Relevant bibliographies by topics / Phenomena of intergroup differentiation

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Phenomena of intergroup differentiation'

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Published: 4 May 2022
Last updated: 5 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Phenomena of intergroup differentiation"

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Ladegaard, Hans J. "Stereotypes and the discursive accomplishment of intergroup differentiation." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 85–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.21.1.05lad.

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This article analyzes how employees in a global business organization talk about their colleagues in other countries. Employees were asked to discuss their work practices in focus group settings, and give examples of how they experience ‘the other’. Using Discursive Psychology and Politeness Theory as the analytic approaches, the article analyzes pieces of discourse to disclose social psychological phenomena such as group identity, intergroup differentiation, and stereotypes. The analyses show that talking about ‘the other’ is potentially face-threatening, and mitigating discourse features are used repeatedly to soften the criticism. We also see how uncovering stereotypes is a mutual accomplishment in the group, and how group members gradually move from relatively innocent to blatantly negative outgroup stereotypes. The analyses also show that participants engage in meta-reflections on the nature of stereotypes, which may serve as another mitigating device, and that talk about ‘the other’ is used to create intergroup differentiation. Finally, the article discusses the implications of these findings for cross-cultural communication and work practices in organizations.
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Imperato, Chiara, and Tiziana Mancini. "Intergroup Dialogues in the Landscape of Digital Societies: How Does the Dialogical Self Affect Intercultural Relations in Online Contexts?" Societies 11, no. 3 (July 21, 2021): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc11030084.

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The effects of intergroup dialogues on intercultural relations in digital societies and the growing conflict, inflammatory and hate speech phenomena characterizing these environments are receiving increasing attention in socio-psychological studies. Based on Allport’s contact theory, scholars have shown that online intercultural contact reduces ethnic prejudice and discrimination, although it is not yet clear when and how this occurs. By analyzing the role of the Dialogical Self in online intercultural dialogues, we aim to understand how individuals position themselves and others at three levels of inclusiveness—personal, social, and human—and how this process is associated with attitudes towards the interlocutor, intergroup bias and prejudice, whilst also considering the inclusion of the Other in the Self and ethnic/racial identity. An experimental procedure was administered via the Qualtrics platform, and data were collected among 118 undergraduate Italian students through an anonymous questionnaire. From ANOVA and moderation analysis, it emerged that the social level of inclusiveness was positively associated with ethnic/racial identity and intergroup bias. Furthermore, the human level of inclusiveness was associated with the inclusion of the Other in the Self and ethnic/racial identity, and unexpectedly, also with intergroup bias. We conclude that when people interact online as “human beings”, the positive effect of online dialogue fails, hindering the differentiation processes necessary to define one’s own and the interlocutor’s identities. We discuss the effects of intercultural dialogue in the landscape of digital societies and the relevance of our findings for theory, research and practice.
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Gonzales, Wilkinson Daniel Wong, and Mie Hiramoto. "Two Englishes diverged in the Philippines?" Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 35, no. 1 (May 13, 2020): 125–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00057.gon.

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Abstract Although World Englishes (WE) scholarship is concerned with the study of English varieties in different social contexts, there is a tendency to treat postcolonial ones as homogenous regional phenomena (e.g., Philippine English). Few researchers have discussed variation and social differentiation in detail with empirical evidence. Thus, in order to understand how layers of different varieties of WE operate within a specific group of speakers, this study takes an empirical intergroup approach from a substratist framework. This study explores distinctive features of a metropolitan Manila variety of Chinese English used in the Philippines, Manila Chinese English (MCE), an English contact variety used by Manila Chinese Filipinos. After comparing the frequencies of selected features observed in a 52,000-word MCE database with frequencies in Manila English and American English corpora, this study found that a distinct variety – MCE – most likely emerged in the 1960s due to the extensive contact between general Manila English and local tongues of Chinese Filipinos such as (Hybrid) Hokkien and Tagalog, which function as MCE’s substrate languages. This study takes into account MCE’s structure, sources, and genesis, and discusses MCE in relation to Philippine English as positioned in Schneider’s dynamic model, to demonstrate how intergroup variations coexist but take divergent paths within a WE variety.
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Thalhofer, Nancy N. "Intergroup Differentiation and Reduction of Intergroup Conflict." Small Group Research 24, no. 1 (February 1993): 28–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1046496493241003.

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Capozza, Dora, and Chiara Volpato. "Categorical differentiation and intergroup relationships." British Journal of Social Psychology 29, no. 1 (March 1990): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.1990.tb00890.x.

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Kelly, Caroline. "Intergroup differentiation in a political context." British Journal of Social Psychology 27, no. 4 (December 1988): 319–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.1988.tb00835.x.

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Knippenberg, Ad van, and Naomi Ellemers. "Social Identity and Intergroup Differentiation Processes." European Review of Social Psychology 1, no. 1 (January 1990): 137–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14792779108401860.

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BROWN, RUPERT, SUSAN CONDOR, AUDREY MATHEWS, GILLIAN WADE, and JENNIFER WILLIAMS. "Explaining intergroup differentiation in an industrial organization." Journal of Occupational Psychology 59, no. 4 (December 1986): 273–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1986.tb00230.x.

