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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Phenol'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Tonge, Livia. "Thermochemical properties of methylol phenol monomers and phenol formaldehyde resoles." Swinburne Research Bank, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/47166.

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Thesis (PhD) - Swinburne University of Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, 2007.<br>A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, 2007. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references.
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2

Janzen, Christoph. "Spektroskopische Strukturaufklärung der wasserstoffbrückengebundenen Cluster von Phenol mit Wasser, Ameisensäure und Essigsäure." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=960303952.

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3

Rubió, Piqué Laura. "Phenol-enriched olive oil with its own phenolic compounds and complemented with phenols from thyme: a functional food development model." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/146133.

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L'enriquiment de l’oli d'oliva amb els seus propis fenols esdevé una estratègia interessant per augmentar i normalitzar la ingesta diària d’hidroxitirosol sense augmentar el consum calòric. No obstant això, olis amb alt contingut fenòlic proporcionen un gust amarg que podria provocar rebuig entre els consumidors. A més, altes dosis d'hidroxitirosol podria tenir una acció pro-oxidant. En aquesta tesi es va plantejar l'estratègia d'enriquiment d’un oli d'oliva no només amb els seus propis fenols, sinó amb fenols complementaris d'herbes aromàtiques, concretament de farigola, amb la hipòtesi de qu
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4

Gralheira, Daniel José Rossa. "Tyrosinase-based phenol remediation." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/8951.

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Dissertation for the obtention of the Master Degree in Biotechnology<br>Nanobiotechnology is an emerging area full of potentialities to explore and reshape instituted knowledge. In this work, the main goal was to design and test biological remediation systems (a total of three) taking advantage of nanotechnology features, as a step towards future progress of sense-and-shoot combined systems. This task involved the development of active bionanoconjugates (BNC) with two different tyrosinases (Agaricus bisporus - AbT, and Tricoderma reesei - TrT) to be implemented in three suggested phenol rem
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5

Avci, Gulden. "Analysis Of Phenol Oxidation Products By Scytalidium Thermophilum Bifunctional Catalase/phenol Oxidase (catpo)." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613770/index.pdf.

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This thesis was aimed to analyze phenol oxidation by the bifunctional catalase/phenol oxidase of the thermophilic fungus Scytalidium thermophilum. Several reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continuously produced in fungi under oxidative stress. Depending on the nature of the ROS species, some are highly toxic and are rapidly detoxified by various cellular enzymatic mechanisms, including the production of catalase. S. thermophilum produces a novel bifunctional catalase-phenol oxidase (CATPO) which is capable of oxidizing phenolics in the absence of hydrogen peroxide. Phenol oxidases convert phen
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6

Spangenberg, Daniel. "Strukturelle und kinetische Untersuchungen an H-brückengebundenen ionischen Clustern des Phenols." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=962319643.

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7

Indurkar, Jayant R. "Selective para-funtionalization of phenol." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/710.

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In previous work done in our laboratories, a method was discovered to produce phenolic mono-ethers from 4-hydroxyacetophenone and other 4-hydroxyketones by treating with ammonium peroxy-disulfate in an alcohol as a reaction solvent and in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid or other strong protonic acids. Since this method of producing 4-alkoxyphenol ethers provides a very convenient way to modify hydroquinone and substituted hydroquinones to produce a variety of phenol mono-ethers, it was of interest to study the general scope of this reaction, including a more detailed investigation
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8

Korkmaz, Erdural Beril. "Morphine Biotransformation By Microbial Phenol Oxidases." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12607014/index.pdf.

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ABSTRACT MORPHINE BIOTRANSFORMATIONS BY MICROBIAL PHENOL OXIDASES Erdural Korkmaz, Beril M.S., Department of Chemical Engineering Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ufuk Bakir Co-Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ayhan S. Demir January 2006, 96 pages The objective of this study is to perform morphine biotransformation by using phenol oxidases. Syctalidium thermophilum, Thermomyces lanuginosus and Phanerochaete chrysosporium cells and culture fluid were used as microbial intracellular and extracellular phenol oxidases. Besides the phenol oxidases produced in laboratory, commercial pure phenol oxidases, A.
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9

Han, Yiseon. "Arthromyces ramosus peroxidase catalyzed phenol removal." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0004/MQ34372.pdf.

