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Journal articles on the topic 'Phenothiazine derivatives'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Khadieva, Alena I., Vladimir V. Gorbachuk, and Ivan I. Stoikov. "Oligomerization of phenothiazin-5-ium tetraiodide in the presence of bases." Butlerov Communications 62, no. 6 (2020): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-62-6-34.

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Methylene blue and its structural analogs (phenothiazine derivatives) are well known photodynamically and photochemically active agents, which are used in modern medicine, biology, and industry due to their low toxicity, high absorption in the therapeutic window region (600-660 nm). Methylene blue being one of the most studied phenothiazine derivative is employed as an antibacterial agent and also as an antidote to cyanide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide. Phenothiazin-5-ium tetraiodide is one of the most convenient precursors for the synthesis of structural analogues of methylene blue am

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2

(Miss), A. M. DAVE, N. BHATT K., K. UNDAVIA N., and B. TRIVEDl P. "Studies on Synthesis of Haloginated Phenothiazine Derivatives." Journal of Chemical Indian Society Vol. 65, May 1988 (1988): 365–66. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6279483.

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University Department of Chemistry, Bhavnagar University Bhavnagar-.364-002 <em>Manuscript received 12 October 1987, revised 4 February 1988, accepted 21 March 1988</em> 1,3,7,9-Tetrachloro-10-(substituted-benzthiazol-2<em>'</em>-ylaminoacetyl)phenothiazines have been synthesised by condensation of the chloroacetyl derivative of phenothiazine with substituted-2-aminobenzthiazoles. The haloginated derivatives of phenothiazine were screened for their antibacterial efficacy.

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3

K ymet Berkil Akar, K. ymet Berkil Akar, and O. uzhan Bebek and Bar Eran O uzhan Bebek and Bar Eran. "Synthesis and Characterization of 1,4-Dibromo-5H-benzo[a]phenothiazin-5-one and 8,13-Dibromo-7H-naphtho[2,3-a]phenothiazin-7-one for Use as Novel Fingermark Visualisation Reagents." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 46, no. 3 (2024): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/001464/jcsp/46.03.2024.

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In the presented study, novel compounds bearing the benzo[a]phenothiazine or naphtho[a]phenothiazin skeletons were developed for the first time as fingermark detecting reagents on paper surfaces which were then investigated in detail. First, two phenothiazine derivatives, 1,4-dibromo-5H-benzo[a]phenothiazin-5-one and 8,13-dibromo-7H-naphtho[2,3-a]phenothiazin-7-one were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods. The phenothiazines were tested as potential reagents for latent fingermarks on copier paper and were then compared with 1,8-diazofluoren-9-one (DFO). Both compounds reacte

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4

Kapoor, D., and P. Gupta. "Synthesis and Characterization of Phenothiazine Derivatives." Pharmaceutical and Chemical Journal 3, no. 2 (2016): 57–70. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13742728.

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A series of new phenothiazine derivatives have been synthesized in which diphenylamine on treatment with sulphur give 10<em>H</em>-phenothiazinewhich on reaction with ethylchloro acetate yielded 2-(10<em>H</em>-phenothiazin-10-yl)acetate which on further treatment with hydrazine hydrate produced 2-(10<em>H</em>-phenothiazin-10-yl) acetohydrazide<strong>. </strong>Condensation of chief intermediate with various benzaldehyde derivatives afforded<em> N'</em>-(substitutedbenzylidene)-2-(10<em>H-</em>phenothiazin-10-yl) acetohydrazide. All the synthesized derivatives have been characterized by FTIR

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5

Saini, Pooja, Sushil Kumar, and Swatantr Bahadur Singh. "Molecular Docking, Synthesis and In vivo Assessment of New Phenothiazines as Inhibitors of Anxiety." Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia 21, no. 4 (2024): 1485–93. https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3319.