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McNamara, Niamh, Orla Muldoon, Clifford Stevenson, and Emer Slattery. "Citizenship attributes as the basis for intergroup differentiation: Implicit and explicit intergroup evaluations." Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology 21, no. 3 (April 25, 2011): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/casp.1090.

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Jetten, Jolanda, Russell Spears, and Tom Postmes. "Intergroup Distinctiveness and Differentiation: A Meta-Analytic Integration." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 86, no. 6 (2004): 862–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.86.6.862.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Phenomena of intergroup differentiation"

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Dalmis, Ibrahim. "Socio-political Identity And Intergroup Perception: The Case Of Ulkucu Group In Turkey." Phd thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/457440/index.pdf.

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This thesis consists of two studies together with a preliminary study, focusing on the issue of ingroup representation of the ü
lkü
cü
group. The first study, addressing the problems of stereotype content, stereotype accuracy, and stereotype consensus, was based on in-depth interviewing with twenty members of the ü
lkü
cü
group. It was hypothesized that the group members, when their social identities were salient, would locate the ingroup within a chronic way of looking at the world, namely the perceived context. The accuracy of stereotypes and the stereotype consensus commonly observed among group members depended upon the efficiency of this perceived context as an explanation. Moreover, the favorability of stereotype content also derived heavily from this perceived context. The second study, based on two hundreds ü
lkü
cü
group members, examined the effects of target group (ingroup, close outgroup, distant outgroup), type of attributes (favorable, unfavorable), comparative context (intragroup, intergroup with close outgroup, intergroup with distant outgroup, multigroup), and level of identification with the ingroup (high-identifiers, low-identifiers) on the perceptions of homogeneity. A number of hypotheses were tested and the following results were found: First, group members perceived the ingroup as more positively homogeneous than both the close and the distant outgroup. Moreover, the close outgroup was perceived as more positively homogeneous than the distant outgroup. In fact, the distant outgroup was perceived as negatively homogeneous. Second, group members perceived both the ingroup and the close outgroup as more positively homogeneous in terms of unfavorable attributes than in terms of favorable ones. On the contrary, they tended to perceive the distant outgroup as more negatively homogeneous in terms of favorable attributes than in terms of unfavorable ones. Third, the above perceptions were less accentuated in the intragroup context, while they were more accentuated in the multigroup context. Fourth, the above perceptions were more accentuated for the high-identifiers than for the low-identifiers. Apart from these main effects, a number of complicated interactions were also discovered and these results were discussed with reference to the relevant literature.
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Yildirim, Ozlem. "Chromatin Dynamics in Pluripotency and Differentiation: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2012. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/623.

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Different cell types in multi-cellular organisms heritably maintain different gene expression patterns despite carrying the same genome; a phenomenon termed epigenetics. It is widely believed that the packaging state of the genome, known as chromatin structure, carries epigenetic information. How chromatin states are inherited and how chromatin structure changes during development, moreover how different epigenomes, such as chromatin and DNA modifications communicate with each other during these processes are important questions. Accordingly, understanding the mechanisms that govern pluripotency and differentiation requires details of chromatin dynamics. The major goal of my doctoral thesis was to understand the genome wide view of chromatin dynamics in embryonic stem cells. My studies centered on two aspects of chromatin dynamics in mouse embryonic stem cells—localization and function of two antagonistic chromatin regulators and genome-wide histone variant dynamics. In the first part, we examined the roles of several chromatin regulators whose loss affects the pluripotent state of ES cells. We found that two such regulators, Mbd3 and Brg1, control a large number of genes in ES cells via antagonistic effects on promoter nucleosome occupancy. Moreover, we found that both Mbd3 and Brg1 play key roles in the biology of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), a newly identified DNA modification. Mbd3, which was named by homology to known cytosine methyl binding domains, yet does not bind methylcytosine in vitro, co-localized in ES cells with 5hmC. Furthermore, Mbd3 localization was lost in knockdown cells lacking the major 5mC hydroxylase, Tet1. Our results suggest, contrary to current dogma, that 5hmC is more than just an intermediate in cytosine demethylation pathways, that it may regulate genes via the Mbd3/NuRD complex. Finally, we showed that both Mbd3 and Brg1 are themselves required for normal levels of 5hmC in vivo, identifying a feedback loop between 5hmC and Mbd3. Together, our results identified a possible effector for 5hmC, thereby suggesting a functional role for this DNA modification. Moreover, Brg1 and Mbd3 can now be added to the growing list of regulators with opposite effects on ES cell gene expression, suggesting that pairs of antagonistic chromatin binding proteins may be a common phenomenon in ES cell transcription regulation (Yildirim et al., Cell 2011). The second part of my dissertation concerns the dynamics of several histone variants. Seminal studies in the Henikoff lab showed that certain histone variants are replaced throughout the cell cycle, in contrast to the predominant replication-coupled mode of histone assembly. Work in yeast and flies showed that rapid histone turnover occurs at epigenetically-regulated genomic regions, such as chromatin boundary elements or Polycomb/Trithorax binding sites. Notably, promoter regions of actively transcribed genes exhibit rapid turnover, suggesting that histone turnover may have an important role in gene regulation, as higher histone turnover rate would provide higher probability of DNA element exposure and faster erasure of chromatin marks of the replaced histones. In order to extend such studies to a model for pluripotency and differentiation, we developed a system for measuring histone replacement in mouse ES cells. To be able to carry out turnover experiments in ES cells, we generated stable ES cell lines that can be induced to express epitope-tagged histone variants. Our results confirmed that histone turnover patterns are conserved from yeast to mammals and that turnover profiles are histone variant specific. Murine H3.3 turnover is similar to H3.3 turnover in flies, with peaks at the promoters of highly transcribed genes. MacroH2A2, a variant generally linked to gene repression, had a more complex turnover profile. Surprisingly, we found rapid exchange of macroH2A2 occurring around transcription start sites of a number of highly expressed genes. At poorly expressed genes, on the other hand, macroH2A2 localizes upstream or downstream of transcription start sites and is incorporated slowly, either via slow turnover or via replication-coupled incorporation. Finally, we have used those inducible ES cell lines to generate mice, which will enable future studies on tissue-specific histone replacement in vivo. In summary, my thesis work not only significantly extends our understanding of chromatin regulation in general but also provides a more detailed landscape of chromatin structure and regulation in ES cells. Extending these analyses to differentiating cells and in vivo tissue specific dynamics should provide us with a better understanding not only of cell type specific chromatin organization but also improve our ability to program and re-program genomic landscapes in vitro.
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Luong, Mai X. "Involvement of CDP/Cux in the Regulation of Histone H4 Gene Expression, Proliferation and Differentiation: a Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2003. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/34.

