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Journal articles on the topic 'Phenylurea compounds'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Reynolds, John F. "Summary and Future Direction: Chemical Regulation in Tissue Culture." HortScience 22, no. 6 (1987): 1206–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.22.6.1206.

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Abstract This series of papers has expanded upon Skoog's milestone discovery regarding the roles of cytokinins and auxins in morphogenesis of in vitro systems. One of the effects of adenine-based cytokinins in culture systems is the formation of adventitious shoots or the expression of axillary shoots. This symposium reported that a cytokinin response also can be observed by using phenylurea-based cytokinins. Two phenylurea compounds, thidiazuron and 4PU–CI, were illustrated as having strong cytokinin activity, equivalent to or surpassing the adenine-based compounds. One of the effects of thes

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2

Sepp, Krisztián, Zsolt Molnár, Anna M. László, et al. "Study of the Potential Endocrine-Disrupting Effects of Phenylurea Compounds on Neurohypophysis Cells In Vitro." International Journal of Endocrinology 2019 (February 10, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1546131.

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Homeostatic disruptor agents, and endocrine disruptor compounds (EDC) specifically, can originate from agricultural and industrial chemicals. If they modify the adaptation of living organisms as direct (e.g., by altering hormone regulation, membrane functions) and/or indirect (e.g., cell transformation mechanisms) factors, they are classified as EDC. We aimed to examine the potential endocrine-disrupting effects of phenylurea herbicides (phenuron, monuron, and diuron) on the oxytocin (OT) and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) release of neurohypophysis cell cultures (NH). In our experiments, monoamin

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3

Torrens, Francisco, and Gloria Castellano. "Molecular Clustering of Phenylurea Herbicides: Comparison with Sulphonylureas, Pesticides and Persistent Organic Pollutants." Evolving Trends in Engineering and Technology 1 (August 2014): 29–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/etet.1.29.

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Chromatographic retention times of phenylurea herbicides are modelled by structure–property relationships. Properties are hydration free energy and dipole. Bioplastic evolution is an evolutionary perspective conjugating the effect of acquired characters and relations that emerge among evolutionary indeterminacy, morphological determination and natural selection principles. Classification algorithms are proposed based on information entropy and production. Phenylureas are classified by Cl2, O2 and N2 presence; their different behaviour depends on the number of Cl atoms. When applying procedures

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4

Torrens, Francisco, and Gloria Castellano. "Molecular Clustering of Phenylurea Herbicides: Comparison with Sulphonylureas, Pesticides and Persistent Organic Pollutants." International Journal of Engineering and Technologies 1 (August 4, 2014): 29–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-391yt8.

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Chromatographic retention times of phenylurea herbicides are modelled by structure–property relationships. Properties are hydration free energy and dipole. Bioplastic evolution is an evolutionary perspective conjugating the effect of acquired characters and relations that emerge among evolutionary indeterminacy, morphological determination and natural selection principles. Classification algorithms are proposed based on information entropy and production. Phenylureas are classified by Cl2, O2 and N2 presence; their different behaviour depends on the number of Cl atoms. When applying procedures

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5

Ali, R. M., and H. M. Abbas. "Response of salt stressed barley seedlings to phenylurea." Plant, Soil and Environment 49, No. 4 (2011): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4107-pse.

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The effect of phenylurea with reported cytokinin-like activities on seed germination, seedling growth, activities of antioxidant enzymes, polyphenol, peroxidase, indoleacetic acid oxidase, and total phenolic compounds, flavonoids was investigated in stressed barley seedlings. The application of phenylurea decreases the activity of peroxidase, indoleacetic acid oxidase and increases the activity of polyphenol oxidase with decrease in total phenolic compounds and flavonoids and consequent increase in growth rate. Saline (NaCl) stress in barley seedlings causes an increase in total phenolic compo

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6

Verma, Shweta, Riaz Hashim, and Neha Krishnarth. "Synthesis of Phenylurea Derivatives & Their Evaluation as Antihyperglycaemic Agents." Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 03, no. 01 (2013): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35652/igjps.2013.05.

