Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Phenothiazine'
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Xiao, Shaorong. "The electrochemistry of phenothiazine derivatives." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2000. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20876/.
Full textJones, T. "Structure disposition relationships amongst phenothiazine drugs." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379191.
Full textAntunes, Edith Martins. "Stability of prochlorperazine in solution and in the solid-state." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016399.
Full textDrummond, Patricia Mary. "A comparative photostability study of four propyl piperzine-substituted phenothiazines." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003234.
Full textFenart, Naud Dominique. "La photosensibilite au neuriplege : a propos de 8 observations, photo-allergie croisee entre la chlorproethazine et les autres phenothiazines." Lille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL2M103.
Full textSilenzi, Ilaria. "Synthesis, characterization and conformational studies of bis-phenothiazine-aryl-boranes." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19201/.
Full textShirdel, Javid. "Photo-physical characterization of flavin-pyrene-phenothiazine molecular photonic complexes." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=985128062.
Full textWilson, Beth. "Syntheses and DNA Interactions of Acridine and Phenothiazine Based Photosensitizers." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/chemistry_diss/8.
Full textTakorabet, Lila. "Immuno-régulation de la fonction thyroïdienne par une phenothiazine, l'alimemazine." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05CD05.
Full textMeary, Alexandre. "Schizophrenie et cancer du poumon." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA062055.
Full textCollini, Melissa A. "Synthesis and Studies of AzaBODIPY Derived Donor-Acceptor Systems for Light Induced Charge Separation." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404570/.
Full textFadiran, E. O. "Assay of phenothiazine sulphoxides by and temperature effects in second derivative spectrofluorimetry." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371950.
Full textHart, Aaron S. "Substitution Effects of Phenothiazine and Porphyrin Dyes in Dye-sensitized Solar Cells." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc407837/.
Full text潘多海 and Duohai Pan. "Nanosecond time-resolved resonance Raman and ab initio studies of triplet states and radical cations of halobiphenyls and the radicalcations of phenothiazine, promazine, and chloropromazine." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31240860.
Full textPan, Duohai. "Nanosecond time-resolved resonance Raman and ab initio studies of triplet states and radical cations of halobiphenyls and the radical cations of phenothiazine, promazine, and chloropromazine /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22237665.
Full textGolriz, Seyed Ahmad Ali [Verfasser]. "Phenothiazine based polymers for energy and data storage application / Seyed Ahmad Ali Golriz." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1034293931/34.
Full textKhelwati, Hilla [Verfasser]. "Synthese und Charakterisierung neuartiger Phenothiazine zur Darstellung von redoxaktiven mesoporösen Organokieselgelen / Hilla Khelwati." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1214439586/34.
Full textPeters, Jennifer Margaret 1956. "Synthesis and monoamine uptake inhibiting properties of perisubstituted tricyclic compounds." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291828.
Full textLamprianidis, Panagiotis. "Photoredox catalysis with 10-phenyl-10H- phenothiazine and synthesis of a photocatalytic chiral proline-based organocatalyst." Thesis, KTH, Organisk kemi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-293510.
Full textApplikationer av photoredox-katalys med syftet att generera nya syntetiska vägar inom organisk och hållbar kemi är populära ämnen i organisk syntes idag. I denna studien undersöktes för första gången syntesen av en kiral prolinbaserad organokatalysator som är funktionaliserad med fotokatalytiska enheter (10-fenyl-10H-fenotiazin (PTH)). Den fotokatalytiska aktiviteten av PTH studerades för olika organiska reaktioner, såsom t.ex. dehalogenering av aromatiska halider och pinacolkopplingar mellan aromatiska aldehyder. Dessa transformationer är annars svåra att uppnå utan en lämplig fotokatalysator och reaktionerna utfördes med måttliga till höga utbyten.
Schlauderer, Florian Michael [Verfasser], and Karl-Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Hopfner. "Structural and functional analysis of MALT1 inhibition by phenothiazine derivatives / Florian Michael Schlauderer ; Betreuer: Karl-Peter Hopfner." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1125371641/34.
Full textMICHELOT, GUENDAL. "Etude de la synthese de deux molecules d'interet industriel : l'acide 3-(r)-phenyl-butyrique et la 2-methylthio-phenothiazine." Rennes 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN1A003.
Full textShinde, D. B. "Design, synthesis and evaluation of solution processable small organic molecules for applications in organic electronics." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2018. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/4571.
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Dirksen, Elena [Verfasser], Thomas J. J. [Gutachter] Müller, and Klaus [Gutachter] Schaper. "Synthese neuartiger Acceptor-substituierter Phenothiazine als Systeme für photoinduzierten intramolekularen Elektronentransfer / Elena Dirksen ; Gutachter: Thomas J. J. Müller, Klaus Schaper." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1189901714/34.
Full textRechmann, Julian [Verfasser], Andreas Gutachter] Erbe, and Axel [Gutachter] [Rosenhahn. "Modification of metal surface electronic properties by phenothiazine-based SAMs / Julian Rechmann ; Gutachter: Andreas Erbe, Axel Rosenhahn ; Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2020. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:294-69146.
Full textRechmann, Julian [Verfasser], Andreas [Gutachter] Erbe, and Axel [Gutachter] Rosenhahn. "Modification of metal surface electronic properties by phenothiazine-based SAMs / Julian Rechmann ; Gutachter: Andreas Erbe, Axel Rosenhahn ; Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1204258538/34.
Full textVersäumer, Marina. "Supramolecular coordination cages based on bispyridyl-ligands with redox properties." Doctoral thesis, Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002B-7C2F-E.
