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Abid, Mahmud. "Investigation of orange peel phenomenon related to powder deterioration and relevant process parameters." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2009. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54826/.
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PA3200 is a material developed by EOS GmbH and is a mixture of PA2200 polyamide powder and glass beads. PA3200 is used to produce sintered parts via a rapid prototyping process known as Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) or simply Laser Sintering (LS). This thesis reports on an experimental investigation based upon a commercially available LS machine (a Sinterstation 2500 HiQ from 3D Systems Inc) into how heat and the glass content affect the material. The main aim of the research was to determine the ranges of process parameters and ratios of glass/polyamide and used/virgin materials needed to produce good quality parts, i.e. parts that are dense and geometrically accurate and do not display a rough orange-peel-like surface. The thesis presents the design of experiments, the experimental procedure adopted and the results of the tests conducted. The latter included assessments of the thermal and flow properties of the material via Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Melt Flow Rate (MFR) measurements, a study of the crystallisation behaviour of powder using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) to evaluate changes in molecular weights and visual examination of the microstructure of the sintered parts via optical microscopy. The experimental work involved controlling parameters such as the laser power, laser speed, scan spacing, layer thickness and part bed temperature. The results obtained confirm that the melt viscosity of the material increases with the glass content and decreases with temperature. Also, as expected, exposing the material to elevated temperatures causes it to deteriorate and increasing the proportion of recycled material (that has been exposed to high temperatures) adds to the risk of producing parts with an orange-peel like surface. The thesis derives empirically-based recommendations for the minimum MFR value, the maximum glass/polyamide mass ratio and the maximum recycled/virgin materials ratio to ensure the production of parts not affected by the orange peel problem.
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Burnham, Maria Noelle. "Establishing Normal Psychoacoustic Parameters Using Adaptive Procedures for the Clinical Assessment of Psychoacoustic Phenomenon." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8835.
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Masking Level Difference (MLD) tests are an established component of auditory processing test batteries; however, normative data for these tests vary according to procedure. In this study, forty normal, native-English speaking adults between the ages of 18 and 26 were tested for MLD via a newly developed computer software program using both an adaptive procedure (MLDA) and a Bekesy procedure (MLDB). The results from the two procedures were analyzed for sex differences and compared with each other. For both the MLDA and MLDB, the results showed statistically significant sex differences in the masked thresholds used to obtain the MLD (NoSo and NoSπ), but no significant difference in the calculated MLD value (NoSo - NoSπ). These results suggest that since the MLD was similar for both sexes, the normative data need not be reported separately by sex. The results also showed statistically significant differences between procedures, with the MLDA procedure producing higher MLDs than the MLDB procedure. The MLDA procedure lent itself to a d´ analysis, which could not be determined using MLDB due to the nature of a Bekesy assessment. For MLDA, d´ = 1.4, test sensitivity = 96.4%, and test specificity = 60.3%. The results of this study indicate that MLDA is a better testing procedure due to MLDA’s higher MLD average and the statistical data available (d´, and measures of sensitivity and specificity) when using the MLDA procedure.
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Daftardar, Saloni B. "Ultrasound-mediated Topical Delivery of Econazole nitrate for Treating Raynaud’s Phenomenon." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1501501075880616.
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Souza, Bruno Saturnino de [UNESP]. "Exercício resistido no tratamento e prevenção de osteopenia de ratos machos jovens." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132885.
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Previous issue date: 2015-12-18<br>Não recebi financiamento<br>A estrutura óssea do ser humano bem como o processo de consolidação óssea são alvos de estudos constantes em todo o mundo. Fraturas e lesões são consequências da fragilidade óssea, normalmente causadas pela osteoporose, um grave problema de saúde pública. Estudos mostram que essa fragilidade pode ser atenuada pela atividade física regular e treinamento de força. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar a eficácia do exercício físico resistido frente a osteopenia induzida em ratos que permaneceram com ausência de carga em seus membros pélvicos. O modelo foi o de suspensão da cauda em ratos. Estes foram distribuídos em quatro grupos: C, controle, com período experimental em gaiola; S, suspenso por 21 dias e colocados em solo por mais 21 dias; E, submetido a exercício em escada durante 21 dias e, depois, mantido em solo por mais 21 dias e SE, suspenso por 21 dias e depois submetido a exercício em escada durante 21 dias. Foram realizadas análise de densitometria óssea e ensaio mecânico na tíbia dos animais para avaliar a qualidade do tecido ósseo após o período experimental. Pelos resultados, foi possível observar que o exercício físico com carga e intensidade adequada resulta em aumento da rigidez, força máxima, densidade mineral óssea e conteúdo mineral ósseo caracterizando uma recuperação da qualidade do osso proporcionada pelo exercício físico. Desta forma, conclui-se que o exercício físico com carga resistida e intensidade adequada resulta em remodelação óssea positiva frente a suspenção pela cauda, que por sua vez induz a fragilidade óssea semelhante a osteopenia, sendo eficaz no tratamento e prevenção dessa enfermidade.<br>The bone structure of the human being and the bone healing process are constant targets of studies worldwide. Fractures and injuries are consequences of bone frailty, usually caused by osteoporosis, a serious public health problem. Studies have shown that regular physical activity and strength training can mitigate this weakness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the resistance exercise against osteopenia induced in rats that remained with no load on their hind limbs. The suspension model used was the rat’s tail model suspension. These rats were divided into four groups: C, control, with trial cage; S, suspended for 21 days and placed in soil for 21 days; E subjected to exercise ladder for 21 days and then kept in the soil for 21 days, and SE suspended for 21 days and then subjected to exercise ladder for 21 days. Bone densitometry analysis and mechanical testing in the tibia of the animals were realized to verify the quality of bone tissue after the trial period. It was possible to observe in the results that the exercise load and proper intensity results in increased rigidity, maximum strength, bone mineral density and bone mineral content featuring a recovery of bone quality provided by exercise. In this way, it was concluded that physical exercise with appropriate intensity and repeated load results in a positive bone remodeling before the suspension by the tail, which in turn induces a similar bone fragility osteoporosis, being effective in the treatment and prevention of this disease.