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Literature survey reveals that in past few decades, some urea derivatives have been synthesized for the management of DM among which sulphonylurea have been gaining considerable recognition in the management of DM worldwide. In the present study N-phenyl-.N-(substituted) phenoxy acetyl ureas were synthesized using three- step reaction pathway. A new series of phenylurea's were prepared by treating phenylurea with chloroacetyl chloride to form the product which on further treatment with various substituted phenols gave the final product. All synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis

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Cai, Yunrui, Tong Chen, Huajian Zhu, and Hongbin Zou. "Design, Synthesis and Antitumor Assessment of Phenylureas Bearing 5-Fluoroindolin-2-one Moiety." Medicinal Chemistry 16, no. 7 (2020): 958–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573406416666200206123319.

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Background: The development of novel antineoplastic agents remains highly desirable. Objective: This study focuses on the design, synthesis, and antitumor evaluation of phenyl ureas bearing 5-fluoroindolin-2-one moiety. Methods: Three sets of phenylureas were designed and synthesized and their antiproliferative ability was measured against four human carcinoma cell lines (Hela, Eca-109, A549, and MCF-7) via MTT assay. In vivo anticancer activity was further evaluated in xenograft models of human breast cancer (MCF-7). Results: A total of twenty-one new compounds were synthesized and characteri

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8

Fellman, Cynthia D., Paul E. Read, and Mary A. Hosier. "Effects of Thidiazuron and CPPU on Meristem Formation and Shoot Proliferation." HortScience 22, no. 6 (1987): 1197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.22.6.1197.

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Abstract N-phenyl-N′1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea (thidiazuron) and several substituted pyridyl phenylurea compounds have been demonstrated to stimulate in vitro meristem and shoot formation at unusually low concentrations. These compounds appear to have strong cytokinin-like effects on a wide range of species and on species that respond little to conventional cytokinins. Thidiazuron has been reported to stimulate shoot proliferation in several woody species (e.g., Acer and Malus). The addition of 0.5μm N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea (CPPU) to the culture medium caused dramatic shoot number

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9

Bott, Raymond C., Graham Smith, Urs D. Wermuth, and Nathan C. Dwyer. "Molecular Cocrystals of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids with Unsymmetrically Substituted Ureas. The Structures of Phenylurea and the 1 : 1 Adducts of Phenylurea with a Series of Nitro-Substituted Acids." Australian Journal of Chemistry 53, no. 9 (2000): 767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch00099.

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The crystal structure of phenylurea (1), [(C7H8N2O)], has been determined and revealed a simple cyclic dimer involving hydrogen bonding between the two nitrogen atoms of one molecule and the oxygen atom of a second molecule. The system is completed by a hydrogen bond between the non-substituted nitrogen atom of a third molecule and the oxygen atom of the second molecule to form a chain polymer. The 1 : 1 molecular adducts of phenylurea with 2-nitrobenzoic acid, [(C7H5NO4)(C7H8N2O)] (2), 3-nitrobenzoic acid, [(C7H5NO4)(C7H8N2O)] (3), 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid, [(C7H4N2O6)(C7H8N2O)] (4), 2,4,6-tri

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10

Rao, Nidagurthi Guggulla Raghavendra, Prashanti Chitrapu, Gurinderdeep Singh, Sowjanya Pulipati, and Hari Veluru. "Synthesis and in silico Assessment of Heteroaryl Semicarbazones: Towards Understanding Antimicrobial Activities and Safety Profiles." Asian Journal of Chemistry 36, no. 5 (2024): 1135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2024.31388.

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Seven semicarbazone derivatives incorporating either substituted furan or thiophene were synthesized by reacting phenylurea with semicarbazide and various heteroaryl aldehydes. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized using IR, NMR, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. Additionally, their antibacterial and anti-tubercular activities were also evaluated. In silico tools such as Swiss ADME and Pro Tox II were employed to assess molecular targets, medicinal chemistry properties, as well as toxicity and safety profiles. Compounds 3a-g demonstrated significant antibacterial activity

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Dupuy, N., D. Barbry, M. Bria, S. Marquis, L. Vrielynck та J. Kister. "1H NMR study of inclusion compounds of phenylurea derivatives in β-cyclodextrin". Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 61, № 6 (2005): 1051–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2004.04.031.

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Librando, Vito, Maria Grazia Sarpietro, Carmen Cascone, Zelica Minniti, and Francesco Castelli. "Time-Dependent Absorption Evidence of Phenylurea-Derived Herbicides on Model Biomembranes: A DSC Study." Environmental Chemistry 2, no. 1 (2005): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en04063.