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ABSTRACT: Background: Heterocylics are the backbone of the medicinal chemistry. They played very imperative role in the discovery of new lead molecules. Phenothiazine is one of them and it has many biological activities as well. This article proposed the design and synthesis of new phenothiazine derivatives. Aim: This work includes the preparation of some new Schiff bases of phenothiazine. The synthetic scheme includes development of series of 1-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)-2-(4-((phenylimino)methyl) phenoxy) ethan-1-one (D1-D10). Objective: This work aims to design some new phenothiazine molecule

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6

Środa-Pomianek, Kamila, Krystyna Michalak, Anna Palko-Łabuz, et al. "The Combined Use of Phenothiazines and Statins Strongly Affects Doxorubicin-Resistance, Apoptosis, and Cox-2 Activity in Colon Cancer Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 4 (2019): 955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20040955.

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Since none of the multidrug resistance (MDR) modulators tested so far found their way into clinic, a novel approach to overcome the MDR of cancer cells has been proposed. The combined use of two MDR modulators of dissimilar mechanisms of action was suggested to benefit from the synergy between them. The effect of three phenothiazine derivatives that were used as single agents and in combination with simvastatin on cell growth, apoptosis induction, activity, and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in doxorubicin-resistant colon cancer cells (LoVo/Dx) was investigated. Treatment of LoVo/Dx ce

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7

Zhuravkov, Sergey P., Elena L. Boytsova, and Anastasia V. Slavinskaya. "STABILIZATION OF POLYETHYLENE AND OTHER POLYOLEFINS BY PHENOTHIAZINE DERIVATIVES." ChemChemTech 67, no. 12 (2024): 96–101. https://doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20246712.6941.

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This paper presents the results of the synthesis and study of the thermostabilizing properties of a number of new derivatives, as well as previously known derivatives of Phenothiazine (PT). The objects of the study were: cis-10-propenylphenothiazine (cis-10-PPT), 1-ethyl-2-methyl-3-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrido[3,2,1-kl]phenothiazine. Propenylphenothiazine dimer (DPРT),1-ethyl-2-methyl-3-(5-oxido-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrido[3,2,1-kl]phenothiazine 7-oxide. S-oxide (DPРTО),1-ethyl-2-methyl-1H-pyrido-[3,2,1-k,l]phenothiazine. Pyridophenothiazine (PyrPT) and a mi

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8

Saini, Pooja, and Sushil Kumar. "Synthesis, Characterization, Molecular docking and Anti-anxiety Evaluation of Some Novel Phenothiazine Derivatives." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 39, no. 5 (2023): 1232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/390516.

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The phenothiazine derivatives 1-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)-2-(4-(1-(phenylimino)ethyl)phenoxy)ethan-1-one (4a-4j) are produced from 2-(4-acetylphenoxy)-1-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)ethan-1-one (3) and after that, condensing them with various carbonyl compounds. Acetonitrile was used as solvent. The purity of the analogues and reaction progress were identified through their retention factor value and melting point. Characterization of the prepared analogues was completed via performing their Infra-red, proton-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with their elemental analysis. The set of molecular

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9

Wu, San, Wei-Ye Hu, and Song-Lin Zhang. "Potassium carbonate-mediated tandem C–S and C–N coupling reaction for the synthesis of phenothiazines under transition-metal-free and ligand-free conditions." RSC Advances 6, no. 29 (2016): 24257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra01295g.

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A potassium carbonate-mediated tandem coupling reaction for the synthesis of phenothiazines is described. This protocol affords an efficient approach for the construction of phenothiazine derivatives without the need for addition of transition-metal catalyst or ligand.

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10

Swoboda, Daniel, Jacek E. Nycz, Nataliya Karaush-Karmazin, et al. "Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of Selected Phenothiazines and Phenazines Rationalized Based on DFT Calculation." Molecules 27, no. 21 (2022): 7519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217519.

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Two unique structures were isolated from the phosphorylation reaction of 10H-phenothiazine. The 5,5-dimethyl-2-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinane 2-oxide (2a) illustrates the product of N-phosphorylation of phenothiazine. Moreover, a potential product of 2a instability, a thiophosphoric acid 2b, was successfully isolated and structurally characterized. Molecule 2a, similarly to sulfoxide derivative 3, possesses interesting phosphorescence properties due to the presence of d-pπ bonds. The X-ray, NMR, and DFT computational studies indicate that compound 2a exhibits an anomeric effec

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11

Alexandrovsky, V. N., S. S. Petrikov, and M. V. Kareva. "Acute poisoning with phenothiazine neuroleptics. Phenothiazine coma." Toxicological Review, no. 3 (July 18, 2021): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36946/0869-7922-2021-29-3-16-27.

