Academic literature on the topic 'Phenomenon of IKEA'

Abstract:The article has sought to clarify the phenomenon of constitutional transfer through an analysis of the introduction and implementation of the individual complaint procedure in Turkey. Individual access to constitutional courts has recently attained prominence as an effective tool of human rights protection and it is viewed as an example of the broader phenomenon of transfer of constitutional ideas from a point of origin to a new host environment. Critically applying the IKEA theory of constitutional transfer to the Turkish experience of the individual application to the Constitutional Court, we argue that the transfer process involves more than a simple interaction between the promoter and the importer, both of whom have converging as well as diverging expectations. The Turkish experience has proved a useful case to demonstrate the dynamic and multifaceted nature of the process of constitutional transfers. The Venice Commission, the European Court of Human Rights, the Turkish Constitutional Court and the Turkish Government all have important stakes in the success of the transfer to realise their own policy objectives.

Purpose: The article sought to answer research questions regarding investigated branded content generated by players in simulation video games. How does the process work in video games? What are the characteristics of branded user-generated content in video games? To what extent players are willing to participate in branded content creation? Methodology: I conducted 20 in-depth interviews among Polish players, with the application of snowball sampling. The study participants were adult users of chosen simulation video games: The Sims, Second Life, and Euro Truck Simulator 2. Findings: We can distinguish content based on game mechanism, official add-ons, or game modding. Players frequently check some brands from a set offered by game developers and create content (e.g. in The Sims users can design house interiors with IKEA furniture). Some players are not satisfied by what a game offers and generate content based on modding (e.g. DHL trucks or McDonald’s restaurants inside the Euro Truck Simulator 2). In this respect, the article refers to Smith’s, Fischer’s, and Yongjian’s content dimensions. Branded game modifications described by respondents are characterized by a high level of similarity towards real brands and positive brand sentiment (valence). I noted no statement about player and marketer (brand) communication in gathered material. The biggest challenge for practitioners in the field of UGC in video games is how to manage brand messages. Practical Implications: Brand-related user-generated content is an important phenomenon in terms of the brand-building process and its impact on brand reception, which all require marketers’ attention. For game developers, such a content is a source of information about customer expectations. Players show their personal expectations by game modding. Originality/Value: Brand-related content generated by users is frequently associated with social media. The scholarship shows a lack of knowledge of branded user-generated content in video games.

1. Activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in caudal nucleus tractus solitarii (cNTS) neurons elicited endogenous rhythmic activities. We used an in vitro brain stem slice preparation to determine the ionic mechanisms underlying the generation of these activities. 2. Using intracellular recordings, we found several ionic conductances to be responsible for the electrophysiological properties of cNTS neurons. After addition of tetrodotoxin (TTX) to the perfusate, cNTS neurons were still able to generate action potentials (APs). Because these APs were suppressed by the addition of cobalt or by the reduction of calcium, they were likely due to calcium currents (ICa). In addition, the amplitude of the afterhyperpolarization (AHP) that followed a train of TTX-resistant APs was reduced in both low-calcium and cobalt-containing saline. It was therefore suggested that calcium-activated potassium (IKCa) currents were involved in the AHP. Accordingly, application of apamin, a blocker of slow IKCa, also decreased the AHP. cNTS neurons exhibited a delayed excitation phenomenon, characterized by a ramplike depolarization that delayed the onset of neuronal firing, when they were depolarized from hyperpolarizing potential. The underlying current was presumed to be an A-current (IKA), because this phenomenon was suppressed during application of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP). 3. Application of NMDA elicited different types of discharge patterns in cNTS neurons: a repetitive firing at depolarized levels of membrane potential (above -60 mV) and rhythmic patterns characterized by either rhythmic bursting or rhythmic single discharges at hyperpolarized levels (within membrane potential range of -60 to -85 mV). In all neurons, rhythmic patterns were superimposed on oscillations of membrane potential. They were characterized by a sudden shift of membrane potential, followed by a ramp-shaped phase of depolarization that preceded spike elicitation. Addition of TTX to the saline did not suppress NMDA-induced oscillations. Therefore rhythmic patterns were not driven by synaptic mechanisms but resulted from endogenous properties of cNTS neurons. 4. APs superimposed on NMDA-induced depolarizations presented the same characteristics as those elicited by positive current pulses. NMDA-elicited oscillations of membrane potential were eliminated by removing magnesium from the saline. Therefore oscillation generation was based primarily on the NMDA channel properties. 5. Intrinsic conductances of cNTS neurons interacted with NMDA-gated conductances to shape the depolarization waveform. Because removal of calcium from the saline suppressed endogenous oscillations, ICa currents were required for the expression of rhythmic activities. IKCa currents were involved in the repolarization phase of oscillations because apamin increased the duration of the oscillations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

