countries as an extremely important leader in the emergence of biomechanics of human movement as a respected scientific discipline. As his PhD graduates, and, subsequently, their graduates, have become faculty members at many universities, Dr. Nelson’s influence has grown for more than 50 years via several generations of his biomechanics “children.” It was probably never known to him that he also had significant influence on all laboratory-based subdisciplines of the undergraduate and graduate education and faculty research programs of the then new (1967) Department of Kinesiology at the University of Waterloo, Canada. The teaching and research programs included not only biomechanics but also exercise and work physiology, anatomy, biochemistry, and neurophysiology of human movement.

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Para la Investigación en Neurociencias, Fundación CENIT. "Latin American Congress of Functional Neurosurgery and Stereotaxy. Presentation Summaries." NeuroTarget 9, no. 2 (2015): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47924/neurotarget2015249.

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Epidural Motor Cortex Stimulation in gait disturbances of advanced Parkinson disease patients using noninvasive transcranial electrical stimulation as a predictor.Eduardo Urbano da Silva MD; Nilton Alves Lara Jr, PhD; Joao Almeida da Silva; José Esteves Veiga, PhD Disciplina de Neurocirugía da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.E-mail: dreurbano@gmail.com Subtalamotomía por radiofrecuencia guiada por microrregistro: Aspectos técnico- quirúrgicos, complicaciones y resultados motores, cognitivos y conductuales a un año. Sergio Pampin, MD. NeurocirujanoHospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas, Buenos Aires, Argentina. E-mail: sergio.pampin@argentina.com New aims in functional neurosurgery: from symptomatic treatment to neuroprotection therapiesNapoleon Torres, MD, PhD; Cécile Moro PhD; Claude Chabrol B Eng; John Mitrofanis PhD y Alim-Louis Benabid, MD, PhDCentre d’énergie Atomique ET Alternative (CEA CLINATEC) Grenoble, France and Departments of Anatomy and Histology and Physiology, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia E-mail: napoleon.torres-martinez@cea.fr Spinal cord stimulation improves gait performance in advanced Parkinson’s disease in chronic STN-DBS patients: pilot studyErich Talamoni Fonoff*, Carolina Oliveira Souza, Carolina Pinto de Souza, Maria Gabriela dos Santos Ghilardi, Rubens Gisbert Cury, William Omar Lopez Contreras, Egberto Reis Barbosa, Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira.Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil.E- mail: fonoffet@usp.br Registro cerebral profundo y tiempo quirúrgico en la cirugía para trastornos del movimientoIng. Juan Teijeiro, Raúl Macías, Carlos Maragoto, Mario Álvarez, Nelson E. QuintanalCentro Internacional de Restauración Neurológica (CIREN), Servicio de Neurocirugía, La Habana, CubaE-mail: juan@neuro.ciren.cu Metodología multimodal para la determinación de blancos en neurocirugía funcionalIng. Maylen Carballo Barreda, Rafael Rodríguez, Juan Miguel Morales, Karla Batista, Iván García, MD; José Antonio Prince, Nelson Quintanal.Centro Internacional de Restauración Neurológica, La Habana, Cuba. E-mail:maylen.carballo@neuro.ciren.cu Generation of Cloned Buffalo from Adult Somatic Cells and in vivo Recovered Oocytes Opens New Avenues for Human Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (hSCNT)William Omar Contreras López MD PhD; Jesús Alfredo Berdugo Gutiérrez, Erich Fonoff MD PhD, Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira MD PhD; Mario Martínez-Díaz DVM PhD.Genescol S.A. Palenque - Chimita, Girón, Santander, Colombia. Evaluación pre y postoperatoria del paciente con enfermedad de parkinson. Un nuevo conceptoPablo E. Graff. NeurocirujanoFundación AlunCo Internacional. Centro de NeuroRehabilitación Integral, Buenos Aires, Argentina E-mail: pabloenriquegraff@gmail.com Subthalamic nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson Disease: Early surgery criteriasMarcello Penholate, MD; Daniel Resende Sacramento; MD; Alexandre Varella Gianetti, MD Neurosurgery Department Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais, Brazil. E-mail: marcellopenholate@me.com Estimulación cerebral profunda y trastorno del movimientoHumberto Prinzo, MD; Aurana Erman, MD; Federico Salle, MDEquipo de Neurocirugía Funcional y Estereotáxica. Instituto de Neurología. Hospital de Clíni- cas. Facultad de Medicina. Montevideo, Uruguay. E-mail: hprinzo@abinet.com.uy Neurocirugía funcional en trastornos del movimiento. Experiencia del CIREN-Cuba Nelson Ernesto Quintanal Cordero, MD; Iván García Maeso, MD; Raúl Macías González, MD; DrC. Juan Tejeiro Amador, Lic. Maylen Carballo Barreda, Lic. Rafael Rodríguez Rojas, Carlos Maragoto Rizo, MD; Yordanka Ricardo, MD; Mario Álvarez Sánchez, MD; Ivón Pedroso, MD Centro Internacional de Restauración Neurológica. (CIREN). La Habana. Cuba.E-mail: nquintanal@neuro.ciren.cu Estimulación cerebral profunda en los trastornos del movimiento mediante cirugía con neuronavegación FramelessFrancisco Robaina, MD; Ignacio Jorge, MD; José Suárez, MDUnidad de Neurocirugía Funcional y Tratamiento del Dolor Crónico. Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria “Dr. Negrín”. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. España.E-mail: frobpad@gobiernodecanarias.org