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Environmental Context. The need to improve the quality of agricultural cultivation and to control the weed growth of non-cultivated area has brought herbicides to wide-scale use. Unfortunately, these compounds have been proved to be toxic for many organisms, humans included. With an aim to a better knowledge of the mobility and fate of environmental pollutants, it becomes very important to have an exact knowledge of the role that the medium in which these products are dissolved or dispersed plays on the absorption of these products by biological membranes as a complement to information on the

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13

Jandera, P., J. Churáček, P. Butzke, and M. Smrž. "Liquid chromatography of phenylurea herbicides and related compounds on chemically bonded ion-exchange materials." Journal of Chromatography A 387 (January 1987): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(01)94521-2.

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14

Dubovtsev, Aleksei Yu, Ekaterina S. Denislamova, Pavel S. Silaichev, Maksim V. Dmitriev, and Andrey N. Maslivets. "Synthesis of Imidazole Spiro Compounds From 5-Alkoxycarbonyl-1H-Pyrrole-2,3-Diones and Phenylurea." Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds 52, no. 7 (2016): 467–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10593-016-1913-8.

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15

Chusaksri, Sarinma, Somyote Sutthivaiyakit, David L. Sedlak, and Pakawadee Sutthivaiyakit. "Reactions of phenylurea compounds with aqueous chlorine: Implications for herbicide transformation during drinking water disinfection." Journal of Hazardous Materials 209-210 (March 2012): 484–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.01.063.

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16

Mok, Machteld C., David W. S. Mok, Janet E. Turner, and Cesar V. Mujer. "Biological and Biochemical Effects of Cytokinin-active Phenylurea Derivatives in Tissue Culture Systems." HortScience 22, no. 6 (1987): 1194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.22.6.1194.

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Abstract Plant growth regulator studies and plant tissue culture research have been closely related and mutually supportive. The manipulation of plant cells, tissues, and organs in culture, with important applications in propagation and genetic modification of plants, is highly dependent on the use of appropriate growth regulator regimes. Conversely, tissue culture systems are useful as bioassays to define the growth-regulating activity of many compounds. The discovery of the cytokinin N-(2-furanylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (kinetin) by Miller et al. (17) was particularly relevant in this respec

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Emery, R., N. A. Macleod, L. C. Snoek, and J. P. Simons. "Conformational preferences in model antiviral compounds: A spectroscopic and computational study of phenylurea and 1,3-diphenylurea." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 6, no. 10 (2004): 2816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b400390j.

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18

Fisch, Kathrin, Berit Brockmeyer, Wolfgang Gerwinski, Detlef E. Schulz-Bull, and Norbert Theobald. "Seasonal variability, long-term distribution (2001–2014), and risk assessment of polar organic micropollutants in the Baltic Sea." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 29 (2021): 39296–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13254-5.

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AbstractFrom 2001 to 2014, 13 surveys were conducted in the Baltic Sea, to determine its pollution of 50 micropollutants. The investigations focused mostly on the German western Baltic Sea; in 2008, one survey covered the entire Baltic Sea. Various groups of herbicides (such as triazines, phenoxyacetic acid, phenylurea), perfluoroalkyl substances, pharmaceuticals, and industrial products were analyzed during these surveys. The highest concentrations (median 1 to 4 ng/L) were observed for atrazine, simazine, chloridazone, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, benzotriazole, primidone, and carbamazepi

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19

Sannino, Anna. "Determination of Phenylurea Herbicide Residues in Vegetables by Liquid Chromatography after Gel Permeation Chromatographyand Florisil Cartridge Cleanup." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 81, no. 5 (1998): 1048–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/81.5.1048.

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Abstract A liquid chromatographic method for quantitative determination of 9 phenylurea herbicide residues (metoxuron, metobromuron, monolinuron, chlortoluron, isoproturon, diuron, linuron, chloroxuron, and neburon) in potatoes, carrots, and mixed vegetables is described. Samples are extracted with acetone, partitioned with ethyl acetate-cyclohexane (50 + 50, v/v) and cleaned up by gel permeation chromatography with ethyl acetate-cyclohexane (50 + 50, v/v) as eluant. A small column (1 cm id) packed with Biobeads SX3 resin is used to reduce solvent consumption and analytical time. After solid-p

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Satheesh, Dhurairaj, S. Kannan, A. Gomathi, and M. Syed Ali Padusha. "Organic Ligand 1-(1-Morpholino-1-(Thiophen-2-yl)Ethyl)-3-Phenylurea: Synthesis, Characterization, Derivatives and Exploration of Bioactivity." Mapana Journal of Sciences 22, no. 3 (2023): 119–39. https://doi.org/10.12723/mjs.66.6.

