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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Phenols'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Rubió, Piqué Laura. "Phenol-enriched olive oil with its own phenolic compounds and complemented with phenols from thyme: a functional food development model." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/146133.

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L'enriquiment de l’oli d'oliva amb els seus propis fenols esdevé una estratègia interessant per augmentar i normalitzar la ingesta diària d’hidroxitirosol sense augmentar el consum calòric. No obstant això, olis amb alt contingut fenòlic proporcionen un gust amarg que podria provocar rebuig entre els consumidors. A més, altes dosis d'hidroxitirosol podria tenir una acció pro-oxidant. En aquesta tesi es va plantejar l'estratègia d'enriquiment d’un oli d'oliva no només amb els seus propis fenols, sinó amb fenols complementaris d'herbes aromàtiques, concretament de farigola, amb la hipòtesi de qu

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2

Lucach, Sandra Ortega. "Phenols in petroleum systems." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273711.

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3

Goss, Ben. "Novel phenolic composites." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1997. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36933/1/36933_Goss_1997.pdf.

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Composites were prepared from a phenolic resin formulation reinforced with ultra high modulus polyethylene (UHMPE) fibre. Two commercially prepared samples of UHMPE were used: Spectra® prepared by Allied Signal in the USA and Dyneema® prepared by DSM in Holland. To these fibres a number of surface treatments were applied, predominantly oxygen and water plasma, in order to improve composite properties. The effect of treatment was monitored usmg X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and treatment time was optimised by this technique. The influence of treatment time on fibre tensile strength

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4

Fimbres, Michael. "Competitive sulfonimidate alkylations of phenols." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1526904.

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<p> Ethyl <i>N-tert</i>-butyl-4-nitrobenzenesulfonimidate and isopropyl <i> N</i>-(1-adamantyl)-4-nitrobenzenesulfonimidate have been shown to alkylate a variety of different phenols, along with thiophenol and selenophenol. It was shown that ethylation and isopropylation can be successfully carried out using these sulfonimidates with the help of an acid catalyst, tetrafluoroboric acid dimethyl ether complex. Their ability to alkylate selectively on functionally similar groups resulted in the formation of ethers, sulfides, and selenides. Competitive reactions with sterically hindered phenols fo

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5

Johns, Stephen Christopher. "De Novo Synthesis of Phenols." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/4646.

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This thesis is divided into three chapters. In the first, the methods currently available for the synthesis ofphenols from acyclic precursors are reviewed. The review concentrates on methods that have been usedto form a range of phenols and is divided up according to the type of chemistry employed. The secondchapter describes the development of a novel route to phenols. Initial optimisation results are describedfirst, followed by the synthesis of a library of phenols. The majority of these have not been reportedpreviously. The attempted extension of this work to the formation of anilines, nitr

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6

Balasainath, Ravindra Kotha. "Regiospecific Synthesis of Ortho Substituted Phenols." TopSCHOLAR®, 2011. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1084.

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Phenol is highly reactive toward electrophilic aromatic substitution. By this general approach, many groups can be appended to the ring, via halogenation, acylation, sulfonation, and other processes. Phenol contains the hydroxyl group (–OH), which is a strongly activating ortho/para directing group in aromatic electrophilic substitution (AES). AES gives a mixture of ortho-and para isomers, which must be separated. The strong directing ability of phenol can also result in multiple substitutions on the aromatic ring which could be a major concern in the regiospecific synthesis of phenols. AES an

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7

Izimas, M. "Selective control of chlorination of phenols." Thesis, Swansea University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637380.

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The chlorination of <I>meta</I>-cresol by sulfuryl chloride in the presence of different sulfur containing catalysts was studied. In homogeneous conditions, the chlorination of <I>meta</I>-cresol was catalysed by dialkyl sulfides and dithia-alkenes. The influence of various reaction parameters was investigated. The dithia-alkanes were not commercially available and needed to be synthesised prior to their use. A new method for the synthesis of unsymmetrical dithia-alkanes was developed. The chlorination of <I>meta</I>-cresol using di-iso-propyl sulfide and di-n-butyl sulfide was scaled up and t

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8

Amiri, Fariba. "Influence of pH and NOM on Sorption of Phenols onto Aquifer Material." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1112166354807-33548.