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Čufar, Katarina. "Dieter Eckstein, 1939-2021 and his rich legacy of dendrochronology in Slovenia and the world." Les/Wood 70, no. 2 (2021): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.26614/les-wood.2021.v70n02a08.

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Prof. Dr. Dieter Eckstein (1939-2021) was a leading scientist, teacher, mentor, leader, promoter and motivatorin the field of dendrochronology and wood biology. After graduating in wood science and receiving a PhD indendrochronology, he was professor of wood biology at the University of Hamburg. From 1995-2004, he was Director of the Department of Wood Biology, University of Hamburg, and of the Institute of Wood Biology and Wood Protection at the Federal Research Centre for Forestry and Forest Products in Hamburg, Germany. His work had a decisive influence on the development of wood anatomy, wood biology and dendrochronology and his laboratory was a reference point for dendrochronology worldwide. He supported dendrochronologists throughout Europe and around the world in their pioneering work to establish dendrochronology laboratories and develop dendrochronology in numerous countries, including Slovenia.

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32

Holzhausen, Anja. "What we really know about the dormancy, reproduction, germination and cultivation of charophytes (Characeae)." One Ecosystem 9 (April 23, 2024): e117655. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.9.e117655.

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This expanded review aims to provide information on previous basic research by charophyte experts in the areas of reproduction, dormancy, germination of oospores and cultivation. Therefore, published information, the author's PhD thesis and further results have been combined to summarise the current state of knowledge for Characeae of permanent and temporary waterbodies. The understanding of evolutionary, systematic and molecular pathways require multidimensional approaches using combined results of morphology, anatomy, physiology, genetics, geobotanics and ecology. The application of zonobioms from geobotanies for performed germination studies resulted in a linkage between environmental conditions and dormancy breakage treatment. Besides this, the combination of environmental logger data and species-specific cultivation knowledge resulted in an optimised <i>in-vitro</i> system that allow the successful gametangia initiation and maturation under artificial laboratory conditions in monoecious diplostichous <i>Chara</i> species.

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33

Vicerial, Jeanne. "Print the body. Clothes printing project." Temes de Disseny, no. 34 (November 26, 2018): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.46467/tdd34.2018.44-47.