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Organic compounds possessing a comparatively higher number of nitrogens have gained attention in the upcoming fields of medicine and research. Synthesizing new drugs with a greater number of nitrogen atoms in their structure skeleton places challenges. Unique features, say lipophilicity carried by Mannich bases and their bivalent metal coordination complexes, claim themselves to be potential sources [1-3]. Heterocyclic organic compounds rooted through amines and amides possess enhanced absorption through bio-membranes because of their lipophilicity which results in boundless pharmaceutical app

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Barceló, D., and J. Albaigés. "Characterization of organophosphorus compounds and phenylurea herbicides by positive and negative ion thermospray liquid chromatography—mass spectrometry." Journal of Chromatography A 474, no. 1 (1989): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(01)93911-1.

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22

Serra-Mora, Pascual, Paola García-Narbona, Jorge Verdú-Andrés, Rosa Herráez-Hernández, and Pilar Campíns-Falcó. "Exploring New Extractive Phases for In-Tube Solid Phase Microextraction Coupled to Miniaturized Liquid Chromatography." Separations 6, no. 1 (2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations6010012.

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In-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) coupled on-line to miniaturized liquid chromatography (LC) has emerged as a powerful tool to address a variety of analytical problems. However, in order to expand its applicability, the development of new sorbents that enhance the efficiency and specificity of the extraction is highly desirable. In this respect, the employment of capillary columns coated with sorbents functionalized with nanoparticles (NPs) replacing the loop of the injection valve (in-valve IT-SPME) is one of the most attractive options. In this work, polymers of tetraethyl orthos

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Sugrue, Elena, Nicholas J. Fraser, Davis H. Hopkins, et al. "Evolutionary Expansion of the Amidohydrolase Superfamily in Bacteria in Response to the Synthetic Compounds Molinate and Diuron." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 7 (2015): 2612–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.04016-14.

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ABSTRACTThe amidohydrolase superfamily has remarkable functional diversity, with considerable structural and functional annotation of known sequences. In microbes, the recent evolution of several members of this family to catalyze the breakdown of environmental xenobiotics is not well understood. An evolutionary transition from binuclear to mononuclear metal ion coordination at the active sites of these enzymes could produce large functional changes such as those observed in nature, but there are few clear examples available to support this hypothesis. To investigate the role of binuclear-mono

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Pansuksan, Kanoktip, Masahiro Mii, and Kanyaratt Supaibulwatana. "Phytochemical alteration and new occurring compounds in hairy root cultures of Mitracarpus hirtus L. induced by phenylurea cytokinin (CPPU)." Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 119, no. 3 (2014): 523–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11240-014-0552-y.

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Laib, Souhila, Saad Bouchekioua, and Rafik Menacer. "A DFT study of the chemical bonding properties, aromaticity indexes and molecular docking study of some phenylureas herbicides." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, no. 00 (2023): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc230712085l.

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Herbicides have implied disastrous consequences towards the environment and human health. This practice urges scientists to investigate the physical, chemical and biological properties of these substances, hence avoiding the use of the most harmful pesticides. For this purpose, the molecular structure and chemical bonding properties of phenylurea herbicides namely: Fenuron (L1), Monuron (L2), Diuron (L3) and Chlorotoluron (L4), were calculated in water using density functional theory (DFT). The energy decomposition analysis (EDA) and the extended transition state natural orbitals for chemical

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Alba, Lara-Moreno, Morillo Esmeralda, and Villaverde Jaime. "Enhanced Biodegradation of Phenylurea Herbicides by Ochrobactrum anthrophi CD3 Assessment of Its Feasibility in Diuron-Contaminated Soils." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (2022): 1365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031365.

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The phenylurea herbicides are persistent in soil and water, making necessary the de-velopment of techniques for their removal from the environment. To identify new options in this regard, bacterial strains were isolated from a soil historically managed with pesticides. Ochrobactrum anthropi CD3 showed the ability to remove completely herbicides such as diuron, linuron, chlorotoluron and fluometuron from aqueous solution, and up to 89% of isoproturon. In the case of diuron and linuron, their main metabolite, 3,4-dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA), which has a higher toxicity than the parent compounds, w

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Curtis, NJ. "N-Alkylations and O-Alkylations of Nitro-Substituted 1,3-Diphenylureas: Preparations of Propellant Stabilizer Derivatives." Australian Journal of Chemistry 41, no. 4 (1988): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9880585.