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Matricardi, David. "The role of paved surfaces in the Urban Heat Island phenomenon: Assessment of fundamental thermal parameters and finite element analysis for UHI mitigation." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8113/.
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Nowadays the environmental issues and the climatic change play fundamental roles in the design of urban spaces. Our cities are growing in size, many times only following immediate needs without a long-term vision. Consequently, the sustainable development has become not only an ethical but also a strategic need: we can no longer afford an uncontrolled urban expansion. One serious effect of the territory industrialisation process is the increase of urban air and surfaces temperatures compared to the outlying rural surroundings. This difference in temperature is what constitutes an urban heat island (UHI).
The purpose of this study is to provide a clarification on the role of urban surfacing materials in the thermal dynamics of an urban space, resulting in useful indications and advices in mitigating UHI.
With this aim, 4 coloured concrete bricks were tested, measuring their emissivity and building up their heat release curves using infrared thermography. Two emissivity evaluation procedures were carried out and subsequently put in comparison. Samples performances were assessed, and the influence of the colour on the thermal behaviour was investigated.
In addition, some external pavements were analysed. Albedo and emissivity parameters were evaluated in order to understand their thermal behaviour in different conditions. Surfaces temperatures were recorded in a one-day measurements campaign.
ENVI-met software was used to simulate how the tested materials would behave in two typical urban scenarios: a urban canyon and a urban heat basin. Improvements they can carry to the urban microclimate were investigated.
Emissivities obtained for the bricks ranged between 0.92 and 0.97, suggesting a limited influence of the colour on this parameter. Nonetheless, white concrete brick showed the best thermal performance, whilst the black one the worst; red and yellow ones performed pretty identical intermediate trends. De facto, colours affected the overall thermal behaviour.
Emissivity parameter was measured in the outdoor work, getting (as expected) high values for the asphalts. Albedo measurements, conducted with a sunshine pyranometer, proved the improving effect given by the yellow paint in terms of solar reflection, and the bad influence of haze on the measurement accuracy.
ENVI-met simulations gave a demonstration on the effectiveness in thermal improving of some tested materials. In particular, results showed good performances for white bricks and granite in the heat basin scenario, and painted concrete and macadam in the urban canyon scenario. These materials can be considered valuable solutions in UHI mitigation.
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Souza, Bruno Saturnino de. "Exercício resistido no tratamento e prevenção de osteopenia de ratos machos jovens /." Araçatuba, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132885.
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Resumo:A estrutura óssea do ser humano bem como o processo de consolidação óssea são alvos de estudos constantes em todo o mundo. Fraturas e lesões são consequências da fragilidade óssea, normalmente causadas pela osteoporose, um grave problema de saúde pública. Estudos mostram que essa fragilidade pode ser atenuada pela atividade física regular e treinamento de força. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar a eficácia do exercício físico resistido frente a osteopenia induzida em ratos que permaneceram com ausência de carga em seus membros pélvicos. O modelo foi o de suspensão da cauda em ratos. Estes foram distribuídos em quatro grupos: C, controle, com período experimental em gaiola; S, suspenso por 21 dias e colocados em solo por mais 21 dias; E, submetido a exercício em escada durante 21 dias e, depois, mantido em solo por mais 21 dias e SE, suspenso por 21 dias e depois submetido a exercício em escada durante 21 dias. Foram realizadas análise de densitometria óssea e ensaio mecânico na tíbia dos animais para avaliar a qualidade do tecido ósseo após o período experimental. Pelos resultados, foi possível observar que o exercício físico com carga e intensidade adequada resulta em aumento da rigidez, força máxima, densidade mineral óssea e conteúdo mineral ósseo caracterizando uma recuperação da qualidade do osso proporcionada pelo exercício físico. Desta forma, conclui-se que o exercício físico com carga resistida e intensidade adequada resulta em remodelação óssea positiva frente a suspenção pela cauda, que por sua vez induz a fragilidade óssea semelhante a osteopenia, sendo eficaz no tratamento e prevenção dessa enfermidade<br>Abstract:The bone structure of the human being and the bone healing process are constant targets of studies worldwide. Fractures and injuries are consequences of bone frailty, usually caused by osteoporosis, a serious public health problem. Studies have shown that regular physical activity and strength training can mitigate this weakness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the resistance exercise against osteopenia induced in rats that remained with no load on their hind limbs. The suspension model used was the rat's tail model suspension. These rats were divided into four groups: C, control, with trial cage; S, suspended for 21 days and placed in soil for 21 days; E subjected to exercise ladder for 21 days and then kept in the soil for 21 days, and SE suspended for 21 days and then subjected to exercise ladder for 21 days. Bone densitometry analysis and mechanical testing in the tibia of the animals were realized to verify the quality of bone tissue after the trial period. It was possible to observe in the results that the exercise load and proper intensity results in increased rigidity, maximum strength, bone mineral density and bone mineral content featuring a recovery of bone quality provided by exercise. In this way, it was concluded that physical exercise with appropriate intensity and repeated load results in a positive bone remodeling before the suspension by the tail, which in turn induces a similar bone fragility osteoporosis, being effective in the treatment and prevention of this disease<br>Orientador:Mario Jefferson Quirino Louzada<br>Banca:Gilberto Aparecido Claclete<br>Banca:Luiz Eduardo Correa Fonseca<br>Mestre
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Barrow, David. "Evaluation of arcing parameters in high breaking capacity fuses." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252652.
