Relevant bibliographies by topics / PhD candidate

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'PhD candidate'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 5 June 2025
Last updated: 24 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "PhD candidate"

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Somo, Haithar, Dr Alice Kurgat, and Joshua Kwonyike. "PhD Candidate." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 7 (2021): 50–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.87.10502.

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Across the world, refugee hosting has been associated with costs and benefits to the hosting nations. However, in Kenya, hosting Somali refugees is majorly considered costly rather than beneficial to the nation. The county’s high insecurity is one of the major effects that Somali refugees are associated with. No objective research has indicated the specific benefits of Somali refugees in Kenya. Using mixed research method, this study focused on establishing the costs and benefits of Somali refugees. The findings show that Somali refugees pose positive and negative effects on the Kenyan state. These effects are economic, social, and environmental. The study recommends policy implementation and technological adoption strategies as ways of enhancing Somali refugee contribution to Kenya’s socio-economic development.
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Milovanović, Petar, Dragana Stolić, and Tatjana Pekmezović. "Writing phd thesis in English: Importance, challenges, and thesis originality." Medicinska istrazivanja 56, no. 2 (2023): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/medi56-44292.

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In line with the ORPHEUS guidelines, to encourage international recognition of PhD theses, the Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade (FMUB) promotes writing PhD theses in English. FMUB also requests and encourages PhD candidates to publish their results in international journals before thesis submission so as to increase their visibility in the scientific community. In addition to specific topics in medicine, PhD education needs to cover topics of general interest to researchers, in particular copyright and originality issues in scientific research. By adopting the concepts and terms of copyright, PhD candidates learn the importance of intellectual property and avoid plagiarism. As writing a PhD thesis in English may increase textual overlap between the thesis and the candidate's own published papers (in English) originating from the thesis, there may be some dilemmas in practice as to whether such textual overlap should be considered self-plagiarism or not. In line with the regulations at the top universities in the field of medicine, FMUB has adopted the conclusion that textual overlap between the thesis and the thesis-based publications of the candidate does not represent self-plagiarism, provided that certain conditions are met. Namely, regardless of the language of the dissertation, the key aspects of academic integrity in writing a PhD thesis should be honesty and transparency, namely, transparently linking the thesis-based publications with the final thesis; honestly and appropriately referencing the statements or any other content taken from the candidate's own previous work (unrelated to thesis) or other people's work; and transparently acknowledging the contribution from coauthors and team members in the thesis. These recommendations will improve transparency of thesis writing, protect PhD candidates and their supervisors, enhance internationalization of PhD programs, and further promote academic honesty in medical research and publishing.
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Milovanović, Petar, and Tatjana Pekmezović. "Supervisor education and quality of PhD studies: Current status and future challenges." Medicinska istrazivanja 55, no. 3 (2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/medi55-40099.

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Supervision is a specific relationship, where an experienced senior researcher provides guidance, support, and advice to navigate a junior colleague through the barriers to becoming an independent researcher. While supervision is clearly a rewarding duty, it is also associated with a number of challenges. It is clear that supervision involves many responsibilities, which means that the supervisor needs to possess a certain set of skills. While many of these skills are learned in the direct interaction with PhD candidates, it would be beneficial if a more formal and structured training was offered to supervisors, especially at the beginning of their supervision careers, so as to avoid frequent mistakes in the supervisor-PhD candidate relationship. Hence, the idea is to shift from experience-based supervision to professionalization, believing that such an approach would reduce the risk of poor supervision. At present, many universities offer formal education of supervisors. The practice of organized education of supervisors at University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine started in 2019 with the aim of preparing future supervisors to establish productive and responsive relationships with PhD candidates. After a break due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a revised supervision course was organized in 2022. The survey conducted among the attendees of the two organized courses supported the need for better education of university teachers in terms of supervision skills and leading of PhD candidates. Indeed, considering the fact that PhD outcomes are largely dependent on the supervisor and the successful supervisor-PhD candidate relationship, supporting supervision through formal training and education may be an important step in improving PhD experience and outcomes for both supervisors and PhD candidates.
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Fanshawe, Melissa, and Georgina Barton. "PhD by LMS: Using a learning management system to facilitate self-directed learning in a doctoral study." Australasian Journal of Educational Technology 39, no. 4 (2023): 104–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14742/ajet.8615.

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Doctoral studies can be daunting unless candidates are able to implement effective self-directed strategies and motivational tools to ensure success, which is reflected in the high attrition rates of doctoral candidates globally. This paper explores the use of a learning management system (LMS) to support the completion of a PhD for a doctoral candidate in a regional university enrolled in the online offering. The LMS was used throughout the PhD journey by the candidate to manage and organise documents related to the PhD study and reflect on progress. Using a digital ethnographic methodology, we analyse artefacts from the LMS through the lens of self-directed learning including cognitive, metacognitive, affective and social strategies. Findings showed that the LMS proved to be a useful way to organise, access and store information and had tools to enable motivation, both by the doctoral candidate and the supervisor. They also showed that the relationship between the candidate and supervisor was critical in this success. Implications from this digital ethnography highlight important self-directed strategies enabled through the use of the LMS. In addition, the LMS allowed deep reflection on PhD progress and provided the necessary motivation to complete the study. Therefore, LMS use could potentially increase doctoral candidate retention. Implications for practice or policy Supervisors within universities could consider facilitating an LMS as an effective learning environment to organise, access and store information for a doctoral student’s studies. Doctoral students may benefit from the pedagogical tools in an LMS to enhance self-directed study and facilitate communication with supervisors during their doctoral studies.
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Mewburn, I. "Troubling talk: assembling the PhD candidate." Studies in Continuing Education 33, no. 3 (2011): 321–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0158037x.2011.585151.

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Peacock, Susi. "The PhD by Publication." International Journal of Doctoral Studies 12 (2017): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3781.

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Aim/Purpose: The purpose of this work is to develop more nuanced understandings of the PhD by publication, particularly raising awareness of the retrospective PhD by publication. The article aims to contribute to contemporary debates about the differing pathways to the attainment of doctoral study completion and the artifacts submitted for that purpose. It also seeks to support prospective graduate students and supervisors who are embarking upon alternative routes to doctoral accreditation. Background: The PhD is considered the pinnacle of academic study – highly cherished, and replete with deeply held beliefs. In response to changes in job markets, developments in the disciplines, and more varied student cohorts, diverse pathways to completion of this award have emerged, such as the PhD by publication (PhDP). A PhDP may either be prospective or retrospective. For the former, publications are planned and created with their contributions to the PhDP in mind. The retrospective PhD is assembled after some, or most, of the publications have been completed. The artifact submitted for examination in this case consists of a series of peer-reviewed academic papers, books, chapters, or equivalents that have been published or accepted for publication, accompanied by an over-arching narrative. The retrospective route is particularly attractive for professionals who are research-active but lack formal academic accreditation at the highest level. Methodology: This article calls upon a literature review pertaining to the award of PhDP combined with the work of authors who offer their personal experiences of the award. The author also refers to her candidature as a Scottish doctoral student whilst studying for the award of PhD by publication. Contribution: This work raises awareness of the PhDP as a credible and comparable pathway for graduate students. The article focuses upon the retrospective PhDP which, as with all routes to doctoral accreditation, has both benefits and issues for the candidate, discipline, and institution. Findings: The literature review identifies a lack of critical research into the PhDP, which mirrors the embryonic stage of the award’s development. Two specific anxieties are noted throughout the literature pertaining to the retrospective PhDP: first, issues for the candidate when creating and presenting an artifact submitted for examination; and, second, the diverse, and sometimes conflicting, advantages and challenges for the candidate, the subject specialism, and the institution of this pathway to doctoral accreditation. Recommendations for Practitioners: The advantages and challenges of the retrospective PhDP, for candidates, disciplines, and institutions are summarized especially pertaining to the artifact for submission, to guide conversations between supervisors and potential doctoral candidates. Impact on Society: It is hoped that this work will inform on-going conversations about pathways to PhD accreditation. Future Research: The article closes by proposing an emergent typology of the PhDP and by posing questions for those working in the area of doctoral study. Both seek to progress conversations about routes to doctoral accreditation.
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Holbrook, Allyson, Kylie Shaw, Jill Scevak, Sid Bourke, Robert Cantwell, and Janene Budd. "PhD Candidate Expectations: Exploring Mismatch with Experience." International Journal of Doctoral Studies 9 (2014): 329–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2078.