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Skin has become the main fabric of the 21st century, enabling the body itself to become the new customised apparel. Over the last three years of my studies, my research was based not only on style considerations, but also on moving away from contemporary industrial constraints and going towards a new clothing production method. My research was focused on developing an artisanal process that makes clothing comparable to 3D printing. I drew on my research of human anatomy and the body to rethink the construction of clothing. My work is an analogy between body and clothing. My designs are based on human muscular weaves. All my patterns are extracted from human anatomy to create a new, wearable skin. This method of construction allows people to wear their own anatomies, exposing the internal construction of their bodies. Each piece is entirely made of a single recycled thread. This experimental method is hand-crafted, without the use of a sewing machine. Because this process is handmade, the goal is to develop a machine that is capable of sewing customised apparel based on a 3D body scan. While doing my PhD in fashion textiles, I have collaborated alongside engineers to produce this new technology. This method both eliminates textile waste and proposes a different form of industrial customised clothing production.

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Brokaw, James J., and Valerie D. O'Loughlin. "Implementation of an education-focused PhD program in anatomy and cell biology at Indiana University: Lessons learned and future challenges." Anatomical Sciences Education 8, no. 3 (2014): 258–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ase.1482.

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Артюх, Линард Юрьевич, Ирина Николаевна Соколова, Ольга Юрьевна Смирнова, et al. "NATALIA R. KARELINA IS AN OUTSTANDING SOVIET AND RUSSIAN ANATOMIST." Russian Biomedical Research 8, no. 4 (2023): 116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.56871/rbr.2023.83.49.013.

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В ноябре 2023 г. исполнилось 80 лет Наталье Рафаиловне Карелиной — доктору медицинских наук, профессору, заведующей кафедрой анатомии человека ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Минздрава России, члену правления Научного медицинского общества анатомов, гистологов и эмбриологов России. Наталья Рафаиловна — выпускница Ленинградского педиатрического медицинского университета. С 1967 г. работает врачом-педиатром, а с 1970 г. — ассистентомкафедры анатомии человека. В 1980 г. успешно защищает диссертацию на соискание ученой степени кандидата наук, а в 1994 г. — доктора наук. С 1995 по 2000 г. Наталья Рафаиловна занимает должность профессора кафедры морфологии Института медицинского образования в составе Новгородского университета им. Ярослава Мудрого, с 2000 по 2003 гг. заведует ею. Деятельность профессора Карелиной на тот период не ограничивается кафедрой: с 1995 по 1997 г. она является проректором по науке, а с 1997 по 2000 г. — деканом лечебного истоматологического факультетов. В 2003 г. избрана на должность заведующей кафедрой анатомии человека Санкт-Петербургской педиатрической медицинской академии. В период 2013–2014 гг. занимает пост декана факультета дополнительного и профессионального образования. Н.Р. Карелина является научным руководителем девяти кандидатских диссертаций, научным консультантом двух докторских диссертаций, автором более 300 научных публикаций. Создатель и президент Санкт-Петербургского симпозиума по морфологии, биохимии, нормальной и патологической физиологии ребенка, в цели которого заложена популяризация медицинской науки. Администрация Университета, Ученый совет, Санкт-Петербургское отделение Научного медицинского общества анатомов, гистологов и эмбриологов, редакция журнала «Российские биомедицинские исследования», сотрудники кафедры анатомии человека и студенты сердечно поздравляют Наталью Рафаиловну, желают ей крепкого здоровья, неиссякаемой энергии и творческих успехов на благо любимой науки и родного университета. In November 2023, Natalia R. Karelina, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of&nbsp; Human Anatomy of the St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, member of the Board of the Scientific Medical Society of Anatomists, Histologists and Embryologists of Russia, turned 80. Natalia Rafailovna is a graduate of the Leningrad Pediatric Medical University. Since 1967 he has been working as a pediatrician, and since 1970 as an assistant at the Department of Human Anatomy. In 1980 successfully defends his dissertation for the degree of Candidate of Sciences, and in 1994, Doctor of Sciences. From 1995 to 2000 Natalia Rafailovna holds the position of Professor of the Department of Morphology of the Institute of Medical Education at the Novgorod University Yaroslav the Wise, from 2000 to 2003 in charge of it. The activity of Professor Karelina at that time was not limited to the department: from 1995 to 1997. She is the vice-rector for Science, and from 1997 to 2000 — Dean of the Medical and Dental Faculties. In 2003 She was elected to the position of Head of the Department of Human Anatomy of the St. Petersburg Pediatric Medical Academy. In the period 2013–2014 he holds the post of Dean of the Faculty of Additional and Vocational Education. N.R. Karelina is the supervisor of nine PhD dissertations, scientific consultant of two doctoral dissertations. N.R. Karelina is the scientific supervisor of nine PhD theses, scientific consultant of two doctoral theses, author of more than 300 scientific publications. The founder and president of the St. Petersburg Symposium on Morphology, Biochemistry, Normal and pathological Physiology of the child, whose goals are to popularize medical science. The University Administration, the Academic Council, the St. Petersburg Branch of the Scientific Medical Society of Anatomists, Histologists and Embryologists, the Editorial Board of the journal “Russian Biomedical Research”, the staff of the Department of Human Anatomy and students cordially congratulate Natalia Rafailovna, wish her good health, inexhaustible energy and creative success for the benefit of her beloved science and her native university.