Full textManuel, Christian. "Les neuroleptiques phénothiaziniques peuvent-ils induire une activité antimicrobienne circulante chez des patients traités ?" Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P227.
Full textAlsaleh, Ajyal Zaki. "Spectral, Electrochemical, and Solar Cell Studies of Peripheral Modified Carboxy Zinc Porphyrins." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1505284/.
Full textGodet-Bar, Thibault. "Synthèse et étude physico-chimique de nouveaux matériaux organiques d'électrode positive à base de phénothiazine pour les applications dans les accumulateurs au lithium." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENI022.
Full textThe aim of this work is to develop phenothiazine-based redox organic materials for lithium positive electrode. Comparatively to inorganic materials, organic ones can constitute clear break by decreasing the cost, toxicity and security issues while keeping good performances. In that purpose, redox materials involving phenothiazine moieties have been synthesized, characterized, then, their electrochemical properties have been analyzed electrochemically, the most promising ones have been tested in lithium and sodium cells. The redox target chosen, the phenothiazine, has been polymerized and functionalized onto phosphazene backbone. Cell tests showed material dissolution contribution has to be avoided. In this context, insoluble polyphenothiazine and cross-linkable copolymers were able to upgrade significantly the cyclability and the energetic performances of lithium cells. Moreover, sodium cells with a poor lipophilic anion showed lower dissolution contribution. Carbon grafting by phenothiazine has also been investigated. It has been performed by electrochemical and chemical means and has led to promising electrochemical performances
Oliveira, Daniela Silva Barroso de. "aPDT: fotossensibilizadores e tempos de exposição de luz não inluenciaram na resposta tecidual de camundongos isogênicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58135/tde-22112016-101954/.
Full textThe aim of this study was to evaluate the response of subcutaneous connective tissue of isogenic mice after Antimicrobial Therapy (aPDT), using two photosensitizers, Phenothiazine Derivative (Helbo Blue) and Curcumin, at different laser application times (30 seconds, 1 minute or 2 minutes). One hundred and forty one (141) BALB/c isogenic mice were used, which had the subcutaneous connective tissue exposed to the two photosensitizers, followed by irradiation with laser diode to the Phenothiazine derivatives group, and LED to the Curcumin group. Three irradiation times were used to each photosensitizer: 30 seconds, 1 minute and 2 minutes. At the end of each experimental period (7, 21 and 63 days), a sample of the subcutaneous connective tissue, was collected and histotechnical processing was performed. Inflammatory process was described by qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis, using scores. Additionally, immunohistochemical technique was performed to identify neutrophils and macrophages. Data obtained was analyzed by the statistical program Sigma Plot 12.0®, using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Dunn\'s post-test, when significant difference was found between groups. The significance level adopted was 5%. It was also possible to observe that, in relation with the parameters: fiber collagen formation, tissue thickness and inflammatory infiltrate, at the initial period of 7 days, the tissue alteration were of small significance (p<0.05). At 21-days period, only the inflammatory infiltrate parameter presented variation between groups (p<0.05). In the later time point of 63 days, it was observed tissue compatibility regarding the two photosensitizers (Phenothiazine Derivative and Curcumin) with no differences in the evaluated parameters or the laser application times.
Stutzmann, Aurélien. "Synthèse de dérivés de la phénothiazine et étude de leur rôle d'inhibiteurs de la résistance aux antibiotiques chez les Burkholderiaceae." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0628.
Full textIf antibiotic drugs improved the prognosis of infectious diseases, the appearance of antimicrobial resistance and deliberate genetic modifications could be followed by the worrying emergence of highly virulent pathogens resistant to usual antibiotics. Thus, Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) became a major problem to treat infections involving Gram negative bacteria. The overexpression of efflux mechanisms contributes to a great extent to antibiotic resistance and the inhibition of these mechanisms increasingly interest research areas.Phenothiazines are the most promising molecules of the 20th century. The presence of substituent in C-2 position on the tricyclic structure and the one of alkyl amino chain in N-10 position proved their critical activity as neuroleptic, antihistaminic and antihelmintic drugs. An anti-MDR activity has also been put into evidence against cancers and tuberculosis, but the mechanism by which molecules would inhibit efflux is not well known yet. Different phenothiazine derivatives have been synthesized in order to better understand this mechanism and to draw the physicochemical properties involved in Burkholderia pseudomallei. This Gram negative bacterium is responsible of melioidosis and classified as potential bioterrorism infectious agent. This bacterium is indeed extremely pathogenic and has a very low susceptibility to most classes of antibiotics. The activity of phenothiazine derivatives was evaluated using the Etest® method in Burkholderia thailandensis, the non-pathogenic study model
Stutzmann, Aurélien. "Synthèse de dérivés de la phénothiazine et étude de leur rôle d'inhibiteurs de la résistance aux antibiotiques chez les Burkholderiaceae." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0628.