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10

Seetharam, Gayathri B. "Degradation of phenol using immobilized tyrosinase." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0003/MQ41004.pdf.

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11

Sayyar, Mohammad H. "Direct oxidation of benzene to phenol." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/15135.

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This thesis deals with two major process routes for the direct oxidation of benzene to phenol. The main objective of the first route was to understand the properties of the porous stainless steel (PSS) needed for support of a catalyst deposited onto its surface, to identify the morphologies of the Pd membrane deposited onto the PSS, to design a catalytic membrane reactor, to characterise membrane in terms of its permeability to hydrogen, and then to investigate hydroxylation of benzene using oxygen as an oxidant. It was observed, using Mo or zeolites as a second catalyst and the reactor design
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12

Scheffler, Thomas, Sascha Englich, and Michael Gehde. "Specific mold filling characteristics of highly filled phenolic injection molding compounds." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-198644.

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Thermosets show excellent mechanical properties and chemical resistance (for most automotive fluids) even at high temperatures up to 300 °C. Furthermore they can be highly efficient processed by injection molding. So they should be particularly suited for e.g. under the bonnet applications. However, the reality shows that thermosets are, except fiber reinforced composites, heavily underrepresented in technical applications. E.g. thermosetting components only account 0,2 % to a vehicle’s weight. Therefore reasons can be found in limited knowledge, e.g. relating mold filling behavior. The objec
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13

Westphal, Arnim. "Hochaufgelöste Laserfluoreszenzspektroskopie am Phenol(Methanol)1-Cluster." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=96841415X.

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14

Roostaei, Nadia. "Removal of phenol from water by adsorption." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0001/MQ46605.pdf.

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15

Wang, Jinwu. "Cure kinetics of wood phenol-formaldehyde systems." Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2007/j_wang_042207.pdf.

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16

Karlsson, Anna. "Anaerobic degradation of phenol and related aromatics /." Linköping : Tema, Univ, 2000. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2000/arts212s.htm.

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17

Sandhu, Amarjyoti. "Phyllosphere-mediated bacterial degradation of airborne phenol." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.

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18

Scott, Elizabeth. "Phenol degradation by natural and recombinant microorganisms." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369018.

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19

Wang, Feng Hu. "Stress relaxation in phenol formaldehyde bonded particleboards." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314859.

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20

BODIBO, JEAN-PAULIN. "Alkylation et acylation du phenol sur zeolithes." Poitiers, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991POIT2336.

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L'objectif de ce travail est de montrer que des catalyseurs zeolithiques peuvent etre substitues aux solutions acide corrosives et dangereuses souvent utilisees pour la synthese d'aromatiques fonctionnels. Les reactions modeles choisies sont d'une part l'alkylation du phenol par le methanol, d'autre part le rearrangement de l'acetate de phenyle. Dans chacun des cas le schema reactionnel est etabli et les mecanismes discutes. Tous les produits de l'alkylation du phenol sur une zeolithe hy resultant de reactions d'o- et c-alkylation. L'anisole et les ortho- et para-cresols sont les produits prim
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21

Scott, Brian Cameron. "Evaluation of Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Cure Rate." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33222.

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Cure time is often the bottleneck of composite manufacturing processes, therefore it is important to understand the cure of todayâ s thermosetting adhesives. This research attempts to characterize the cure rate of two commercial phenol-formaldehyde adhesives. Two methods are used, parallel-plate rheometry and dielectric spectroscopy. Viscosity data from a parallel-plate rheometer may be used to track the advance of polymerization as a function of temperature. This data can then be used to optimize press conditions and reduce production times and costs. <p> The research will further examine re
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22

Yang, Xing. "Organic Fillers in Phenol-Formaldehyde Wood Adhesives." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64999.