In the present contribution, an asymmetric central contraction mutation (ACCM) model is proposed to enhance the Ikeda time delay system. The modified Ikeda system model is designed by introducing a superimposed tanh function term into the sine nonlinearity term. Stability and Hopf bifurcation characteristics of the system are analyzed theoretically. Numerical simulations, carried out in terms of bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponents spectrum, phase portraits, and two-parameter (2D) largest Lyapunov exponent diagrams are employed to highlight the complex dynamical behaviors exhibited by the enhanced system. The results indicate that the modified system has rich dynamical behaviors including limit cycle, multiscroll hyperchaos, chaos, and hyperchaos. Moreover, as a major outcome of this paper, considering the fragile chaos phenomenon, the ACCM-Ikeda time delay system has better dynamical complexity and larger connected chaotic parameter spaces (connectedness means that there is no stripe corresponding to nonchaotic dynamics embedded in the chaos regions).

The phenomenon of post-truth appears, in which a view believed to be true is inverted and made contradictory as a new form of truth. This phenomenon appears to occur in several countries such as the United States, North Korea, the Philippines and also Indonesia. This can be seen from various actions carried out by radical organizations that question the values of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika with the desire to change these values by referring to religious values. This activity is increasingly growing in terms of followers, and further builds up on the blasphemy case accusations towards former Jakarta Governor, Basuki Tjahaja Purnama.This research focuses on how the social media has an influence in expanding the spread of hoaxes and hate speech as an effort to destabilize the values of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika. Information and data were obtained from interviews with mass organizations often labeled radical, non-governmental organizations and social observers.The results of this study confirm the need for capacity building both in the form of media literacy and also the socialization of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika values through social institutions and the Government. This is intended to create strong social capital, especially in fostering a sense of trust in the context of a pluralist society in Indonesia.Keywords: Post truth, Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, Social Media, Social Capital, Trust.

Dwight Eisenhower's farewell address continues to resonate, beyond this admirable special edition of Enterprise & Society. The term he employed to describe the influence of corporations and financial interests over national defense policy, the “military–industrial complex,” usefully summarized phenomenon of his time. It also depicts an ongoing and arguably even structural phenomenon within contemporary American society. Ike would therefore appear in retrospect one part keen observer, another prophet. As the articles in this forum collectively suggest, the ideas embedded within his now-famous phrase continue to frame contemporary scholarship fifty years after his final Oval Office speech, though with a far narrower lens than Ike envisioned, and with less dire societal results than he feared. The military–industrial complex is both more real, and less frightening, than he foretold. At least, so far.

Writer’s Block is a psychiatric phenomenon experienced by writers in the form of a deadlock when writing because of certain obstacles. This study discusses the writer’s block that the female protagonist experienced in the metropop novel The Architecture of Love by Ika Natassa. Data was collected by the documentation study technique and reviewed with a literary psychology approach. The theoretical foundation used is the theory of Bergler, Singer Barrios. The research problems formulated are how the writer’s block phenomenon is displayed in the novel The Architecture of Love, and how the narrative elements in the work support the themes presented by the author. The results showed that the writer’s block phenomenon experienced by the main character was especially caused by unhappiness that is manifested in the form of apathy, anger, anxiety, and problems with other people (ex-husband). Because the writer’s block is a psychological symptom, in this novel, the disorder can be overcome with therapy in the form of relaxation and establishing relationships with new people. As a romance-themed novel, the metropolitan novel The Architecture of Love is built by narrative elements that support the writer’s block theme.

