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Journal articles on the topic 'Phenylurea'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Reynolds, John F. "Summary and Future Direction: Chemical Regulation in Tissue Culture." HortScience 22, no. 6 (1987): 1206–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.22.6.1206.

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Abstract This series of papers has expanded upon Skoog's milestone discovery regarding the roles of cytokinins and auxins in morphogenesis of in vitro systems. One of the effects of adenine-based cytokinins in culture systems is the formation of adventitious shoots or the expression of axillary shoots. This symposium reported that a cytokinin response also can be observed by using phenylurea-based cytokinins. Two phenylurea compounds, thidiazuron and 4PU–CI, were illustrated as having strong cytokinin activity, equivalent to or surpassing the adenine-based compounds. One of the effects of thes

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2

Sepp, Krisztián, Zsolt Molnár, Anna M. László, et al. "Study of the Potential Endocrine-Disrupting Effects of Phenylurea Compounds on Neurohypophysis Cells In Vitro." International Journal of Endocrinology 2019 (February 10, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1546131.

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Homeostatic disruptor agents, and endocrine disruptor compounds (EDC) specifically, can originate from agricultural and industrial chemicals. If they modify the adaptation of living organisms as direct (e.g., by altering hormone regulation, membrane functions) and/or indirect (e.g., cell transformation mechanisms) factors, they are classified as EDC. We aimed to examine the potential endocrine-disrupting effects of phenylurea herbicides (phenuron, monuron, and diuron) on the oxytocin (OT) and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) release of neurohypophysis cell cultures (NH). In our experiments, monoamin

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3

Torrens, Francisco, and Gloria Castellano. "Molecular Clustering of Phenylurea Herbicides: Comparison with Sulphonylureas, Pesticides and Persistent Organic Pollutants." Evolving Trends in Engineering and Technology 1 (August 2014): 29–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/etet.1.29.

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Chromatographic retention times of phenylurea herbicides are modelled by structure–property relationships. Properties are hydration free energy and dipole. Bioplastic evolution is an evolutionary perspective conjugating the effect of acquired characters and relations that emerge among evolutionary indeterminacy, morphological determination and natural selection principles. Classification algorithms are proposed based on information entropy and production. Phenylureas are classified by Cl2, O2 and N2 presence; their different behaviour depends on the number of Cl atoms. When applying procedures

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4

Torrens, Francisco, and Gloria Castellano. "Molecular Clustering of Phenylurea Herbicides: Comparison with Sulphonylureas, Pesticides and Persistent Organic Pollutants." International Journal of Engineering and Technologies 1 (August 4, 2014): 29–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-391yt8.

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Chromatographic retention times of phenylurea herbicides are modelled by structure–property relationships. Properties are hydration free energy and dipole. Bioplastic evolution is an evolutionary perspective conjugating the effect of acquired characters and relations that emerge among evolutionary indeterminacy, morphological determination and natural selection principles. Classification algorithms are proposed based on information entropy and production. Phenylureas are classified by Cl2, O2 and N2 presence; their different behaviour depends on the number of Cl atoms. When applying procedures

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5

Verma, Shweta, Riaz Hashim, and Neha Krishnarth. "Synthesis of Phenylurea Derivatives & Their Evaluation as Antihyperglycaemic Agents." Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 03, no. 01 (2013): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35652/igjps.2013.05.

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Literature survey reveals that in past few decades, some urea derivatives have been synthesized for the management of DM among which sulphonylurea have been gaining considerable recognition in the management of DM worldwide. In the present study N-phenyl-.N-(substituted) phenoxy acetyl ureas were synthesized using three- step reaction pathway. A new series of phenylurea's were prepared by treating phenylurea with chloroacetyl chloride to form the product which on further treatment with various substituted phenols gave the final product. All synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis

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6

Ali, R. M., and H. M. Abbas. "Response of salt stressed barley seedlings to phenylurea." Plant, Soil and Environment 49, No. 4 (2011): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4107-pse.