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Proliferation and differentiation are essential processes for the growth and development of higher eukaryotic organisms. Regulation of gene expression is essential for control of cell division and differentiation. Normal eukaryotic cells have a limited proliferative capacity, and ultimately undergo cellular senescence and apoptosis. Terminal differentiation of cells is associated with loss of proliferative capacity and acquisition of specialized functions. Proliferation and differentiation are processes required for the creation and maintenance of diverse tissues both during embryonic development and postnatal life. The cell cycle is the process by which cells reproduce, and requires duplication and segregation of hereditary material. Loss of cell cycle control leads to genetic instability and cancer. Expression of replication-dependent histone genes is tightly coupled to DNA synthesis, thus making histone genes a good model for studying cell cycle regulation. The HiNF-D complex interacts with all five classes (H1, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) of histone genes in a cell cycle-dependent manner. The CCAAT displacement protein (CDP)/Cux and the tumor suppressor pRB are key components of the HiNF-D complex. However, the molecular interactions that enable CDP/Cux and pRB to form a complex and thus convey cell growth regulatory information onto histone gene promoters are poorly understood. Transient transfection assays show that CDP/Cux represses the histone H4 promoter and that the pRB large pocket domain functions with CDP/Cux as a co-repressor. Direct interaction between CDP/Cux C-terminus and the pRB pocket domain was observed in GST pull-down assays. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation assays and immunofluorescence microscopy established that CDP/Cux and pRB form complexes in vivo and associate in situ. pRB interaction and co-repression with CDP/Cux is independent of pRB phosphosphorylation sites, as revealed by GST pull-down assays and transient transfection assays using a series of pRB mutant proteins. Thus, several converging lines of evidence indicate that complexes between CDP/Cux and pRB repress cell cycle-regulated histone gene promoters. CDP/Cux is regulated by phosphorylation and acetylation at the C-terminus, which contains two repressor domains and interacts with histone deacetylase HDAC1. In vivo function of the CDP/Cux C-terminus in development and gene regulation was assessed in genetically targeted mice (Cutl1tm2Ejn, referred to as Cutl1ΔC). The mice express a mutant CDP/Cux protein with a deletion of the C-terminus including the homeodomain. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy showed that the mutant protein exhibited significantly reduced nuclear localization in comparison to the wildtype protein. Consistent with these data, DNA binding activity of HiNF-D was lost in nuclear extracts derived from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) or adult tissues of homozygous mutant (Cutl1 ΔC -/-) mice, indicating the functional loss of CDP/Cux in the nucleus. No significant difference in growth characteristics or total histone H4 mRNA levels was observed between wildtype and Cutl1 ΔC -/- MEFs in culture. However, the histone H4.1 (murine FO108) gene containing CDP/Cux binding sites have reduced expression levels in homozygous mutant MEFs. Stringent control of growth and differentiation appears to be compromised in vivo. Homozygous mutant mice exhibit stunted growth (20-50% weight reduction), a high postnatal death rate of 60-70%, sparse abnormal coat hair and severely reduced fertility. Hair follicle deformities and severely diminished fertility in Cutl1 ΔC -/- mice suggest that CDP/Cux is required for normal development of dermal tissues and reproductive functions. Together the data presented in this dissertation provide new insight into the in vivo functions of CDP/Cux in the regulation of histone gene expression, growth control and differentiation.
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Lengner, Christopher J. "Regulation and Function of Runx2 During Chondrogenic and Osteogenic Differentiation: a Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2004. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/80.