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Singh, D. R. "In Memoriam Padmashree Prof. Dr. Mahdi Hasan - A Stalwart of Anatomy MBBS, MS (Hons), PhD, DSc, FAMS, FICS, FRMS, FNASc, FNA (1936–2013)." Journal of the Anatomical Society of India 62, no. 1 (2013): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2778(13)80021-4.

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Romero, Roberto. "Giants in Obstetrics and Gynecology Series: Philippe Jeanty, MD, PhD, a pioneer in the study of fetal anatomy, biometry, growth, and congenital anomalies." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 225, no. 1 (2021): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2021.03.043.

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SOCIETY OF CLINICAL ANATOMY OF RWANDA (S-CAR). "First Anatomy Annual Congress in Rwanda - October 13 – 15, 2022." Rwanda Medical Journal 80, no. 1 (2023): 44–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/rmj.v80i1.1.

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Theme: Promoting anatomy to enlighten safe and effective clinical practice It is with a greater honor that I welcome you to this Anatomy Annual Congress, the first of its kind in Rwanda. Anatomy is an essential fundamental science in medical education and medical practice and it deserve to be vibrant scientifically. The S-CAR have been founded with the aim of growing the anatomy sciences and this congress is a wonderful outcome of this common commitment. The congress has 4 events that include: a pre-conference workshop on the peripheral nervous system, the S-CAR annual congress, the scientific conference and the world anatomy day (WAD). Reinforcing the importance of the PNS, Dr. David HAKIZIMANA, a Senior Consultant Neurosurgeon wrote this, I quote: “Peripheral nerve surgery is used to improve function and minimize pain and disability in people with peripheral nerve disorders, such as acute nerve injuries, entrapment neuropathies, and nerve sheath tumors. It involves rerouting healthy nerves to take over the function of the nerves affected by injury, disease, or condition. Surgical treatment for peripheral nerve injuries involves a team which may include: neurosurgeons, plastic surgeons, orthopedic surgeons. Globally the status of peripheral nerve surgery practice within the global landscape of surgery has long been in the shadow of the more prominent areas. The reasons are many, one of them plausibly being the conceptual frame of the very word “peripheral”, which evoke the notions of marginality and lesser importance especially for neurosurgeons. Some of the related common misconceptions are that neurological deficit in peripheral nerve injury is permanent and irreversible, that peripheral nerves do not have the ability to regenerate, that the results of surgical treatment are insignificant. In Rwanda and Africa in general peripheral nerve surgery in almost non-existing or at embryonic phase at best. Although peripheral nerve surgery is not a life-saving surgery, it has been proved to be a life-changing surgery, with a major impact on the quality of patient’s life, as it improves the patient’s ability to perform every day and professional activities and thus affects his/her physical and psychological well-being. Moreover, since most patients with peripheral nerve injuries and brachial plexus injuries belong to the working-age population, peripheral nerve surgery also has substantial socioeconomic implications. Contrary to the previously held view, the peripheral nerve system has been shown to have a huge regeneration potential, with significant results enhanced by different modalities of stimulation, whereby recent research on brain plasticity indicates that experience-dependent reorganization of neural networks plays an important role in functional recovery. For all these reasons, systematic research, education, and practice in peripheral nerve surgery is definitely worth the effort. The aim of this course will be to train residents and interested surgeons from Rwanda in peripheral nerve surgery skills”. The rich scientific conference program with 37 presentations subdivided in sessions on medical education, congenital defects, anatomy and anatomical variations, neurosciences, free presentations, closure lecture, scientific forum for PhD and MSC candidates, cadavers for education and research will give to you an excellent experience. On behalf of S-CAR, I am grateful to the sponsors (MoH, UR, UGHE, AUCA-ASOME, Operation Smile, CHUK and MMI).