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The article summarizes the authors' long-term experience in the diagnosis and treatment of acute poisoning with phenothiazine derivatives and presents data on the epidemiology of the effects of phenothiazines on the central nervous system. The original classification of acute phenothiazine intoxication confirmed by electrophysiological studies of the brain is given. The involvement of deep brain structures in the pathogenesis of acute phenothiazine coma has been confirmed. Based on studies of visual evoked potentials, the absence of inhibition of deep brain structures despite a pronounced coma

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12

Ekerendu, Effiong E., Uchechukwu C. Okoro, Cosmas C. Eze, et al. "Novel Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Synthesis, in silico and in vitro Studies." Asian Journal of Chemistry 35, no. 7 (2023): 1683–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2023.27588.

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The synthesis of new functionalized linear diaza and triaza phenothiazine and phenoxazines and their in silico and in vitro anti-Alzheimer activity is reported. Fifteen new amide derivatives (8-11 & 13-24) were synthesized by the reactions of phenothiazines/phenoxazine (6 or 12) and various aliphatic and aromatic primary amides (7) in the presence of nickel catalyst and anhydrous potassium carbonate under nitrogen atmosphere. The FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HR-MS spectra of the synthesized compounds were in agreement with the assigned structures. All the 15 new derivatives were screened for

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13

Truong, Khuong Tung, Ha Tran Nguyen, and Kien Anh Le. "SYNTHESIS OF PHENOTHIAZINE DERIVATIVES AS NOVEL MOIETIES TOWARD UTILIZATION IN ALTERNATIVE DONOR – ACCEPTOR CONJUGATED POLYMERS." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 56, no. 3B (2018): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/56/3b/12755.

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Two new phenothiazine – based structures, including 4-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)-N,N-diphenylaniline (PDA) and 10-(pyren-1-yl)-10H-phenothiazine (PyP) were synthesized via Buchwald-Hartwig C-N coupling amination using catalytic palladium modulated by electron-rich ligands. Chemical structures were analysed via proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. Then, photo-properties were characterized by UV – Vis absorption spectroscopy in various concentrations of each product. The results showed that PDA and PyP are highly potential donor units for well-performed donor – acceptor conjuga

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14

Gaina, Luiza, Dan Porumb, Ioan Silaghi-Dumitrescu, Castelia Cristea, and Luminita Silaghi-Dumitrescu. "On the microwave-assisted synthesis of acylphenothiazine derivatives — Experiment versus theory synergism." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 88, no. 1 (2010): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v09-163.

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The microwave-assisted synthesis of a series of acylphenothiazine derivatives is described. 10H-Phenothiazine-3-carbaldehyde derivatives were obtained in moderate yields by the Duff formylation reaction, and 10-acetyl-phenothiazine derivatives were obtained in excellent yields by acetylating phenothiazine derivatives with acetic anhydride. A theoretical explanation for the chemoselectivity and regioselectivity of these acylation reactions applied to phenothiazine substrates was attempted by molecular-modeling analyses based on molecular mechanics, and semi-empirical and DFT calculations.

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15

Chang, Cheng-Chung, Chia-Feng Hsieh, Hsing-Ju Wu, Mohamed Ameen, and Tun-Pin Hung. "Investigation of Sonosensitizers Based on Phenothiazinium Photosensitizers." Applied Sciences 12, no. 15 (2022): 7819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12157819.

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The main advantage of sonodynamic therapy (SDT), the combining of ultrasound with a sonosensitizer, over photodynamic therapy (PDT) is that ultrasound penetrates deeper into tissues to activate the sonosensitizer, which offers noninvasive therapy for tumors in a site-oriented approach. In this study, we synthesized two symmetrical phenothiazine derivatives in which the methyl groups of MB (methylene blue) have been replaced by a hexyl and hydroxyethyl chains, named 3,7-bis(dihexylamino)-phenothiazin-5-ium iodide (MB6C) and 3,7-bis(di(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-phenothiazin-5-ium iodide (MBOH), resp

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16

Molnar, Eva, Emese Gal, Luiza Gaina, et al. "Novel Phenothiazine-Bridged Porphyrin-(Hetero)aryl dyads: Synthesis, Optical Properties, In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Staining of Human Ovarian Tumor Cell Lines." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 9 (2020): 3178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21093178.