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Gazis, Alexandros, and Theodora Gazi. "Big data applications in industry fields." ITNOW 63, no. 2 (2021): 50–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/itnow/bwab056.

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Abstract Big data is not just another buzzword, write Alexandros Gazis, PhD candidate at the Democritus University of Thrace, School of Engineering and Theodora Gazi, PhD candidate at Athens University Law School. So, which industry fi elds can benefi t from its use?
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Drury, Vicki, Karen Francis, and Ysanne Chapman. "Walking the void: Being a rural PhD candidate." Australian Journal of Rural Health 14, no. 5 (2006): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1584.2006.00816.x.

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Zeeman, Jacqueline M., Emili B. Anderson, Isabel C. Matt, Michael B. Jarstfer, and Suzanne C. Harris. "Assessing factors that influence graduate student burnout in health professions education and identifying recommendations to support their well-being." PLOS ONE 20, no. 4 (2025): e0319857. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0319857.

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Background While well-being has become increasingly important in graduate education, limited information exists regarding factors contributing towards burnout and well-being in Pharmaceutical Sciences Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) students. This exploratory story aimed to identify factors influencing well-being and burnout in these students as well as identify recommendations to support their well-being. Methods A two-stage sampling approach was used: (1) purpose sample of Pharmaceutical Sciences PhD students at a public university were invited to participate in a semi-structured focus group or interview to explore factors contributing to PhD student burnout and well-being as well as solicit suggestions for strategies to improve their well-being; (2) Stratified sampling was used to assign participants into focus groups by All-But-Dissertation (ABD) status (i.e., pre-ABD candidates, ABD candidates) to explore experiences that may be unique to these students. Inductive coding and thematic analysis were used. Results Six PhD candidates participated in three sessions: three Pre-ABD candidates in one focus group, two ABD candidates in one focus group, and one ABD candidate in one interview. Participants identified relationships and aspects of curriculum and research (i.e., program design, completing milestones) as factors influencing their well-being. Factors influencing participants’ burnout included curriculum and research stressors (e.g., cumulative exams, competing academic and research responsibilities), working overtime, unrealistic expectations, lack of work life balance, and financial burden. While relationships and curriculum and research were factors in both subgroups, unique aspects within these themes emerged between Pre-ABD and ABD participants. Participant recommendations to foster PhD student well-being included improving financial support and encouraging PhD connections. Conclusions This study advances knowledge on factors influencing PhD student well-being and burnout, providing suggestions to improve their well-being. Findings highlight curriculum and research factors as well as relationship dynamics influence graduate student burnout and well-being. Findings contribute to broader conversations aimed to support student wellness and reduce burnout in higher education, informing the academy of focused areas and strategies to improve PhD student well-being.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "PhD candidate"

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Mushakoji, Sumiko. "The process of knowledge construction : a triple parallel wrighting of science, sociology of scientific knowledge and a candidate PhD thesis." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1999. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27066.

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This thesis is an inquiry into the 'process of knowledge construction' in three research domains. These domains are the research into endothelin (a potent vasoconstrictive peptide identified in 1988) in bio-medical science, Sociology of Scientific Knowledge (henceforth, SSK) and the SSK-oriented research of the 'process of knowledge construction' pursued by the Candidate PhD student. The thesis is pursued with a recognition of the self-referential character of itself, that is, reflexivity. Namely, the Candidate's research, including the writing/reading of this thesis, is itself a process of knowledge construction. This recognition is displayed in and through a series of experimental textual forms, 'New Literary Forms (henceforth, NLFs) developed in SSK. Through NLFs, the thesis aims to make itself a wrighting, which connotes "'writing', 'righting' (correcting), and 'wright-ing' (making and working)" (Ashmore 1985, 1989), of the triple parallel process of knowledge construction.
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Gliddon, Judith P. "The processing and interpretation of feedback by PhD candidates." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2007. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/312.

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This study takes a close look at the characteristics of the feedback received by PhD candidates and explores how they then interpret that feedback. Over 200 PhD candidates participated in the study by providing data over a six month period using a custom-built Internet-interfaced database. Each candidate completed a self-concept test both at the beginning and again at the end of this period. In between, they completed an 'e-diary' in which they recorded data about every feedback interaction that they experienced over the six months. From the data collected, the Researcher developed a model showing how feedback is processed and the effect that this process has on PhD candidates.
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Skotvoll, Anniken. "A Study of the Adjustment Process of International PhD Candidates." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for voksnes læring og rådgivningsvitenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-25950.

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During the adjustment process of a doctor of philosophy (PhD) education, it is understood that international PhD candidates are facing more obstacles than host nationalities, due to arriving to a new culture and without having a relational base in the appurtenant country. The research question to be addressed in this study is: How do international PhD candidates experience the adjustment process in their new research environment during the first semester? Also I will bring in the perspectives of what they expected before arrival. I have proposed a new model; "The Adjustment Process Relation Model", that includes important factors to consider during the adjustment process. The model is based on my own experiences when working at NTNU, Q2S1 and supported by the literature. Analysis on four international PhD candidates is used to show the applicability of the model. The model can be used to raise the awareness of interaction when working among international employees.
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Hardegger, Daniel. "PhD candidates at the University of Berlin and at Columbia University, New York, from 1871 to 1913." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2018. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3725/.

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This thesis describes and analyses the PhD candidates in the Humanities at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Berlin and at Columbia University, New York, from 1871 to 1913 as well as the reforms related to the PhD programs at said institutions. The thesis uses primary sources such as the theses and curriculum vitaes of the PhD candidates but also the reports of the universities, statistics released, census records of government institutions as well as newspapers and biographical collections. The goal is to compare the PhD candidates at these two universities according to their numbers, age, gender, religion, place of birth and social background. It further includes a comparison of the reforms and transformation of the two universities with a focus on those which most affected PhD candidates. Instead of focusing on the careers of PhD candidates after they acquired their degree (as in most other studies), this thesis focuses on the background and the life of PhD candidates before they received their degree from their university. By doing so, this thesis will contribute to the understanding of the development of the universities and societies in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, taking into account the debates regarding the German Sonderweg, the professionalisation of education and cross-border exchange among academics wherever possible.
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Evans, Matthew Darold. "Drug candidate discovery by high-throughput virtual screening of protein binding sites /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Farahani, Poupak. "Identification of novel candidate obesity genes in hepatic lipase knockout BSB mice /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2003. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Simpson, Louise. "Epigenetics and breast cancer : a candidate gene association study." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=225333.