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Geosorption processes play an important role as retardation mechanism in subsurface transport of organic water constituents. Geosorption behaviour of Ionisable Hydrophobic Organic compounds (IHOCs) especially influence of dissolved natural organic materials on their sorption coefficients is poorly investigated. In this study influence of pH and NOM on the sorption of three different phenols (2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol) on a natural sandy aquifer material collected from a bank filtration site was studied in flow through column experiments. In first s

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9

Bassey, E. N. "The extraction of phenols from ammoniacal liquors." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372179.

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10

Messenger, Beatrice. "Salivary gland peptide hormones and dietary phenols." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326511.

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11

Mitchell, Lindsay. "Phenols and tannins of apples and ciders." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322461.

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12

Mordacque, Olivier Michel André. "Selective alkylation of phenols using solid catalysts." Thesis, University of York, 2003. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14186/.

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Alkylphenols are important industrial chemicals used in a wide range of applications. In particular, 2,6-ditertbutylphenol is an indispensable building block for anti-oxidants and light protective agents. A new solid catalyst was prepared, characterised and tested for the alkylation of phenols with alkenes in an attempt to reduce the environmental hazards associated with the aqueous wastes generated by the homogeneously catalysed alkylation reactions. The new silica gel supported aluminium phenolate catalyst was prepared by a two steps procedure, first grafting of an aluminium precursor such a

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13

Akgul, Yucel. "Effects of the common pesticide methoxychlor on ovarian steroidogenesis." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5391.

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14

Small, Pamela Beth. "Development of a Soy-blueberry Burger and the Changes in Anthocyanins and Phenolics During Storage and Broiling." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/SmallPB2007.pdf.

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15

Koopmann, Ricarda. "Allelopathic effects of bark phenols on epiphytic lichens." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=977662861.

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16

Irebo, Tania. "Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer from Hydrogen-Bonded Phenols." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kemisk fysik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-112060.

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Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) is one of the elementary reactions occurring in many chemical and biological systems, such as photosystem II where the oxidation of tyrosine (TyrZ) is coupled to deprotonation of the phenolic proton. This reaction is here modelled by the oxidation of a phenol covalently linked to a Ru(bpy)32+-moitey, which is photo-oxidized by a laser flash-quench method. This model system is unusual as mechanism of PCET is studied in a unimolecular system in water solution. Here we address the question how the nature of the proton accepting base and its hydrogen bond to

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17

Yang, Yun. "Temperature dependent PCDD/PCDF product distributions from phenols." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20182.

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18

Semple, Kirk Taylor. "The biodegradation of phenols by a eukaryotic alga." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/374.

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Axenic cultures of Chiamydomonas ulvaensis [CCAP 11/58], Scenedesmus brasiliensis [CCAP 276/1 B] and Ochromonas danica [0CAP933/28] were screened for their ability to grow on and remove phenol from their incubation media. Neither C. ulvaensis nor S. brasiliensis removed the phenol substrate as rapidly as 0. danica which is a nutritionally versatile chrysophyte. 0. danica was found to grow on phenol and p-cresol as the sole C-source at concentrations up to 4mM in cultures grown in both photoheterotrophic and heterotrophic conditions. The alga would not grow on cresols or xylenols unless phenol

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19

Wells, Geoffrey. "Chemical diversity from the oxidation of bioactive phenols." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324523.

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20

Nelson, Lisha. "The production of volatile phenols by wine microorganisms." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3101.

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Thesis (MScAgric (Viticulture and Oenology))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.<br>The production of good quality wine is essential to ensure competitiveness on an international level. Wine quality is usually evaluated for the visual, olfactory and taste characteristics of that specific wine. The winemaking process starts with the grapes in the vineyard followed by oenological practises in the winery until the final wine is bottled. Factors that could influence wine quality include the grape quality from which the wine is made and different techniques used during wine production. Other factors in

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21

Allott, Philip Hugh. "The thermochemistry of bromination of phenols and anilines." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1986. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/45ee4bfb-9be1-4500-9d03-2b883899c5cb/1/.