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The effect of phenylurea with reported cytokinin-like activities on seed germination, seedling growth, activities of antioxidant enzymes, polyphenol, peroxidase, indoleacetic acid oxidase, and total phenolic compounds, flavonoids was investigated in stressed barley seedlings. The application of phenylurea decreases the activity of peroxidase, indoleacetic acid oxidase and increases the activity of polyphenol oxidase with decrease in total phenolic compounds and flavonoids and consequent increase in growth rate. Saline (NaCl) stress in barley seedlings causes an increase in total phenolic compo

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7

Bott, Raymond C., Graham Smith, Urs D. Wermuth, and Nathan C. Dwyer. "Molecular Cocrystals of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids with Unsymmetrically Substituted Ureas. The Structures of Phenylurea and the 1 : 1 Adducts of Phenylurea with a Series of Nitro-Substituted Acids." Australian Journal of Chemistry 53, no. 9 (2000): 767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch00099.

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The crystal structure of phenylurea (1), [(C7H8N2O)], has been determined and revealed a simple cyclic dimer involving hydrogen bonding between the two nitrogen atoms of one molecule and the oxygen atom of a second molecule. The system is completed by a hydrogen bond between the non-substituted nitrogen atom of a third molecule and the oxygen atom of the second molecule to form a chain polymer. The 1 : 1 molecular adducts of phenylurea with 2-nitrobenzoic acid, [(C7H5NO4)(C7H8N2O)] (2), 3-nitrobenzoic acid, [(C7H5NO4)(C7H8N2O)] (3), 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid, [(C7H4N2O6)(C7H8N2O)] (4), 2,4,6-tri

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8

Okuniewski, Andrzej, Jaroslaw Chojnacki, and Barbara Becker. "N-Benzoyl-N′-phenylurea." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 66, no. 2 (2010): o414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536810001807.

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9

Bers, Karolien, Baptiste Leroy, Philip Breugelmans, et al. "A Novel Hydrolase Identified by Genomic-Proteomic Analysis of Phenylurea Herbicide Mineralization by Variovorax sp. Strain SRS16." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 24 (2011): 8754–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.06162-11.

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ABSTRACTThe soil bacterial isolateVariovoraxsp. strain SRS16 mineralizes the phenylurea herbicide linuron. The proposed pathway initiates with hydrolysis of linuron to 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA) andN,O-dimethylhydroxylamine, followed by conversion of DCA to Krebs cycle intermediates. Differential proteomic analysis showed a linuron-dependent upregulation of several enzymes that fit into this pathway, including an amidase (LibA), a multicomponent chloroaniline dioxygenase, and enzymes associated with a modified chlorocatecholortho-cleavage pathway. Purified LibA is a monomeric linuron hydrolase

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10

Gordetsov, A. S., S. V. Zimina, N. V. Kulagina, E. M. Moseeva, Yu A. Kurskii, and M. A. Lopatin. "Reaction of Phenylurea and N-Trimethylsilyl-N'-phenylurea with Vanadocene and N-Bromosuccinimide." Russian Journal of General Chemistry 73, no. 10 (2003): 1557–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:rugc.0000016022.68917.bd.

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11

Reynolds, A. G., D. A. Wardle, C. Zurowski, and N. E. Looney. "Phenylureas CPPU and Thidiazuron Affect Yield Components, Fruit Composition, and Storage Potential of Four Seedless Grape Selections." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 117, no. 1 (1992): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.117.1.85.

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One of three levels (O, 1, 10 mg·liter-1) of the cytokinin-active substituted phenylurea compound CPPU was applied with or without 100 mg GA/liter to developing clusters of `Sovereign Coronation' and Summerland Selection 495 grapes (Vitis spp.). In a similar experiment, one of three levels (0, 1, 10 mg·liter-) of either CPPU or the related compound thidiazuron was applied to `Simone' and Summerland Selection 535. Both phenylurea chemicals tended to linearly increase cluster weight and berry weight while reducing degrees Brix, pH, and anthocyanins and increasing titratable acidity. A subsequent

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12

Tatarkovičová, Věra, and Radek Machač. "Investigation of Conditions for the Determination of Pesticides in Water Using Solid Phase Extraction." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 57, no. 11 (1992): 2295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19922295.

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The conditions for the preconcentration of carbamate, phenylurea and triazine pesticides from water samples were investigated, and optimized methods were developed for the determination of the pesticide groups. Bakerbond spe C18 cartridges were used for the preconcentration. The preconcentrated carbamate and phenylurea pesticides were eluted from the cartridges with acetone, whereas the triazine herbicides were eluted with chloroform. After additional concentration by evaporation, the eluates were analyzed by RC-HPLC on an AQUAPORE RP-300 column using a methanol-water mixture as the mobile pha

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13

Gu, Tao, Chaoyang Zhou, Sebastian R. Sørensen, et al. "The Novel BacterialN-Demethylase PdmAB Is Responsible for the Initial Step ofN,N-Dimethyl-Substituted Phenylurea Herbicide Degradation." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 24 (2013): 7846–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02478-13.

