Academic literature on the topic 'PhD recipients'

Directory of Minority Ph.d and Mfa: Candidates and Recipients 1993. Committee on, 1993.

Veasey, Jess Flautt. The Ed.D. and Ph.D. degree in higher education: An assessment of twenty years of Washington State University recipients and employment patterns. 1991.

Perceptions and professional performances of recipients of Ph.D. degrees in physical education, the University of Iowa: Pre-specialization era (1954-66) versus post-specialization era (1966-80). 1986.

Hill, Donald. "A personal history of the origins of the National Association of Mathematicians’ "Presentations by Recipients of Recent Ph.D.’s"." In DIMACS Series in Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science. American Mathematical Society, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/dimacs/034/19.

"CHAPTER TWO. Recipients of Doctorates." In In Pursuit of the PhD. Princeton University Press, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400862474.19.

Stewart, Pamela. "Centering “Nontraditional” Lives." In Reshaping Women's History. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042003.003.0004.

Emple, Artem, and Kelly M. Axsom. "Orthotopic Heart Transplant Management." In Cardiothoracic Critical Care. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190082482.003.0025.

Brown, Jeannette. "Chemical Educators." In African American Women Chemists. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199742882.003.0008.

Stamate, Teodor, and Dan Cristian Moraru. "Nerve Transfers for Restoring Elbow Flexion in Brachial Plexus Palsy." In Brachial Plexus Injury [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98869.

"affecting survival following septic challenge in animal models. Using a pseudomonas contaminated burn model they found that the effect of transfusion was not dose-related (24). They also demonstrated with this model that transfusion within 24 hours of pseudomonas challenge did not affect survival, suggesting that a time dependent interaction of the recipient and the transfused blood takes place resulting in increased susceptibility to bacterial challenge (24). Neither anesthesia (methoxyflurane) nor transfusion affected survival of animals given intravenous injections in comparison to untransfused unanesthesized animals given the same intravenous dose of E. coli (26). Both allogeneic transfusion and anesthesia caused significantly increased mortality compared to controls when 10^ E. coli were injected into the peritoneal cavity. The timing of transfusion relative to septic challenge and the severity of the septic challenge interact in determining the significance of allogeneic blood for increasing susceptibility to infectious agents (27). Immunosuppressive thromboxane and prostaglandins E and Fla production by macrophages is increased following allogeneic transfusion (28) and macrophage migration into the peritoneal cavity is reduced in animals previously transfused with allogeneic blood (29). Macrophages from animals transfused with allogeneic blood also exhibit impaired ability to phagocytose and kill bacteria in culture. Leukotrienes are immunostimulatory metabolites of arachidonic acid and their production is inhibited following allogeneic transfusion. Macrophages and macrophage supernatants from transfused rats suppress lymphocyte responses to PHA (30). Significant elevations of serum corticosterone accompany declines in leukocyte counts in animals transfused with allogeneic blood in comparison to syngeneic recipients (31). The experimental studies reproducibly demonstrate that allogeneic blood transfusion causes inhibition of cellular antibacterial mechanisms which cause increased susceptibility to bacterial pathogens. The models support the hypothesis that transfusion-induced immune suppression leads to enhanced susceptibility to bacterial pathogens in the recipient. CANCER RECURRENCE In 1981 a letter in The Lancet suggested that the immunosuppressive properties of transfusion which are beneficial for dialysis patients may be detrimental for patients with malignancies (32). There are now over one hundred published studies investigating the relationship between homologous blood transfusion and cancer recurrence. Meta-analysis of 20 colorectal studies representing 5,236 patients calculated cumulative odds ratios of 1.8 for disease recurrence, and 1.76 for death from cancer in transfused patients (33). Academicians will never be convinced by retrospective studies that transfusion is anything other than a marker of stage of disease and extent of surgery. Since preoperative anemia often leads to blood transfusion and anemia is often a sign of advanced disease in cancer patients, transfusion would be expected to be associated with early disease recurrence because it is associated with anemia. Advanced malignancies necessitate extensive surgery, require more time and cause greater blood loss. Procedure, duration of surgery and blood loss are associated with transfusion and may account for transfusion's association with recurrence. Prognostic factors cannot be adequately controlled in retrospective studies. The significance of perioperative blood transfusion for patients with malignancies cannot be definitely proven without randomizing patients to receive blood or go untransfused. Given the." In Transfusion Immunology and Medicine. CRC Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482273441-26.