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A procedure has been developed for the N- ethylation and methylation of 1,3-diphenylureas, ArNRCONHAr′ (R = H, Me or Et), through treatment with sodium hydride and iodoalkane in dimethylformamide. The reaction was general, provided that the aniline to be alkylated was substituted with no more than one nitro group. ArRNCONR′Ar′ derivatives prepared were: R = R′ = Et (and Me); Ar = phenyl, Ar′ = 2-nitrophenyl and 4- nitrophenyl ; Ar = 2-nitrophenyl, Ar′ = 2-nitrophenyl and 4-nitrophenyl; Ar = Ar′ = 4-nitrophenyl. Two mixed derivatives were also prepared: R = Et, R′ = Me, Ar = phenyl, Ar′ = 2-nit

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Koshchii, I., Yu. Klimko та T. Shamota. "CF3-β-DIKETONES AND TRIMETHYLHALOSILANES AS SYNTHONS FOR TETRAHYDROPYRIMIDINES". Znanstvena misel journal, № 91 (26 червня 2024): 10–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12541088.

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Trimethylchlorosilane, which is an effective promoter and water-condensing agent, was used for the first time in cyclocondensation reactions with substituted ureas and thioureas. By varying the solvent, ratio of reagents, temperature and reaction time, 100% conversion was achieved for the model compounds. The optimal conditions for the reaction were: reaction temperature 20°C, dimethylformamide solvent, reaction time 48 hours, presence of 4 equivalents of Me<sub>3</sub>SiCl. The use of Me<sub>3</sub>SiCl made it possible to introduce a wide range of aromatic and heterocyclic aldehydes, mon

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Li, Yongtao, John E. George, Christina L. McCarty, and Steven C. Wendelken. "Compliance analysis of phenylurea and related compounds in drinking water by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry coupled with solid-phase extraction." Journal of Chromatography A 1134, no. 1-2 (2006): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.08.081.

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Zouaghi, Razika, Abdennour Zertal, Bernard David, and Sylvie Guittonneau. "Photocatalytic Degradation of Monolinuron and Linuron in an Aqueous Suspension of Titanium Dioxide Under Simulated Solar Irradiation." Revue des sciences de l'eau 20, no. 2 (2007): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/015810ar.

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Abstract The photocatalytic degradation of two phenylurea herbicides, monolinuron (MLN) and linuron (LN), was investigated in an aqueous suspension of TiO2 using simulated solar irradiation. The objective of the study was to compare their photocatalytic reactivity and to assess the influence of various parameters such as initial pesticide concentration, catalyst concentration and photonic flux on the photocatalytic degradation rate of MLN and LN. A comparative study of the photocatalytic degradation kinetics of both herbicides showed that these two compounds have a comparable reactivity with T

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Keretsu, Seketoulie, Suparna Ghosh та Seung Joo Cho. "Molecular Modeling Study of c-KIT/PDGFRα Dual Inhibitors for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, № 21 (2020): 8232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218232.

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Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common Mesenchymal Neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract. The tumorigenesis of GISTs has been associated with the gain-of-function mutation and abnormal activation of the stem cell factor receptor (c-KIT) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) kinases. Hence, inhibitors that target c-KIT and PDGFRα could be a therapeutic option for the treatment of GISTs. The available approved c-KIT/PDGFRα inhibitors possessed low efficacy with off-target effects, which necessitated the development of potent inhibitors. We performed com

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Titato, Guilherme M., Rogério C. Bicudo, and Fernando M. Lanças. "Optimization of the ESI and APCI experimental variables for the LC/MS determination of s-triazines, methylcarbamates, organophosphorous, benzimidazoles, carboxamide and phenylurea compounds in orange samples." Journal of Mass Spectrometry 42, no. 10 (2007): 1348–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jms.1310.

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Li, Jufen, Tao Lin, Dandan Ren, et al. "Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Studies Reveal Mechanisms of Effects of CPPU-Mediated Fruit-Setting on Attenuating Volatile Attributes of Melon Fruit." Agronomy 11, no. 5 (2021): 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11051007.