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Sognstrup, Larsen Uffe. "New methods for simple and selective tritium labelling of drug candidates & synthetic studies towards crisamicin A /." Cph. : Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The Danish University of Pharmaceutical Sciences : Department of Isotope Chemistry, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2005. http://www.dfh.dk/phd/defences/UffeSognstrupLarsen.htm.

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Mehrotra, Pankaj. "Immunological and morphological characterization of Candida albicans and Candida haemulonii." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=210107.

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During the infection process Candida albicans has to respond to various stresses imposed by host environment including oxidative and osmolarity stress generated by phagocytic cells such as macrophages and neutrophils. Exposure to caspofungin and other antifungal antibiotics also imposes stress on the C. albicans cell wall. These various stress responses are orchestrated through the activation of multiple stress pathways including the cAMP-PKA, several MAPK pathways and the Ca2+-calcineurin pathway which influence cell wall shape and composition. Such changes were predicted to influence recognition of C. albicans by innate immune cells. During my Ph.D. studies I primarily investigated the effect of the activation or inhibition of these pathways on the interaction with the innate immune cells by examining phagocytosis, the cytokine profile induced by mononuclear and polynuclear cells of the innate immune system. I found that the activation and inhibition of these pathways plays an important role in remodeling of cell wall and hence the immunological profile. Inactivation of cAMP, Calcium signaling pathway by the deletion of TPK1 and CNA1 resulted in marked reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Inactivation of MAPK pathway by deletion of HOG1 altered major pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Cytokine production was also affected by exposure of C. albicans signaling mutants to Calcofluor White, caspofungin, oxidative and osmotic inducing stresses. Cytokine stimulation was also affected by deletion of URA3, exposure of C. albicans to rifmapicin and antimycin A. These results suggest that stress signaling pathways act to regulate collateral changes in the cell wall, which in turn affects the immune reactivity. Pro and anti-inflammatory cytokine and antifungal profiles of Candida haemulonii was also found to be highly variable. Thus regulation and exposure to different microenvironments significantly modifies immunological signature of fungal cells, suggesting that responses to local stresses make the fungal cell surface a moving target for immunological surveillance.
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Matula, Katarzyna Monika. "Evaluation of chemoresistance in oesophagogastric cancers : identification of candidate novel therapeutic targets." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=201696.

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Development of resistance is the major hindrance to successful chemotherapy treatment in oesophago-gastric (OEG) cancers. Platinum based chemotherapy prolong the survival however only 20 - 30 % of patients survive 5- years since diagnosis of the disease. Therefore understanding of the mechanisms that underlie this phenomenon and identification of novel biomarkers/targets that could predict the response to the treatment and sensitize these tumours to current therapy is needed. We established a panel of human cancer cell lines of oesophagus (OE21 and OE33) and gastric cardia (AGS) resistant to oxaliplatin, cisplatin and docetaxel. To study mechanisms of drug resistance we performed gene expression profiling on resistant and parental lines and differentially expressed genes involved in sphingolipids / lysosomes metabolism have been shown as associated with drug resistance. Selected markers were validated on mRNA and protein levels among the panel of OEG cell lines and clinical specimens. Cellular levels of sphingolipid species were determined in drug sensitive and resistant lines using mass spectrometry. This study revealed a positive correlation between over-expression of sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) and increased levels of sphingosine -1-phosphate (S1P) associated with drug resistance in gastric cancer cell lines. Moreover it showed the predictive value of SPHK1 as high level of this protein correlates with poor survival of OEG cancer patients treated with cisplatin based chemotherapy, in contrast to those patients that received surgery alone. Additionally, lipidomic profiling data showed possibly distinct mechanisms of drug resistance between gastric and oesophageal tumours, indicating that mechanisms of drug resistance are likely cell type, rather than drug specific. In conclusions, this study proofs the clinical relevance of our in vitro experimental models to study mechanisms of drug resistance in OEG tumours and provides the source of novel biomarkers for targeted therapy strategies in this disease.
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Books on the topic "PhD candidate"

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English, Showalter, and Modern Language Association of America., eds. A Career guide for PhDs and PhD candidates in English and foreign languages. Modern Language Association of America, 1985.

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Medici, Marco, Valentina Modugno, and Alessandro Pracucci, eds. How to face the scientific communication today. International challenge and digital technology impact on research outputs dissemination. Firenze University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-497-8.

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Dissemination of scientific results is an important and necessary component of research activity. Nowadays research asks to be widely diffused and shared in a larger community in the effort to demonstrate its innovation and originality, so to enlarge network and obtain funds to keep working. In this context, PhD students, as part of scientific community and young researchers in training, have to understand the rule of publications to define the best strategy for the dissemination of their research. The present book, through the experiences of national and international PhD candidates, PhDs and Professors, is a contribute in the current opened debate on the most effective strategies and related tools to design specific actions, to highlight and improve the peculiar qualities and disciplines of each research.
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English, Showalter, and Modern Language Association of America., eds. The MLA guide to the job search: A handbook for departments and for PhDs and PhD candidates in English and foreign languages. Modern Language Association of America, 1996.

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Bosi, Filippo, Paolina Ferrulli, and Elisabetta Fossi, eds. Looking to methods and tools for the Research in Design and Architectural Technology. Firenze University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-848-4.

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The volume presents the research experience of young researchers and PhD candidates, dealing with the Italian scientific area 08-C1 (Design and Technology of Architecture), with a discussion about scientific issues and methodologies applied. The aim is to express the methodological and investigation features of the issues faced by the researchers, along with the effectiveness of their researches design, giving the reader an immediate overview of the 08-C1 doctoral experience. Beside young researchers statements as witnesses of this research path, the volume collects professors critical contribution, to enrich the comprehensive picture of the progression and methodologies of the doctoral researches presented.
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Aiden C. Cohan, PhD Candidate at Illinois Institute of Technology. Blurb, 2016.

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Art, Bfda. Yes, I Am Still Working on My Dissertation: Funny Phd Candidate Idea with Funny Saying on Cover, Coworkers. Independently Published, 2022.

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The Crisis for Civil Liberties and Human Rights in an Era of Permanent Emergency, by Gyan Basnet, LL.Ms, PhD Candidate. A.B Secretarial and Printers (P) Ltd.,, 2008.

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Publishing, Frank H. Phd Candidate Survivor- Notizbuch 120 Seiten 15x22cm Liniert: Perfekt Für Notizen, Tagebuch, Tagesplaner und Todo Listen Für Arbeit, Studium Oder Schule. Independently Published, 2021.

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Publishing, Frank H. Phd Candidate Survivor -- Notizbuch 120 Seiten 15x22cm Liniert: Perfekt Für Notizen, Tagebuch, Tagesplaner und Todo Listen Für Arbeit, Studium Oder Schule. Independently Published, 2021.

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How to Candidacy: Detailed Guide to Pass the PhD Candidacy Exam. Independently Published, 2021.

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Book chapters on the topic "PhD candidate"

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Collins, Michael. "Wilderness Group Tour." In How We Write. punctum books, 2015. https://doi.org/10.21983/p3.0110.1.05.