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We report here the synthetic procedure applied for the preparation of new AB3-type and trans-A2B2 type meso-halogenophenothiazinyl-phenyl-porphyrin derivatives, their metal core complexation and their peripheral modification using Suzuki–Miyaura cross coupling reactions with various (hetero)aryl (phenothiazinyl, 7-formyl-phenothiazinyl, (9-carbazolyl)-phenyl and 4-formyl-phenyl, phenyl) boronic acid derivatives. The meso-phenothiazinyl-phenyl-porphyrin (MPP) dyes family was thus extended by a series of novel phenothiazine-bridged porphyrin-(hetero)aryl dyads characterized by UV–Vis absorption/

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17

Engwa, Godwill Azeh, Eugene Lekem Ayuk, Benardeth Ujunwa Igbojekwe, and Marcellus Unaegbu. "Potential Antioxidant Activity of New Tetracyclic and Pentacyclic Nonlinear Phenothiazine Derivatives." Biochemistry Research International 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9896575.

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The global increase in oxidative stress related diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular, and inflammatory diseases caused by overwhelming level of free radicals in the body has encouraged the search for new antioxidant agents. Based on the ability of newly synthesized phenothiazine derivatives (6-chloro-11-azabenzo[a]phenothiazine-5-one and 6-[4-bromophenyl]-10-methyl-11-azabenzo[a]phenothiazine-5-one) to oxidize H2O2, a known free radical to sulfoxide, this study assessed the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity. The synthesized phenothiazine derivatives exhibited reducing power potentia

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18

Dixit, Yogesh, Rahul Dixit, Naveen Gautam, and D. C. Gautam. "Synthesis of Bioactive Fluorinated 10H-Phenothiazines and their Sulfone Derivatives." E-Journal of Chemistry 5, s1 (2008): 1063–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/809419.

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The present communication deals with the synthesis of a series of fluorinated 10H-phenothiazines. 10H-phenothiazines is prepared by Smiles rearrangement of substituted 2-foramido-2´-nitrodiphenylsulfide. Substituted 2-foramido-2´-nitrodiphenylsulfide were obtained by the reaction of 2-amino-3-fluorobenzenethiol witho-halonitrobenzenes followed by formylation and 1-nitro/1-halo-10H-phenothiazines have been prepared by the reaction of substituted 2-aminobenzenethiols with reactiveo-halonitrobenzene containing a nitro group or halogen atom ato-position to the reactive halogen atom directly yielde

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19

Otreba, Michal, Anna Rzepecka-Stojko, Tiago Rodrigues, Anna Kleczka, Agata Kabała-Dzik, and Jerzy Stojko. "Antioxidant Activity of Prochlorperazine Dimaleate." Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research 81, no. 6 (2025): 981–92. https://doi.org/10.32383/appdr/200888.

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Reactive oxygen species participate in many physiological processes of the body, but their excess disturbs the metabolic balance and leads to an unfavorable phenomenon called oxidative stress. Several mechanisms account for ROS elimination. One of the antioxidants may be phenothiazine derivatives because of the basic chemical structure – the phenothiazine ring. The study aimed to assess the antioxidant activity of prochlorperazine dimaleate, a phenothiazine derivative, and compare it with reference antioxidants (Trolox and ascorbic acid). Thus, we investigated ABTS, DPPH, CUPRAC, FRAP, and sca

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20

Khadieva, Alena, Olga Mostovaya, Pavel Padnya, et al. "Arylamine Analogs of Methylene Blue: Substituent Effect on Aggregation Behavior and DNA Binding." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (2021): 5847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115847.