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Members of the Runx family of transcription factors play essential roles in the differentiation and development of several organ systems. Here we address the contribution of the osteoblast-related Runx gene, Runx2, to the osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Using a transgenic mouse model, we observe Runx2 transcription through one of its two known promoters (designated P1 in pre-cartilaginous mesenchymal condensations as early as E9.5. Runx2 gene activity is later repressed at the onset of cartilage formation, both in vivo and in vitro, necessitating examination of the regulation and function of Runx2 in mesenchymal stem cells. We demonstrate that Runx2 gene activity is repressed by the direct interaction of the homeodomain transcription factor Nkx3.2 with the proximal Runx2 P1 promoter. This repression was found to be required for the progression of BMP-induced chondrogenesis, thereby identifying Runx2 as a modulator of BMP activity in the chondrogenic as well as osteogenic differentiation program. To further understand the regulation of the Runx2 P1 promoter and to determine the contribution of P1-derived gene product, Runx2 Type II, to the formation of mineralized tissue, we have generated a Runx2 Type II-LacZ gene replacement mouse model in which the initial coding sequences and splice donor sites of the Type II isoform are replaced with the LacZ reporter gene. Activity of the endogenous P1 promoter can therefore be monitored by β-galactosidase production. Analysis of Runx2 Type II-LacZ mice demonstrates that the P1 promoter is transcriptionally most active in mature osteoblasts, but its product, Runx2 Type II is dispensable for embryonic skeletal formation. Lastly, we examine the link between growth control and osteogenic differentiation by tissue-specific deletion of the Mdm2 proto-oncogene in developing skeletal tissues of the mouse embryo. Loss of Mdm2 results in impaired bone formation, with skeletal elements exhibiting lower bone mineral content and higher porosity. Ex vivo cultures of calvarial osteoprogenitor cells exhibit severely decreased osteoblastogenesis and bone nodule formation accompanied by a failure to activate Runx2 gene activity. These findings suggest that Mdm2 is required for inhibition of p53 activity that ultimately allows for post-confluent proliferation and induction of Runx2 during maturation of the osteogenic phenotype. Taken together, our findings suggest that Runx2 modulates the commitment of progenitor cells to the osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages, and that Runx2 activity is inextricably linked to mechanisms that control cellular proliferation.
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Salma, Nunciada. "Transcriptional Regulation During Adipocyte Differentiation: A Role for SWI/SNF Chromatin Remodeling Enzymes: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2006. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/50.

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Chromatin has a compact organization in which most DNA sequences are structurally inaccessible and functionally inactive. Reconfiguration of thechromatir required to activate transcription. This reconfiguration is achieved by the action of enzymes that covalently modify nucleosomal core histones, and by enzymes that disrupt histone-DNA interactions via ATP hydrolysis. TheSWI/SNF family of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes has been implicated not only in gene activation but also in numerous cellular processes including differentiation, gene repression, cell cycle control, recombination and DNA repair. PPARγ, C/EBPα and C/EBPβ are transcription factors with well established roles in adipogenesis. Ectopical expression of each of these factors in non-adipogenic cells is sufficient to convert them to adipocyte-like cells. To determine the requirements of SWI/SNF enzymes in adipocyte differentiation, we introduced PPARγ, C/EBPα or C/EBPβ into fibroblasts that inducibly express dominant-negative versions of the Brahma-Related Gene 1 (BRG1) or human Brahma (BRM), which are the ATPase subunits of the SWI/SNF enzymes. We found that adipogenesis and expression of adipocyte genes were inhibited in the presence of mutant SWI/SNF enzymes. Additionally, in cells expressing C/EBPα or C/EBPβ, PPARγ expression was SWI/SNF dependent. These data indicate the importance of these remodeling enzymes in both early and late gene activation events. Subsequently, we examined by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay the functional role of SWI/SNF enzymes in the activation of PPARγ2, the master regulator of adipogenesis. Temporal analysis of factors binding to the PPARγ2 promoter showed that SWI/SNF enzymes are required to promote preinitiation complex assembly and function. Additionally, our studies concentrated on the role of C/EBP family members in the activation of early and late genes during adipocyte differentiation. During adipogenesis, C/EBPβ and δ are rapidly and transiently expressed and are involved in the expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα, which together activate the majority of the adipocyte genes. Our studies determined the temporal recruitment of the C/EBP family at the promoters of early and late genes by ChIP assay during adipocyte differentiation. We found that all of the C/EBP members evaluated are present at the promoters of early and late genes, and the binding correlated with the kinetics of the C/EBPs expression. Binding of C/EBPβ and δ is transient, subsequently being replaced by C/EBPα. These studies demonstrated that C/EBPβ and δ are not only involved in the regulation of PPARγ and C/EBPα, but also in the activation of late expressed adipocyte genes.
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Tavares, Daniel Jorge. "Sequences Required for Neurotensin Receptor-1 Gene Expression in N1E-115 Neurosblastoma Cells: Critical Importance of a CACCC Element for Activation During DMSO-Induced Neuronal Differentiation: a Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2000. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/40.