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N1-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N3-phenylurea (CPPU), a synthetic cytokinin-active compound, is widely applied to induce parthenocarpic fruit set and enhance melon fruit enlargement (Cucumis melo L.). CPPU may also influence fruit quality; however, the mechanisms through which this occurs remain unknown. We investigated the differences in volatile emissions between parthenocarpic fruit set by CPPU (C) and seeded fruit set by artificial pollination (P). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis revealed that six volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by the P-group fruits were not detect

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Gallo, Alessandra. "Toxicity of marine pollutants on the ascidian oocyte physiology: an electrophysiological approach." Zygote 26, no. 1 (2017): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199417000612.

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SummaryIn marine animals with external fertilization, gametes are released into seawater where fertilization and embryo development occur. Consequently, pollutants introduced into the marine environment by human activities may affect gametes and embryos. These xenobiotics can alter cell physiology with consequent reduction of fertilization success. Here the adverse effects on the reproductive processes of the marine invertebrate Ciona intestinalis (ascidian) of different xenobiotics: lead, zinc, an organic tin compound and a phenylurea herbicide were evaluated. By using the electrophysiologica

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Grzegorczyk-Karolak, Izabela, Wiktoria Ejsmont, Anna Karolina Kiss, Przemyslaw Tabaka, Wiktoria Starbała, and Marta Krzemińska. "Improvement of Bioactive Polyphenol Accumulation in Callus of Salvia atropatana Bunge." Molecules 29, no. 11 (2024): 2626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29112626.

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Callus cultures of the Iranian medicinal plant Salvia atropatana were initiated from three-week-old seedlings on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and various cytokinins. Although all tested hormonal variants of the medium and explant enabled callus induction, the most promising growth was noted for N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea (CPPU)-induced calli. Three lines obtained on this medium (cotyledon line-CL, hypocotyl line—HL, and root line—RL) were preselected for further studies. Phenolic compounds in the callus tissues were identified using

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Thongsom, Sunisa, Satapat Racha, Zin Zin Ei та ін. "N,Nʹ-Diarylurea Derivatives (CTPPU) Inhibited NSCLC Cell Growth and Induced Cell Cycle Arrest through Akt/GSK-3β/c-Myc Signaling Pathway". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, № 2 (2023): 1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021357.

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Lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for more than 80% of lung cancers, shows chemotherapy resistance, metastasis, and relapse. The phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway has been implicated in the carcinogenesis and disease progression of NSCLC, suggesting that it may be a promising therapeutic target for cancer therapy. Although phenylurea derivatives have been reported as potent multiple kinase inhibitors, novel unsymmetrical N,Nʹ-diarylurea derivatives targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway in NSCLC cells remain unknown

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Dong, Yibo, Xiaolong Yao, Wanping Zhang, and Xiaomao Wu. "Development of Simultaneous Determination Method of Pesticide High Toxic Metabolite 3,4-Dichloroaniline and 3,5 Dichloroaniline in Chives Using HPLC-MS/MS." Foods 12, no. 15 (2023): 2875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12152875.

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3,4-dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA) and 3,5-dichloroaniline (3,5-DCA) are, respectively, the primary metabolites deriving from the breakdown of phenylurea herbicides and dicarboximide fungicides in both soils and plants, whose residues in vegetable products have a heightened concern considering their higher health risks to humans and greater toxicity than the parent compounds in the environment. In this study, a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 3,4-DCA and 3,5-DCA residues in chive produc

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38

França, Tanos Celmar Costa, Leonardo da Costa Bastos, Teobaldo Cuya, et al. "Microwave-assisted Synthesis and Docking Studies of Phenylureas as Candidates for the Drug Design Against the Biological Warfare Agent Yersinia Pestis." Letters in Drug Design & Discovery 17, no. 5 (2020): 633–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570180816666190710144212.

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Background: Bubonic plague is amongst the diseases with the highest potential for being used in biological warfare attacks today. This disease, caused by the bacterium Yersina pestis, is highly infectious and can achieve 100% of fatal victims when in its most dangerous form. Besides, there is no effective vaccine, and the chemotherapy available today against plague is ineffective if not administered at the beginning of the infection. Objective: Willing to contribute for changing this reality we propose here new phenylureas as candidates for the drug design against plague meant to target the en

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39

Pal, Samantha K., Javier Puente, DYC Heng, et al. "Assessing the Safety and Efficacy of Two Starting Doses of Lenvatinib Plus Everolimus in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Randomized Phase 2 Trial." Eur Urol 82, no. 3 (2024): 283–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2021.12.024.