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The synthesis of new phenothiazine derivatives, analogs of Methylene Blue, is of particular interest in the design of new drugs, as well as in the development of a new generation of agents for photodynamic therapy. In this study, two new derivatives of phenothiazine, i.e., 3,7-bis(4-aminophenylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride dihydrochloride (PTZ1) and 3,7-bis(4-sulfophenylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium chloride (PTZ2), are synthesized for the first time and characterized by NMR, IR spectroscopy, HRMS and elemental analysis. The interaction of the obtained compounds PTZ1 and PTZ2 with salmon sperm

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21

Khadieva, Alena, Mansur Rayanov, Ksenia Shibaeva, Alexandr Piskunov, Pavel Padnya, and Ivan Stoikov. "Towards Asymmetrical Methylene Blue Analogues: Synthesis and Reactivity of 3-N′-Arylaminophenothiazines." Molecules 27, no. 9 (2022): 3024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27093024.

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The search for new ways to obtain analogues of the well-known Methylene Blue dye is an important synthetic task. Herein, we proposed and developed an approach to the synthesis of 3-N′-arylaminophenothiazines and asymmetrical 3,7-di(N′-arylamino)phenothiazines. This approach included the optimization of synthetic strategy by quantification analysis of the positive charge distribution in the cation of 3-N′-arylaminophenothiazine derivative. The obtained experimental data are confirmed by DFT studies. Two synthetic routes for asymmetrical phenothiazine diarylamino derivatives were suggested and v

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22

Marumo, Akemi, Takeshi Kumazawa, Xiao-Pen Lee, et al. "Analysis of Phenothiazines in Human Body Fluids Using Disk Solid-Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 88, no. 6 (2005): 1655–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/88.6.1655.

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Abstract Seven phenothiazine derivatives, perazine, perphenazine, prochlorperazine, propericiazine, thioproperazine, trifluoperazine, and flupentixol, have been found to be extractable from human plasma and urine samples using disk solid-phase extraction (SPE) with an Empore C18 cartridge. Human plasma and urine (1 mL each) containing the 7 phenothiazine derivatives were mixed with 2 mL of 0.1M NaOH and 7 mL distilled water and then poured into the disk SPE cartridges. The drugs were eluted with 1 mL chloroform– acetonitrile (8 + 2) and determined by liquid chromatography with ammonium formate

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23

K. Upadhyay, R., Megha S. Upadhyay, and S. Jain. "Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of 1-[2-(10-p-Chlorobenzyl) phenothiazinyl]-3-(substituted aryl)-2-propen-1-ones." E-Journal of Chemistry 6, s1 (2009): S254—S258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/901646.

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Aiming at the development of antimicrobial agents, we have synthesized nine chlorobenzyl substituted phenothiazinyl chalcones by condensing 2-acetyl phenothiazine with aldehyde derivatives in dilute ethanolic sodium hydroxide solution at room temperature according to Claisen - Schmidt condensation and subsequent reaction of products withp-chlorobenzyl bromide. Structures of these compounds were elucidated by their IR, 'H NMR spectroscopic data and microonalyses. The antimicrobial activity of the new products was evaluated by Filter Paper Disc Method.

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Yun, Dae Hee, Han Sol Yoo, Yong Sung Park, and Je Wan Woo. "Synthesis of Phenothiazine Derivatives Containing Hetero Atom and Analysis of Conductive Polymer." Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (December 2011): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.153.

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In this study, new conductive polymers were synthesized based on phenothiazine. Phenothiazine has a structure containing nitrogen and sulfur atoms, hetero atoms and is known to be a good material to transmit holes. However, its solubility is low and there is a difficulty when it is used as a transcription-type material. Hence, various alkyl groups were substituted in the nitrogen location of phenothiazine so that they could be used to synthesize polymers as monomers. Four types of compounds, Poly (10-n-butyl-phenothiazine) sulfide (PBPS), Poly (10-n-hexyl-phenothiazine) sulfide (PHPS), Poly (1

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25

Khelwati, Hilla, Adam W. Franz, Zhou Zhou, Werner R. Thiel, and Thomas J. J. Müller. "Triazolyl Conjugated (Oligo)Phenothiazines Building Blocks for Hybrid Materials—Synthesis and Electronic Properties." Molecules 26, no. 10 (2021): 2950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26102950.