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Jinkins, J. Randy. "Primer of sectional anatomy with MRI and CT correlation. Charles P. Barrett, PhD. Larry D. anderson. PhD, Lawrence E. Holder, MD, and steven J. Poliakoff, MD Baltimore, Md: Williams & wilkins, 1994. $25.00: pp 160: approximately 200 illustrations." Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 4, no. 5 (1994): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.1880040503.

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Romanelli, John R., and Mark P. Callery. "Minimal Access Surgical Anatomy: Carol E. H. Scott-Comer, MD, PhD, Alfred Cuschieri, MD and Fiona J. Carter, BSC Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000." Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 16, no. 6 (2001): 295–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088506660101600608.

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Averkin, N. S., A. S. Kupryushin, N. V. Kupryushina, and Zh S. Vishnyakova. "To the 120th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding soviet pathomorphologist - associate professor N.F. poryvayev." Kazan medical journal 97, no. 3 (2016): 461–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17750/kmj2016-461.

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2015 marks the 120th anniversary of the birth of Nikolay Fedorovich Poryvaev - the outstanding Russian physician-pathologist and scientist. After graduation from the Penza boys gymnasium Nikolay Fedorovich entered the Medical Faculty of Kharkov University, graduating in 1923. He first worked as a therapist in the Mokshan village of Penza region. Then he moved to Penza, where he continued to work as a therapist in the provincial hospital (currently SBIH «Penza Regional Clinical Hospital named after N.N. Burdenko»). From 1929 to 1936 he was in charge of the provincial hospital prosectorium. He became interested in scientific and pedagogical activity, which he began to be engaged in further by moving to the Department of Pathological Anatomy of Kazan State Medical Institute. In 1950 N.F. Poryvaev defended his PhD thesis on «Pathology». For a time, from 1955 to 1959 and from 1966 to 1968 he headed the department. The article presents a brief biography of the associate professor N.F. Poryvaev, his activities in Penza and Kazan are described. Nikolay Fedorovich was World War II veteran, he was awarded the Order of the Red Star and three medals for his services to the country. In the literature devoted to the history of medicine of Penza and Kazan, there are only fragmentary information about associate professor N.F. Poryvayev. This work is presented to fill this gap.

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Morris, Alan. "A McMaster retrospective: how publishing in a student journal shaped my career." NEXUS: The Canadian Student Journal of Anthropology 22 (November 11, 2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.15173/nexus.v22i1.898.