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I am a senior PhD candidate in the University of Toronto’s English Department. My most important job, the reason I am here, is to write a dissertation. Yet, like a great majority of my peers, I have struggled with accomplishing this task in a timely fashion. I have struggled to complete this task in a way that doesn’t feel isolating and poisonous to my mental health. Con-ventional wisdom, at least around these parts, is that candidates like myself (that is to say, typical PhD candidates) should join peer-organized writing groups, sometimes conceptualized as “accountability” groups. We are lost in the deep wilderness, with faulty out-of-date maps and an inconsistent, half-broken radio. We imagine we are banding together for reasons of survival, to help each other find a way out of the mess we’re jointly in. Yet it rarely works out that way.
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Checchi, Daniele, and Tindaro Cicero. "Is Entering Italian Academia Getting Harder?" In Teaching, Research and Academic Careers. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07438-7_5.

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AbstractWhile a PhD degree is often considered the first necessary step to an academic career, since 2010 only a small fraction (less than 10%) of doctoral graduates obtained a position in academia within six years of the award of their degree. While we do not have information on their labour market outcomes, we can examine the determinants of this transition in order to study whether entry to an academic job is becoming more difficult. We merge three national administrative data archives covering completed doctoral degrees, postdoc collaborations and new hirings to academia (mostly assistant professor level). We find a decline in appointment probability after 2010, due to the hiring freeze imposed by fiscal austerity. We find, also, that a PhD degree and postdoc experience have a positive effect on the probability of obtaining a position in academia, while being a woman or being a foreign-born candidate has a negative effect. We found no evidence of career disadvantages for candidates from Southern universities.
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Spelic, Sherri. "2. Counters to despair." In Higher Education for Good. Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0363.02.

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Where does one find the words and power to resist the tug towards despair in higher education? This collection of poems asks readers to look for the counters that stand between our engagement with higher ed and the futures most dreaded. From an exploration of what it might look like if hope came to stay on campus to an interview with a PhD candidate to revisiting a dream - these texts invite readers to consider words and action which might be chosen to acknowledge despairwithout falling prey to its spell.
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Oropilla, Czarecah Tuppil. "Researching Intergenerational Engagements and Programmes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Methodological Reflexivity on Research Pivots." In Cultural-historical Digital Methodology in Early Childhood Settings. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59785-5_18.

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AbstractThis chapter explores methodological reflexivity in studying intergenerational engagements and programs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Societal regulations, aimed at reducing infection risks, have inevitably impacted interactions between young children and older adults within families, communities, and early childhood education and care settings. The pandemic is thus framed as a crisis that posed challenges, leading to adaptations, transitions, and transformations for the researcher, who, at the time of writing, was a PhD candidate. These methodological shifts are viewed as ‘pivots,’ opening new research opportunities and fostering the researcher’s growth. Drawing from personal experiences, the implications of using digital platforms in research are discussed. The focus is on the researcher’s reflexivity and positionality, emphasizing the need for creative and innovative research approaches to navigate through the crisis.
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O’Regan, Maeve. "Networked in or Networked Out? What Can We Learn from Diverse Learners’ Experiences of Progressing with and Completing Doctoral Studies?" In European Higher Education Area: Challenges for a New Decade. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56316-5_17.

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Abstract Socialisation of the doctoral candidate into a community of researchers has been identified as an important aspect of the doctoral process and key to the production of original and innovative research. Yet, access to research communities and learning networks can be difficult for non-traditional students, for example part-time, international and non-science-based doctoral candidates, compared to their full-time and science-based peers. Drawing on Actor-Network Theory and Psychosocial theories of Agency, the current Ph.D. research proposes a methodology (questionnaire and interview) to explore doctoral candidates’ experiences of interacting with the academic institution (face-to-face and online) and developing support networks as influencing doctoral progression and completion. This article will discuss the preliminary findings from the study, drawing on the experiences of a diverse body of participants (e.g. full-time, part-time and international students) within the university sector in Ireland. The findings from this study can provide insights to policymakers and practitioners on supporting learners within Higher Education in Europe, not just within the doctoral process, but at different stages within the Bologna Qualifications Framework.
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Marrington, Jessica Z., and Evita March. "Strategies for Ph.D. Completion: A Critical Reflection by Completed Ph.D. Candidates." In Traversing the Doctorate. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23731-8_20.

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Lau, Ricky Wai Kiu. "You Are Not Your PhD: Managing Stress During Doctoral Candidature." In Wellbeing in Doctoral Education. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9302-0_6.

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Trippas, Johanne R., and David Maxwell. "PhD Candidacy: A Tutorial on Overcoming Challenges and Achieving Success." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56069-9_45.

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Nicolaou, Anna, Maria Victoria Soule, Androulla Athanasiou, et al. "Doctoral Education in Technology-Enhanced Learning: The Perspective of PhD Candidates and Researchers." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34411-4_23.

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Nguyen, Linh Thi Cam. "When Questions Answer Themselves: Proactive Reflection and Critical Eclecticism in PhD Candidature." In Wellbeing in Doctoral Education. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9302-0_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "PhD candidate"

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Whitten, Mary, Rubiela Vinje, Jerome Curran, Barry Meneghelli, and Luz Marina-Calle. "Evaluation of Coatings for Flex Hoses at the Space Shuttle Launch Pad." In CORROSION 2009. NACE International, 2009. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2009-09493.

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Abstract An aluminum impregnated nitrile rubber matrix referred to as AR-7 is a coating that has been used to protect stainless steel flex hoses at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center launch complex and hydraulic lines of the mobile launch platform (MLP). This coating has great corrosion control performance and low temperature application. AR-7 was developed by NASA and produced exclusively for NASA but its production has been discontinued due to its high content of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and significant environmental impact. The purpose of this project was to select and evaluate candidate coatings to find a replacement coating that is more environmentally friendly, with similar properties to AR-7. No coatings were identified that perform the same as AR-7 in all areas. Candidate coatings failed in comparison to AR-7 in salt fog, beachside atmospheric exposure, pencil hardness, Mandrel bend, chemical compatibility, adhesion, and ease of application tests. However, two coatings were selected for further evaluation.
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Pearce Churchill, Meryl, Daniel Lindsay, Diana H Mendez, Melissa Crowe, Nicholas Emtage, and Rhondda Jones. "Does Publishing During the Doctorate Influence Completion Time? A Quantitative Study of Doctoral Candidates in Australia." In InSITE 2022: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences. Informing Science Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4912.