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Truong, Bao H. (Bao Hoai). "Effects of surface parameters on boiling heat transfer phenomena." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76925.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2011.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 148-156).<br>Nanofluids, engineered colloidal dispersions of nanoparticles in fluid, have been shown to enhance pool and flow boiling CHF. The CHF enhancement was due to nanoparticle deposited on the heater surface, which was verified in pool boiling. However, no such work has been done for flow boiling. Using a cylindrical tube pre-coated with Alumina nanoparticles coated via boiling induced deposition, CHF of water was found to enhance up to 40% compared to that of the bare tube. This confirms that nanoparticles on the surface is responsible for CHF enhancement for flow boiling. However, existing theories failed to predict the CHF enhancement and the exact surface parameters attributed to the enhancement cannot be determined. Surface modifications to enhance critical heat flux (CHF) and Leidenfrost point (LFP) have been shown successful in previous studies. However, the enhancement mechanisms are not well understood, partly due to many surface parameters being altered at the same time, as in the case for nanofluids. Therefore, the remaining objective of this work is to evaluate separate surface effect on different boiling heat transfer phenomena. In the second part of this study, surface roughness, wettability and nanoporosity were altered one by one and respective effect on quenching LFP with water droplet was determined. Increase in surface roughness and wettability enhanced LFP; however, nanoporosity was most effective in raising LFP, almost up to 100°C. The combination of the micro posts and nanoporous coating layer proved optimal. The nanoporous layer destabilizes the vapor film via heterogeneous bubble nucleation, and the micro posts provides intermittent liquid-surface contacts; both mechanisms increase LFP. In the last part, separate effect of nanoporosity and surface roughness on pool boiling CHF of a well-wetting fluid, FC-72, was investigated. Nanoporosity or surface roughness alone had no effect on pool boiling CHF of FC-72. Data obtained in the literature mostly for microporous coatings showed CHF enhancement for well wetting fluids, and existing CHF models are unable to predict the enhancement.<br>by Bao Hoai Truong.<br>Ph.D.
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Chen, Dao-Peng. "Statistical power for RNA-seq data to detect two epigenetic phenomena." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1357248975.
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Liu, Jiaping. "A Study on Distribution Learning of Generative Adversarial Networks." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41250.
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This thesis is an exploration of the properties of shallow generative adversarial networks (GANs). We focus on several aspects of GANs to investigate the learnability of a class of distributions using shallow GANs and conduct experiments to explore the influence of these aspects on the performance of the GAN models. We identify and analyze several pathological phenomena in theoretical analysis and experiments, and propose potential solutions for them.
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Ramasetti, E. K. (Eshwar Kumar). "Modelling of open-eye formation and mixing phenomena in a gas-stirred ladle for different operating parameters." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526223568.
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Abstract In ladle metallurgy, gas stirring and the behaviour of the slag layer are very important for alloying and the homogenization of the steel. When gas is injected through a nozzle located at the bottom of the ladle into the metal bath, the gas jet exiting the nozzle breaks up into gas bubbles. The rising bubbles break the slag layer and create an open-eye. The size of the open-eye is very important as the efficiency of the metal-slag reactions depend on the interaction between the slag and steel created during the stirring process, and information about the position and size of the open-eye is important for effective alloying practice. Moreover, the open-eye has an effect on the energy balance since it increases heat losses. In this study, experimental measurements and numerical simulations were performed to study the effect of different operating parameters on the formation of the open-eye and mixing time in a water model and industrial ladle. Experimental measurements were performed to study the effect of the gas flow rate, slag layer thickness, slag layer densities and number of porous plugs in a 1/5 scale water model and in a 150-ton steelmaking ladle. For numerical modelling, a multi-phase volume of fluid (VOF) model was used to simulate the system including the behaviour of the slag layer. The numerical simulation of the open-eye size and mixing time was found to be in good agreement with the experimental data obtained from the water model and data obtained from the industrial measurements<br>Tiivistelmä Senkkametallurgiassa kaasuhuuhtelu ja kuonakerroksen käyttäytyminen ovat tärkeitä teräksen seostamisen ja homogenisoinnin näkökulmasta. Senkan pohjalla sijaitsevasta suuttimesta puhallettava kaasu hajoaa kupliksi, jotka rikkovat kuonakerroksen ja muodostavat avoimen silmäkkeen. Avoimen silmäkkeen koko on yhteydessä voimakkaampaan kuonan emulgoitumiseen, joka tehostaa metallisulan ja kuonan välisiä reaktioita. Tietoa avoimen silmäkkeen paikasta ja koosta tarvitaan myös tehokkaaseen seostuspraktiikkaan. Avoin silmäke vaikuttaa lisäksi prosessin energiataseeseen lisäten sen lämpöhäviöitä. Tässä tutkimuksessa tutkittiin kokeellisesti ja laskennallisesti erilaisten operointiparametrien vaikutusta avoimen silmäkkeen muodostumiseen vesimallissa ja terässenkassateollisessa senkassa. Kokeellisia mittauksia tehtiin kaasuhuuhtelun, kuonakerroksen paksuuden, ja suuttimien määrän vaikutuksen tutkimiseksi 1/5-mittakaavan vesimallissa ja 150 tonnin terässenkassa. Numeerisessa mallinnuksessa systeemin ja siihen lukeutuvan kuonakerroksen käyttäytymisen simuloimiseen käytettiin volume of fluid (VOF) –monifaasimenetelmää. Avoimen silmäkkeen kokoon ja sekoittumisaikaan liittyvien numeeristen simulointien havaittiin vastaavan hyvin vesimallista ja teollisista mittauksista saatua kokeellista aineistoa
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Roy, Christelle. "PHENOMENES COLLECTIFS DANS LES REACTIONS AU (150 - 400 A MeV) + Au A TRES FAIBLES PARAMETRES D'IMPACT." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR13046.