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Alan G. Morris is Professor in the Department of Human Biology at the University of Cape Town. A Canadian by birth and upbringing, Professor Morris is also a naturalised South African. He has an undergraduate degree in Biology from Wilfrid Laurier University in Waterloo Ontario, and a PhD in Anatomy from the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg. Professor Morris has published extensively on the origin of anatomically modern humans, and the Later Stone Age, Iron Age and Historic populations of Kenya, Malawi, Namibia and South Africa. In more recent years he has extended his skeletal biology knowledge to the field of forensic anthropology. Professor Morris’ book ‘Missing and Murdered’ was the winner of the WW Howells Prize for 2013 from the American Anthropological Association. He has an additional interest in South African history and has published on the history of race classification, the history of physical anthropology in South Africa and on the Canadian involvement in the Anglo-Boer War. Professor Morris was selected as a visiting Fulbright Scholar in 2012-2013 and spent 9 months at The Ohio State University where he worked with American scholars on the ‘Global History of Health’ project. He is a council member of the Van Riebeeck Society for the Publication of Southern African Historical Documents, an associate editor of the South African Journal of Science and an elected member of the Academy of Science of South Africa.

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Castelblanco-Martínez, Nataly, Daniel Gonzalez-Socoloske, Leslie Cabrias, et al. "Accomplishments and challenges of the research on Antillean manatee: A bibliometric analysis." Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals 18, no. 1 (2023): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5597/lajam00297.

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The Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus) is an endangered subspecies of the West Indian manatee inhabiting countries of South America, Meso America and the Caribbean. Basic and applied research is necessary to inform management plans for the effective recovery of this subspecies. The purpose of this study was to systematically review literature regarding Antillean manatees, without restriction of the research topic. Article selection and screening process are described. Our final database consisted of 456 publications, of which peer-reviewed literature (articles, reviews, and notes in research journals) represent the most important type (63.4%), followed by BSc, MSc, and PhD theses (28.1%). Most of the research (70%) was conducted on wild manatees, 21,5% under human care conditions, and the rest a combination of both; the most common topics of study were ‘ecology’, ‘conservation’, ‘morphology, anatomy and physiology’, and ‘behavior’. The literature on Antillean manatee has expanded significantly over the last two decades across the region, with most of the research published in just the last five (25.4%) to 10 (44.6%) years. Most of the published work has been by Brazilian, Mexican, and Colombian researchers. However, an important amount of research remains as theses in Portuguese or Spanish limiting the dissemination of results. Relevant limitations for research and publication in Latin American countries may have an impact on the published literature on Antillean manatees, including scarce funding, poor facilities, language-related difficulties, and lack of a culture of publication. Avenues to melt scientific barriers may include increasing governmental investment on research, strengthening international networks, and improving the support to publish in high-impact journals.

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Pransky, Joanne. "The Pransky interview: Dr Nabil Simaan, Vanderbilt University Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Computer Science and Otolaryngology, Thought Leader in Medical Robotics." Industrial Robot: the international journal of robotics research and application 48, no. 4 (2021): 473–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-03-2021-0053.

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Purpose The following article is a “Q&A interview” conducted by Joanne Pransky of Industrial Robot Journal as a method to impart the combined technological, business and personal experience of a prominent, robotic industry PhD and innovator regarding his pioneering efforts. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The interviewee is Dr Nabil Simaan, Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Computer Science and Otolaryngology at Vanderbilt University. He is also director of Vanderbilt’s Advanced Robotics and Mechanism Applications Research Laboratory. In this interview, Simaan shares his unique perspective and approaches on his journey of trying to solve real-world problems in the medical robotics area. Findings Simaan received his BSc, MSc and PhD in mechanical engineering from the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology. He served as Postdoctoral Research Scientist in Computer Science at Johns Hopkins University. In 2005, he joined Columbia University, New York, NY, as an Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering until 2010, when he joined Vanderbilt. His current applied research interests include synthesis of novel robotic systems for surgical assistance in confined spaces with applications to minimally invasive surgery of the throat, natural orifice surgery, cochlear implant surgery and dexterous bimanual microsurgery. Theoretical aspects of his research include robot design and kinematics. Originality/value Dr Simaan is a leading pioneer on designing robotic systems and mechanisms for medical applications. Examples include technologies for snake robots licensed to Intuitive Surgical; technologies for micro-surgery of the retina, which led to the formation of AURIS Surgical Robotics; the insertable robotic effector platform (IREP) single-port surgery robot that served as the research prototype behind the Titan Medical Inc. Sport (Single Port Orifice Robotic Technology). Simaan received the NSF Career award for young investigators to design new algorithms and robots for safe interaction with the anatomy. He has served as the Editor for IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Associate Editor for IEEE Transactions on Robotics, Editorial Board Member of Robotica, Area Chair for Robotics Science and Systems and corresponding Co-chair for the IEEE Technical Committee on Surgical Robotics. In January 2020, he was bestowed the award of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Fellow for Robotics Advancements. At the end of 2020, he was named a top voice in health-care robotics by technology discovery platform InsightMonk and market intelligence firm BIS Research. Simaan holds 15 patents. A producer of human capital, his education goal is to achieve the best possible outcome with every student he works with.