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The Cu-catalyzed alkyne-azide 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition variant provides a highly efficient entry to conjugated triazolyl-substituted (oligo)phenothiazine organosilicon derivatives with luminescence and reversible redox characteristics. Furthermore, by in-situ co-condensation synthesis several representative mesoporous MCM-41 type silica hybrid materials with embedded (oligo)phenothiazines are prepared and characterized with respect to their structural and electronic properties. The hybrid materials also can be oxidized to covalently bound embedded radical cations, which are identified by thei

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Dara, Abhilasha, I. Supriya, Sk Aneesa, K. Chennakesava, and P. Sindhu. "Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Phenothiazines for Cancer Exploring through Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities." Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy 13, no. 10 (2024): 419–18. https://doi.org/10.36347/sajp.2024.v13i10.002.

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Cancer is defined as development of number of abnormal cells by uncontrollable cell division leads to the tissue detriment. It has the ability to spread throughout the body. Cancer is second-leading disease to cause the death in the world. Now-a-days survival rate for cancer may increase through the treatment. In this study, the cancer is treated by exploring the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of novel Phenothiazines. Because anti-oxidants play a vital role in treatment of cancer by reducing the oxidative stress, abnormal cell division reduction, decrease in DNA damage, and reduce

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CZARNY, ANNA, EWA ZACZYŃSKA, MAŁGORZATA JELEŃ, et al. "Antimicrobial Properties of Substituted quino[3,2-b]benzo[1,4]thiazines." Polish Journal of Microbiology 63, no. 3 (2014): 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2014-044.

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Our previous studies demonstrated that among phenothiazines several derivatives could be found showing strong antiproliferative actions and the property of inhibiting inducible tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF a) production in human blood cultures. The aim of this investigation was to determine potential antimicrobial actions of forty four new phenothiazine derivatives with the quinobenzothiazine structure. The compounds showed differential antibacterial and antifungal activities against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans depending on the compo

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M., B. HOGALE, and S. DESHMUKH DILIP. "Synthesis of some New Phenothiazine Derivatives." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 66, Mar 1989 (1989): 212–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6156240.

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Parkash, Ram, Hari Om Gupta, and Jatinder Dutt. "Chronopotentiometric studies of certain biologically important compounds at tubular graphite electrode." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 56, no. 9 (1991): 1833–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19911833.

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The chronopotentiometric studies of certain phenothiazines in hydrodynamic systems at a solution flow-through tubular graphite electrode were carried out in sulfuric acid of different concentrations. A well-defined single wave (involving 2 electrons) in 0.1M H2SO4 and two waves (involving 1 electron each) in 2.0M H2SO4 were observed. Phenothiazines are oxidized trough the formation of a monocation radical by the elimination of one electron from the lone pair of N-atom. The monocation radical is stable in sulfuric acid of a moderate concentration and is unstable in neutral or less acidic soluti

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30

Awad, Mohamed K., Saida A. El-Enien, and Mohammed H. Rizk. "Quantitative Structure-Trypanocidal Activity Relationship Analysis of Phenothiazine Derivatives." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 9 (2011): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/sept2013/20.

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31

Iqbal, Nadeem, and Yoshio Ueno. "Synthesis of crowned phenothiazine derivatives." Monatshefte f�r Chemie Chemical Monthly 123, no. 1-2 (1992): 199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01045311.

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32

Odin, E.M., S.A. Egu, and K.J. Okere. "Palladium Catalyzed Anilino Analogues of Angular Penta-Cyclic Phenothiazines: Novel Human Cholinesterases Inhibitors." Pharmaceutical and Chemical Journal 7, no. 2 (2020): 43–53. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13952327.

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The synthesis of novel 8-chloro12H- 5,14- di hydro- quinoxalino [2,3, a] – penta cyclic phenothiazine (16) and its anilino derivatives (18 a-h) are reported. The preparation followed the water-mediated catalyst pre-activation method as reported by Buchwald and co-workers. Structures were established by analytical and spectral data. The compounds (18 a-h) were evaluated for inhibitory potency against Acetylcholineesterase (AChE) and Butyrylchlolinesterase (BChE). The tested pentacyclic phenothiazines showed IC<sub>50</sub> values for both AChE and BChE in the range of 1.26 nM to 84.69 nM.