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ABSTRACTThe environmental fate of phenylurea herbicides has received considerable attention in recent decades. The microbial metabolism ofN,N-dimethyl-substituted phenylurea herbicides can generally be initiated by mono-N-demethylation. In this study, the molecular basis for this process was revealed. ThepdmABgenes inSphingobiumsp. strain YBL2 were shown to be responsible for the initial mono-N-demethylation of commonly usedN,N-dimethyl-substituted phenylurea herbicides. PdmAB is the oxygenase component of a bacterial Rieske non-heme iron oxygenase (RO) system. The genespdmAB, encoding the α s

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14

Wu, Qiuhua, Ying Zhao, Chun Wang, Meng Sun, Xiaoxing Ma, and Zhi Wang. "Mesoporous carbon reinforced hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction for the enrichment of phenylurea herbicides followed by their determination with high performance liquid chromatography." Analytical Methods 7, no. 3 (2015): 901–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ay02423k.

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15

Bers, K., I. Batisson, P. Proost, R. Wattiez, R. De Mot, and D. Springael. "HylA, an Alternative Hydrolase for Initiation of Catabolism of the Phenylurea Herbicide Linuron in Variovorax sp. Strains." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 17 (2013): 5258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01478-13.

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ABSTRACTVariovoraxsp. strain WDL1, which mineralizes the phenylurea herbicide linuron, expresses a novel linuron-hydrolyzing enzyme, HylA, that converts linuron to 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA). The enzyme is distinct from the linuron hydrolase LibA enzyme recently identified in other linuron-mineralizingVariovoraxstrains and from phenylurea-hydrolyzing enzymes (PuhA, PuhB) found in Gram-positive bacteria. The dimeric enzyme belongs to a separate family of hydrolases and differs inKm, temperature optimum, and phenylurea herbicide substrate range. Within the metal-dependent amidohydrolase superfami

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16

Brett, W. A., P. Rademacher, and R. Boese. "Structure of N-methyl-N'-phenylurea." Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 46, no. 5 (1990): 880–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270189010206.

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17

Choi, Hyeong, Yong Suk Shim, Byung Hee Han, Sung Kwon Kang, and Chang Keun Sung. "1-[3-(Hydroxymethyl)phenyl]-3-phenylurea." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 67, no. 8 (2011): o2094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536811028315.

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18

KUROGOCHI, Shin, Iwao TAKASE, Isamu YAMAGUCHI, and Tomomasa MISATO. "Metabolism of a Phenylurea Fungicide, Pencycuron [1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1-cyclopentyl-3-phenylurea] in Rice Plants." Journal of Pesticide Science 12, no. 3 (1987): 435–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.12.435.

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19

Cai, Yunrui, Tong Chen, Huajian Zhu, and Hongbin Zou. "Design, Synthesis and Antitumor Assessment of Phenylureas Bearing 5-Fluoroindolin-2-one Moiety." Medicinal Chemistry 16, no. 7 (2020): 958–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573406416666200206123319.

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Background: The development of novel antineoplastic agents remains highly desirable. Objective: This study focuses on the design, synthesis, and antitumor evaluation of phenyl ureas bearing 5-fluoroindolin-2-one moiety. Methods: Three sets of phenylureas were designed and synthesized and their antiproliferative ability was measured against four human carcinoma cell lines (Hela, Eca-109, A549, and MCF-7) via MTT assay. In vivo anticancer activity was further evaluated in xenograft models of human breast cancer (MCF-7). Results: A total of twenty-one new compounds were synthesized and characteri

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20

Saunders, Lucy K., Harriott Nowell, Paul R. Raithby, and Chick C. Wilson. "Crystal engineering urea organic acid hydrogen bonded networks with solvent inclusion properties." CrystEngComm 18, no. 31 (2016): 5916–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ce00872k.

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Eleven structurally similar materials based on hydrogen bonded networks of N-phenylurea and 5-nitroisophthalic acid have been engineered where nine have interesting solvent inclusion and guest release properties.