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Ce travail a ete destine a l'etude des phenomenes collectifs dans les reactions frontales au (150-400 a mev) + au, mesurees avec le multidetecteur fopi. La selection des reactions est realisee au moyen d'un critere dont la definition est basee sur l'idee qu'une reaction frontale implique que les residus du projectile et de la cible sont inexistants. L'analyse des distributions d'angles polaires dans le centre de masse relatives aux fragments massifs (z 3) de faible energie montre que ces ions sont emis preferentiellement dans le plan transverse a l'axe du faisceau. La forme de ces distributions angulaires est etroitement correlee au pouvoir d'arret de la matiere nucleaire. Dans les modeles de type dynamique moleculaire quantique (qmd), le parametre essentiel caracterisant ce phenomene est la section efficace de collision nucleon-nucleon (#n#n). La comparaison des distributions angulaires experimentales a celles predites par le modele qmd indique qu'une valeur de 30 mb pour #n#n permet de reproduire de facon satisfaisante les comportements experimentaux observes a 150 a mev. La simulation d'une source thermique dont l'expansion est partiellement gouvernee par un mouvement collectif transverse, indique que 75% de l'energie totale transverse est sous forme collective a 150 a mev (65% a 250 et 400 a mev)
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AUBIN, HERVE. "Transport de chaleur dans les cuprates : symetrie du parametre d'ordre supraconducteur phenomenes non-adiabatiques." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112199.
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Ce travail de these consiste en une etude experimentale de supraconducteurs a haute temperature critique (y ba#2cu#3o#7#-# et bi#2sr#2cacu#2o#8), et cela essentiellement via une sonde de transport : la conductivite thermique. Notre etude sur ybco a montre que la variation de la conductivite thermique, avec l'orientation d'un champ magnetique applique parallelement aux plans supraconducteurs, reflete la distribution angulaire dans l'espace reciproque des excitations de la phase supraconductrice. Ce resultat impose une limite superieure de 10 % au montant de la composante s du parametre d'ordre supraconducteur de symetrie essentiellement d#x#2##y#2 dans ybco. Sur bi2212, nous avons confirme le comportement inhabituel de la conductivite thermique dans la phase mixte de bi2212 au dessus de 5k - l'emergence d'une singularite suivie d'un plateau dans le profil k(h). En dessous de 1k, nous avons observe que la conductivite thermique augmente avec le champ magnetique. Ce comportement indique l'existence d'une densite d'etats resi-duelle et n'est pas compatible avec un large gap d#x#2##y#2 + id#x#y induit par le champ magnetique, lequel fut suppose etre a l'origine du plateau. Ces resultats sont compatibles avec des travaux recents predisant une augmentation de la conductivite thermique en raison au decalage doppler du spectre d'energie des quasi-particules. De notre etude de bi2212, nous avons egalement constate un phenomene inhabituel dans le transport de chaleur par les vibrations du reseau. Il semble exister un lien etroit entre la conductivite thermique des phonons et la resistivite electrique residuelle, laquelle reflete le libre parcours moyen elastique des porteurs de charge. Le scenario propose implique que le principe adiabatique de born-oppenheimer n'est plus valide - le principe qui nous autorise a discuter separement des excitations du reseau (phonons) et des excitations du systeme electronique (spin et/ou charges).
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Scholz, Bernd. "Application of a micropolar model to the localization phenomena in granular materials general model, sensitivity analysis and parameter optimization /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:93-opus-33552.
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Ji, Yu Catherine Feng. "Comparative study of convective and diffusive transport phenomena within the opalinus clay of Mont Terri." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0409/document.
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La sûreté des installations de stockage profond des déchets radioactifs repose sur l’évaluation des propriétés de confinement de la barrière géologique et des processus qui y régissent le transport des radionucléides. La thèse est menée dans le cadre de l’expérience Deep Borehole du projet Mont Terri. Elle vise à renforcer l’évaluation de l’importance relative des phénomènes de transfert convectifs et diffusifs au sein de l’Argile à Opalines (OPA) et à apporter des éclaircissements concernant l’impact des phénomènes transitoires chimique et hydraulique sur ces transferts et la génération d’anomalies de pression. Un premier volet expérimental a permis d’acquérir les paramètres de transport advectifs, diffusifs, et les forces motrices associées, nécessaires à l’estimation des flux d’eau et de solutés entre l’OPA et les aquifères adjacents. Les données de température et de pression révèlent un gradient géothermique de 8.5°C/100 m et un excès de charge d’au moins 60 m. L’inversion du profil de chlorure par méthode Bayésienne de type Monte Carlo Markov Chain valide l’évolution paléohydrogéologique du site proposé dans la littérature en considérant un transport diffusif pur à travers la formation. La contribution des phénomènes de transport osmotique a été déterminée en interprétant le profil de pression à l’aide de simulations transitoires considérant l’évolution temporelle de la chlorinité et de la pression au cours du scénario géologique et de simulations en pseudo régime permanent. Ce profil est reproduit en évaluant le flux advectif couplé incluant l’advection de Darcy, la chemo-osmose et la thermo-osmose, avec une contribution majeure de ce dernier processus<br>The safety of radioactive waste disposal facilities in deep geological formation depends on the evaluation of the rock confining properties and the processes governing radionuclides transfer. The thesis is conducted in the framework of Deep Borehole experiment of the Mont Terri project. The purpose of this research is to build confidence with regard to understanding relative importance of diffusive and convective phenomena withine the Opalinus Clay (OPA) and to identify the impact of a hydraulic and chemical transient behaviour on the transfers of fluid and solutes, and anomalous pressures generation.A first experimental stage enabled to acquire the advective and diffusive transport parameters, and the associated driving forces, necessary to the evaluation of fluid and solute fluxes between the OPA and its adjacent aquifers. Temperature and pressure measurements revealed a geothermal gradient of 8.5 °C/100 m and an excess of hydraulic head of at least 60 m.The chloride profile inversion by a Bayesian method with a Monte Carlo Markov Chain algorithm validates the paleohydrological evolution proposed in the litterature, considering a pure diffusive transport through the argillaceous formation. The contribution of osmotic transport phenomena was assessed by interpreting the pressure profile, using transient simulations that takes into account the temporal evolution of chlorinity and pressure during the geological scenario, and pseudo steady-state simulations. This profile is reproduced by evaluating the coupled advective flux, including pure advection, chemo-osmosis and thermo-osmosis, with a major contribution of the latter process
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Scholz, Bernd [Verfasser]. "Application of a micropolar model to the localization phenomena in granular materials : general model, sensitivity analysis and parameter optimization / vorgelegt von Bernd Scholz." Essen : VGE-Verl, 2007. http://d-nb.info/997053895/34.