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Odom, Susan A. "Overcharge protection of lithium-ion batteries with phenothiazine redox shuttles." New Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 8 (2021): 3750–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nj05935h.

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Rabkin, Marshall. "Rapid Microchemical Identification of Four Phenothiazine Antiemetics with Gold Bromide and Iodine-Potassium Iodide Reagents: Collaborative Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 68, no. 3 (1985): 527–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/68.3.527.

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Abstract A microchemical method was developed for the rapid identification of 4 phenothiazine antiemetics. Perphenazine, promethazine, thiethylperazine, and triflupromazine were positively identified and differentiated with the aid of a gold bromide reagent and an iodine-potassium iodide reagent. Only promethazine and triflupromazine yielded microcrystalline derivatives with gold bromide; only perphenazine and thiethylperazine reacted with iodine-potassium iodide. For each pair of positive reactions, the crystalline products were morphologically distinguishable under a microscope. The 2 tests

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Abdallah, Mira, Thanh-Tuân Bui, Fabrice Goubard, et al. "Phenothiazine derivatives as photoredox catalysts for cationic and radical photosensitive resins for 3D printing technology and photocomposite synthesis." Polymer Chemistry 10, no. 45 (2019): 6145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9py01265f.

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Arivazhagan, C., Partha Malakar, R. Jagan, Edamana Prasad, and Sundargopal Ghosh. "Dimesitylboryl-functionalised cyanostilbene derivatives of phenothiazine: distinctive polymorphism-dependent emission and mechanofluorochromism." CrystEngComm 20, no. 23 (2018): 3162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ce00250a.

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Andac, Cenk A. "Facile microwave synthesis of a novel phenothiazine derivative and its cytotoxic activity." Organic Communications 13, no. 4 (2020): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25135/acg.oc.86.20.10.1853.

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Herein, a facile procedure for microwave synthesis and NMR characterization of phenothiazine derivatives 10-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-(methylsulphanyl)-10H-phenothiazine (3) (25% yield) and 1-[3-(2-methylsulfanyl-10H-phenothiazine-10-yl)-propyl]pyrimidine-2,4-(1H,3H)-dione (6) (67% yield) is described. After successful microwave synthesis steps, MTT cytotoxicity experiments gave rise to greater anticancer effect of compound 6 in MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (IC50= 1.35 µM) as compared to literature values for tamoxifen (IC50= 8.3 µM) and doxorubicin (IC50= 27 µM).

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Khan, Faizal, Anupama Ekbote, and Rajneesh Misra. "Reversible mechanochromism and aggregation induced enhanced emission in phenothiazine substituted tetraphenylethylene." New Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 41 (2019): 16156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj03290h.

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Zhang, Lu, Xin Huang, Shan Zhen, et al. "Pd-Catalyzed double N-arylation of primary amines to synthesize phenoxazines and phenothiazines." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 15, no. 30 (2017): 6306–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ob01540b.

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Zhang, Tong, Yanning Han, Jianzhong Huo, and Pengchong Xue. "Effect of electron-withdrawing moieties on mechanochromism of phenothiazine derivatives." CrystEngComm 22, no. 31 (2020): 5137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ce00770f.

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Posso, Marina C., Fernanda C. Domingues, Susana Ferreira, and Samuel Silvestre. "Development of Phenothiazine Hybrids with Potential Medicinal Interest: A Review." Molecules 27, no. 1 (2022): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010276.

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The molecular hybridization approach has been used to develop compounds with improved efficacy by combining two or more pharmacophores of bioactive scaffolds. In this context, hybridization of various relevant pharmacophores with phenothiazine derivatives has resulted in pertinent compounds with diverse biological activities, interacting with specific or multiple targets. In fact, the development of new drugs or drug candidates based on phenothiazine system has been a promising approach due to the diverse activities associated with this tricyclic system, traditionally present in compounds with

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Viola, Giampietro, and Francesco Dall'Acqua. "Photosensitization of Biomolecules by Phenothiazine Derivatives." Current Drug Targets 7, no. 9 (2006): 1135–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138945006778226561.