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21

Ji, Feng, Zhao Zhe, Li Jilong, et al. "Vortex-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on the solidification of sedimentary deep eutectic solvents for the determination of triazine and phenylurea herbicides in milk samples." Analytical Methods 14, no. 4 (2022): 460–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ay01788h.

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Vortex-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on the solidification of sedimentary deep eutectic solvents was developed and applied to the extraction of triazine and phenylurea herbicides in milk samples.

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22

Reddy, Nagireddy Veera, Pailla Santhosh Kumar, Peddi Sudhir Reddy, Mannepalli Lakshmi Kantam, and Kallu Rajender Reddy. "Synthesis of unsymmetrical phenylurea derivatives via oxidative cross coupling of aryl formamides with amines under metal-free conditions." New Journal of Chemistry 39, no. 2 (2015): 805–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4nj01668h.

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A direct transformation of N-aryl formamides to the corresponding phenylurea derivatives via the formation of isocyanate intermediates is achieved in good yields using hypervalent iodine reagents as external oxidants.

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23

Zhang, Hongyuan, Wang Jieying, Liang Zhengji, et al. "Extraction of phenylurea herbicides from rice and environmental water utilizing MIL-100(Fe)-functionalized magnetic adsorbents." New Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 4 (2020): 1548–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj05553c.

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In this paper, a novel method is reported for the extraction and enrichment of phenylurea herbicides (PUHs) from rice and environmental water samples using MIL-100(Fe)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as adsorbents.

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24

Rossi, V., F. Marani, and A. L. Rabiti. "PHENYLUREA DERIVATIVES FOR MICROPROPAGATION OF GARLIC MERISTEMS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 394 (September 1995): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1995.394.28.

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25

Linev, Pavel Andreevich, Irina Valeryevna Burkova, Eldar Parpachevich Magomedbekov, and Anatoly Alexandrovich Fenin. "PHOTOCHEMICAL DECOMPOSITION OF PHENYLUREA IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS." Chemical Industry Today, no. 4 (2021): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.53884/27132854_2021_4_58.

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26

Hamada, Mazen, and Reinhold Wintersteiger. "Determination of phenylurea herbicides in drinking water." Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC 15, no. 1 (2002): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/jpc.15.2002.1.2.

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27

Frydenvang, K., and I. K. Larsen. "1-(1-Cyanocyclohexyl)-1-hydroxy-3-phenylurea." Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 53, no. 8 (1997): 1091–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270197004617.

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28

Yamaguchi, K., G. Matsumura, N. Haga, and K. Shudo. "Structure of N-(2,3,5,6-tetrafluoropyridyl)-N'-phenylurea." Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 48, no. 3 (1992): 559–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270191009769.

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29

Koivukorpi, Juha, and Erkki Kolehmainen. "Novel deoxycholic acid alkylamide-phenylurea-derived organogelators." Tetrahedron Letters 51, no. 8 (2010): 1199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.12.101.

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30

Nitta, Aiko, Yosuke Iura, Hideki Inoue, et al. "Pyrrolidinyl phenylurea derivatives as novel CCR3 antagonists." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 22, no. 22 (2012): 6876–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.09.035.

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31

Pansuriya, Pramod, Hariska Naidu, Holger B. Friedrich, and Glenn E. M. Maguire. "1,1′-(Propane-1,3-diyl)bis(3-phenylurea)." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 67, no. 10 (2011): o2552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536811035343.

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32

Sharma, Priyanka, and C. Raman Suri. "Biotransformation and biomonitoring of phenylurea herbicide diuron." Bioresource Technology 102, no. 3 (2011): 3119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.10.076.

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33

Berger, Bernhard M., Martin Müller, and Andreas Eing. "Quantitative structure-transformation relationships of phenylurea herbicides." Pest Management Science 57, no. 11 (2001): 1043–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.387.

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34

Chen, Wei-Hsiang, Ya-Ciao Yang, Ya-Hong Wang, Chi-Min Li, Kun-Yi Lin, and Jie-Chung Lou. "Effect of molecular characteristics on the formation of nitrosamines during chlor(am)ination of phenylurea herbicides." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 17, no. 12 (2015): 2092–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5em00308c.

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The environmental impacts of phenylurea herbicides are critical to know given their high loadings as non-point source pollutants and typical environmental scenarios (e.g., at neutral pH or in the presence of inorganic nitrogen), resulting in more efficient nitrosamine formation.