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengungkap fenomena campur kode di dalam novel Antologi Rasa karya Ika Natassa dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan pendekatan sosiolinguistik. Kerangka konsep penelitian ini dilandasi oleh referensi teoretis yang mengaitkan sosiolinguistik, bilingualisme-plurilingualisme, dan alih kode-campur kode. Dari data yang dikumpulkan, terdapat wujud campur kode berupa (1) penyisipan kata yang kemudian dibagi atas kelas kata, yaitu nomina, adjektiva, konjungsi, dan interjeksi, (2) penyisipan frasa berupa frasa nominal, frasa preposisional, dan frasa adjektival, (3) penyisipan baster, (4) penyisipan klausa, dan (5) penyisipan idiom. Penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa para tokoh dan narator di dalam novel Antologi Rasa, yaitu: Keara, Harris, dan Ruly, ditampilkan sebagai sosok-sosok muda metropolitan bilingual yang secara aktif dan konsisten menggunakan kombinasi bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Inggris untuk berkomunikasi. Para tokoh, terutama Keara dan Harris, tampak sangat leluasa mempraktikkan campur kode, baik saat berbicara dengan tokoh-tokoh lain, maupun ketika bertutur di dalam hati. Penggunaan campur kode dapat dianggap menunjang kategorisasi dan labelisasi novel Antologi Rasa sebagai sebuah karya metropolitan-populer (metropop).This research was conducted to uncover the phenomenon of code mixing in the Ika Natassa’s novel of Antologi Rasa by using descriptive qualitative method and sociolinguistic approach. The frame of research concept is based on theoretical references that relate sociolinguistics, bilingualism-plurilingualism, with code-mixed-code switching. From the data collected, there are mixed codes in the form of (1) word insertion which is then divided into word classes, namely nouns, adjectives, conjunctions, and interjections, (2) insertion of phrases in nominal phrases, prepositional phrases, and adjunctival phrases, (3) baster insertion, (4) clause insertion, and (5) idiom insertion. The research also shows that the characters and narrators in the novel of Antologi Rasa, namely: Keara, Harris, and Ruly, are shown as bilingual metropolitan young figures who actively and consistently use a combination of Indonesian and English to communicate. The characters, especially Keara and Harris, seem very free to practice code mixing, both when talking to other characters and speaking inwardly. The use of mixed code can be considered to support the categorization and labeling of the Antologi Rasa novel as a popular metropolitan work.

10106 Background: In unstimulated cells, NF-kB transcription factor is sequestered in the cytoplasm as an inactive p65/p50 dimer through interaction with a member of the inhibitor of kB protein family (IkBa). Prominent constitutive activation of NF-kB was observed in prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines lacking androgen receptor (AR) expression (PC3 and DU145) whereas only very low levels of NF-kB activity were seen in androgen-dependent cell lines (LNCaP and CWR22Rv1). As IkB kinase-e (IKKe) has recently been shown to be controlled by NF-kB, we hypothesize that IKKe may be involved in PCa progression based on its interaction with the NF-kB protein, and that these interactions are influenced by AR signaling. Methods: LNCaP cells were used to study IKKe expression with or without stimulation by the analog of androgen R1881 and by the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a. IKKe protein and RNA expression were characterized by immunoblot assay and quantitative PCR, respectively. IKKe expression was then correlated with p65 nuclear localisation. NF-kB activity was inhibited using an IkBa dominant negative construction. Inhibition of AR synthesis was performed using a siRNA against AR. Results: IKKe gene expression was stimulated by TNF-a treatment in LNCaP cells and inhibited by transfection of a dominant negative form of IkBa which prevented the nuclear translocation of p65. We also observed constitutive IKKe expression in hormone-refractory cells. Furthermore, we showed that TNF-a-induced IKKe expression is inhibited by R1881 in hormone-responsive PCa cells and this inhibition was correlated with the modulation of IkBa expression by R1881. Finally, we observed that the expression of IKKe is constitutively induced after blocking AR expression in LNCaP cells. Conclusions:. Our results show that IKKe expression is regulated by NF-kB in PCa cell lines. Moreover, IKKe appears to be down-regulated by ligand-dependent AR signaling through the control of IkBa expression. Further studies will be needed in order to determine the implications of this phenomenon with regard to NF-kB regulation, androgen resistance and effect on PCa progression. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