Full textIf antibiotic drugs improved the prognosis of infectious diseases, the appearance of antimicrobial resistance and deliberate genetic modifications could be followed by the worrying emergence of highly virulent pathogens resistant to usual antibiotics. Thus, Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) became a major problem to treat infections involving Gram negative bacteria. The overexpression of efflux mechanisms contributes to a great extent to antibiotic resistance and the inhibition of these mechanisms increasingly interest research areas.Phenothiazines are the most promising molecules of the 20th century. The presence of substituent in C-2 position on the tricyclic structure and the one of alkyl amino chain in N-10 position proved their critical activity as neuroleptic, antihistaminic and antihelmintic drugs. An anti-MDR activity has also been put into evidence against cancers and tuberculosis, but the mechanism by which molecules would inhibit efflux is not well known yet. Different phenothiazine derivatives have been synthesized in order to better understand this mechanism and to draw the physicochemical properties involved in Burkholderia pseudomallei. This Gram negative bacterium is responsible of melioidosis and classified as potential bioterrorism infectious agent. This bacterium is indeed extremely pathogenic and has a very low susceptibility to most classes of antibiotics. The activity of phenothiazine derivatives was evaluated using the Etest® method in Burkholderia thailandensis, the non-pathogenic study model
Ahmed, A. M. S. "Micellization of phenothiazines and their interaction with liposomes." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372325.
Full textDunbar, Philip Gordon. "Approaches to the synthesis of pentacyclic dibenzazepines and phenothiazines." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184295.
Full textFerrara, Daro 1961. "DETECTION OF PHENOTHIAZINES USING COATED WIRE ION-SELECTIVE ELECTRODES." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276493.
Full textCarvalho, Ludmilla Tonani. "Caracterização do perfil de susceptibilidade de isolados clínicos de Neoscytalidium dimidiatum e N. dimidiatum var. hyalinum aos antifúngicos e a fotossensibilizadores." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17131/tde-20072016-083551/.
Full textNeoscytalidium sp. is increasingly being associated with superficial and deep infections in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. The filamentous fungus Neoscytalidium dimidiatum is a saprophytic and plant pathogenic microorganism that is found in soil and vegetation of tropical and subtropical regions. N. dimidiatum var. hyalinum and N. dimidiatum are involved in superficial skin and nail infections. The melanin producer N. dimidiatum is preferably associated with deep infections suggesting that the clinical isolate without melanin, N. dimidiatum var. hyalinum, may be less virulent than the pigmented variety. Little is described in the literature regarding the varieties N. dimidiatum and N. dimidiatum var. hyalinum about the sensitivity to antifungal drugs and photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT), and the physiological characteristics related to the growth at different temperature and pH. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate clinical isolates of N. dimidiatum and N. dimidiatum var. hyalinum obtained from skin and nail infections. Here in this study were performed the molecular identification, multilocus phylogeny, the in vitro characterization of development at different temperatures and pHs, and the characterization of in vitro susceptibility to antifungal agents and PACT with phenotiazinium photosensitizers (PSs), as well the PACT effects on the biomolecules of the Neoscytalidium spp. arthroconidia. The multilocus phylogeny was performed by sequencing seven different loci where polymorphism were identified in the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) 1 region of rDNA and in the genes ?-tubulin (TUB), elongation factor 1? (EF1) and Histone H3 (HH3). The grouping of the clinical isolates from this study in different genotypes allowed the clustering in 6 sequence types (ST), in which the ST5 was composed exclusively by all N dimidiatum var. hyalinum isolates from this study. The analysis of development at different temperatures and pHs showed a reduced colony size for all N. dimidiatum var. hyalinum isolates. Amphotericin B, voriconazole and terbinafine were the most effective antifungal for both varieties. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) values found for the azoles derivatives were low for all N. dimidiatum var. hyalinum isolates. N. dimidiatum clinical isolates have shown to be less sensitive to PACT with the PS methylene blue (MB), new methylene blue (NMBN), toluidine blue O (TBO) and new synthetic derivative (S137) when compared to hyaline variety. NMBN and S137 have shown more effectiveness for the inactivation of Neoscytalidium spp. Additionally, all PS in PACT have caused plasma membrane permeability, although only NMBN and S137 showed the production of malondialdehyde (MDA), i.e., caused lipid peroxidation in both N. dimidiatum and hyaline variety
Omoruyi, Sylvester Ifeanyi. "Investigating the anti-cancer activity of novel phenothiazines in glioblastoma." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6329.
Full textGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains the most malignant of all primary adult brain tumours. It is a highly invasive and vascularized neoplasm with limited treatment options and very low survival rate. GBM tumours are heterogeneous in nature with cellular hierarchy and at the apex of this hierarchy are the glioblastoma stem cells, known to promote tumourigenesis and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and tumour recurrence. Currently, the standard care for GBM involves surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy treatment with temozolomide. Unfortunately, median survival after treatment is still daunting and tumour relapse is very frequent. Indeed, patients with recurrent glioblastoma have less than a year survival. To address this, novel therapies need to be developed with the early introduction of promising agents into clinical trials and subsequent approval for use. Importantly, for these novel therapies to be approved for GBM, they need to be safe, effective as well as being able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Due to the high cost and process time for the development of new drugs, existing approved drugs are currently being repurposed for new indications and this is gaining significance in clinical pharmacology as it allows rapid delivery of useful drugs from bench to bedside. Drugs of the antipsychotic class are well known to cross the BBB due to their neuroleptic action. To this end, the aim of this study was to identify and characterize the anti-cancer activities of novel phenothiazine-derivatives belonging to the antipsychotic class of drugs in glioblastoma. To achieve this, several novel phenothiazine-derivatives were initially screened for possible anti-cancer activity in the U87 and U251 malignant GBM cells. Two lead compounds, DS00326 and DS00329, were identified and their anti-cancer activities were determined in U87 and U251 cells as well as in primary patient-derived xenograft (PDX) glioblastoma cultures. DS00326 and DS00329 significantly inhibited glioblastoma cell viability, with minimal effects observed in the non-cancerous FG0 fibroblasts. The IC50 values of DS00326 and DS00329 for U251, U87 and PDX cells ranged from 1.61 to 12.53μM. Flow cytometry analyses showed that DS00326 and DS00329 treatment led to an increase in the G1 population of cells. Additionally, DS00326 and DS00329 induced double-strand DNA breaks, which lead to activation of the canonical DNA damage response pathway. Furthermore, DS00326 and DS00329 induced apoptosis as shown by morphological markers, flow cytometry with annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining, as well as western blotting with an antibody to detect levels of cleaved PARP. Interestingly, treatment with DS00326 and DS00329 also induced autophagy as evident by the increase of acidic vesicular organelles in cells following staining with acridine orange as well as an increase in levels of the autophagy marker LC3-II. Autophagy was seen as a pro-death pathway in the U87 and U251 cells as inhibition of autophagy led to a reversal of cytotoxicity and consequently increased cell survival. Moreover, it was demonstrated that DS00326 and DS00329 inhibited the PI3/Akt pathway while modulating the mitogen-activated protein kinases p38, ERK1/2 and JNK signalling pathways. Importantly DS00326 and DS00329 displayed anti-cancer stem cell activities by the inhibition of neurosphere formation and regulation of stem cell markers SOX2 and GFAP in PDX cells. Together, the findings from this study suggest that DS00326 and DS00329 may be effective in the treatment of glioblastoma and provide a strong rationale for further clinical studies exploiting phenothiazines and their derivatives as treatments for glioblastoma.