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Debord, Jean, Louis Merle, Jean-Claude Bollinger, and Thierry Dantoine. "Inhibition of Butyrylcholinesterase by Phenothiazine Derivatives." Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry 17, no. 3 (2002): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1475636021000003165.

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Piette, Jacques, Jean Decuyper, Marie-Paule Merville-Louis, and Albert Van De Vorst. "Biomolecular photoalterations mediated by phenothiazine derivatives." Biochimie 68, no. 6 (1986): 835–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-9084(86)80098-0.

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Michałowski, Jacek, Anatol Kojło, Beata Magnuszewska, and Marek Trojanowicz. "Flow-injection biamperometry of phenothiazine derivatives." Analytica Chimica Acta 289, no. 3 (1994): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2670(94)90010-8.

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Shinmen, Natsuko, Xiao-Pen Lee, Takeshi Kumazawa, et al. "Simultaneous Determination of Some Phenothiazine Derivatives in Human Blood by Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography with Nitrogen-Phosphorus Detection." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 91, no. 6 (2008): 1354–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/91.6.1354.

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Abstract Chlorpromazine, levomepromazine, promazine, triflupromazine, and trimeprazine were simultaneously determined in human whole blood and plasma by combining headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography with nitrogenphosphorus detection. Extraction efficiency for the phenothiazine derivatives was 0.0130.117 for both sample types. Regression equations were linear [correlation coefficient (r) 0.99510.9999] within the range 2.5200 ng/0.5 mL for triflupromazine and trimeprazine, and 6.3200 ng/0.5 mL for chlorpromazine, levomepromazine, and promazine. The limit of detection for

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Thériault, Kim D., and Todd C. Sutherland. "Optical and electrochemical properties of ethynylaniline derivatives of phenothiazine, phenothiazine-5-oxide and phenothiazine-5,5-dioxide." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, no. 24 (2014): 12266–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp00678j.

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Seo, Hyowon, Difan Zhang, and T. Alan Hatton. "Experimental and Virtual Screening of Phenazine and Phenothiazine Derivatives in Aqueous Solution for Electrochemical Carbon Capture." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 27 (2023): 1772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01271772mtgabs.

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Molecular redox-active compounds, including quinone and aza-aromatics, have emerged as tools for capturing carbon dioxide using renewable electricity. Given the vast and highly diverse chemical space of the candidate compounds, accessing their electrochemical properties in a rapid way is attractive for both experimental and virtual screening approaches. Here we present a study on the experimental screening of a series of commercial redox-active compounds. Phenazine and phenothiazine dyes have been experimentally tested for applications in electrochemical carbon capture, for which they are find

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Elena, Glodeanu, Silberg I., Pleniceanua Maria, and Spinua C. "New phenothiazine compounds with dyeing properties." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 76, Aug 1999 (1999): 412–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5852210.

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Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Craiova, A. I. Cuza, 13, Romania Department of Chemistry, University Babes-Bolyai Cluj-Napoca, Romania <em>Manuscript received 8 June 1998, revised 10 March 1999, accepted 17 May 1999</em> Some new phenothiazine derivatives with dyeing properties have been synthesised. With the help of a difunctional compound, 1,4-bisbromomethylbenzene (2), the framework of 1-amino-8-hydroxynaphthaline-3,5-bisulphonic acid (4) is introduced and its skeleton grafted with azo derivatives of some aromatic amines (6) to yield the azo dyes (7).

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Xie, Feng-Ming, Qingdong Ou, Qiang Zhang, et al. "Two novel blue phosphorescent host materials containing phenothiazine-5,5-dioxide structure derivatives." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 14 (April 17, 2018): 869–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.14.73.

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Two novel D–A bipolar blue phosphorescent host materials based on phenothiazine-5,5-dioxide: 3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-10-ethyl-10H-phenothiazine-5,5-dioxide (CEPDO) and 10-butyl-3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-10H-phenothiazine-5,5-dioxide (CBPDO) were synthesized and characterized. The photophysical, electrochemical and thermal properties were systematically investigated. CEPDO and CBPDO not only have a high triplet energy but also show a bipolar behavior. Moreover, their fluorescence emission peaks are in the blue fluorescence region at 408 nm and the fluorescence quantum efficiency (Φ) of CEPDO and CBPDO

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