The most important moment of whole project is the change of the status. Creation of unique sarcophagus for an object of mass-production - one of many globally manufactured objects become a part of a unique, authentic object and authorship. Transformation of one of the mass-product to the skeleton of author's object. Mass-product gives dimensions to the original object - it is directing process of creation. By creating its own unique case the object of mass-production is finally closer to human scale: one piece of furniture vs. one carpenter.

Forest Stewardship council (FSC) is a good example of a civil regulated environmental labelling-initiative. It is also an arena for different organisations interesting in sustainable forestry to work and handle forestry issues. FSC has allowed many private initiatives to move ahead of poor national and international environmental legislation. Instead they have turned towards the market with consumer pressure and in co-operation with companies. The sustainable forestry initiative has become a part of organisations’ ‘Environmental Responsibility’ which is a part of their ‘Corporate Social Responsibility’ (CSR) work. The aim of my thesis is to describe the phenomenon of FSC, both practically and theoretically, from a stakeholder approach. I have picked out two companies which are heavily involved in the FSC practice, IKEA and Sveaskog. The two companies are important players in shaping and developing FSC. The different practices are handled as two separate case-studies. A third case-study explores FSC both on national and international basis. The following research question will be answered: From a stakeholder view, how does FSC works in practice? To describe these three forestry practices is a contribution in itself. I will also use an analysing tool inspired by stakeholder theory to make the studies’ stakeholder partnerships as clear as possible. With the knowledge exposed in answering the first question I will further ask: Can stakeholder partnerships in a civil regulated environmental practice, create sustainability? Kemp’s (2005) five dimensions for sustainability improve the understanding. Every dimension will be followed by an interpretation from my forestry practice in the previous chapter. Both IKEA and Sveaskog drives an ambitious work to create sustainable business, which will be analysed through an ethical-, social-, nature-philosophic-, economic- and legal perspective of the sustainability concept.

The thesis is analysed by an explorative methodological approach with qualitative data, since it best can encapsulate the essence of the complexity which constitutes the answers to the research questions. Each case study will be described in separate texts which make up multiple realities mentally constructed by ourselves.

The analysis shows, both for Sveaskog and IKEA, that stakeholder partnerships generate a number of things. The partnerships generate constructive interaction where new and experienced ideas are born; obligations, processes and responsibilities for their stakeholder engagement; and environmental and social benefits in terms of FSC and other civil regulations and what environmental and social benefits the work leads to. But my description and analysis of the practice and the stakeholder analysis do not answer the general question of the thesis: Can stakeholder partnerships create sustainability?

When going through the critical voices from the five dimensions of sustainability, the task of creating sustainability seems to be impossible. I have confronted the five dimensions with environmental and social responsibility practice in Sveaskog and IKEA, and found substantial efforts in each and every dimension of sustainability. This practical work seems hopeful, whether there is sustainability or not, a serious ambition and extensive goals sometimes makes a difference.

Forest Stewardship council (FSC) is a good example of a civil regulated environmental labelling-initiative. It is also an arena for different organisations interesting in sustainable forestry to work and handle forestry issues. FSC has allowed many private initiatives to move ahead of poor national and international environmental legislation. Instead they have turned towards the market with consumer pressure and in co-operation with companies. The sustainable forestry initiative has become a part of organisations’ ‘Environmental Responsibility’ which is a part of their ‘Corporate Social Responsibility’ (CSR) work. The aim of my thesis is to describe the phenomenon of FSC, both practically and theoretically, from a stakeholder approach. I have picked out two companies which are heavily involved in the FSC practice, IKEA and Sveaskog. The two companies are important players in shaping and developing FSC. The different practices are handled as two separate case-studies. A third case-study explores FSC both on national and international basis. The following research question will be answered: From a stakeholder view, how does FSC works in practice? To describe these three forestry practices is a contribution in itself. I will also use an analysing tool inspired by stakeholder theory to make the studies’ stakeholder partnerships as clear as possible. With the knowledge exposed in answering the first question I will further ask: Can stakeholder partnerships in a civil regulated environmental practice, create sustainability? Kemp’s (2005) five dimensions for sustainability improve the understanding. Every dimension will be followed by an interpretation from my forestry practice in the previous chapter. Both IKEA and Sveaskog drives an ambitious work to create sustainable business, which will be analysed through an ethical-, social-, nature-philosophic-, economic- and legal perspective of the sustainability concept.