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Carney, Melody Noelle. "The Impact of the Optical Phenomena of Color Adjustment Potential and Kubelka-Munk Layering of Dental Composite Resins on Modern Esthetic Dentistry." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429403504.
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Gava, J. "Etudes des proprietes des neutrinos dans les contextes astrophysique et cosmologique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00450051.
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Le phénomène d'oscillation des neutrinos a été découvert en 1998 par l'experience Super-Kamiokande, 11 ans après la première observation de neutrinos provenant d'une supernova (SN1987A). Ainsi, ce domaine s'est developpé grandement depuis une dizaine d'années. Le sujet de cette thèse est l'étude, dans les contextes astrophysique et cosmologique, de propriétes des neutrinos inconnues: la violation de CP et le troisième angle de mélange de la matrice MNSP. Nous avons montré analytiquement, pour la première fois, les conditions dans lesquelles il peut y avoir des effets de la phase CP sur les flux de neutrinos dans l'étoile ainsi que sur la fraction d'électrons, observable clef du processus-r. Les calculs numériques, incluant le couplage à la matiere et l'interaction neutrino-neutrino non-linéaire, ont montré des effets de plusieurs pourcents dans l'étoile et plus petits dans un observatoire. Ensuite, nous avons étudie les conséquences de la valeur du troisième angle, sur le flux d'antineutrinos `a l'aide d'une simulation numérique dans l'´état de l'art, incluant l'interaction neutrino-neutrino ainsi qu'une densité de matière dynamique avec ondes de chocs. Une signature caractéristique de la hierarchie et de l'angle a été trouvée, dans le signal des positrons, émis via le processus betainverse, dans un observatoire sur Terre. Enfin dans le contexte cosmologique, nous avons étudié l'impact de la phase de violation de CP sur le potentiel chimique des neutrinos électroniques peu avant la nucleosynthèse primordiale. En plus d'une démonstration analytique donnant les conditions d'influence de la phase CP, nous montrons ses conséquences sur la fraction d'Hélium primordial.
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GOUEGA, AKO MATHURIN. "Contribution a l'etude des interactions arc-electrodes : etude de l'influence de divers parametres sur l'erosion des contacts et etude exploratoire des phenomenes a l'ouverture des contacts des appareils de coupure." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066098.
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Les travaux effectues dans le cadre de cette these sont centres sur l'etude des phenomenes apparaissant lors de l'ouverture des contacts des appareils de coupure et de l'influence de divers parametres sur l'erosion des contacts. Nous avons elabore un dispositif experimental electronique permettant d'etudier l'erosion des materiaux de contact a distance inter-electrodes constante (erosion due a l'arc seul) et de generer des creneaux de courant d'arc. A l'aide de ce dispositif, nous avons montre l'influence de plusieurs parametres (structure metallurgique des materiaux de contact, distance inter-electrodes, gaz plasmagene, intensite et duree du courant d'arc, etc. ) sur l'erosion des electrodes et sur la tension d'arc. Un travail d'interpretation des mesures d'erosion a ete fait a l'aide d'une etude realisee en cinematographie ultra-rapide nous permettant d'observer le pied et la colonne d'arc. Nous avons aussi, dans ce travail, realise un systeme de mesure de force (s. M. F. ) permettant la mesure de la force exercee sur les electrodes. Ce s. M. F. A ete utilise pour l'elaboration du dispositif experimental d'etude des phenomenes a l'ouverture des contacts. Nous avons fait la mesure de la quantite totale de liquide et de vapeur crees par un arc electrique sur une electrode et des calculs de modelisation afin de determiner la valeur de la densite de puissance apportee par l'arc a la surface de l'electrode permettant de reproduire les resultats experimentaux
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Legrand, Frédéric. "Glissement aux parois des polymères fondus enchevêtrés." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10288.
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On etudie tout d'abord le glissement sur une surface metallique usinee, qui adsorbe fortement le polymere. Pour atteindre les forts taux de deformation necessaires, une filiere d'extrusion bidimentionnelle a ete construite. Les mesures de vitesses dans l'ecoulement sont faites en suivant le mouvement de particules solides. Des mesures de birefringence de contrainte sont faites soit globalement par la methode des franges, soit localement au moyen d'un appareil a modulateur photo-elastique. Trois polymeres sont etudies : un polydimethylsiloxane, un polybutadiene et un styrene-butadiene statistique. Les mesures apportent une comprehension du lien entre le glissement et l'instabilite elastique qui se declenche en amont de la filiere. Une experience complementaire utilisant des marqueurs fluorescents permet de mesurer le champ de vitesse a une distance de la paroi de l'ordre du micrometre. Elle montre que le glissement se fait sur un plan localise dans le volume du polymere, juste au dessus des rugosites de la surface. Le mecanisme du glissement est donc un desenchevetrement de la couche piegee par les rugosites par rapport au polymere en ecoulement. Dans un deuxieme temps, le glissement d'un polydimethylsiloxane est obtenu sur des surfaces qui adsorbent faiblement le polymere, au moyen d'une methode de rheometrie cone-plan capable d'operer a faible taux de cisaillement. Le glissement obtenu sur la silice propre et sur la silice recouverte d'une monocouche organique montre l'influence du taux d'adsorption des chaines sur le seuil de glissement. Apres avoir etabli un modele qui calcule la contrainte necessaire a la desorption des chaines, nous en concluons que le glissement se fait ici aussi par desenchevetrement des chaines adsorbees par rapport au fondu en ecoulement. Enfin, un glissement a l'interface entre un polydimethylsiloxane et un polybutadiene est etudie et interprete la encore en terme de desenchevetrement dans la couche d'interpenetration.