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Aim/Purpose This paper investigates the association between publishing during doctoral candidature and completion time. The effects of discipline and of gaining additional support through a doctoral cohort program are also explored. Background Candidates recognize the value of building a publication track record to improve their career prospects yet are cognizant of the time it takes to publish peer-reviewed articles. In some institutions or disciplines, there is a policy or the expectation that doctoral students will publish during their candidature. How-ever, doctoral candidates are also under increasing pressure to complete their studies within a designated timeframe. Thus, some candidates and faculty perceive the two requirements – to publish and to complete on time – as mutually exclusive. Furthermore, where candidates have a choice in the format that the PhD submission will take, be it by monograph, PhD-by-publication, or a hybrid thesis, there is little empirical evidence available to guide the decision. This pa-per provides a quantitative analysis of the association between publishing during candidature and time-to-degree and investigates other variables associated with doctoral candidate research productivity and efficiency. Methodology Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the predictors (discipline [field of research], gender, age group, domestic or international student status, and belonging to a cohort program) of doctoral candidate research productivity and efficacy. Research productivity was quantified by the number of peer-reviewed journal articles that a candidate published as a primary author during and up to 24 months after thesis submission. Efficacy (time-to-degree) was quantified by the number of Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) years of candidature. Data on 1,143 doctoral graduates were obtained from a single Australian university for the period extending from 2000 to 2020. Complete publication data were available on 707 graduates, and time-to-degree data on 664 graduates. Data were drawn from eight fields of research, which were grouped into the disciplines of health, biological sciences, agricultural and environmental sciences, and chemical, earth, and physical sciences. Contribution This paper addresses a gap in empirical literature by providing evidence of the association between publishing during doctoral candidature and time-to-degree in the disciplines of health, biological sciences, agricultural and environmental sciences, and chemical, earth, and physical sciences. The paper also adds to the body of evidence that demonstrates the value of belonging to a cohort pro-gram for doctoral student outcomes. Findings There is a significant association between the number of articles published and median time-to-degree. Graduates with the highest research productivity (four or more articles) exhibited the shortest time-to-degree. There was also a significant association between discipline and the number of publications published during candidature. Gaining additional peer and research-focused support and training through a cohort program was also associated with higher research productivity and efficiency compared to candidates in the same discipline but not in receipt of the additional support. Recommendations for Practitioners While the encouragement of candidates to both publish and complete within the recommended doctorate timeframe is recommended, even within disciplines characterized by high levels of research productivity, i.e., where publishing during candidature is the “norm,” the desired levels of student research productivity and efficiency are only likely to be achieved where candidates are provided with consistent writing and publication-focused training, together with peer or mentor support. Recommendations for Researchers Publishing peer-reviewed articles during doctoral candidature is shown not to adversely affect candidates’ completion time. Researchers should seek writing and publication-focused support to enhance their research productivity and efficiency. Impact on Society Researchers have an obligation to disseminate their findings for the benefit of society, industry, or practice. Thus, doctoral candidates need to be encouraged and supported to publish as they progress through their candidature. Future Research The quantitative findings need to be followed up with a mixed-methods study aimed at identifying which elements of publication and research-focused sup-port are most effective in raising doctoral candidate productivity and efficacy.
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Petrychko, Mykola, and Serhiy Shtovba. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF REVIEWER ASSIGNMENT ALGORITHMS FOR PHD-THESES COMMITTEES." In 17th IC Measurement and Control in Complex Systems. VNTU, 2024. https://doi.org/10.31649/mccs2024.5-11.

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In Ukraine, PhD theses are defended in one-time committees, which are formed manually. This can take a lot of time, and at the same time, the expertise of the selected members can be questionable, not to mention the corruption risks. Therefore, the automation of the process of assigning committees is important. In this work, a comparative analysis of algorithms for assigning reviewers based on assignment quality criteria and resource costs for finding members of the one-time committee is carried out. The subject of a thesis and the subject of the articles of potential committee members are represented by categorical distributions over research specialties from the ANZSRC-2020 research classification system. As a similarity criterion, improved Chekanovsky metric is used, which additionally takes into account the kinship of different research specialties using Jaccard index. The comparison of the efficiency of the algorithms for the assignment of committees is carried out experimentally on a dataset of 67 PhD theses. The NAQA information system was used to create the dataset. Experiments were conducted for the following optimization algorithms: brute force; brute force on a truncated set of candidates (only candidates with a certain minimum level of similarity are considered); greedy algorithm; greedy algorithm with elitism; isolated assignment (the most similar candidates are considered optimal). Thanks to optimization, it was possible to improve the composition of onetime committees by an average of 13-34%, depending on the algorithm used. This improvement occurred with a small candidate pool. An increase in the number of candidates will lead to a greater effect of applying the proposed algorithms for assigning opponents. As a result of the experiments, it was established that a good balance between the quality of assignment and resource consumption is achieved by a greedy algorithm without elitism and a brute force on a truncated set of candidates. At the same time, according to any algorithm, the newly created one-time committees are not worse, but usually better, than the one-time committees offered by the institution
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Fahy, Paul, Michael Walsh, Francis Loth, Florentina Ene, Patrick Delassus, and Liam Morris. "CFD Challenge: Experimental Benchmarking Data for the Pressure Drop Across a Cerebral Aneurysm Model." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80442.

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Since 2006, the GMedTech biomedical research centre in the Galway Mayo Institute of Technology (GMIT) in the west of Ireland has developed capabilities for generating physiological type flow conditions through realistic vascular models based on medical images. The GMedTech centre has designed and developed a number of fully controlled and instrumented synchronised experimental test systems for testing in the abdominal aorta, coronary, venous and intracranial vessels with and without associated disease types. The experimental testing was performed by PhD candidate Paul Fahy and his supervisors Dr. Liam Morris and Dr. Patrick Delassus.
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Rodrigues, Jose Coelho, Ana Freitas, Paulo Garcia, Catarina Maia, and Marie Pierre-Favre. "Transversal and transferable skills training for engineering PhD/doctoral candidates." In 2018 3rd International Conference of the Portuguese Society for Engineering Education (CISPEE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cispee.2018.8593472.

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Namin, A. H., and M. A. Hasan. "Implementation of the compression function for selected SHA-3 candidates on FPGA." In Distributed Processing, Workshops and Phd Forum (IPDPSW). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipdpsw.2010.5470742.

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Dai, L., Q. Gao, Y. Zhagn, Y. Zhang, A. H. Zhang, and L. Qi. "Multiband polarization-insensitive tunable absorber based on Weyl semimetals." In IET Ph.D Candidates Academic Seminar (China) on Vacuum Electronics (PhASe-VE 2021). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/icp.2022.0996.

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Ren, J., G. Shu, J. He, J. Liao, and W. He. "Preliminarily design of a sub-terahertz high-order mode double-staggered grating waveguide for multiple-sheet electron beam traveling wave tubes." In IET Ph.D Candidates Academic Seminar (China) on Vacuum Electronics (PhASe-VE 2021). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/icp.2022.0991.

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Li, F. H., C. H. Du, Z. W. Zhang, S. Q. Li, Z. C. Gao, and P. K. Liu. "Development of a high-harmonics gyrotron based on large-orbit gun." In IET Ph.D Candidates Academic Seminar (China) on Vacuum Electronics (PhASe-VE 2021). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/icp.2022.0994.

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Zhang, Z. W., C. H. Du, F. H. Li, Z. C. Gao, J. F. Zhu, and P. K. Liu. "Folding-Brillouin-zone-induced coherent vortex Smith-Purcell radiation." In IET Ph.D Candidates Academic Seminar (China) on Vacuum Electronics (PhASe-VE 2021). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/icp.2022.0992.

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Reports on the topic "PhD candidate"

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Guidotti, Andrea. Democracy in Thailand: Navigating Populism and Authoritarianism. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/rp0047.

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This report provides an overview of the seventh event in ECPS’s monthly Mapping Global Populism panel series, titled "Democracy in Thailand: Navigating Populism and Authoritarianism," held online on November 30, 2023. Moderated by Dr. Michael Montesano, Associate Senior Fellow at the Thailand Studies Programme, Yusof Ishak Institute – ISEAS, the panel featured speakers Dr. Petra Alderman, Post-Doctoral Research Fellow at the University of Birmingham and Research Fellow of CEDAR, Itsakul Unahakate, PhD candidate at the University of Sydney and Lecturer at Thammasat University, and Pattanun Arunpreechawat from NUS Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy.
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Guidotti, Andrea. Report on "Mapping European Populism – Panel 8: Populism, Gender and Sexuality in Europe". European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/rp0050.