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35

Nasrollahzadeh, Mahmoud, Ferydon Babaei, Parisa Fakhri, and Babak Jaleh. "Synthesis, characterization, structural, optical properties and catalytic activity of reduced graphene oxide/copper nanocomposites." RSC Advances 5, no. 14 (2015): 10782–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra12552e.

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This paper reports on the synthesis and use of copper nanoparticles supported on reduced graphene oxide, as separable catalysts for N-arylation of phenylurea with aryl halides under ligand-free and microwave conditions. Also, the structural and optical properties are studied.

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Fellman, Cynthia D., Paul E. Read, and Mary A. Hosier. "Effects of Thidiazuron and CPPU on Meristem Formation and Shoot Proliferation." HortScience 22, no. 6 (1987): 1197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.22.6.1197.

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Abstract N-phenyl-N′1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea (thidiazuron) and several substituted pyridyl phenylurea compounds have been demonstrated to stimulate in vitro meristem and shoot formation at unusually low concentrations. These compounds appear to have strong cytokinin-like effects on a wide range of species and on species that respond little to conventional cytokinins. Thidiazuron has been reported to stimulate shoot proliferation in several woody species (e.g., Acer and Malus). The addition of 0.5μm N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea (CPPU) to the culture medium caused dramatic shoot number

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37

Doltchinkova, Virjinia R., Katia Georgieva, Veneta Kapchina-Toteva, and Juergen Polle. "Electrokinetic properties of thylakoids in in vitro cultured Gypsophila paniculata plants." Functional Plant Biology 27, no. 11 (2000): 1085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp99042.

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In vitro cultured Gypsophila paniculata L. plants were used as a model to evaluate the effect of some cytokinins and anticytokinins on thylakoid surface charge. Influence of the cytokinins N-6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin) and N1-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N2-phenylurea (4-PU-30), cytokinin antagonists 2-chloro-4-cyclobutylamino-6-ethylamino-1,3,5-triazine and N-(4-pyridyl)-O-(4-chlorophenyl) carbamate on the pigment content, surface charge density (s ), fluorescence induction kinetics and millisecond-delayed light emission was studied. Our results showed that the chlorophyll (a+b) content significa

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38

Mattern, Gregory C., George M. Singer, Judy Louis, Mark Robson, and Joseph D. Rosen. "Determination of Linuron in Potatoes Using Capillary Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 72, no. 6 (1989): 970–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/72.6.970.

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Abstract A convenient method for the determination of the JV-methyl,iVmethoxy- phenylurea herbicide (linuron) in potatoes has been developed. The herbicide is extracted from potatoes using a slightly modifled Luke multiresidue procedure. The extract is analyzed directly by gas chromatography with cold on-column injection, using an ion trap mass spectrometer in the chemical ionization mode as the detector. Quantitation is performed using p-bromonitrobenzene as the internal standard. The limit of detection is 0.1 ppm. Recoveries of linuron in potatoes averaged 112 ± 6% at the 0.5 ppm level, and

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39

Tellenbröker, Jörg, and Dietmar Kuck. "Tribenzotriquinacenes bearing three peripheral or bridgehead urea groups stretched into the 3-D space." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 7 (March 18, 2011): 329–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.7.43.

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The syntheses of tribenzotriquinacenes (TBTQ) bearing three phenylurea groupings at either the arene periphery or at the benzhydrylic bridgeheads of the rigid, convex–concave, C 3 v -symmetrical molecular framework are reported. 1H NMR data point to supramolecular aggregation of these TBTQ derivatives in low-polarity solvents.

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40

K., R. DESAI, and K. KAPADIA S. "Studies on Quinoline and Phenothiazine. Preparation and Antimicrobial Activity of 2-Morpholiuo-4- (8' -oxyquinolino )-6-phenylurea-s-triazine and 1,3,7,9-Tetracbloro-10-( acetylpbenylorea )phenothiazine." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 64, Feb 1987 (1987): 128–29. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6216588.

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Department of Chemistry, South Gujarat University, Surat-395 007 <em>Manuuscript received 16 May 1985, accepted 22 January 1987</em> Studies on Quinoline and Phenothiazine. Preparation and Antimicrobial Activity of 2-Morpholiuo-4- (8' -oxyquinolino )-6-phenylurea-s-triazine and 1,3,7,9-Tetracbloro-10-( acetylpbenylorea )phenothiazine

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41

Castro, Albino, Manuel González, Francisco Meijide, and Manuel Mosquera. "Kinetics of the reactions between phenylureas and nitrous acid. Part 2. Nitrosation of 2,4,6-trimethyl- and 4-bromo-phenylurea." J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, no. 12 (1988): 2021–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/p29880002021.