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The promoter sequence of the mouse high affinity neurotensin receptor, Ntr-1, gene was cloned and characterized, sequences required for positive regulation in N1E-115 cells were localized, and at least two different peptides from these cells were shown to make specific contacts within the most potent positive regulatory element. A mouse neuroblastoma cell line, N1E-115, treated with 1.5% DMSO for 72 hours induces gene expression of both endogenous Ntr-l, and reporter constructs driven by the NTR-1 promoter, by 3 - 4 fold. The sequence ofthe NTR-1 promoter has no canonical TATA box, but is GC rich and contains consensus SP1, CACCC, CRE, and initiator elements. These elements are located within a 193 base positive regulatory region required for DMSO responsive activity and contains the transcriptional start site. Detailed mutational analysis of this region revealed that a CACCC box and the central region of a large GC rich palindrome are crucial cis-regulatory elements for DMSO induction. The SP1 element, an NGFI-A-related element, and the 5' end of the positive regulatory region are required for maintaining basal expression in N1E-115 cells. Cell type differences in the cis-regulatory elements that mediate both DMSO induction and maintenance of basal expression are observed. Characterization of proteins in N1E-115 cells that make specific contacts within the CACCC element identified at least two peptides with predicted sizes of 57 kd and 97 kd. Two dimensional UV crosslinking indicates that these proteins might contribute to inducible gel shift complexes that require the CACCC element. Several previously characterized CACCC binding proteins, belonging to the Kruppel-like family of transcription factors, were tested by supershift analysis for their ability to contribute to NTR-1 CACCC complexes. In fact, a protein closely related to SP1 does bind the CACCC element in N1E-115 cells, but of the other Kruppel-like protein tested, only BKLF contributes to a minor complex in N1E-115 cells. These results provide evidence for the complex regulation of Ntr-1 gene expression mediated by the cooperation of several cis-regulatory elements including a CACCC Kruppel-like binding element.
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Young, Daniel W. "Regulation of Cell Growth and Differentiation within the Context of Nuclear Architecture by the Runx2 Transcription Factor: a Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2005. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/19.

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The Runx family of transcription factors performs an essential role in animal development by controlling gene expression programs that mediate cell proliferation, growth and differentiation. The work described in this thesis is concerned with understanding mechanisms by which Runx proteins support this program of gene expression within the architectural context of the mammalian cell nucleus. Multiple aspects of nuclear architecture are influenced by Runx2 proteins including sequence-specific DNA binding at gene regulatory regions, organization of promoter chromatin structure, and higher-order compartmentalization of proteins in nuclear foci. This work provides evidence for several functional activities of Runx2 in relation to architectural parameters of gene. expression for the control of cell growth and differentiation. First, the coordination of SWI/SNF mediated chromatin alterations by Runx2 proteins is found to be a critical component of osteoblast differentiation for skeletal development. Several chromatin modifying enzymes and signaling factors interact with the developmentally essential Runx2 C-terminus. A patent-pending microscopic image analysis strategy invented as part of this thesis work - called intranuclear informatics - has contributed to defining the C-terminal portion of Runx2 as a molecular determinant for the nuclear organization of Runx2 foci and directly links Runx2 function with its organization in the nucleus. Intranuclear informatics also led to the discovery that nuclear organization of Runx2 foci is equivalently restored in progeny cells following mitotic division - a natural perturbation in nuclear structure and function. Additional microscopic studies revealed the sequential and selective reorganization of transcriptional regulators and RNA processing factors during progression of cell division to render progeny cells equivalently competent to support Runx2 mediated gene expression. Molecular studies provide evidence that the Runx proteins have an active role in retaining phenotype by interacting with target gene promoters through sequence-specific DNA binding during cell division to support lineage-specific control of transcriptional programs in progeny cells. Immunolocalization of Runx2 foci on mitotic chromosome spreads revealed several large foci with pairwise symmetry on sister chromatids; these foci co-localize with the RNA polymerase I transcription factor, Upstream Binding Factor (UBFl) at nucleolar organizing regions. A series of experiments were carried out to reveal that Runx2 interacts directly with ribosomal DNA loci in a cell cycle dependent manner; that Runx2 is localized to UBF foci within nucleoli during interphase; that Runx2 attenuates rRNA synthesis; and that this repression of ribosomal gene expression by Runx2 is associated with cell growth inhibition and induction of osteoblast-specific gene expression. This thesis has identified multiple novel mechanisms by which Runx2 proteins function within the hierarchy of nuclear architecture to control cell proliferation, growth and differentiation.
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Wetjen, Morten [Verfasser], Hubert A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Gasteiger, Bastian [Gutachter] Märkisch, Andreas [Gutachter] Hintennach, and Hubert A. [Gutachter] Gasteiger. "Studies on the Differentiation and Quantification of Degradation Phenomena in Silicon-Graphite Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries / Morten Wetjen ; Gutachter: Bastian Märkisch, Andreas Hintennach, Hubert A. Gasteiger ; Betreuer: Hubert A. Gasteiger." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1191897168/34.

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Schiavi, Susan C. "MYC and E1A Oncogenes Alter the Response of PC12 Cells to Nerve Growth Factor and Block Differentiation: A Thesis." eScholarship@UMMS, 1988. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/259.

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PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells respond to nerve growth factor (NGF) by neuronal differentiation and partial growth arrest. Mouse c-myc and adenovirus E1A genes were introduced into PC12 cells to study the influence of these nuclear oncogenes on neuronal differentiation. Expression of myc and E1A blocked morphological differentiation and caused NGF to stimulate rather than inhibit cell proliferation. NGF binding to cell surface receptors, activation of ribosomal S6 kinase, and ornithine decarboxylase induction were similar in myc and E1A expressing clones compared with wild-type PC12 cells, suggesting that changes in the cellular response to NGF were at a post-receptor level. The ability of myc and E1A expression to block the transcription-dependent induction of microtubule associated proteins by NGF further suggested that these genes may inhibit differentiation by interfering with NGP's ability to regulate transcription. These results illustrate that NGF can promote either growth or differentiation of PC12 cells, and that myc or E1A alter the phenotypic responses to growth factors.
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Malhotra, Nidhi. "Distinct Gene Circuits Control the Differentiation of Innate Versus Adaptive IL-17 Producing T Cells: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2012. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/579.