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<strong>Background: </strong>Lenvatinib (18 mg) plus everolimus (5 mg) is approved for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after one or more prior antiangiogenic therapies. <strong>Objective: </strong>To assess whether a lower starting dose of lenvatinib has comparable efficacy with improved tolerability for patients with advanced RCC treated with lenvatinib plus everolimus. <strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>A randomized, open-label, phase 2 global trial was conducted in patients with advanced clear cell RCC and disease progression after one prior

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40

Stutz, Hanno, and Hans Malissa. "Determination of Regularly Distributed Plant Protectants in Raw and Drinking Waters, Using a Multiresidue Method with Cyclodextrin-Modified Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 82, no. 6 (1999): 1510–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/82.6.1510.

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Abstract Eighteen plant protectant compounds were separated and determined by cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) in a multiclass/multiresidue method. The pesticides included are those dispersed in the greatest amounts today over agricultural acreage, and they represent 8 different classes of compounds (azoles, benzoic acids, chloroacetanilides, phenoxy acids, phenylureas, sulfonylureas, thiocarbamates, and triazines) covering a wide range of chemical reactivities and physicochemical properties. A 500 mL sample of tap water is preconcentrated by solid-phase extr

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41

Kharchevnikova, Nina V., Z. I. Zholdakova, V. I. Zhurko, D. Yu Fedortsova, and V. G. Blinova. "ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE CAPACITY OF CHEMICALS TO THE CUMULATION AND THE STRUCTURE OF THEIR MOLECULES." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 10 (2019): 970–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-10-970-975.

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The relationships between the capacity of chemicals to cumulate a toxic effect (functional cumulation) and the structure of their molecules were investigated. In the process of substantiation of safe levels (MAC) of substances in water this capacity is characterized by the cumulation hazard class (later in the text - hazard class). This class is stated to be depend on the value of the relationship between the mean lethal dose of the acute experiment and the threshold dose of the chronic experiment. The experimental study of a huge amount of new chemicals in the chronic experiments is a very di

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42

Singh, Sandeep, and Shweta Verma. "Synthesis, Physicochemical, Computational and Biological Evaluation of Phenylurea Derivatives as CNS agents." Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 21 (September 8, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871524921666210908145356.

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Background: A series of phenylurea derivatives were designed and synthesized, The target compounds were subjected to pharmacological studies. Various other parameters such as physicochemical properties, computational studies, and % similarity were also calculated. Materials and Methods: The synthesis of the target compounds has been carried out by reaction of Phenylurea with chloroacetyl chloride to afford 1-(2-chloroacetyl)-3-phenylurea, which further reacted with substituted anilines. All the reactions were monitored by TLC. All the target compounds were purified by recrystallization and cha

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43

El-Senduny, Fardous F., Sameh M. Shabana, Daniel Rösel, et al. "Urea-functionalized organoselenium compounds as promising anti-HepG2 and apoptosis-inducing agents." Future Medicinal Chemistry, August 24, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/fmc-2021-0114.

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Hepatocellular carcinoma is a highly aggressive and difficult-to-treat type of cancer. Incorporating urea functionality into the backbone of organoselenium compounds is expected to develop promising chemotherapeutic leads against liver cancer. Methods: Urea-functionalized organoselenium compounds were synthesized in good yields, and their cytotoxicity was evaluated against HepG2 cells. Results: 1,1′-(Diselanediylbis(4,1-phenylene))bis(3-phenylurea) (14) exhibited efficient anti-HepG2 activity in sub-micromolar concentrations, with no toxicity to normal human skin fibroblasts. The molecular mec

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Bhatt, Hardik G., Suman K. Shaw, Ankit Borisa, Nandan Dixit, and Saumya Patel. "Expanding the Horizon of Pteridine Chemistry: Optimized Synthesis by the Isay Reaction, and Molecular-Docking Studies." Synlett, April 7, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1773531.

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AbstractThe Isay reaction was used to synthesize novel disubstituted pteridine derivatives. The pteridine scaffold was synthesized by reacting a mercaptopyrimidine derivative with a substituted diketone, followed by a reaction with a substituted phenylurea derivative. Standard physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques, such as FTIR, mass spectrometry, 1H NMR, D2O exchange, and HPLC confirmed the structures and purities of the synthesized compounds. Various key substituents on the phenylurea and on the pteridine scaffold were incorporated to explore their effects on the chemical and biologic

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Masoudinia, Sara, Marjaneh Samadizadeh, Maliheh Safavi, Hamid Reza Bijanzadeh, and Alireza Foroumadi. "Novel quinazolines bearing 1,3,4-thiadiazole-aryl urea derivative as anticancer agents: design, synthesis, molecular docking, DFT and bioactivity evaluations." BMC Chemistry 18, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13065-024-01119-0.