2021-09-01
GUEVARA, ELMER AUGUSTO CUEVA. "FOTODEGRADATION OF PHENOTHIAZINES AND THEIR STRUCTURAL EFFECTS ON NA(+)K(+) - ATPASE: A FLUORESCENCE STUDY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=15952@1.
Full textClorpromazina (CPZ), flufenazina (FPZ) e trifluperazina (TFP) são derivados de fenotiazinas que, sob irradiação UV, geram fotoprodutos. Observouse que CPZ desenvolve três fotoprodutos fluorescentes em diferentes condições. A promazina (PZ) se forma da fotólise de CPZ pela quebra da ligação com o cloro. A saída do cloro é um dos principais caminhos para a formação de outros fotoprodutos, sendo também um requisito para formação de dímeros e trímeros de CPZ. O segundo produto fluorescente é a espécie sulfóxida, que se desenvolve em presença de oxigênio somente em meio ácido e tem pico de fluorescência em (aproximadamente) 370 nm. A terceira espécie, com pico triplo de emissão e máximo em 352 nm, se desenvolve predominantemente em ausência de oxigênio. Observou-se que as taxas de formação dos fotoprodutos fluorescentes são maiores em meio ácido. FPZ e TFP apresentaram o mesmo fotoproduto fluorescente (emissão (aproximadamente) 410 nm), espécie que se desenvolve em presença de O2 com as mesmas características da espécie sulfóxida. A fluorescência do fotoproduto da TFP foi testada como sensor de radiação UV e para detecção de pequenas quantidades de oxigênio. Estudando as interações com membranas contendo a enzima Na(+), K(+)-ATPase, mostrou-se que as fenotiazinas alteram a estrutura lipídica da membrana, já que aumentam a anisotropia de fluorescência da sonda de membrana DPH. Os resultados da interação das fenotiazinas com resíduos de triptofano da proteína mostraram supressão de fluorescência de mais da metade dos triptofanos, sem transferência de energia. A estrutura local do sítio de ATP na proteína Na(+), K(+)-ATPase, marcado com a sonda fluorescente FITC, não foi afetada pela interação com as fenotiazinas, sugerindo que a localização do sítio de ligação das fenotiazinas com a enzima fica longe do sítio de ATP.
Chlorpromazine (CPZ), fluphenazine (FPZ) and trifluoperazine (TFP) are phenothiazine derivatives, which generate photoproducts under UV irradiation. We observed that CPZ develops three fluorescent fotoproducts under different conditions. Promazine (PZ) that forms from the CPZ photolysis. The chlorine loss is one of the main pathways for photoproduct formation and it seems to be a requirement for development of CPZ dimers or trimers. The sulfoxide species with fluorescence peak at (aprroxomately) 370 nm develops in the presence of oxygen only in acid conditions. Another fluorescent species with structured emission and maximum at 352 nm develops primarily in the absence of oxygen. It was observed that the development rates of all fluorescent photoproduct are greater under acidic conditions. FPZ and TFP presented the same fluorescent photoproduct (emission (approximately) 410 nm), which develops in the presence of O2 with the same characteristics as the sulfoxide derivative. The fluorescence of the TFP photoproduct was tested as a UV sensor and a sensor for detection of small amounts of oxygen. Studying the interactions with Na+, K+-ATPase enriched membranes, phenothiazines were shown to modify the membrane lipid structure since they increased the fluorescence anisotropy of the membrane probe DPH. The results of phenothiazine interaction with tryptophan residues of the enzyme showed fluorescence quenching of (approximately) 50% of the tryptophan residues, without energy transfer. The local structure of the Na(+), K(+)-ATPase ATP binding site, labeled with FITC, was not affected by the interaction with the phenothiazines, suggesting that the phenothiazine sites are far from the ATP binding site.
Otteny, Fabian [Verfasser], and Birgit [Akademischer Betreuer] Esser. "Redoxaktive Polymere auf Basis von Phenothiazin, Phenoxazin, Phenazin und Terephthalat als Elektrodenmaterialien für Batterien." Freiburg : Universität, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1233599895/34.