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T lymphocytes are distinguished by the expression of αβ TCR or γδ TCR on their cell surface. The kinetic differences in the effector functions classifies γδ T cells as innate-like lymphocytes and αβ T cells as adaptive lymphocytes. Although distinct, αβ and γδ T cell lineages produce a common array of cytokines to mount an effective immune response against a pathogen. The production of cytokine IL-17 is a shared characteristic between the γδ T (Tγδ17) cells and the CD4 T (Th17) cells. γδ T cells develop into Tγδ17 cells in the thymus whereas CD4 T cells differentiate into Th17 cells in response to antigens in the peripheral lymphoid tissues. γδ T cells exported from the thymus, as pre-made effectors, are the early IL-17 producers compared with the late IL-17 producing Th17 cells. In this thesis we describe how TGFβ-SMAD2 dependent pathway selectively regulates Th17 cell differentiation but not Tγδ17 cells generation. We further illustrate the requirement of WNT-HMG box transcription factor (TF) signaling for the thymic programming of Tγδ17 cells. Cytokine TGFβ in co-operation with IL-6 induces the differentiation of Th17 cells. Conversely, TGFβ signaling also regulates the differentiation and maintenance of CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells. The mechanism by which TGFβ signals synergize with IL-6 to generate inflammatory versus immunosuppressive T cell subsets is unclear. TGFβ signaling activates receptor SMADs, SMAD2 and SMAD3, which associate with a variety of nuclear factors to regulate gene transcription. Defining relative contributions of distinct SMAD molecules for CD4 T cell differentiation is critical for mapping the versatile intracellular TGFβ signaling pathways that tailor TGFβ activities to the state of host interaction with pathogens. We show here that SMAD2 is essential for Th17 cell differentiation and that it acts in part by modulating the expression of IL-6R on T cells. While mice lacking SMAD2 specifically in T cells do not develop spontaneous lymphoproliferative autoimmunity, Smad2-/- T cells are impaired in their response to TGFβ in vitro and in vivo and they are more pathogenic than controls when transferred into lymphopenic mice. These results demonstrate that SMAD2 is essential for TGFβ signaling in CD4+ T effector cell differentiation and that it possesses functional capabilities distinct from SMAD3. Although SMAD2 is essential for the differentiation of Th17 cells, TGFβ signaling via SMAD2 is not required for the thymic programming of innate Tγδ17 cells. Among different γδ T cells, Vγ2+ (V2) γδ T cells are the major IL-17 producing subsets. We demonstrate that Sry-high mobility group (HMG) box TFs regulate the development of V2 Tγδ17 cells. We show that the HMG box TF, SOX13 functions in a positive loop for the intrathymic generation of V2 Tγδ17 cells. SOX13 regulates the programming of Tγδ17 cells by controlling the expression of B-lymphoid kinase (BLK) in developing immature V2 γδ T cells. BLK is an Src-family kinase expressed by all Tγδ17 cells. Furthermore, we show another HMG box TF, TCF1, the nuclear effector of canonical WNT signaling, is the primary negative regulator of IL-17 production by all γδ T cells. We propose that the antagonism of SOX13 and TCF1 determines the generation of IL-17 producing γδ T cells. We also show that extrinsic cues from αβ T cells do not affect the generation of IL-17 producing γδ T cells. Using OP9-DL1 culture system, we demonstrate that the progenitors of V2 Tγδ17 cells are the c-Kit+ early thymic precursors.
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Books on the topic "Phenomena of intergroup differentiation"

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Cell cycle regulation and differentiation in cardiovascular and neural systems. New York: Springer, 2010.

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1942-, Roth Stephen, ed. Molecular approaches to supracellular phenomena. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1990.

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Roth, Stephen. Molecular Approaches to Supracellular Phenomena. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016.

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Multiple Social Categorization. Routledge, 2014.

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Giordano, Antonio, and Umberto Galderisi. Cell Cycle Regulation and Differentiation in Cardiovascular and Neural Systems. Springer, 2014.

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Crisp, Richard. Multiple Social Categorization. Psychology Press, 2006.

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1973-, Crisp Richard J., and Hewstone Miles, eds. Multiple social categorization: Processes, models, and applications. Hove [England]: Psychology Press, 2006.

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1945-, Fukuda Minoru, ed. Cell surface carbohydrates and cell development. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1992.

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The neurobiology of C. elegans. United States: Academic Press, 2006.

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Ma-Kellams, Christine, Julie Spencer-Rodgers, and Kaiping Peng. The Yin and Yang of Attitudes and Related Constructs. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199348541.003.0013.