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Hendriks, Inge, Inga Goriacheva, James Bovill, Fredrik Boer, Ivan Gaivoronskii, and Pancras Hogendoorn. "The Dutchman Herman Boerhaave and the Russian Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov are brilliant medical scientists, whose remembrance will be eternal." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicine 15, no. 2 (2020): 153–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu11.2020.207.

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The Dutchman Herman Boerhaave (1668–1738) and the Russian Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov (1810–1881) were brilliant physicians who made significant contributions to the practice of medicine. Herman Boerhaave graduated as a doctor in 1693 and eventually became professor of medicine, botany and chemistry at the University of the city Leiden. He is perhaps best known as a teacher and for introducing bedside teaching to the medical curriculum. Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov qualified as a physician in 1828 at the Moscow University, was awarded with his PhD at the German-Baltic University of Dorpat in 1832. In 1836 he was appointed as a professor in Dorpat and in 1841 as professor of surgery and applied anatomy at the Imperial Medico-Surgical Academy in St. Petersburg. Scientific achievements of N. I. Pirogov in medicine are multifaceted: he is the originator of unique technologies for studying the structure of a human being and developed anatomical atlases on these technologies. He was a virtuoso surgeon, an early adopter of ether anaesthesia, and innovator of medical triage and evacuation of the wounded. Why in one article a comparison the scientific achievements of these two brilliant personalities, who have entered the world history of medicine, are investigated, becomes clear from the words of N. I. Pirogov, who greatly appreciated Herman Boerhaave. Pirogov wrote that “…he did not consider himself an equal to Herman Boerhaave…” Was Pirogov right or were it modest words, this is up to the reader to decide. The influence of Anglo-Saxon literature and scientific schools, the role of Herman Boerhaave in the professional develop ment of N. I. Pirogov, and the innovations created by them in medicine were analysed on basis of archival documents.

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Svitlitsky, A. O., A. V. Chernyavskiy, T. M. Matvieishyna, M. S. Shcherbakov, and O. L. Zinych. "Eponyms in neuroanatomy: central nervous system." Morphologia 17, no. 3 (2023): 17–24. https://doi.org/10.26641/1997-9665.2023.3.17-24.

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Despite the exclusion from the International Anatomical Nomenclature in 1955, eponymous names are still actively used in the work of specialists in various fields of medicine and scientists of theoretical disciplines. Anatomical terminology adopted by the International Federation of Anatomical Associations (IFAA), as well as in the International Neuroanatomical Terminology approved by IFAA in 2019. The purpose of this article was to update the study of the eponyms of the structures of the central nervous system (CNS) found in Ukrainian and foreign literature, as well as widely used by clinicians in their practice. The search and selection of literature for a systematic review was carried out by the authors independently in the PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane databases using the keywords "eponym", "anatomical terminology", "central nervous system", "neuroanatomy", in the full texts of articles in English and Ukrainian according to the results studies with evidence level I - III. The presented article complements the history of the formation of anatomical and medical terminology as a part of the research work initiated by a prominent Ukrainian scientist MD, PHD, DSc. M.A. Voloshyn. The intensive development of neuroscience in recent years has led to the need to revise anatomical nomenclature and even create a separate International Neuroanatomical Terminology, which preserves eponymous names. As a result of the research of current literary sources from more than 200 eponymous names from the anatomy of the central nervous system, 50 terms that are most often used in modern clinical neuroanatomy were selected. The terms are presented in the form of a systematic list, structured according to the parts of the brain and spinal cord. Brief information about scientists is also given, which is a personalized reflection of the history of the anatomical science development. In the future, it is planned to carry out a more detailed systematization of eponyms related to the peripheral nervous system and brain meninges.