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This report provides a brief overview of the eighth event in ECPS’s monthly Mapping European Populism (MEP) panel series, titled "Populism, Gender and Sexuality in Europe" held online on January 26, 2023. Moderated by Dr.Agnieszka Graff, Professor at the American Studies Center, University of Warsaw, and a feminist activist, the panel featured speakers Dr. Elżbieta Korolczuk, Associate Professor in Sociology at Södertörn University, Sweden, Dr. Eric Louis Russell, Professor in the Department of French & Italian and affiliated with the Program in Gender, Sexuality and Women’s Studies at the University of California, Davis, Nik Linders, PhD candidate at Radboud Social and Cultural Research for Gender & Diversity Studies, Dr. Pauline Cullen, Associate Professor in sociology at Center for European and Eurasian Studies, Maynooth University, Ireland.
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Hirtle, Beverly, and Anna Kovner. Demographic Differences in Letters of Recommendation for Economics Ph.D. Students. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59576/sr.1129.

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We analyze 6,400 letters of recommendation for more than 2,200 economics and finance Ph.D. graduates from 2018 to 2021. Letter text varies significantly by field of interest, with significantly less positive and shorter letters for Macroeconomics and Finance candidates. Letters for female and Black or Hispanic job candidates are weaker in some dimensions, while letters for Asian candidates are notably less positive overall. We introduce a new measure of letter quality capturing candidates that are recommended to “top” departments. Female, Asian, and Black or Hispanic candidates are all less likely to be recommended to top academic departments, even after controlling for other letter characteristics. Finally, we examine early career outcomes and find that letter characteristics, especially a “top” recommendation have meaningful effects on initial job placements and journal publications.
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Ozias-Akins, P., and R. Hovav. molecular dissection of the crop maturation trait in peanut. United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2020.8134157.bard.

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Crop maturation is one of the most recognized characteristics of peanut, and it is crucial for adaptability and yield. However, not much is known regarding its genetic and molecular control. The goals of this project were to study the molecular-genetic components that control crop maturation in peanut and identify candidate genes. Crop maturation was studied directly by phenotyping the maturity level or through other component traits such as flowering pattern and branching habit. Six different RIL populations (HH, RR, CC, FNC, TGT and FLIC) were used for the genetic analysis. In total, 14 QTLs were found for maturity level. The phenotypic explanation values ranged in 5.3%-18.6%. Common QTL were found between maturity level and harvest index (in RR and CC populations), branching habit (in HH population), flowering pattern/branching rate (in CC and TGT populations) and pod size (in CC population). Further investigations were done to define genes that control maturity level and the component traits. A map-based cloning approach was used to identify a major candidate gene for branching habit - a novel AhMADS-box gene (AhMADS). AhMADS was mainly expressed in the lateral shoot, the organ in which the difference between branching habit occurs. Sequence alignment analysis found SNPs in AhMADS that cause to exon/intron splicing alterations. Overexpression study of AhMADs-box in tobacco under 35S control revealed one line with a spreading-like lateral shoot indicating that AhMADS may be the causing effect of BH and therefore indirectly controls maturity level. In addition, several candidate genes were defined that may control flowering pattern. An RNA expression study was performed on two parental lines, Tifrunner and GT-C20, identifying four candidate genes in the flowering regulatory pathway that were down-regulated at the mainstem (non-flowering) compared to the first (flowering) shoot, indicating their influence on flowering pattern. Also, another candidate gene was identified, Terminal Flowering 1-like (AhTFL1), which was located within a small segment in chromosome B02. A 1492 bp deletion was found in AhTFL1 that completely co-segregates with the flowering pattern phenotype in the CC population and two independent EMS-mutagenized M2 families. AhTFL1 was significantly less expressed in flowering than non-flowering branches. Finally, a field trial showed that an EMS line (B78) mutagenized in AhTFL1 is ~18% days earlier than the control (Hanoch). In conclusion, our study revealed new insights into the molecular basis for the fundamentally important crop maturity trait in peanut. The results generated new information and materials that will promote informed targeting of peanut idiotypes by indirect selection and genomic breeding approaches.
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Levy, Avraham, Clifford Weil, and Wojtek Pawlowski. Enhancing the Rate of Meiotic Crossing-Over for Plant Breeding. United States Department of Agriculture, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7696532.bard.

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Meiotic recombination contributes to the generation of biodiversity as well as to genome stability, ensuring the proper segregation of homo logs during meiosis. It is also an essential step in the process of plant breeding. It generates the diversity needed by the breeder for selection of novel varieties. In this project, we have collaborated towards the goals to identify and characterize key genes involved in meiotic recombination. In addition we have shown how some of these genes can be used, through loss of function, or through overexpression, to enhance homologous recombination in Arabidopsis and in maize. Our main achievements can be summarized as follows: 1- To establish a collection of mutants, in Arabidopsis and in maize for candidate genes. In Arabidopsis, insertion mutants were isolated in the following genes: AtMSHI, AtMSH4, AtMSH5, AtMLH3, AtPHSl, and mutants in the Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 complex. In maize, the TILLING system was established and enabled to isolate mutants in candidate genes, such as Rad2l-4a, Sgo2, and Aml. In addition, we generated phs 1 mutant alleles as well as mutants in the Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 complex. No mus8l mutants have been found thus far. 2- We showed that mutants in AtMLH3 have decreased rates of crossover, suggesting that overexpression of these genes may enhance crossover. Mutants in AtMSHlhad no effect and mutants in AtMSH4 and 5 showed sterility. Overexpression of these genes might also enhance crossover. The effect of other mutations on crossovers in maize is still being investigated. 3- We showed that overexpression of AtMLH1, RecG and RuvC under a meioticspecific promoter enhances meiotic crossover in Arabidopsis. The effect of PHSloverexpression on crossover is expected to be determined soon. 4- New tools have been developed and perfected to study the recombination genes effect on meiotic crossovers. This includes antibodies, cDNAs and fusion proteins.
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Hovav, Ran, Peggy Ozias-Akins, and Scott A. Jackson. The genetics of pod-filling in peanut under water-limiting conditions. United States Department of Agriculture, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597923.bard.