Full textAbouamer, Karima Massaud. "Application of natural dyes in textile industry and the treatment of dye solutions using electrolytic techniques." Thesis, Brunel University, 2008. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5088.
Full textSemenya, Manare Molahlegi Dorothy. "Non-Neuroleptic Antitubercular and Anticancer Therapeutics through Rational Drug Remodelling of Phenothiazines and Related Antipsychotics." Thesis, Faculty of Science, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33391.
Full textKromm, Tanja [Verfasser]. "Mitochondriale Dysfunktion in der Pathogenese der Parkinson-Krankheit und der protektive Einfluss von Phenothiazin / Tanja Kromm." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1212145135/34.
Full textBlankert, Bertrand. "Développement de méthodes électroanalytiques hybrides pour l'étude de la biotransformation des médicaments." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210863.
Full textNotre champ d'investigation s'est plus spécifiquement focalisé sur deux familles de molécules psychotropes (les phénothiazines, et une dibenzoazépine). Celles-ci connaissent un usage thérapeutique intensif et un regain d’intérêt pour des applications nouvelles, mais leur utilisation optimale souffre de l’existence d'effets secondaires physiopathologiques importants et dont l’étiologie est encore mal connue.
En premier lieu, les résultats de la voltampérométrie cyclique et les différentes modulations en ligne d'une cellule électrochimique couplée à la détection par spectrométrie de masse, nous ont permis de mettre en évidence des différences essentielles dans le devenir des phénothiazines quant aux produits d'oxydations générés. Plus précisément, un comportement clairement distinct entre les phénothiazines garnies de deux (2C) ou trois carbones (3C) entre les deux azotes au niveau de leur chaîne latérale a pu être mis en évidence. Les phénothiazines 3C s'oxydent de manière classique en leur sulfoxyde correspondant. Par contre, les phenothiazines 2C, conjointement à la formation de leur sulfoxyde, souffrent dans des conditions énergiques d’oxydation (persulfate, potentiel élevé) d'une rupture de la chaîne latérale et libèrent la phénothiazine base aisément oxydable et donc subissant elle-même une oxydation. Au vu des structures moléculaires en trois dimensions, nous émettons l’hypothèse que volume trop important de la chaîne latérale des phénothiazines 2C empêcherait le déploiement aisé des structures aromatiques en un radical cation coplanaire lors du phénomène d'oxydation. Les tensions intrastructurelles apparues conduiraient au bris de la chaîne latérale. Différents modes d'oxydation (chimique, électrochimique, enzymatique) ont été utilisés et laissent chacun apparaître la dépendance directe entre la puissance de l'agent oxydant appliqué et les produits d'oxydation obtenus. Chaque technique de détection, de manière individuelle, a bien confirmé la dualité entre les deux groupes de molécules. La mise en commun des divers résultats nous a permis l'identification irrévocable des espèces intermédiaires instables et des composés finaux. Par corollaire, nous avons pu postuler un schéma général d'oxydation pour les dérivés phénothiaziniques. Il nous paraît intéressant de transposer nos résultats aux biotransformations des phénothiazines car les produits identifiés ne possèdent pas l'activité pharmacologique du composé parent mais présentent un profil toxicologique bien répertorié dans la littérature. Nos résultats suggèrent d’approfondir les études de biotransformation afin de déterminer si ‘l’éclatement’ oxydatif des phénothiazines 2C est également observé in vivo. Une relation cause/effet de ces métabolites pourrait ainsi être établie.
En deuxième point, au travers de l'association CE/SM ou CE/CL/SM, nous avons étudié l’électroxydation de la clozapine. La génération et l'identification des principaux métabolites de phases I et II, illustre un mimétisme certain avec le CYP450, et nous a permis de confirmer de nombreuses données de la littérature quant à l'oxydation in vivo et in vitro de la clozapine. L'oxydation électrochimique ne génère cependant pas l'ensemble des réactions de métabolisation prises en charge par le système CYP450. Lors de la combinaison CE/SM, par l'absence de séparation chromatographique dans cette configuration, le spectre de masse présente un pic correspondant à un intermédiaire à demi-vie courte, difficilement et rarement mis en évidence: l'ion nitrénium. Cette espèce hautement réactive envers les fonctions thiols des petites molécules et des protéines, se trouve très régulièrement tenue pour responsable majeur de la toxicité avérée de la clozapine.
L'apparition plus abondante de dérivés déméthylés démontre l'influence du potentiel appliqué à l'électrode de travail lors de l'oxydation électrochimique. En effet, les processus de déméthylation nécessitent des potentiels élevés pour être observés. En présence de glutathion, aux différents pics antérieurement identifiés, des pics supplémentaires relatifs à la formation d'adduits de GSH sur la CLZ apparaissent. Les courbes voltampérométriques réalisées sur la clozapine suggèrent la distinctement la formation de l'ion nitrénium et d'une nouvelle espèce aisément électroréduite, probablement une structure quinone imine. L'addition de GSH provoque la disparition des pics de réduction de la CLZ. Ces comportements en VC corroborent les interprétations issues des mesures par couplage EC/CL/SM.