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Much of the literature has examined how dialectical thinking influences the self, emotions, and well-being. How does dialectical thinking affect valenced evaluations of objects outside of the self? This chapter argues that naive dialecticism shapes the internal consistency, cross-situational consistency, and temporal stability of attitudes and related constructs. It begins with a discussion of how dialecticism leads to greater attitudinal ambivalence or “both-valenced” (positive/negative) evaluations of a wide variety of phenomena. It then examines how dialecticism can explain the cultural variation in ingroup favoring versus ingroup derogating tendencies. The difference between cognitive versus affective components and implicit versus explicit levels emerge as important distinctions in elucidating cultural variation in group-based attitudes. The chapter continues with a discussion of how dialecticism can account for cultural differences in cognitive dissonance, intergroup attitudes and relations, and attitude flexibility and change, and topics for future research are proposed.
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Book chapters on the topic "Phenomena of intergroup differentiation"

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Filin, A., M. Stowe, and R. Kersting. "Time-domain differentiation of terahertz signals." In Ultrafast Phenomena XIII, 283–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59319-2_88.

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Steinitz, Raphael, and Estelle Kunoff. "Diamagnetic Abundance Differentiation in the Solar System." In Astrochemistry of Cosmic Phenomena, 425–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2761-5_103.

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Mucina, L., and D. Brandes. "Communities of Berteroa incana in Europe and their geographical differentiation." In Chorological phenomena in plant communities, 125–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5508-0_13.

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Fernández, Roberto, Jürg Fröhlich, and Alan D. Sokal. "Factorization and differentiation of the weights." In Random Walks, Critical Phenomena, and Triviality in Quantum Field Theory, 213–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02866-7_11.

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Wieckowski, Andrzej B. "Numerical Narrowing of EPR Spectra by Differentiation with Smoothing." In 25th Congress Ampere on Magnetic Resonance and Related Phenomena, 227–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76072-3_119.

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Moravec, J. "Chorological and ecological phenomena in the differentiation and distribution of the Fagion associations in Bohemia and Moravia (Czechoslovakia)." In Chorological phenomena in plant communities, 39–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5508-0_5.

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"Intergroup Differentiation." In Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 2328. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_301354.

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Crisp, Richard J. "5. Intergroup relations." In Social Psychology: A Very Short Introduction, 78–95. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198715511.003.0005.

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‘Intergroup relations’ considers a range of theories that encompass the perceived relationships between the individual, their own group, and other groups, and that provide a range of psychological approaches for preventing prejudice, intolerance, and conflict, and for promoting more positive intergroup relations. Theories include the minimal group paradigm, the mere categorization effect, the category differentiation model, social identity theory, the common ingroup identity model, and the contact hypothesis, which proposed that contact would only decrease conflict under certain conditions such as when contact takes the form of a cooperative interaction. Experiencing pro-social behaviour promotes a more positive pro-social orientation for the individual in general.
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Boettiger, David. "2. Role of Oncogenes in Differentiation." In Molecular Approaches to Supracellular Phenomena, edited by Stephen Roth. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.9783/9781512806441-003.

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Smith, Eliot R., and Diane M. Mackie. "It’s about time: Intergroup emotions as time-dependent phenomena." In Social Identities, 173–88. Psychology Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203002971-9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Phenomena of intergroup differentiation"

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Filin, A., M. Stowe, and R. Kersting. "Time-domain Differentiation of Terahertz Signals." In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.2002.me36.

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"A Comparative Study of Value Co-creation Models in the Context of Differentiation." In 2020 International Conference on Social Sciences and Social Phenomena. Scholar Publishing Group, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38007/proceedings.0001108.

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Garra, Roberto, Federico Polito, and Enzo Orsingher. "Fractional Klein-Gordon equation for linear dispersive phenomena: Analytical methods and applications." In 2014 International Conference on Fractional Differentiation and its Applications (ICFDA). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icfda.2014.6967381.

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Abdel-Sayed, Philippe, Arne Vogel, and Dominique P. Pioletti. "Dissipation Can Act as a Mechanobiological Signal in Cartilage Differentiation." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62268.

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Knee cartilage is a soft tissue having viscoelastic properties. Under cyclic loadings, viscoelastic materials dissipate mechanical loadings through heat generation. In knee cartilage, this heat might not be convected because of the tissue avascularity, resulting thus to a local temperature increase. As cells are sensitive to temperature, these thermo-mechanical phenomena of energy dissipation could influence their metabolism. The goal of this study is to evaluate the effect of thermogenesis on chondrogenic differentiation. First, we focused our work in quantifying the heat generated in cartilage as a result to deformation. On a cellular level, the effect of thermal alterations on cell metabolism was assessed looking at the gene expression of transcription factors involved in chondrogenesis. Hence, human chondro-progenitor cells were cultured at 33°C and 37°C for 48 h and 96 h. An up-regulation in mRNA expression levels of Sox9 and its co-activator PGC-1α has been observed. These results point to a thermal contribution to chondrogenic gene expression.
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Holberg, Olav. "Computational aspects of the choice of operator and sampling interval for numerical differentiation in large-scale simulation of wave phenomena." In 1985 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts. SEG, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1892828.

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Rasponi, Marco, Francesco Piraino, Nicola Cagol, Matteo Moretti, Gianfranco B. Fiore, and Alberto Redaelli. "Development of a Microfluidic Device Embedding High-Conductivity Flexible Electrodes for Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Stimulations." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80658.