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Veneer-based structural wood composites are typically manufactured using phenol-formaldehyde resols (PF) that are formulated with wheat flour extender and organic filler. Considering that this technology is several decades old, it is surprising to learn that many aspects of the formulation have not been the subject of detailed analysis and scientific publication. The effort described here is part of a university/industry research cooperation with a focus on how the organic fillers impact the properties of the formulated adhesives and adhesive bond performance. The fillers studied in this work
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23

Ncanana, Sandile Welcome. "Biocatalytic studies of phenol oxidases producing antioxidants." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5429.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 172-198).<br>In recent years there has been increasing interest in the production of oligomers and polymers of economic importance using biocatalysts; the application of enzymes in dimerisation or polymerisation processes can lead to the synthesis of unique compounds, with novel properties, that could not be easily achieved by conventional methods. Further, the application of biocatalysts in polymerization processes can be exploited in development of bioremediation systems, and there is a demand for new technologies that can be utilized in the remova
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24

Phillips, David Gray 1949. "Acclimation of mixed cultures for phenol biodegradation." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276811.

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Experiments were conducted to examine the cause of lag-phase growth during phenol degradation by mixed microbial cultures that had been acclimated to one of four substrates. Four aerated Imhoff cones were inoculated with wastewater sludge and fed one of four substrates: acetate, egg albumin, vegetable oil, or phenol. Inocula from these cones were injected into batch reactors containing phenol. Time-dependent growth was measured by two methods: most probable number (MPN) and epifluorescence microscopy (EM). The MPN technique was used to distinguish two cell concentrations: total cells and a phe
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25

Vogel, Frédéric. "Nassoxidation von Phenol mit Sauerstoff bei milden Bedingungen /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1997. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=12267.

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26

Castro, Cevallos Ursula Isabel. "Phenol oxidation catalysed by polymer-supported metal complexes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8577.

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Focussing on the treatment of industrial effluents with high content of organic compounds, the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) develop technologies such as the catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of organic compounds (CWPO). The improvement of this process is based on the variation either of the catalyst or the oxidant source. The present research work proposes to get advantage of the catalytic activity of homogeneous catalysts, avoiding the metal contamination of the reaction media by the heterogenization of Cu(II) ions over polymeric matrices, to finally use them as catalysts in the CWPO of
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27

Kallos, Alexander. "Characterization of cure of phenol formaldehyde foaming resin." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63800.

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28

Chen, Tong, and 陳彤. "Anaerobic treatment of benzoate- and phenol- containing wastewaters." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31212918.

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29

Varnavas, Christalla Zenos. "Synthetic studies directed towards sesquiterpene-phenol natural products." Thesis, University of Salford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366319.

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30

Sylvestre, Isabelle. "Copper complexes of new biologically relevant phenol ligands." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410895.

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31

Chen, Tong. "Anaerobic treatment of benzoate- and phenol- containing wastewaters /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17590607.

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32

Rautenbach, Daniel. "The development of an electrochemical process for the production of para-substituted di-hydroxy benzenes." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/159.

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The project was concerned with the investigation of the electrochemical oxidation of various phenols, and to develop a viable reaction system for the production of the respective hydroquinones. Current production routes utilizing phenol as starting material have the limitations of using large amounts of acids, having to be stopped at low conversions and producing a mixture of the hydroquinones and catechols. Of the possible routes to the respective hydroquinones from the various phenols, the electrochemical oxidation of these phenols offers commercial and environmental advantages and hence for
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33

Pongoma, Basanda. "The investigation of alternative processes for the oxidation of phenol." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1479.

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The electrochemical oxidation of phenol can be considered as an important process for either producing value added products such as hydroquinone and catechol or for the removal of the phenol from waste water streams to form carbon dioxide. This process had been extensively studied with the main focus on type of anode material used. Even though the anode material could be made from a range of materials, this study focused on using PbO2 as anode material that was made by using Pb-acid battery principles in designing a microporous electrode. In this study, the focus was on using lead dioxide as a
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34

Lloyd-George, Ian. "The conversion of ammonia, phenol and pyruvate into tyrosine by the use of the tyrosine phenol-lyase activity of microencapsulated Erwinia Herbicola." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41200.