La dernière partie de notre travail a consisté en la construction d'un biocapteur à pâte de carbone solide avec inclusion au sein de cette matrice de peroxydase de raifort. Basé sur la capacité reconnue de l'HRP à reproduire in vitro des produits d'oxydation similaires à la métabolisation in vivo, nous avons exploité un tel biocapteur pour l'analyse de la clozapine et de composés thiols. Une compréhension fine du mécanisme opérationnel intrinsèque du biocapteur a pu être suggérée. La génération à la surface de l'électrode de l'ion nitrénium par oxydation enzymatique de la clozapine par l'HRP, suivie de sa réduction immédiate fournit un courant ampérométrique substantiel. Sous des conditions de pH optimales, ce courant de réduction autorise la détermination quantitative de la clozapine dans un domaine de linéarité compris entre 1 x 10-5 M et 1 x 10-6 M. L'addition de composés thiols dans le milieu occasionne une chute de courant par action de ceux-ci sur la structure radical cation ou nitrénium par addition nucléophile. La disparition de l'ion nitrénium et la formation d'un adduit GSH-CLZ inhibent tout processus de réduction à l'électrode du biocapteur. Cette diminution de courant proportionnelle aux concentrations en thiols introduits, permet la détermination quantitative de dérivés thiols. Les courbes de calibration exprimées en pourcentage d'inhibition conduisent facilement à l'évaluation de la constante d'inhibition (Ki) et de CI50. L'étude de la réponse ampérométrique de la clozapine à l'EPC/HRP en l'absence ou présence d'un dérivé thiol envisagé permet la détermination de Km et de caractériser le type d'inhibition qui entre en jeu. De tels paramètres cinétiques nous ont habilités à classer les thiols considérés en fonction de leur puissance réactionnelle envers les substances oxydées de la clozapine.
Au terme de ce travail, nous espérons avoir illustré, par l’étude de quelques molécules modèles, l’intérêt de la mise en œuvre des techniques électrochimiques couplées à l’élément biologique ou à la spectrométrie de masse. Des améliorations au niveau de la cellule électrochimique sont envisageables par l’emploi d’électrodes modifiées, elles laissent entrevoir la possibilité de mimer totalement le système CYP450.
Les résultats fournis par ces techniques hybrides et par voltampérométrie cyclique sont complémentaires, ils procurent un éventail d'informations d'une utilité estimable pour une application dans des études prédictives précoces de candidats médicament.
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Schäfgen, Björn [Verfasser], and Werner R. [Akademischer Betreuer] Thiel. "Funktionalisierte mesoporöse Hybridmaterialien als Träger katalytisch aktiver Zentren sowie von redoxaktiven Phenothiazinen / Björn Schäfgen ; Betreuer: Werner R. Thiel." Kaiserslautern : Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1197055436/34.
Full textLAASSIS, BELKACEM. "Etude de la fluorescence photoinduite d'une serie de phenothiazines en solution aqueuse et en presence de cyclodextrines - applications analytiques et pharmaceutiques." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA077047.
Full textFigueiredo, Eduardo Costa de. "Emprego de polimeros de impressão molecular (MIP) na extração e pre-concentração de analitos organicos em amostras biologicas seguido de determinação espectrofotometrica." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/248589.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Resumo: Essa Tese de Doutorado teve como objetivo promover a associação entre polímeros de impressão molecular (MIP) e espectrofotometria, sendo a seletividade conseguida pela ligação específica dos analitos com os sítios de reconhecimento molecular impresso no MIP. No capítulo 1 foi sintetizado e caracterizado um MIP seletivo a catecol, sendo o mesmo empregado na extração de catecol em amostras de guaraná (Paullinia cupana) e mate (Ilex paraguariensis), seguido de determinação espectrofotométrica (reação não específica de redução de Mn(VII) para Mn(II) pelo catecol). Obteve-se um limite de quantificação, um desvio padrão relativo (20 mmol L, n=10) e uma freqüência analítica de 2,7 mmol L, <5% e 15h, respectivamente. A exatidão foi comprovada por comparação dos resultados obtidos pelo método proposto e por HPLC. No Capítulo 2 um MIP foi empregado na extração de nicotina em amostras de urina de fumantes, seguido da quantificação por espectrofotometria (reação de redução do Mn(VII) a Mn(VI)). O limite de quantificação e a freqüência analítica foram de 1,1 mmol L e 11 h, respectivamente. As precisões intra-ensaio (10, 13 e 4%) e inter-ensaio (12, 10 e 5%) foram obtidas empregando-se padrões de 3, 10 e 30 mmol L, respectivamente e a exatidão foi comprovada por meio da técnica de HPLC. No capítulo 3 foi reportado o emprego do MIP na extração de fármacos fenotiazínicos (clorpromazina e perfenazina) em amostras de urina de pacientes. Após a extração, os fármacos foram eluidos e separados, à baixa pressão e alta velocidade, em uma coluna de C18 com tamanho de partícula entre 35 e 50 mm. Os limites de quantificação foram de 5 mmol L, para ambos os fármacos, e a exatidão foi comprovada por adição de analitos e pela técnica de HPLC
Abstract: The objective of this Thesis was the association between molecularly imprinted polymers and spectrophotometry, with the selectivity obtained through specific binding between analytes and imprinted binding sites of the polymer. In the Chapter 1, a selective MIP for catechol was synthesized, characterized, and employed for the extraction of catechol from guarana (Paullinia cupana) and mate (Ilex paraguariensis) samples, followed by indirect spectophotometric determination of catecol by reduction of Mn(VII) for Mn(II). A limit of quantification, a relative standard deviation (20 mmol L, n = 10) and an analytical frequency of 2.7 mmol L, <5% and 15h, were obtained, respectively. Accuracy was validated using HPLC. In the Chapter 2, a MIP for nicotine was used for its extraction in urine samples of smokers, followed by its indirect quantification by spectrophotometry (reduction of Mn(VII) to Mn(VI) by nicotine). The limit of quantification and analytic frequency were of 1.1 mmol L and 11 h, respectively. Intra (10, 13 and 4%) and inter-day (12, 10 and 5%) precisions were obtained using 3, 10 and 30 mmol L nicotine standard solutions, respectively, and accuracy was validated through HPLC. Finally, in the Chapter 3, a MIP was employed for phenothiazinics (chlorpromazine and perphenazine) extraction in urine samples. Soon after, the drugs were eluted and separated using a low pressure and high-speed system, comprising a C18 column with particle size between 35 and 50 mm. The quantification limits were 5 mmol L for chlorpromazine and perphenazine, and the accuracy was validated using HPLC
Doutorado
Quimica Analitica
Doutor em Ciências
Meyer, Tim [Verfasser], Thomas J. J. [Akademischer Betreuer] Müller, and Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Schaper. "Phenothiazin-Merocyanine für farbstoffsensibilisierte Solarzellen - Diversitätsorientierte Ein-Topf-Synthese und Optimierung der elektronischen Eigenschaften / Tim Meyer. Gutachter: Thomas J. J. Müller ; Klaus Schaper." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1061121356/34.