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A method has been developed for bromination of aromatic compounds in aqueous solution in an isoperibol calorimeter. The enthalpies of bromination of phenol to 2,4,6-tribromophenol and of aniline, 2-bromo-aniline, 4-bromoaniline and 2,4-dibromoaniline to 2,4,6-tribromo-aniline were measured using this method. These values were used to derive the standard enthalpies of formation of 2,4,6-tribromophenol, 2-bromoaniline, 4-bromoaniline, 2,4-dibromoaniline and 2,4,6-tribromo-aniline. The enthalpies of combustion of 2,4,6-tribromophenol and 2,4,6-tribromoaniline were measured using a rotating-bomb c

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22

Amiri, Fariba. "Influence of pH and NOM on Sorption of Phenols onto Aquifer Material." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2004. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24473.

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Geosorption processes play an important role as retardation mechanism in subsurface transport of organic water constituents. Geosorption behaviour of Ionisable Hydrophobic Organic compounds (IHOCs) especially influence of dissolved natural organic materials on their sorption coefficients is poorly investigated. In this study influence of pH and NOM on the sorption of three different phenols (2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol) on a natural sandy aquifer material collected from a bank filtration site was studied in flow through column experiments. In first s

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23

Kalili, Kathithileni Martha. "Application of comprehensive 2-dimensional liquid chromatography for the analysis of complex phenolic fractions." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2420.

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Thesis (MSc (Chemistry and Polymer Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The separation of apple, cocoa and green tea phenolic compounds by comprehensive 2-dimensional liquid chromatography (2-D-LC) has been studied. In the first dimension, phenolic compounds were separated according to polarity by hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) on a diol stationary phase with a mobile phase containing acetonitrile, methanol, acetic acid and water. Gradient reversed-phase (RP) LC using a C18 column with fluorescence detection was employed in the second dimensi

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24

Marshall, Laura. "Novel methodology for the synthesis of ¹³C-labelled phenols and its application to the total synthesis of polyphenols /." St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/875.

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25

Hoffmann, Petra. "The development and evaluation of procedures for the synthesis of phenolic ethers by Baeyer-Villiger oxidation." Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/51.

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A novel preparative method has been discovered in our laboratories which produces hydroxy-substituted phenolic ethers in a simple one-pot process. Initially it was found that 4-hydroxyacetophenone, when oxidized in the presence of ammonium peroxydisulfate and concentrated sulfuric acid in methanol, resulted in 4- methoxyphenol as product in high yield. Being novel, no information about the method was available in the literature, and hence it was our task to study the reaction more extensively. The scope of the reaction was investigated in that different reagents and substrates, as well as alte

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26

Mitchell, Anthony Stewart, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Synthetic studies towards anthraquinones." Deakin University. School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 1994. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051017.151445.

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The oxidation of substituted phenols with phenyliodonium diacetate in methanol was found to afford 2,4-cyclohexadienones, 2,5-cyclohexadienones or mixtures of isomers depending on the substrate being oxidized. A reaction mechanism was proposed for this oxidation which involved an intermediate aryloxenium ion. A strong correlation was observed between the experimentally determined product ratios and the results predicted by calculation of the LUMO coefficients of the proposed intermediates, Annulation of these cyclohexadienones with the anion derived from cyanophthalide afforded substituted ant

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27

Zhu, Fan, and 朱帆. "Interactions of carbohydrates with phenolic compounds." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45584710.

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28

Bifulco, Laura. "Development of electrochemical and microbial sensing systems for detection of phenolic compounds." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269525.

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29

Setälä, Harri. "Regio- and stereoselectivity of oxidative coupling reaction of phenols : spirodienones as construction units in ligin /." [Espoo, Finland] : VTT, 2008. http://www.vtt.fi/inf/pdf/publications/2008/P689.pdf.