The thesis is analysed by an explorative methodological approach with qualitative data, since it best can encapsulate the essence of the complexity which constitutes the answers to the research questions. Each case study will be described in separate texts which make up multiple realities mentally constructed by ourselves.

The analysis shows, both for Sveaskog and IKEA, that stakeholder partnerships generate a number of things. The partnerships generate constructive interaction where new and experienced ideas are born; obligations, processes and responsibilities for their stakeholder engagement; and environmental and social benefits in terms of FSC and other civil regulations and what environmental and social benefits the work leads to. But my description and analysis of the practice and the stakeholder analysis do not answer the general question of the thesis: Can stakeholder partnerships create sustainability?

When going through the critical voices from the five dimensions of sustainability, the task of creating sustainability seems to be impossible. I have confronted the five dimensions with environmental and social responsibility practice in Sveaskog and IKEA, and found substantial efforts in each and every dimension of sustainability. This practical work seems hopeful, whether there is sustainability or not, a serious ambition and extensive goals sometimes makes a difference.

The emergence and acceptance of social media have become a crucial aspect of daily lives in the worldwide population. As a result of this phenomenon, it is not surprising that customers’ buying patterns exhibit continuous change. For capturing the experience of consumers during their visit to a retail store, previous studies have proposed in-store customer experience (ISCX) scale from data captured through traditional methods like survey research. Accordingly, ISCX is conceived as a subjective internal response to and interaction with the physical retail environment. The present study builds upon prior research and we take the concept of ISCX with the purpose of developing an automated model for capturing ISCX from data collected through a social network like Facebook. This approach offers a low-cost, real-time alternative to traditional elicitation methods. We gathered data from English written contents by Facebook users and collected approximately 1,6 million comments made in public sites belonging to 50 companies worldwide (e.g. Clothing and jewelry retailers, whole Box and electronics Stores), including IKEA, Samsung, Whole Foods, Walmart, Tiffany, Victoria Secret, and Dillards. Five reviewers manually checked the messages filtered by the automated model, resulting in a high accuracy, confirming the high effectiveness of the model in classifying Facebook written messages. Keywords: Customer Experience; Machine Learning; Data Classification; Text Mining.

New concepts are currently being discussed for passive residual-heat removal with heat pipes from spent-fuel pools and wet-storage facilities. Because of their high heat-transport capability and their simple design, two-phase closed thermosiphons have a great potential to satisfy the demands of a reliable and independent passive heat removal. The geometry of spent-fuel pools and the potential incorporation into existing plants requires thermosiphons of at least 10 m in length including bends. Such thermosiphons are neither available nor have they been investigated yet. Therefore, experimental and numerical investigations are being carried out. At IKE the basic operational behavior of 10-m-long thermosiphons with water — as working fluid — are being experimentally investigated. Measurements for different pipe diameters (32 mm and 45 mm) are performed at various heat sink temperatures (10 °C, 20 °C and 30 °C), heat inputs (1000 W to 4000 W), and filling ratios (50%, 70% and 100%). GRS is developing codes, such as AC2, in order to simulate all relevant phenomena within a nuclear power plant during normal operation, incidents, accidents, and severe accidents. Regarding passive residual-heat removal with thermosiphons, the models of AC2 are being improved to properly simulate the thermos-hydraulics of this heat transfer process. Starting with the module ATHLET (Analysis of Thermal-hydraulic of Leaks and Transients), the applicability of its existing models is checked for modeling long thermosiphons and calculating their operational behavior. The main model improvements are being validated against the new experiments of IKE.