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Successful treatment of cardiovascular diseases has so far been limited by the lack of suitable autologous tissue to restore injured tissues. Currently, a novel encouraging frontier for such treatment is represented by tissue engineering [1]. Although traditional bioreactors for cardiac tissue engineering, based on a classical macro-scale approach, are widely used, research for identifying effective stimulation patterns has not lead to robust results yet. In this sense, the phenomena driving cell growth and differentiation become more addressable in reduced-scale systems, and microfluidics represents a valid alternative approach to overcome traditional bioreactors limitations. In order to favor the differentiation paths, recently developed microfluidic bioreactors tend to increase the control within cell culture chambers by coupling mechanical, electrical, thermical or optical effects. In particular, stem cell differentiation into cardiomyocytes seems to draw beneficial effects from electrical and mechanical stimulations [2]. This work introduces a simple method of embedding conductive and flexible material within microfluidic devices as a means to realize microscale bioreactors for cell electro-mechanical stimulation. Thanks to the proposed technology, high conductivity three-dimensional (3D) electrodes can be simply realized.
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Nemoto, Eiji, and Tomohiro Saitoh. "Experimental Research of Boiling Heat Transfer Phenomena on Metal Surface in State of Low Gravitational Acceleration Field Between 0g and 1g." In ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajtec2011-44065.

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The paper deals with the characteristics of boiling heat transfer phenomena on the metal surfaces where gravitational acceleration between 0g and 1g acts. To conduct the experiment in the field where the gravitational acceleration between 1g and 0g acted accurately, we produced the Atwood machine that was able to obtain the fixed gravitational acceleration field known by physics well. The metallic materials used by the experiment were brass, stainless steel, aluminum, copper and these materials were processed to 10mm in the diameter, and we put these samples in liquid nitrogen and experimented on the boiling phenomenon. As a result, it has been understood that there is the feature shown next in boiling heat transfer phenomena on the metal surface in gravitational acceleration field between 0g and 1g. (1) When brass, copper, stainless steel, and aluminum of the sample were put in the liquid nitrogen, the temperature differentiation coefficient on the sample surface showed the tendency to decrease in proportion to gravitational acceleration changed from 1g into 0g. (2) In boiling heat flux curve in these metals (brass, stainless steel, aluminum and copper), it was clarified for gravitational acceleration 1g to indicate maximum heat flux value qmax.
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Jang, G. H., S. H. Lee, and H. W. Kim. "Dynamic Coefficients of the Coupled Journal and Thrust Bearings Considering Five Degrees of Freedom for a General Rotor-Bearing System." In ASME/STLE 2007 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2007-44223.

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This paper proposes a method to calculate the stiffness and the damping coefficients of the coupled journal and thrust bearings considering tilting motion. The Reynolds equations and their perturbation equations are derived by linearization of bearing reaction with respect to the general five degrees of freedom, i.e. the tilting displacement and angular velocity as well as the translational displacement and velocity. Reynolds equations and their perturbation equations are transformed to the finite element equations by considering the continuity of pressure and flow at the interface between the journal and the thrust bearings. It also includes the Reynolds boundary condition in the numerical analysis to simulate the cavitation phenomena. The stiffness and the damping coefficients of the proposed method are compared with those of the numerical differentiation of the loads with respect to finite displacements and velocities of bearing center. It shows that the proposed method can calculate the dynamic coefficients of a coupled journal and thrust bearing more accurately and efficiently than the differentiation method.
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Knop, Michael, Marius Mueller, Henrik Freude, Caroline Ressing, and Bjoern Niehaves. "Perceived limitations of telemedicine from a phenomenological perspective." In Enabling Technology for a Sustainable Society. University of Maribor Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-362-3.9.

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In the course of healthcare digitization, the roles of therapists and patients are likely to change. To shape a theoretical based process of technological transformation, a phenomenological perspective on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is introduced. Therefore, this paper illustrates the benefit of a holistic view on patients and therapists to describe and explain phenomena concerning Human Technology Interaction (HTI). The differentiation between a measurable objective body and a habitual subjective body helps to evaluate and anticipate constituting factors of accepting telemedicine systems. Taking into account findings from a secondary analysis of semi-structured interviews we conducted with primary care physicians, we develop a phenomenological framework for HTI in healthcare. Our aim is to structure future research concerning design implications for ICT and the implementation of telemedicine systems in clinical and primary care.
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Mutou, A., S. Mizuki, Y. Komatsubara, and H. Tsujita. "Behavior of Attractors During Surge in Centrifugal Compression System." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-301.

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A dynamical system analysis method is presented, that permits the characterization of unsteady phenomena in a centrifugal compression system. The method maps one experimental time series of data into a state space in which behaviors of the compression system should be represented, and reconstructs an attractor that geometrically characterizes a state of the compression system. The time series of data were obtained by using a high response pressure transducer and an analog to digital converter at surge condition. For the reconstruction of attractors, a noise free differentiation method in time was employed. The differentiation was made by high order finite difference methods. To remove the influence of noise, the data were passed through a filter using a third order spline interpolation. In this study, the dimension of the state space was restricted to three. The measured data itself and their first and second derivatives in time are used to represent an attractor in the state space. The modeling of the system behavior from the time series of data by second order ordinary differential equations was attempted. It is assumed that the data and their derivatives satisfy the equations at each time. Then, appropriate coefficients are determined by a least square method. The reconstructed attractor showed complex cyclic trajectories at a first glance. However, by applying a band pass filter to the original signal, it was found that the attractor consisted of three independent wave forms and formed an attractor with torus-like behavior. In contrast, the solution by the modeled equations showed a type of limit cycle.
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