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30

Chan, On-chim. "Toxicity of phenol to anaerobic biogranules in shock and in continuous loading conditions /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18037951.

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31

Mordocco, Angela Maria. "Continuous degradation of phenol at low levels using Pseudomonas putida immobilised in calcium alginate /." [Campbelltown, N.S.W. : The Author], 1996. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030710.134758/index.html.

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32

Hoffmann, Eric. "The oxidative coupling of phenols using stoichiometric metal oxidants." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/180.

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The oxidative coupling of 2,6-di-t-butylphenol under mild reaction conditions is well documented and the subject of many patents. However, the coupling of other monoand di- substituted phenols is not as well documented and thus there is scope for further investigation for providing a convenient, environmentally friendly and economically viable method for the oxidative coupling of these phenols. In this study, the oxidative coupling of a variety of alkylated phenolic substrates, 2-tbutylphenol, 2,6-di-t-butylphenol, 2,4 -di-t-butylphenol and ,4-dimethylphenol, using a range of different oxidizi

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33

Ikehata, Keisuke. "Characterisation of tyrosinase for the treatment of aqueous phenols." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0027/MQ50624.pdf.

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34

Wagner, Monika. "Horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed removal of phenols from industrial wastewaters." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38095.

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Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of aqueous phenols by hydrogen peroxide resulting in the formation and precipitation of polymeric products. The technical feasibility of this enzymatic process for the treatment of industrial wastewaters that contain phenols was investigated. Bench-scale experiments were conducted in which the influences of selected components in the waste matrix on treatment efficiency were assessed.<br>Experiments with synthetic phenol solutions revealed that the toxicity of HRP-treated phenol solutions declines with time and is dependent on the pre

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35

Long, Philip. "Rhodium-phosphinite catalysts for the ortho-arylation of phenols." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529840.

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36

Bollard, Mary Elizabeth. "NMR spectroscopic investigations into the metabolism of substituted phenols." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264929.

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37

Al-Obaidi, U. "Nitrous acid catalysed nitration of phenols in sulphuric acid." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373818.

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38

Owen, Nicholas D. S. "The H-bonding activity of F'- with some phenols." Thesis, University of York, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280440.

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39

Newby, Craig Sinclair. "The pro-inflammatory effects of phenols on the skin." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314177.

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40

Oble, Julie. "Nouvelles réactions multicomposant avec des phenols et des isonitriles." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EPXX0017.

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Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons découvert que des phénols pauvres en électrons comme les nitrophénols ou le salicylate de méthyle peuvent intervenir comme partenaire acide dans des couplages de type Ugi. Ces phénols sont en effet suffisamment acides pour activer les imines intermédiaires et déplacer l'ensemble des équilibres par un réarrangement de type Smiles. Il est ainsi possible d'obtenir des N-arylaminoamides par un couplage multicomposant entre une amine primaire, un isonitrile, un composé carbonylé et un phénol. Par la suite, nous nous sommes intéressés à la possibilité d'étendre ce

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41

Wisniewski-Dyé, Florence. "Induction des genes de virulence chez agrobacterium tumefaciens : activite de phenyl-glycosides et purification d'une proteine affine de phenols." Orléans, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ORLE2044.

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L'interaction entre agrobacterium tumefaciens, bacterie du sol, et les cellules vegetales est le seul exemple naturel de transfert d'adn entre un procaryote et un eucaryote. Ce processus complexe aboutit a la formation d'une tumeur, la galle du collet (crown gall), maladie agronomique importante qui affecte la plupart des plantes dicotyledones. D'autre part, cette bacterie est largement utilisee pour transformer genetiquement des vegetaux par l'introduction de genes d'interet agronomique. L'expression des genes de virulence de la bacterie, induite par des composes phenoliques (comme l'acetosyr

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42

Ali, Haroon. "Protein-phenolic interactions in food." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32748.