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Pod-filling, an important yield-determining stage is strongly influenced by water stress. This is particularly true for peanut (Arachishypogaea), wherein pods are developed underground and are directly affected by the water condition. Pod-filling in peanut has a significant genetic component as well, since genotypes are considerably varied in their pod-fill (PF) and seed-fill (SF) potential. The goals of this research were to: Examine the effects of genotype, irrigation, and genotype X irrigation on PF and SF. Detect global changes in mRNA and metabolites levels that accompany PF and SF. Explore the response of the duplicate peanut pod transcriptome to drought stress. Study how entire duplicated PF regulatory processes are networked within a polyploid organism. Discover locus-specific SNP markers and map pod quality traits under different environments. The research included genotypes and segregating populations from Israel and US that are varied in PF, SF and their tolerance to water deficit. Initially, an extensive field trial was conducted to investigate the effects of genotype, irrigation, and genotype X irrigation on PF and SF. Significant irrigation and genotypic effect was observed for the two main PF related traits, "seed ratio" and "dead-end ratio", demonstrating that reduction in irrigation directly influences the developing pods as a result of low water potential. Although the Irrigation × Genotype interaction was not statistically significant, one genotype (line 53) was found to be more sensitive to low irrigation treatments. Two RNAseq studies were simultaneously conducted in IL and the USA to characterize expression changes that accompany shell ("source") and seed ("sink") biogenesis in peanut. Both studies showed that SF and PF processes are very dynamic and undergo very rapid change in the accumulation of RNA, nutrients, and oil. Some genotypes differ in transcript accumulation rates, which can explain their difference in SF and PF potential; like cvHanoch that was found to be more enriched than line 53 in processes involving the generation of metabolites and energy at the beginning of seed development. Interestingly, an opposite situation was found in pericarp development, wherein rapid cell wall maturation processes were up-regulated in line 53. Although no significant effect was found for the irrigation level on seed transcriptome in general, and particularly on subgenomic assignment (that was found almost comparable to a 1:1 for A- and B- subgenomes), more specific homoeologous expression changes associated with particular biosynthesis pathways were found. For example, some significant A- and B- biases were observed in particular parts of the oil related gene expression network and several candidate genes with potential influence on oil content and SF were further examined. Substation achievement of the current program was the development and application of new SNP detection and mapping methods for peanut. Two major efforts on this direction were performed. In IL, a GBS approach was developed to map pod quality traits on Hanoch X 53 F2/F3 generations. Although the GBS approach was found to be less effective for our genetic system, it still succeeded to find significant mapping locations for several traits like testa color (linkage A10), number of seeds/pods (A5) and pod wart resistance (B7). In the USA, a SNP array was developed and applied for peanut, which is based on whole genome re-sequencing of 20 genotypes. This chip was used to map pod quality related traits in a Tifrunner x NC3033 RIL population. It was phenotyped for three years, including a new x-ray method to phenotype seed-fill and seed density. The total map size was 1229.7 cM with 1320 markers assigned. Based on this linkage map, 21 QTLs were identified for the traits 16/64 weight, kernel percentage, seed and pod weight, double pod and pod area. Collectively, this research serves as the first fundamental effort in peanut for understanding the PF and SF components, as a whole, and as influenced by the irrigation level. Results of the proposed study will also generate information and materials that will benefit peanut breeding by facilitating selection for reduced linkage drag during introgression of disease resistance traits into elite cultivars. BARD Report - Project4540 Page 2 of 10
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ธนาศุภวัฒน์, สมบูรณ์, กิตติศักดิ์ ลิขิตวิทยาวุฒิ та นิจศิริ เรืองรังษี. การศึกษาเปรียบเทียบการผลิตสารปฏิชีวนะ โดยเชื้อMicromonospora และเชื้อสกุลอื่นที่เกี่ยวข้อง. จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 1989. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.1989.8.

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ได้ศึกษาคัดเลือกและตรวจสอบเอกลักษณ์เชื้อ actinomycetes ที่สามารถผลิตสารปฏิชีวนะ เชื้อที่แยกได้ส่วนหใญ่สามารถผลิตสารที่ยับยั้งการเจริญของเชื้อ Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 และ Bacillus aubtilis ATCC 6633, และมีบางไอโซเลต สามารถยับยั้งการเจริญของเชื้อ Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 607 และ Candida albicans IFO 0583. เชื้อทุกไอโซเลตไม่แสดงฤทธิ์การยับยั้ง Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 10490, Aeromonas hydrophila JCM 2359, Aeromonas sobria JCM 2365, Serratia marcescens IAM 73060 และ Escherichia coli NIHJ JC-2 พบว่าเชื้อทั้งหมด 47 ไอโซเลตเป็น Micromonospora sp. 20 ไอโซเลต, Streptomyces sp. 15 ไอโซเลต, Streptoverticillium sp. 1 ไอโซเลต Actinoplanes sp. 3 ไอโซเลต Nocardia sp. 3 ไอโซเลต และ unidentified group 5 ไอโซเลต การตรวจสอบลักษณะสปอร์ของเชื้อที่คัดเลือกมา คือ Micromonospora sp. A6-2 และ A25 รวมทั้ง Streptomyces sp. SP5-1 ทำโดยใช้ elecrtron microscope scanning ยกเว้นเชื้อ Streptoverticillium sp. A5-1 ศึกษาเปรียบเทียบสภาะเหมาะสมของการเจริญในอาหารแตกต่างกัน (PY,SS,FS,SG), pH6-8, บ่มไว้ที่ 28-35 องศาเซลเซียส นาน 3-7 วัน ตรวจสอบกลุ่มสารปฏิชีวนะที่เชื้อผลิตขึ้นด้วย thin-layer chromatography โดยใช้ silica gel G/CHCl[subscript 3] : EtOH, 6:4 ผลสามารถตรวจพบสารปฏิชีวนะได้อย่างชัดเจนใน fermentation broth ของเชื้อ A25 และ SP5-1
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Droby, Samir, Michael Wisniewski, Ron Porat, and Dumitru Macarisin. Role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Tritrophic Interactions in Postharvest Biocontrol Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7594390.bard.

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To elucidate the role of ROS in the tri-trophic interactions in postharvest biocontrol systems a detailed molecular and biochemical investigation was undertaken. The application of the yeast biocontrol agent Metschnikowia fructicola, microarray analysis was performed on grapefruit surface wounds using an Affymetrix Citrus GeneChip. the data indicated that 1007 putative unigenes showed significant expression changes following wounding and yeast application relative to wounded controls. The expression of the genes encoding Respiratory burst oxidase (Rbo), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK), G-proteins, chitinase (CHI), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS) and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL). In contrast, three genes, peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), were down-regulated in grapefruit peel tissue treated with yeast cells. The yeast antagonists, Metschnikowia fructicola (strain 277) and Candida oleophila (strain 182) generate relatively high levels of super oxide anion (O2−) following its interaction with wounded fruit surface. Using laser scanning confocal microscopy we observed that the application of M. fructicola and C. oleophila into citrus and apple fruit wounds correlated with an increase in H2O2 accumulation in host tissue. The present data, together with our earlier discovery of the importance of H₂O₂ production in the defense response of citrus flavedo to postharvest pathogens, indicate that the yeast-induced oxidative response in fruit exocarp may be associated with the ability of specific yeast species to serve as biocontrol agents for the management of postharvest diseases. Effect of ROS on yeast cells was also studied. Pretreatment of the yeast, Candida oleophila, with 5 mM H₂O₂ for 30 min (sublethal) increased yeast tolerance to subsequent lethal levels of oxidative stress (50 mM H₂O₂), high temperature (40 °C), and low pH (pH 4). Suppression subtractive hybridization analysis was used to identify genes expressed in yeast in response to sublethal oxidative stress. Transcript levels were confirmed using semi quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Seven antioxidant genes were up regulated. Pretreatment of the yeast antagonist Candida oleophila with glycine betaine (GB) increases oxidative stress tolerance in the microenvironment of apple wounds. ROS production is greater when yeast antagonists used as biocontrol agents are applied in the wounds. Compared to untreated control yeast cells, GB-treated cells recovered from the oxidative stress environment of apple wounds exhibited less accumulation of ROS and lower levels of oxidative damage to cellular proteins and lipids. Additionally, GB-treated yeast exhibited greater biocontrol activity against Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea, and faster growth in wounds of apple fruits compared to untreated yeast. The expression of major antioxidant genes, including peroxisomal catalase, peroxiredoxin TSA1, and glutathione peroxidase was elevated in the yeast by GB treatment. A mild heat shock (HS) pretreatment (30 min at 40 1C) improved the tolerance of M. fructicola to subsequent high temperature (45 1C, 20–30 min) and oxidative stress (0.4 mol-¹) hydrogen peroxide, 20–60 min). HS-treated yeast cells showed less accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than non-treated cells in response to both stresses. Additionally, HS-treated yeast exhibited significantly greater (P≥0.0001) biocontrol activity against Penicillium expansum and a significantly faster (Po0.0001) growth rate in wounds of apple fruits stored at 25 1C compared with the performance of untreated yeast cells. Transcription of a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene (TPS1) was up regulated in response to HS and trehalose content also increased.
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9