Full textSantos, Vivian Matsukura dos. "Caracterização de mecanismos bioquímicos e moleculares da morte celular induzida por fenotiazinas em células leucêmicas humanas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2014.
Find full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biossistemas, 2014.
Fenotiazinas (FTZ) sao farmacos psicotropicos utilizados no tratamento de esquizofrenia. Foram relatadas diversas propriedades biologicas interessantes das FTZ, dentre elas, efeitos na prevencao do cancer, atividade pro-apoptotica e reversao da resistencia a multiplas a drogas (MDR) por inibicao da glicoproteina P (Pgp). Neste trabalho, nos avaliamos os efeitos citotoxicos das FTZ sobre celulas leucemicas humanas que expressam ou nao o fenotipo MDR Lucena-1 e K562, respectivamente e os mecanismos de morte celular envolvidos. Nossos resultados demonstraram que as FTZ apresentaram atividade citotoxica nas linhagens K562 e Lucena-1 de maneira concentracao-dependente. Nos observamos que apesar da efetividade das FTZ ser praticamente a mesma nas celulas K562 e Lucena-1 os mecanismos envolvidos no processo de morte celular sao bastante distintos. A morte celular induzida por FTZ em celulas K562 parece ocorrer por apoptose e e disparada por aumento subito de Ca2+ citosolico, geracao de especies reativas de oxigenio (EROs) acompanhada da oxidacao de grupos tiolicos e dissipacao do ¿¢¿µ. Em paralelo foi observado que a morte celular induzida por FTZ em celulas K562 envolve a participacao de permeabilizacao de membrana lisossomal (PML) e da autofagia. Em contrapartida, a morte celular induzida pelas FTZ em celulas Lucena-1 parece ocorrer por necrose e nao ha participacao de calcio. Entretanto a geracao de EROs e a oxidacao de grupos tiolicos parecem ter participacao importante no processo, uma vez que o agente redutor, DTT preveniu completamente a morte celular induzida pelas FTZ em celulas Lucena-1. Nos sugerimos que as FTZ utilizam a necrose como mecanismo alternativo de morte de celulas Lucena-1, uma vez que este modelo celular apresenta alteracoes que bloqueiam a maquinaria apoptotica. Estes dados sugerem um potencial farmacologico destes compostos na quimioterapia antitumoral, como possivel estrategia em caso de resistencia a quimioterapia classica.
Phenothiazines (PTZ) are psychotropic drugs used in schizophrenia treatment. It were reported several interesting biological properties of PTZ,among then, effects in cancer prevention, pro-apoptotic activity and reversal of multidrug-resistant (MDR) by P-glycoprotein inhibition. We evaluate in this study the PTZ effects over the human leukemic viability that express or not the phenotype MDR Lucena-1 and K562, respectively and the cell death mechanisms involved. Our results demonstrated that PTZ showed cytotoxic activity in K562 and Lucena-1 cell lines in a concentrationdependent way. We could observe that besides the PTZ effectiveness being practically the same in the K562 and Lucena-1 the mechanisms involved in the cell death process are very distinct. Cell death induced by PTZ in K562 cells seems to occurs by apoptosis and is triggered by a sudden cytosolic Ca2+increase, ROS generation together with thiol groups oxidation and ÄØ dissipation. In parallel it was noticed that the PTZ-induced cell death in K562 cells involves the participation of lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and autophagy. In contrast, cell death induced by PTZ in Lucena-1 cells seems to occur by necrosis and there is no calcium participation. Therefore the ROS generation and the thiol groups oxidation seems to have important participation in the process, once that a reduction agent, the DTT completely prevented the cell death induced by PTZ in Lucena-1 cell. We suggest that PTZ used the necrosis as an alternative mechanism for Lucena-1 cell death, once that this cell model shows alterations that block the apoptotic machinery. These data suggest a pharmacological potential of this compounds in antitumor chemotherapy and possible strategy in case of classic chemotherapy resistance.
Gomes, Júnior Rafael Araújo. "Efeitos de compostos naturais, sintéticos e da fototerapia antifúngica sobre Candida tropicalis resistente ao fluconazol." Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, 2014. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/9954.