"THE EFFECT OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION ON IMMUNE FUNCTION Since homologous blood is never given to normal volunteers, the effect of blood transfusion on immune function in normal man is unknown. In patients who receive homologous blood, changes in immune response are evaluated in the context of the disease for which the blood is given and extrapolated to the effect of blood in the absence of disease. Changes in immunity consistently following transfusion for a variety of diseases can be assumed to be due to the transfusion and not to the diseases. Changes in immune function following transfusion with autologous blood or washed/filtered homologous blood can be compared to patients who are receiving routinely prepared homologous blood. The blood is given within the context of a surgical procedure as a consequence of operative blood loss which is due to trauma and trauma itself is associated with changes in immune function. In Vitro Lymphocyte Responsiveness Generally, inhibition of lymphocyte response to a given antigen or mitogen measured by incorporation of tritiated thymidine is accompanied by inhibition of response to all antigens and mitogens. Surgery, anesthesia, blood loss and blood transfusion cause lymphocyte suppression in clinical studies. Isolating the effect of homologous blood transfusion from the surgery, anesthesia and blood loss is not easy. In vitro lymphocyte responses decline in proportion to the magnitude of the procedure and in proportion to the amount of blood lost. Certain anesthetic agents, notably ether and cyclopropane, are associated with more profound suppression of immune function than halothane and nitrous oxide, for example (1). Patients with malignancies have low lymphocyte responses and declines with surgery are more precipitous than for patients without malignancies. Operated patients who receive homologus blood have declines in lymphocyte responsiveness compared to untransfused patients undergoing the same procedure. Thorough well-controlled studies have also observed the opposite, causing Munster et al. to comment that continued investigation " into the effect of PHA and ConA on post-traumatic lymphocyte transformation in many laboratories has produced no conclusive and repeatable pattern." (2) Prolonged depression in in vitro lymphocyte responsiveness is noted within hours of surgery and recovers over the next several days. The inhibition is due to both intrinsic and extrinsic factors since lymphocyte responsiveness can be partially restored by testing in plasma from normal blood donors. Homologous blood transfusion adds to the depressed state of the lymphocytes, but may cause stimulation in unoperated patients. The in vivo counterpart of in vitro testing of lymphocytes is delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity to antigens. Delayed Cutaneous Hypersensitivity There exists a correlation between in vivo and in vitro lymphocyte testing and preoperative evaluation of in vivo lymphocyte function is predictive of postoperative infection and subsequent course after surgery. Anergy is associated with low serum albumin and reduced polymophonuclear neutrophil chemotaxis. Patients with gastrointestinal bleeding, recipients of homologous blood, are often anergic (3). Sepsis following surgery for gastrointestinal bleeding is more common, hospital stay longer, and mortality higher in anergic patients. Patients who are initially anergic and remain anergic usually die." In Transfusion Immunology and Medicine. CRC Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482273441-21.

Leal, Debora, and Volker Wulf. "Going beyond the use of internet in a village in the Amazon region." In XVII Simpósio Brasileiro de Fatores Humanos em Sistemas Computacionais. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação (SBC), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/ihc.2018.4222.

McLeod, B., R. Sassetti, E. Cole, and P. Scott. "LONG TERM, FREQUENT PLASMA EXCHANGE DONATION OF CRYOPRECIPITATE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644024.

Claiborne, Thomas E., Wei-Che Chiu, Marvin J. Slepian, and Danny Bluestein. "Design Optimization of a Novel Polymeric Prosthetic Heart Valve and a Ventricular Assist Device via Device Thrombogenicity Emulation." In ASME 2013 Conference on Frontiers in Medical Devices: Applications of Computer Modeling and Simulation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fmd2013-16173.

Shah, Rupal J., Zhongyin J. Daye, Wei Lin, et al. "Variation In Oxidant Stress Genes In Recipients And Donors Is Associated With The Development Of Primary Graft Dysfunction (PGD) After Lung Transplantation." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a5325.

Heckl, Eva, and Joachim Kaufmann. Evaluierung des Programms Forschungspartnerschaften – industrienahe Dissertationen. KMU Forschung Austria, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2020.496.