ธนียวัน, จิราภรณ์, та ปราโมทย์ ธรรมรัตน์. การคัดเลือกสายพันธุ์คิลเลอร์ยีสต์ที่มีศักยภาพสูง สำหรับการหมักแอลกอฮอล์จากมันสำปะหลัง : รายงานผลการวิจัย. จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 1990. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.1990.19.

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ทำการทดลองแยกยีสต์จากแหล่งต่างๆ จากตัวอย่างทั้งหมด 183 ตัวอย่าง พบว่ามีสายพันธุ์ยีสต์ที่มีความสามารถในการฆ่าได้ดี 36 สายพันธุ์ กลุ่มของยีสต์ที่จัดแยกตามความกว้างของโซนใส พบว่าสายพันธุ์ที่ให้ความกว้างสูงสุดได้แก่ T1, N2, G2.1 และ 5/19 กลุ่มของยีสต์ที่มีความสามารถในการฆ่ายีสต์ที่ใช้ทดสอบสายพันธุ์อื่นๆ ได้ 9-17 ชนิด ได้แก่ T1, N1, N2, N12, 5/19 และ 5/24 ที่ฆ่าได้ 4-8 ชนิด ได้แก่ G2.1, N3, N5, N6, N11, 5/22, 5/34 และ 5/39 จากการทดสอบคุณสมบัติทางสรีรวิทยาและสัณฐานวิทยาของเชื้อยีสต์สามารถจำแนกออกได้เป็น 5 สกุล คือ Hansenuls sp, Kloeckera sp, Trichosporon sp, Torulopsis sp และ Candida sp ได้นำยีสต์ที่ได้ทดสอบแล้วว่ามีความสามารถในการฆ่าเชื้อสูง และฆ่าเชื้ออื่นได้กว้างขวาง มาทดสอบต่อ 5 สายพันธุ์คือ T1 Hansenula sp), G2.1 (Kloeckera sp), N2, N12 (Hansenula sp) และ 5/19 (Trichosporon sp) จากการทดสอบการฆ่าเชื้อยีสต์สายพันธุ์ Torulopsis glabrata ที่ pH 4.525 องศาเซลเซียส ได้ผลความกว้างของโซนใสดังนี้ T1 0.830.5 ซม., G2.1 0.530.3 ซม., N2 0.5-0.3 ซม., N12 0.3-0.1 ซม., 5/19 0.8-0.5 ซม. และพบว่าเชื้อทดสอบมีค่า optimum pH ที่ 6-3.5 optinum temperature 25 องศาเซลเซียส-35 องศาเซลเซียส temperature stability แตกต่างกันในแต่ละสายพันธุ์ เช่น 5/19 จะมี stability ที่ 40 องศาเซลเซียส นานกว่า 180 นาที และที่ 45 องศาเซลเซียส 60 นาที ส่วน G2.1 และ N2 stability ที่ 40 องศาเซลเซียส 30 นาที และที่ 45 องศาเซลเซียส 5 นาที ทำนองเดียวกัน pH stability ของสายพันธุ์ 5/19 จะอยู่ในช่วง pH 2-10 ส่วนที่ T1 และ N2 ที่ pH 2-8 และ G2.1 ที่ pH 2.5-7 นอกจากนี้ยังพบว่าสายพันธุ์ 5/19 ประกอบด้วย L และ M ds RNA ส่วนสายพันธุ์ T1, G2.1, N2 และ N12 พบเพียง L-ds RNA จากการทดลองผสม สายพันธุ์คิลเลอร์ (T1) และสายพันธุ์ยีสต์ที่หมักให้แอลกอฮอล์ได้ดี (M30) โดยวิธีโปรโตพลาสฟิวชั่น สามารถคัดเลือดโคโลนีที่ให้โซนใสบน Galactose blue medium 91 สายพันธุ์ และเมื่อนำไปทดสอบการหมักน้ำตาล sucrose 12% และ Galactose 12% สามารถคัดเลือกสายพันธุ์ที่หมักได้ดี 70 สายพันธุ์ และเมื่อนำเชื้อเหล่านี้ไปทดสอบการหมักแอลกอฮอล์จากน้ำตาล sucrose 20% พบว่ามีสายพันธุ์ที่หมักแล้ววัดได้ % Brix ลดต่ำลงมากกว่าสายพันธุ์ T1 คือ สายพันธุ์ 105, 108 และ 109 และเมื่อนำไปวัดหาปริมาณของ แอลกอฮอล์ โดยใช้ GC จะได้ผลแตกต่างกันดังนี้ M30 = 10.45%, T1 = 6.27%, 105 = 7.66%, 108 = 8.34% และ 109 = 7.71% ตามลำดับ
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10

Bottura, Beatrice. Theocracy, Radicalism and Islamist/Secular Populism in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/rp0089.

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The 15th session of the European Center for Populism Studies’ (ECPS) “Mapping Global Populism” panel series, aimed at creating a comprehensive understanding of populism worldwide, was held online on September 26, 2024. Titled “Theocracy, Radicalism, and Islamist/Secular Populism in Iran, Afghanistan & Tajikistan,” the session featured insights from distinguished scholars on various manifestations of authoritarianism, extremism, and populism in these countries. This report provides an overview of the topics analyzed, with detailed accounts of each speaker’s contributions. The panel was moderated by Dr. Simon P Watmough, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Leipzig and a non-resident research fellow in ECPS’ research program on authoritarianism. Dr. Hélène Thibault, Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science at Nazarbayev University, illustrated the authoritarian nature of Tajikistan’s anti-extremism policies. Dr. Zakia Adeli, former Deputy Minister of Justice of Afghanistan and a professor at Kabul University (2018–2021), explored the Taliban regime’s government structure and impositions in Afghanistan. Dr. Zahoor Ahmad Wani, Assistant Professor in Political Science at Lovely Professional University, focused his presentation on gender issues under Taliban rule. Finally, Amir Hossein Mahdavi, a Ph.D. candidate at the University of Connecticut, discussed the potential rise of populist actors in Iran. Originally, Dr. Kathleen Collins, a Professor in the Department of Political Science and a faculty affiliate in Islamic Studies at the University of Minnesota, was scheduled to present on “Radical Islamism vs. Extremist Secular State in Tajikistan.” However, due to her absence, Dr. Thibault covered several key aspects of her colleague’s presentation during the session.
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