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42

Mague, Joel T., Shaaban K. Mohamed, Mehmet Akkurt, Omran A. Omran, and Mustafa R. Albayati. "Crystal structure of 1-(2-aminophenyl)-3-phenylurea." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 71, no. 2 (2015): o88—o89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989014028175.

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In the title compound, C13H13N3O, the phenyl ring makes a dihedral angle of 47.0 (1)° with the mean plane of the –NC(=O)N– unit, while the dihedral angle between the latter mean plane and the aminophenyl ring is 84.43 (7)°. In the crystal, molecules are linkedviaN—H...O hydrogen bonds involving the central –NHC(=O)NH– units, forming chains running parallel to thebaxis. These chains associate with one anotherviaN—H...O and N—H...N hydrogen bonds, from the pendant amino groups to the –NHC(=O)NH– units of adjacent molecules, forming columns propagating along [010]. The structure was refined as a

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43

Sabali[ubar]nas, D., J. Ellington, and R. Lekevičius. "Alkaline and Neutral Hydrolysis of Four Phenylurea Herbicides." International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 64, no. 2 (1996): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03067319608028341.

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44

Nielen, M. W. F., G. Koomen, R. W. Frei, and U. A. Th Brinkman. "Electrochemical Detection of Phenylurea Herbicides in Liquid Chromatography." Journal of Liquid Chromatography 8, no. 2 (1985): 315–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01483918508067080.

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45

Hosseinzadeh, Rahman, Yaghoub Sarrafi, Maryam Mohadjerani, and Fatemeh Mohammadpourmir. "Copper-catalyzed arylation of phenylurea using KF/Al2O3." Tetrahedron Letters 49, no. 5 (2008): 840–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.11.180.

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46

K�hne, R. O., H. Egli, and G. Heinemann. "An improved residue analytical method for phenylurea herbicides." Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry 339, no. 6 (1991): 374–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00322351.

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47

Liu, Jianbo, and Chuanfan Qian. "Hydrophobic coefficients of s-triazine and phenylurea herbicides." Chemosphere 31, no. 8 (1995): 3951–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(95)00267-c.

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48

Wang, Daoyuan, Fungai N. D. Mukome, Denghua Yan, Hao Wang, Kate M. Scow, and Sanjai J. Parikh. "Phenylurea herbicide sorption to biochars and agricultural soil." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 50, no. 8 (2015): 544–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2015.1028830.

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49

Makhmudiyarova, N. N., and I. R. Ishmukhametova. "Urea and thiourea derivatives in the synthesis of hexaoxazadispiroalkane carboxamides." Журнал органической химии 59, no. 6 (2023): 802–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0514749223060095.

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Abstract:

An efficient method for the synthesis of di(6,7,13,14,18,19-hexaoxa-16-azadispiro[4.2.48.75]nonadecan-16-yl)methane(thi)ones and N -substituted hexaoxaazadispiroalkanecarboxamides by the reaction of 3,6-di(spiroalkane)substituted heptaoxacycloundecanes with thiourea and urea derivatives (urea, 1,1-dimethylurea, 1-phenylurea, 1-allylurea) with the participation of Sm(NO3)3·6H2O as a catalyst.

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50

Bowyer, John, Mark Hilton, Julian Whitelegge, et al. "Molecular Modelling Studies on the Binding of Phenylurea Inhibitors to the D 1 Protein of Photosystem II." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 45, no. 5 (1990): 379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1990-0512.

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Abstract:

Abstract A hypothetical molecular model of part of the D 1 protein of photosystem II, based on the analogous portion of the L subunit of the Rhodopseudomonas viridis reaction centre, has been used to study the binding of an extended hydrophobic phenylurea inhibitor (N,N-dimethyl-carbamoyl)4 -amino-4 ′-chloro-trans-stilbene) (I) to the QB site. The inhibitor was fitted by eye into a cleft in the site, and a limited part of the inhibitor/D 1 complex was energy minimized. The gross orientation of the inhibitor placed the dimethylurea moiety towards the predicted binding domain of the plastoquinon

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