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Lubińska, Dorota. "Förstaspråksattrition hos vuxna : Exemplet polsktalande i Sverige." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Centrum för tvåspråkighetsforskning, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-55969.
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This thesis is concerned with adult L1 attrition in the case of highly-educated long-term Polish immigrants in Sweden. The study sheds light on two classical issues pertaining to L1 attrition, namely what happens to a fully developed mature language system in an immigrant context, and why it happens. Specifically we aim to answer the following questions: (1) Are Polish speakers in Sweden different from comparable individuals in Poland with respect to (i) judgement and use of a number of Polish linguistic features (se keywords below), and (ii) hesitation phenomena, i.e. ability to be quick and easy and linguistic insecurity? (2) Is the variation in linguistic results dependent on how often and in what context the Polish language is used and/or which attitudes the individuals have towards it as well as how long they have been living in Sweden? One of the main contributions of the study regards methodology. The data is analysed in three steps: an initial focus on group comparisons shifts to the analysis of individual results in relation to the variation observed in the comparison group, and finally to a holistic view of the attrition effects or their absence. It is suggested that in studies on adult L1 attrition, where the effects are expected to be relatively cosmetic, the range of the linguistic behaviour in the comparison group as a reference point as well as a holistic perspective on individual results gives a more truthful picture of the attrition process. In addition the study shows that attrition effects are present in some individuals (60 %) to a different degree. The most common effect overall is linguistic insecurity followed by the overuse of 1st person pronouns as explicit subjects and to a lesser degree by the overuse of 3rd person pronouns. Surprisingly there is a scanty effect on the other hesitation phenomenon, i.e. the ability to be quick and easy. No or limited effects are observed in other structural areas which basically supports previous findings on L1 adult attrition. Finally, the presence versus absence of the attrition effect can not be straightforwardly related either to language use, attitudes or length of residence, with one exception being linguistic insecurity.
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Anda, Ondo Diemer. "Modélisation et analyse des systèmes à paramètres distribués non linéaires par la méthode de Boltzmann sur réseau : application aux écoulements à surface libre." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00860782.
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Nous étudions dans cette thèse, composée de deux parties, la modélisation des écoulements en eaux peu profondes par la méthode de Boltzmann sur réseau et l'analyse des propriétés de commandabilité et d'observabilité des modèles obtenus. Dans la première partie, nous nous consacrons d'abord à la modélisation par la méthode de Boltzmann sur réseau des équations de Saint-Venant. En utilisant une linéarisation autour d'un profil d'équilibre, une représentation sous forme d'état des modèles de Boltzmann sur réseau est définie. Cette représentation incorpore les termes de force, et permet une définition complète des entrées (commandes) et des sorties (mesures). Nous représentons ensuite les phénomènes de sédimentation dans les écoulements en eaux peu profondes avec la méthode de Boltzmann sur réseau. Ce modèle défini en une dimension est validé numériquement en le comparant avec un modèle de volumes finis qui résout les équations de Saint-Venant-Exner. Le modèle LB défini est moins gourmand en temps de calcul et plus facile à manipuler que les modèles traditionnels. Dans la deuxième partie, nous traitons de l'analyse des propriétés de commandabilit é et d'observabilité des modèles LB obtenus. La première analyse est faite sur les critères algébriques de Kalmann et permet d'établir la non conservation des propriétés de commandabilité et d'observabilité lorsque l'ordre de réduction du système est augmenté. Une analyse plus approfondie basée sur la détermination les grammiens de commandabilit é et d'observabilité montre également que le constat reste valide pour les méthodes de discrétisation classique. La résolution des grammiens est faite avec des méthodes particulièrement adaptées aux structures creuses et de grande dimension que sont les matrices de la dynamique, de commande et/ou d'observation des modèles LB. Enfin, nous établissons que pour une commande aux frontières classique des canaux d'irrigation en débit et hauteur, la famille de systèmes des modèles LB d'ordre réduit n'est pas uniformément commandable alors qu'avec l'utilisation des variables de scattering comme variables de commande, cette famille devient uniformément commandable.
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peng, Shin-kuang, and 彭馨寬. "The Analysis of Scribing Phenomenon under Different Cutting Parameters." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58440154686270252371.
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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>機械工程學系專班<br>94<br>This thesis will discuss the influences of scribing force, specific energy, and surface geometry on the tool geometry, rake angle, material, and cutting velocity of scribing process.
The influences of cutting geometry on the rake angle are analyzed to observe the variation of the area contacted between tool flank and machined surface for different rake angles in the same cutting depth, and radial cutting coefficient changed with the rake angle. The results of experiments show that scribing leading by edge, the smaller the rake angle is, the greater the specific energy is. While scribing leading by face, the smaller the rake angle is, the smaller the specific energy is.
After separating friction from cutting force, the variation trend of the rake angle and the specific energy which does not consider friction is the same with the case that friction is considered. By observing the specific energy which does not consider friction, size effect makes higher specific energy in lower cutting depth in scribing ductile material. While scribing brittle material, the transformation of cutting mechanism makes the specific energy become lower. From relationship between friction coefficient and the material area contacted with tool, the smaller the area is, the lower the friction coefficient is. This phenomenon can be used to decide the optimal rake angle of cut. It also can be observed that the promotion of the cutting velocity makes specific energy is reduced and groove geometry is more complete.
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柯彥宇. "Flicker phenomenon and driving parameters optimization of vertical alignment liquid-crystal displays." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17561407208175721226.
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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>照明與能源光電研究所<br>101<br>Image sticking is one of the important factors to influence the quality and reliability of liquid crystal displays (LCDs). The mechanism of producing image sticking is very complicate, and it is not easy to analyze and overcome. However, the image sticking of LCDs can be improved by adjusting the driving to reach a minimized flicker signal, which can reduce the ions accumulation on the surfaces.