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AbstractA novel series of 1-(5-((6-nitroquinazoline-4-yl)thio)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-3-phenylurea derivatives 8 were designed and synthesized to evaluate their cytotoxic potencies. The structures of these obtained compounds were thoroughly characterized by IR, 1H, and 13C NMR, MASS spectroscopy and elemental analysis methods. Additionally, their in vitro anticancer activities were investigated using the MTT assay against A549 (human lung cancer), MDA-MB231 (human triple-negative breast cancer), and MCF7 (human hormone-dependent breast cancer). Etoposide was used as a reference marketed drug f

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46

Zhang, Fuyuan, Bing Liu, Guozhen Liu, Yan Zhang, Junping Wang, and Shuo Wang. "Substructure-activity relationship studies on antibody recognition for phenylurea compounds using competitive immunoassay and computational chemistry." Scientific Reports 8, no. 1 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-21394-x.

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Dubovtsev, Aleksei Yu, Ekaterina S. Denislamova, Pavel S. Silaichev, Maksim V. Dmitriev, and Andrey N. Maslivets. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Imidazole Spiro Compounds from 5-Alkoxycarbonyl-1H-pyrrole-2,3-diones and Phenylurea." ChemInform 47, no. 52 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201652192.

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48

Koopaei, Nasrin Nassiri, Mehrasa Shademani, Nasrin Shirzad Yazdi, et al. "Design and synthesis of novel ureido and thioureido conjugated hydrazone derivatives with potent anticancer activity." BMC Chemistry 16, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13065-022-00873-3.

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Abstract Background Compounds possessing urea/thiourea moiety have a wide range of biological properties including anticancer activity. On the other hand, taking advantage of the low toxicity and structural diversity of hydrazone derivatives, they are presently being considered for designing chemical compounds with hydrazone moiety in the field of cancer treatment. With this in mind, a series of novel ureido/thioureido derivatives possessing a hydrazone moiety bearing nitro and chloro substituents (4a–4i) have been designed, synthesized, characterized and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic

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49

Akdeniz, Güneş Yıldırım, Hülya Akgün, Özlem Bingöl Özakpınar, et al. "Synthesis and studies of anticancer and antimicrobial activity of new phenylurenyl chalcone derivatives." Letters in Drug Design & Discovery 19 (January 10, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570180819666220110153542.

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Background: Phenylurenyl chalcone structures have the potential to act as a scaffold in anticancer drug discovery. Methods: N-Phenethyl-N'-{4-[(2E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoyl]phenyl}urea, 4/3-[(2E)-3-substitutedphenylprop-2-enoyl]phenyl}-N-phenylurea,4/3-[(2E)-3-substitutedphenyl prop-2-enoyl]phenyl}-N-methylphenyl urea and {4/3-[(2E)-3-substitutedphenylprop-2-enoyl]phenyl}-N-ethylphenyl urea derivatives(1-35)were prepared and evaluated for their anticancer and antimicrobial activity against A-549 Hep-3B, HT-29, CF-7, PC-3, K-562 NIH-3T3 and Huh-7 cell lines and against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6

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50

Maiti, Santanu, Jeong Hee Kwon, Sung Pyo Hong, Ho‐Seok Kwon, Jinho Kim, and Soon Kil Ahn. "Improvement of the metabolic stability of pan‐RAF/VEGFR2 dual inhibitors." Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society, September 3, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bkcs.12779.

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AbstractDevelopment of dual inhibitors of pan‐RAF/VEGFR2 is important for the treatment of K‐Ras mutated colorectal cancer, which is one of the most common and lethal malignancies. Building upon our studies in dual inhibitors of pan‐RAF/VEGFR2, we designed and synthesized new dual inhibitor candidates by installing a urea or guanidine moiety to the previously reported dual inhibitors in order to enhance both metabolic stability and solubility. Various 1‐(5‐((3‐(9H‐purin‐6‐yl)pyridin‐2‐yl)amino)‐2‐fluorophenyl)‐3‐phenylurea and 1‐(5‐((3‐(9H‐purin‐6‐yl)pyridin‐2‐yl)amino)‐2‐fluorophenyl)‐3‐pheny

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