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Our objective was to investigate the mode of interaction between selected food proteins and phenolic compounds. Bovine serum albumin (BSA), bovine beta-lactoglobulin, and soybean glycinin were used with the following phenolic compounds; 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (gallic acid), 3,4-dihydroxy cinnamic acid (caffeic acid), p -hydroxycinnamic acid (courmaric acid), and 5,7-dihydroxy 4-methoxy isoflavone (biochanin A). The interaction was investigated using incubation temperatures of 35°, 45° and 55°C at pH 5, 7 and 9. Native and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), differential scanni

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43

Yiannakakis, Alexandros Emmanuel 1959. "Adsorption/desorption of phenols on the Pima clay loam soil." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276709.

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A linear distribution isotherm described the sorption/desorption of four phenols on the Pima clay loam soil. The linear distribution coefficients for 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2-chlorophenol, phenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol were 3.61, 2.93, 0.87, and 0.79. Ionization of the phenols affected their relative distribution order. Hydrogen bonding of phenols to exposed mineral sites accounted for the greater measured sorption than was predicted. The effect of solid concentration on the distribution of phenols was tested over a 10-fold soil/solution range. When a log transformation was performed on the da

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44

Fogel, Ronen. "Fundamental investigations into the factors affecting the response of laccase-based electrochemical biosensors." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007166.

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Given their widespread effects and distribution in both natural and industrial environments, the monitoring of phenolic compounds is of considerable analytical interest. Electrochemical biosensor technologies, in particular those comprising laccase enzymes, afford many potential benefits to address this analytical need. However, several key factors affecting sensor response currently limit their applicability. This Thesis reports on the fabrication and optimisation of an electrochemical laccase-based biosensor towards the application of the monitoring of phenolic compounds. Selected factors co

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45

Cakir, Esra. "Varietal differences in antioxidant activity and phenolic composition of asparagus." Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2007/e_cakir_062107.pdf.

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46

Bourne, Thomas Franklin. "Biodegradation of keratins and phenolic compounds." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25403.

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47

Alu'datt, Muhammad Hussein. "Phenolic compounds in oil-bearing plants and their interactions with oilseed protein isolates." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102950.

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Oil-bearing plants are important sources of edible oil and proteins; they have attracted attention recently because of their antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of this work was to investigate the nature of phenolic compounds in oil-bearing plants and the effects of phenolic compounds on protein isolates from soybean and flaxseed. Proteins were isolated from full-fat and defatted soybean and flaxseed using sodium hydroxide extraction and isoelectric precipitation. Free phenolic compounds were extracted from the oil-bearing plants and protein isolates usin

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48

Cheng, Ka-wing. "Preventive potential and mechanism of dietary phenolics on the formation of mutagenic heterocyclic amines." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B4284177X.

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49

Hensler, Sven. "Distribution Coefficients of Ionized and Un-ionized Halogenated Phenols in an Octanol-water System and their Relationship to Molecular Structure." PDXScholar, 1996. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5169.

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Life supporting biological membranes are barriers to toxic chemicals. One of the factors determining the toxicity of chemical compounds is their distribution between membranes and their an environment. An octanol-water system is frequently used as a model for biological membranes to estimate the toxic potency of environmental pollutants. The distribution of a chemical between the octanol and the water phase is described by the octanol-water partition coefficient Kow. This study is concerned with the relationship between Kow and the molecular structure of the toxic chemical. In the study the fo

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50

Word, Robert. "Distribution of Ionized and Neutral Halogenated Phenols in an Octanol-water Membrane Model System." PDXScholar, 1996. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5207.

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The accumulation of xenobiotics, such as halogenated phenols, in soils, sediments, and living organisms is primarily a partitioning process between an aquatic and organic phase. It is traditional to use a bulk octanol-water system to model the partitioning of a compound between complex biological lipid membranes and aqueous media. The octanol-water partition coefficient Kow successfully approximates the lipid membrane-water partition coefficient Ki;pw of neutral compounds. However, the ionized species of substituted phenols were shown (Smejtek, et al. 1993; Escher, et al. 1996) to have a highe

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