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The tyrosine phenol-lyase (TPL)-E.C. 4.1.99.2-activity of free and alginate-polylysine-alginate microencapsulated whole cells of Erwinia herbicola, was used to convert ammonia, pyruvate and phenol or catechol into L-tyrosine of dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine (L-dopa). This conversion could serve as the basis of a novel system for the removal of toxic ammonia and phenol from the blood during liver failure.<br>It was found that there were endogenous modifiers in the whole cell TPL system, hence the kinetic parameters vary with the amount of cells in the system. However typically the apparent $ rm K s
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35

Kaptan, Yelda. "Utilization Of Scytalidium Thermophilum Phenol Oxidase In Bioorganic Synthesis." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12605353/index.pdf.

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ABSTRACT UTILIZATION OF SCYTALIDIUM THERMOPHILUM PHENOL OXIDASE IN BIOORGANIC SYNTHESES Kaptan, Yelda M.S., Department of Biotechnology Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Z&uuml<br>mr&uuml<br>t B. &Ouml<br>gel Co-supervisor: Prof Dr. Ufuk Bakir September 2004, 90 pages In this study, the ultimate aim was to utilize phenol oxidases of Scytalidium thermophilum in bioorganic syntheses. For this purpose, studies were conducted towards enhancing the production of phenol oxidases by Scytalidium thermophilum, developing a suitable method for laccase activity assays, analyzing the effects of organic so
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36

Bagherifam, Shahla. "Thermal Characterization Of Phenol And Bisphenol-a Based Polybenzoxazines." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610409/index.pdf.

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Although, several researches on synthesis and characterization of benzoxazines and polybenzoxazines have appeared in the literature, detailed studies on thermal characterization are still limited. In this study, polymerization and thermal degradation mechanisms of benzoxazines were investigated via direct pyrolysis mass spectrometry. Benzoxazine monomers prepared by reactions of phenol or bisphenol- A with aniline or methyl amine were analyzed to investigate the effects of the structures of phenyl and amine groups on both polymerization and thermal degradation behaviours. It has been proposed
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37

Villalobos, Tinoco Daniel Alberto. "Advanced studies on phenol removal using Arthromyces ramosus peroxidase." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0008/MQ59895.pdf.

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38

Neidlinger, Andreas [Verfasser]. "Ferrocene-phenol conjugates – secondary structures and reactivity / Andreas Neidlinger." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1126763152/34.

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39

Soegiaman, Selvia Kurniawati. "Kinetics of the laccase-catalyzed oxidation of aqueous phenol." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103010.

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Laccase (E.C 1.10.3.2) catalyzes the oxidation of aromatic substrates with the simultaneous reduction of molecular oxygen to water. It has significant potential for use in many applications due to its high reaction rates, broad substrate-specificity, and use of oxygen as an inexpensive co-factor. The objective of this research was to investigate the ability of laccase from Trametes versicolor to catalyze oxidation reactions under a variety of reaction conditions and to model the kinetics of these transformations. Phenol was selected as a model substrate.<br>Laccase was very stable when incubat
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40

Fürtges, Leon [Verfasser], and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Müller. "Oxidative phenol coupling in ascomycetes: regioselectivity of coupling enzymes." Freiburg : Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1163945870/34.

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41

Al-Hazmi, Naeem. "One step hydroxylation of benzene to phenol using N2O." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8299.

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There is an increasing commercial interest in finding alternative ways to produce phenol that overcome the disadvantages of the current cumene process used to synthesize phenol. The drivers for the change are both economic and environmental. A direct oxidation route for producing phenol from benzene is based on using N2O as an oxidizing agent in the gas phase in the presence of modified Fe-ZSM5 zeolite. One of the main objectives was to examine the effect of different Si/Al ratios, temperatures and iron content on the selective conversion of benzene to phenol with a desire to achieve high sele
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42

Chanton, Patrick. "Calibration of phenol oxidase measurement in acidic wetland environments." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52329.

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Phenol oxidases mediate the degradation of recalcitrant compounds, polyphenolics, in wetland soils and are considered to play a key role in the microbial carbon cycle of peatlands which predominate in boreal biomes. In order to validate a method for quantification of oxidative enzyme activity in acidic wetland environments, the relationship between pH and substrate oxidation was studied using the standard enzyme tyrosinase and in soils collected from six freshwater wetlands including three marshes in north Florida and peatlands of northern Minnesota. Phenol oxidase (PO) activity was quantified
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43

Huang, Tung-Li. "The removal of ammonia and phenol by hydrophobic catalyst." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310652.