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Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil
A candidíase é uma infecção oportunista provocada por diversas espécies de fungos do gênero Candida, frequentemente encontrados integrando a microbiota, da superfície cutânea, no trato gastrointestinal e cavidades mucosas do ser humano desde o seu nascimento. A incidência das infecções fúngicas sistêmicas têm aumentado consideravelmente nas últimas décadas em função do grande número de pacientes com SIDA, a grande quantidade de transplantes e condições crônicas como o câncer, a terapia prolongada com imunossupressores e o uso de agentes corticosteroides. Além disso, a exposição prolongada aos antifúngicos azólicos promove a seleção de patógenos resistentes. No presente estudo avaliou-se a atividade antifúngica do complexo Rutênio-pirocatecol (RPC) frente a um isolado clinico de Candida tropicalis resistente ao fluconazol. A metodologia empregada para os testes de susceptibilidade foi de acordo com o documento M27-A3 do National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS, 2008). Esplenócitos de camundongos Balb/c foram obtidos de forma asséptica para avaliar a citotoxicidade do composto para células de mamíferos. O estresse oxidativo promovido pelo composto foi avaliado através da reação ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) e ensaios de fluorescência com a sonda diclorodihidrofluoresceína diacetato (DCFH2DA). O Calcofluor White foi empregado para avaliar a integridade da parede celular. A análise ultraestrutural foi realizada através da microscopia eletrônica de varredura e transmissão. Os resultados encontrados para os testes de atividade antifúngica foram analisados através do teste estatístico ANOVA e pós-teste Dunnett. Os resultados encontrados para os testes de atividade antifúngica do RPC mostraram uma Concentração Inibitória de 50% (IC50) de 20,3 μM, enquanto em esplesnócitos a concentração efetiva de 50% foi de 325 μM mostrando um índice de seletividade igual a 16. O referido composto também mostrou um elevado efeito pró-oxidante quando avaliamos os níveis de estresse oxidativo através da TBARS e por meio da sonda DCFH2DA. Quando as leveduras foram tratadas por 24 h com o referido composto, observamos na microscopia de varredura o desenvolvimento de pseudo-hifas com 9 μM, a formação de fissuras em sua parede e uma forte agregação das células com 18 μM, além disso, encontramos uma intensa redução na quantidade de células e muito debris celular com 38 μM. Na microscopia de transmissão observamos estruturas vesiculares no espaço periplasmático associado a grânulos eletrondensos, os quais também foram vistos associados a parede celular, quando tratadas por 3h com 40 μM. No tratamento por 24h com 60 μM observamos a referida estrutura granular eletrondensa no citoplasma envolta por membrana, uma grande quantidade destas estruturas no espaço citoplasmático e associado a parede da célula, além disso, também observamos trechos de membrana associado a estas estruturas no espaço extracelular. Em conclusão, a atividade antifúngica e o índice de seletividade do RPC contra uma cepa resistente é consideravelmente interessante devido as suas possibilidades de aplicações na descoberta de novos antifúngicos
Candidiasis is an opportunistic infection caused by several species of fungi of the genus Candida, often found is the microbiota, on the skin, gastrointestinal tract and mucous cavities of the human beings birth. The incidence of systemic fungal infections have increased considerably in recent decades due to the large number of AIDS patients, the large number of transplants and chronic conditions such as cancer, prolonged therapy promotes the selection of resistant pathogen with immunosuppressant and corticosteroid agents. Also prolonged exposure azole antifungals to make them strong candidates for patients resistance. In the present study we evaluated the antifungal activity of Ruthenium-pyrocatechol complex (RPC) against a clinical isolate of Candida tropicalis resistant to fluconazole. The methodology for susceptibility testing was in accordance with the M27-A3 document of there National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS, 2008). Splenocytes from Balb/c mice were obtained aseptically to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the compound to mammalian cells. Oxidative stress caused by the compound was assessed by reaction to thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) and fluorescence assays with the probe diclorodihidrofluoresceína diacetate (DCFH2DA). The Calcofluor White was used to evaluate the integrity of the cell wall. The ultrastructural analysis was performed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The results for the antifungal activity tests were analyzed using ANOVA and pos-test Dunnett test statistic. The results for the tests of antifungal activity of the RPC showed a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 20.3 μM while in splenocytes the 50% effective concentration was 325 μM showing a selectivity index of 16. The compound also showed that a high pro-oxidant effect when evaluated levels of oxidative stress by TBARS and through DCFH2DA staining. When yeast cells were treated for 24 h with this probe, in scanning microscopy we observed the development of pseudohyphae 9 μM, the formation of cracks on their fungal walls and in these cell aggregation with 18 μM furthermore found a remarkable reduction in the number of cells, and cell debris with 38 μM. In transmission microscopy vesicular structures observed in the periplasmic space associated with electrondense granules, which were also seen associated with the cell wall, when there cells were treated for 3 h with 40 μM. In the treatment for 24h with 60 μM observed that the grain structure in the clusters in periplasmic, a large amount of these structures in the cytoplasmic space and associated with the cell wall, moreover, we also observe membrane portions associated with these structures in the extracellular space. In conclusion, the antifungal activity and the selectivity index RPC against a resistant strain is pretty interesting because of its possible applications in the discovery of new antifungal agents.
Levi, Lucilla [Verfasser], Thomas J. J. [Akademischer Betreuer] Müller, and Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Schaper. "Synthese und Eigenschaften von Phenothiazinyl-Merocyaninen mit konjugierten und nichtkonjugierten Donoren für neuartige DSSC-Farbstoffe / Lucilla Levi. Gutachter: Thomas J. J. Müller ; Klaus Schaper." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1081767693/34.
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