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Doarn, Charles R., Arnauld E. Nicogossian, Richard S. Williams, and JD Polk. "In Memoriam: Anatoly Ivanovich Grigoriev, MD, PhD." Telemedicine and e-Health 29, no. 3 (2023): 313–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2023.29092.mem.

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DePhillipo, Nicholas N. "Meniscal ramp lesions: anatomy, biomechanics and clinical outcomes (PhD Academy Award)." British Journal of Sports Medicine, August 19, 2020, bjsports—2020–102367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102367.

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Balta, Joy Y., Michael Cronin, John F. Cryan, and Siobhain M. O'Mahony. "The Utility of Cadaver‐Based Approaches for the Teaching of Human Anatomy: A Survey of British and Irish Anatomy Teachers." FASEB Journal 30, S1 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.30.1_supplement.784.2.

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Human cadavers have been used for centuries to learn about the human body. Today they still represent a key anatomy learning tool in most Medical Schools. Using reality anatomy such as dissection and demonstrating using cadavers has been described as a superior way to create meaning. To prevent the decomposition of cadavers and to decrease any health risks, cadavers are embalmed using different chemicals. These chemicals can differentially alter the tissue of the human body which has led to the usage of different processes along the hard to soft‐fixed spectrum of preserved cadavers. However, it is currently unclear what is the perceived utility of the different preservation modalities within anatomy learning environments.To this end we used a questionnaire based approach to gain a better insight into the opinion of anatomists on the use of preserved cadavers for the teaching of human anatomy. We focused on anatomy teachers in the United Kingdom and Ireland. From the 125 participating anatomists, 34.4% were medically qualified, 30.4% had a PhD in a non‐anatomical science and 22.4% had a PhD in an anatomical science, these figures include ten anatomists who had combinations of MD with the two other PhD qualifications. Anatomists with different background had different experiences. Table 1 shows the experiences of participating anatomist.The main findings from the questionnaire were that 61.6% of participants agreed that hard‐fixed formalin cadavers accurately resemble features of a human body while 21.6% disagreed. Moreover, anatomists rated the teaching aids on how accurately resemble features of the human body as follows (Figure 1) : plastic models the least accurate followed by plastinated specimen, and hard fixed cadavers; soft preserved cadavers were considered to be the most accurate when it comes to resembling features of the human body. Friedman test was conducted followed by Post hoc analysis with Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests showing that there was a statistically significant difference in rating between the different teaching aids.With different embalming solutions becoming more commercially available, it is important to remain unbiased and consider the best interest of education and research. Further research is required in order to investigate which techniques or methods provide better teaching tool for a range of anatomical teaching levels and for the sections of the body used in surgical training. Experience of anatomists teaching in the U.K. and Ireland in surgery, teaching a cadaver based anatomy module, examining the tissue of dissected fresh cadavers and examining the tissue of dissected soft preserved cadavers. Experience Yes (%) Surgery± 34.4% Cadaver Teaching 98.4% Examine Fresh Cadaver 52% Examine Soft Preserved cadaver 56% relevant to those who chose Medical Degree

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Loukas, Marios, Gene L. Colborn, and R. Shane Tubbs. "John Elias Skandalakis, MD, PhD, FACS (1920-2009)." Clinical Anatomy, 2010, NA. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.20939.

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