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44

Scheffler, Thomas. "Werkstoffeinflüsse auf den Spritzgussprozess von hochgefüllten Phenol-Formaldehydharz­-Formmassen." Universitätsverlag Chemnitz, 2018. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32200.

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Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden verschiedene duroplastische Formmassen laboranalytisch hinsichtlich der rheologischen und thermischen Eigenschaften untersucht. Es wurde u.a. gezielt die absolute Materialfeuchte gesteigert, um den Einfluss dieser auf das Fließ­ Härtungsverhalten zu charakterisieren. Anschließend wurden die Materialien auf einer hochinstrumentierten Spritzgussmaschine mit einem Fließspiralenwerkzeug untersucht. Dabei konnte ein direkter Zusammenhang zwischen dem Rückfluss und dem Plastifizierdrehmoment in Abhängigkeit der Materialfeuchte und der Prozessparameter detekti
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45

Laborie, Marie-Pierre Genevieve. "Investigation of the Wood/Phenol-Formaldehyde Adhesive Interphase Morphology." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26411.

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This work addresses the morphology of the wood/ Phenol-Formaldehyde (PF) adhesive interphase using yellow-poplar. In this case, morphology refers to the scale or dimension of adhesive penetration into wood. The objective is to develop methods for revealing ever smaller levels of wood/resin morphology. Dynamic techniques that are commonly utilized in polymer blend studies are investigated as potential methods for probing the wood/ adhesive interphase morphology. These are Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and solid state NMR using CP/MAS. PF resin molecular weight is manipulated to promote
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46

Abutaleb, Ahmed Alhassan. "Conversion of Phenol to Cyclohexanone Using Nanofiber Supported Catalysts." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1444144338.

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47

Gohil, Amit. "Bacterial oxidoreductase-catalysed metabolism of phenol and aniline substrates." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.706684.

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Chapter 1. Provides an Introduction to dioxygenases, their Involvement In aromatic degradation ant formation of chiral c/s-dlols. The toluene dioxygenase (TOO, mechanism of action, amino acids In the active site and their blocatalytlc activity towards phenolic metabolites are Introduced. Application: of these chiral c/s-dlol metabolites obtained by TDO-catalysed oxidations are exemplified. Chapter 2. Whole cell biotransformations of meta-methoxyphenol using the constitutive mutanl Pseudomonas putlda UV4 strain expressing TOO and Inducer recombinant Escherichia coll (pCL-4T strain exclusively e
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48

Molva, Murat Polat Hürriyet. "Removal of phenol from industrial wastewaters using lignitic coals/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2004. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/cevremuh/T000458.pdf.

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49

Ekstrand, Johan. "Enhancement of Phenol Formaldehyde Adhesive with Crystalline Nano Cellulose." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85468.

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Abstract The wood industries to this day use almost exclusively petroleum derived adhesives that are based mainly on the reaction of formaldehyde with urea, melamine or phenol. These adhesives have low cost and good adjustable properties which makes it hard for bio-based alternatives to compete. Phenol formaldehyde (PF), as an example of a synthetic adhesive, has been in use for over 100 years. In some parts of the world, legislation around formaldehyde is changing, and there is an increasingly voluntary awareness about the toxicity and unsustainability of formaldehyde. Industries realize that
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50

Akude, Angela M. "Production of Phenol-formaldehyde Adhesives from Catalytic Pyrolysis Oil." DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5612.

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Phenol-formaldehyde adhesives are important adhesives known to have superior water resistance capacity and high mechanical strength when utilized in wood-based applications. Due to unsustainability and environmental issues associated with the use of fossil fuels, there is an urgent need to look for alternative raw materials, which are renewable in nature. Pinyon-juniper biomass has been found to be a suitable replacement for petroleum-based phenol because it is renewable, abundant, and readily available. In this thesis, bio-oil produced from the pyrolysis of pinyon-juniper biomass using red mu
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