The flicker measurement system adopted by current LCDs industry have limits for measuring the flicker signals of LCDs operated at the high and low gray levels. Therefore, the driving of LCDs cannot be optimized at the low gray levels, and it causes the ions accumulation on the surfaces.
In this work, a flicker measurement system suitable for all grey levels was proposed and developed. The performance of our developed system was compared to the commercial system. The results showed that our system had superior detection sensitivity of flicker for all grey levels. Finally, we compared the driving setting, determined by the minimization of flicker signal, and the corresponding imaging sticking.
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Chen, Chung-Hsien, and 陳崇憲. "Studies of Transport Phenomenon and Analysis of Operational Parameters for Proton-Exchange-Membrane Fuel Cells." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67417535205065691142.
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博士<br>臺灣大學<br>化學工程學研究所<br>96<br>In this study, we want to discover the transport phenomena of PEMFC by simulation and experiment with different condition. In first section, we simulation the standard cell (5 cm * 5 cm) of PEMFC by three-dimensional model and verify the result (I-V curve) by experimental. In the next, a large-scale area (16 cm *16 cm) PEMFC with different flow channel has been investigated by experiment. The relationship between the different operational parameter and flow pattern has been studied. Finally, the 72 cells stack model of PEMFC has been simulated by two-dimensional, computational fluid dynamic. The pressure variation and the flow distribution in the manifold of a PEMFC stack have been studied.
At first, a three-dimensional computational model of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is presented in this study. This model includes flow channels, gas diffusion layers (GDL), catalyst layers, membrane on both anode and cathode side and simulates transport phenomena within fuel cells under particular operating conditions and design parameters. In this study, humid hydrogen and air are provided as fuel and oxidant respectively. The flow is laminar, steady and ignores the effects of two phase flow. Therefore, all fluids are treated gases and obeyed ideal gas law. The Governing equations for flow, heat, and mass transfer coupled with the electrochemical reactions are solved simultaneously, where Stefan-Maxwell equations describe mass transfer of each species and Bulter-Volmer equations are used to define the electrochemical reactions on the catalyst layer. The computational domain neglects ribs and the voltage loss through those is assumed negligible. The voltage is defined on the interface of current collectors and GDL to simulate output current. The results refer the test method of stoichmetric ratio can catch the I-V polarization curve appropriately. This model ignores liquid water flooding therefore there occur larger differences between modeling and experimental results on low voltages.
Next, a large-scale are of Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) with different flow channel has been investigated experimentally. Interdigitated channel geometry has the advantages of effective water removal and higher reaction efficiency through forcing gas transport in the diffusion layer. In this study, multiple-Z type flow pattern has been adopted with and without the interdigitated channels. The performance of single PEM fuel cell with an interdigitated flow field has been improved with specific operating conditions. The experimental results under the effects of gas humidification temperature and reactant gas flow rate, etc. have been comprehensively discussed in this work. It can be found experimentally that the multiple-Z interdigitated flow channel has better performance as compared with the conventional Z type in the high current-density region of current-voltage (I-V) polarization curves. However, the improvement in the low current-density region is insignificant. The pressure drop loss of multiple-Z interdigitated flow field is about twice as compared to the conventional one.
Finally, the pressure variation and the flow distribution in the manifold of a fuel-cell stack are simulated by a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. Two dimensional stack model composed of 72 cells filled with porous media is constructed to evaluate pressure drop caused by channel flow resistance. In order to simplify this model, electrochemical reactions, heat and mass transport phenomena are ignored and air is treated as working fluid to investigate flow distribution in stacks. Design parameters such as the permeability of the porous media, the manifold width and the air feeding rate were changed to estimate uniformity of the flow distribution in the manifold. A momentum-balance theory and a pressure-drop model are presented to explain the physical mechanism of flow distribution. Modeling results indicate that both the channel resistance and the manifold width can enhance the uniformity of the flow distribution. In addition, a lower air feeding rate can also enhance the uniformity of flow distribution. However excessive pressure drop is not beneficial for realistic applications of a fuel-cell stack and hence enhanced manifold width is a better solution for flow distribution.
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Chen, Chung-Hsien. "Studies of Transport Phenomenon and Analysis of Operational Parameters for Proton-Exchange-Membrane Fuel Cells." 2008. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-1601200820272900.
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Hart, David J. "Laboratory measurements of poroelastic constants and flow parameters and some associated phenomena." 2000. http://www.library.wisc.edu/databases/connect/dissertations.html.
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Hu, Chun-Chi, and 胡竣琪. "Research of the relation between the parameter of LGP injection and the ripple phenomena." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/288d86.
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碩士<br>國立中山大學<br>機械與機電工程學系研究所<br>96<br>Recently, the ripple phenomena of liquid crystal display module were occurred frequently after burning machine test. The phenomena were mainly caused by the non-uniformity of the flatness of light guide plate. But, it is difficult to detect the ripple phenomena when the light guide plate is in a free state. It is usually can be detected until the burning machine test of liquid crystal display module was finished. But it will cost massive manpower and the physical resource wasting in this process.
In this study, the through analyses of flatness variations of light guide plate in its free state, in the back light module, and in the liquid crystal display module after the burning machine test, respectively, were executed. Also, the effects of variations of process factors of a light guide plate on the ripple phenomena were studied. It is hoped to achieve the purpose that one can control the flatness of light guide plate in the initial stage so that the ripple phenomena will no longer occur.
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Costa, Sérgio Jorge Pereira da. "Multi-agent model predictive control for transport phenomena processes." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/18337.
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Throughout the last decades, control systems theory has thrived, promoting new areas
of development, especially for chemical and biological process engineering. Production
processes are becoming more and more complex and researchers, academics and industry professionals dedicate more time in order to keep up-to-date with the increasing complexity and nonlinearity. Developing control architectures and incorporating novel control techniques as a way to overcome optimization problems is the main focus for all people involved.
Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) has been one of the main responses
from academia for the exponential growth of process complexity and fast growing scale.
Prediction algorithms are the response to manage closed-loop stability and optimize
results. Adaptation mechanisms are nowadays seen as a natural extension of prediction methodologies in order to tackle uncertainty in distributed parameter systems (DPS), governed by partial differential equations (PDE). Parameters observers and Lyapunov adaptation laws are also tools for the systems in study.
Stability and stabilization conditions, being implicitly or explicitly incorporated in the
NMPC formulation, by means of pointwise min-norm techniques, are also being used and combined as a way to improve control performance, robustness and reduce computational effort or maintain it low, without degrading control action.
With the above assumptions, centralized (or single agent) or decentralized and distributed Model Predictive Control (MPC) architectures (also called multi-agent) have been applied to a series of nonlinear distributed parameters systems with transport phenomena, such as bioreactors, water delivery canals and heat exchangers to show the importance and success of these control techniques.
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Kandic, Miodrag. "Asymptotic limits of negative group delay phenomenon in linear causal media." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4958.
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Abnormal electromagnetic wave propagation characterized by negative group velocity and consequently negative group delay (NGD) has been observed in certain materials as well as in artificially built structures. Within finite frequency intervals where an NGD phenomenon is observed, higher frequency components of the applied waveform are propagated with phase advancement, not delay, relative to the lower frequency components. These media have found use in many applications that require positive delay compensation and an engineered phase characteristic, such as eliminating phase variation with frequency in phase shifters, beam-squint minimization in phased array antenna systems, size reduction of feed-forward amplifiers and others.
The three principal questions this thesis addresses are: can a generic formulation for artificial NGD structures based on electric circuit resonators be developed; is it possible to derive a quantitative functional relationship (asymptotic limit) between the maximum achievable NGD and the identified trade-off quantity (out-of-band gain); and, can a microwave circuit exhibiting a fully loss-compensated NGD propagation in both directions be designed and implemented? A generic frequency-domain formulation of artificial NGD structures based on electric circuit resonators is developed and characterized by three parameters, namely center frequency, bandwidth and the out-of-band gain. The developed formulation is validated through several topologies reported in the literature. The trade-off relationship between the achievable NGD on one hand, and the out-of-band gain on the other, is identified. The out-of-band gain is shown to be proportional to transient amplitudes when waveforms with defined “turn on/off” times are propagated through an NGD medium. An asymptotic limit for achievable NGD as a function of the out-of-band gain is derived for multi-stage resonator-based NGD circuits as well as for an optimally engineered linear causal NGD medium.
Passive NGD media exhibit loss which can be compensated for via active elements. However, active elements are unilateral in nature and therefore do not allow propagation in both directions. A bilateral gain-compensated circuit is designed and implemented, which overcomes this problem by employing a dual-amplifier configuration while preserving the overall circuit stability.
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(9674882), Sayan Basak. "Hysteresis and Pattern Formation in Electronic Phase Transitions in Quantum Materials." Thesis, 2020.
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<div>We propose an order parameter theory of the quantum Hall nematic in high fractional Landau levels in terms of an Ising description. This new model solves a couple of extant problems in the literature: (1) The low-temperature behavior of the measured resistivity anisotropy is captured better by our model than previous theoretical treatments based on the electron nematic having XY symmetry. (2) Our model allows for the development of true long-range order at low temperature, consistent with the observation of anisotropic low-temperature transport.<br></div><div><div> We furthermore propose new experimental tests based on hysteresis that can distinguish whether any two-dimensional electron nematic is in the XY universality class (as previously proposed in high fractional Landau levels), or in the Ising universality class (as we propose). Given the growing interest in electron nematics in many materials, we expect our proposed test of universality class to be of broad interest.</div><div> </div><div> Whereas the XY model in two dimensions does not have a long-range ordered phase, the addition of uniaxial random field disorder induces a long-range ordered phase in which the spontaneous magnetization points perpendicular to the random field direction, via an order-by-disorder transition. We have shown that this spontaneous magnetization is robust against a rotating driving field, up to a critical driving field amplitude. Thus we have found evidence for a new non-equilibrium phase transition that was unknown before in this model. Moreover, we have discovered an incredible anomaly at this nonequilibrium phase transition: the critical region is accompanied by a cascade of period multiplication events. This physics is reminiscent of the period bifurcation cascade signaling the transition to chaos in nonlinear systems, and of the approach to the irreversibility transition in models of yield in amorphous solids~\cite{reichhardt-dahmen,leishangthem_yielding_2017}. This period multiplication cascade is surprising to be present in a statistical mechanics model, and suggests that the non-equilibrium transition as a function of driving field amplitude is part of a larger class of transitions in dynamical systems.</div><div> Moreover, we show that this multi-period behavior represents a new emergent classical discrete time-crystal, since the new period is robust against changes to initial conditions and low-temperature fluctuations over hundreds of driving period cycles.</div><div><br></div><div> We expect this work to be of broad interest, further encouraging cross-fertilization between the rapidly growing field of time-crystals with the well-established fields of nonequilibrium phase transitions and dynamical systems.</div><div> </div><div> Geometrical configurations gave us a better understanding of the multi-period behavior of the limit-cycles.</div><div> Moreover, surface probes are continually evolving and generating vast amounts of spatially resolved data of quantum materials, which reveal a lot of detail about the microscopic and macroscopic properties of the system. <br></div><div> Materials undergoing a transition between two distinct states, phase separate.</div><div> These phase-separated regions form intricate patterns on the observable surface, which can encode model-specific information, including interaction, dimensionality, and disorder. </div><div> While there are rigorous methods for understanding these patterns, they turn out to be time-consuming as well as requiring expertise. </div><div> We show that a well-tuned machine learning framework can decipher this information with minimal effort from the user.</div><div> We expect this to be widely used by the scientific community to fast-track comprehension of the underlying physics in these materials.</div><div><br></div></div>