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Academic literature on the topic 'Phéromones – Analyse'
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Journal articles on the topic "Phéromones – Analyse"
Terzo, Michaël, Irena Valterova, Klara Urbanova, and Pierre Rasmont. "De la nécessité de redécrire les phéromones sexuelles des mâles de bourdons [Hymenoptera : Apidae, Bombini] publiées avant 1996 pour leur utilisation en analyse phylogénétique." Biogéographie et phylogénie 84, no. 2 (2004): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/007806ar.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Phéromones – Analyse"
Akoubri, Aomar. "Propriétés électromagnétiques moléculaires : applications à la communication chimique : acides aminés, phéromones et parfums." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-1.pdf.
Full textLacaille, Fabien. "Analyse génétique de la réponse gustative aux phéromones sexuelles et aux substances amères chez Drosophila melanogaster." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOS080.
Full textLanglois, Alexandre. "Progrès vers l’identification de la phéromone sexuelle de la cécidomyie du sapin Paradiplosis tumifex Gagné (Diptera : Cecidomyiidae)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25737.
Full textThe balsam gall midge, Paradiplosis tumifex Gagné (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is a significant pest of the balsam fir causing premature needle senescence, which diminishes its aesthetic value as a Christmas tree. Our goal is to elucidate the female-produced sex pheromone chemical structure to use it in a pheromone trap as a monitoring tool. Thus, we collected female and male effluents where, by analysing them using gas chromatography, a signal shown exclusively in females was observed. Using structural similarities of sex pheromones known for 17 other cecidomyiidae species, we synthesized analogues for which retention indexes were compared to the pheromone to help its identification. Finally, even though the structure has not been determined, the available alternatives to reach our target were discussed.
Vernet-Maury, Evelyne. "Un déclencheur kairomonal de l'alarme et de l'évitement, la triméthylthiazoline : analyse chimio et neuroéthologique, propositions pour la protection des récoltes." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10005.
Full textMeslin, Camille. "Analyse de l'évolution de gènes impliqués dans la reproduction." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR4030.
Full textGenes involved in reproduction evolve rapidly and are often under positive selection. The objective of this work was to study the evolution of some of these genes, potentially involved in speciation, through their involvement in prezygotic barriers.Our results show that for the SAL1 gene, involved in pheromonal recognition in pig, three amino acids under positive selection participate in the specific binding of the pig pheromone. We also perform an evolutionary analysis of genes experimentally shown to be involved in the sperm-oocyte interaction during fertilization. Each of the nineteen species studied exhibit a particular pattern of evolution, characterized by gene gains and losses, as well as the position of amino acids under positive selection. The divergent evolution of all these genes could be involved in speciation or at least in the reinforcement of species barriers.Finally, the PhyleasProg web server was designed during the thesis. This tool permits to scientists with no experience in phylogenetic analyses to acquire a large number of results quickly and easily on the evolutionary history of their genes of interest
Jaffar-Bandjee, Mourad. "Pheromone transport in multiscale pectinate antennae." Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR4021.
Full textIn many moth species, female adults release tiny amounts of sexual pheromone in order to attract male mates and reproduce. The quantity of released pheromone is around a few dozens of nanograms and male moths can detect it a few hundred meters away from females. As a consequence, they must be able to smell very low concentrations of pheromone. This olfactory function is carried out by the antennae. A critical step in the olfactory process is the capture of molecules from the air. This is a mass transport problem which depends heavily on the shape of the antenna. One of the most spectacular shapes, which occurs in several moth families, is the pectinate antenna. This type of antenna is also thought to be more effective at detecting pheromones than cylindrical-shaped ones. In this work, we investigated whether and how the shape of the pectinate antenna influences its efficiency at capturing pheromone molecules. We focused on one species, Samia cynthia.A pectinate antenna is a complex and multi-scale object. It has a length of 1cm and is composed of one main branch, the flagellum, which carries secondary branches, the rami. Each rami supports numerous hairs, the sensilla, which are 150µm long and have a diameter of only 3µm. Thus, the characteristic dimensions of the antenna span over four orders of magnitude, which makes the study of such objects difficult.To simplify our problem, we decided to split the pectinate antenna in two levels: the macrostructure, composed of the flagellum and the rami, and the microstructure, composed of a rami and the sensilla it bears. Both structures were scaled up and fabricated by Additive Manufacturing. The building of the rami and sensilla, which are long and thin cylinders, was a challenge as we reached the limits of the 3D-printers we used.Pectinate antenna are permeable objects, as are the macro-and microstructures. Thus, air flowing in the direction of such objects either passes through the antenna or is deflected around it. Leakiness if the proportion of flow passing through the permeable object. This parameter is important as it sets an upper limit on the pheromone captured by the antenna: molecules carried by the deflected part of the flow cannot be captured. We experimentally determined the leakiness of the macro- and microstructures at several air velocities encountered by a moth in nature using Particle Image Velocimetry.We then calculated the pheromone capture and efficiency of the microstructure by adapting a model of heat transfer to our mass transport problem. We showed that the longitudinal orientation of the sensilla is sufficient to explain the phenomenon of olfactory lens, stating that the tip of the sensilla captures more molecules than the base. We also found that the efficiency of the antenna is limited by both the leakiness of the antenna, which increases with air velocity, and the local capture, which is the proportion of molecules captured in the part of the airflow passing through the antenna and which decreases with air velocity. Eventually, the microstructure does not have a strong maximum efficiency at a specific air velocity but, instead, is moderately efficient over the large range of air velocity encountered by a moth.We developed a method with the help of FEM simulations to combine the two levels (the macrostructure and the microstructure). This method is based on the relation between drag and leakiness and allowed us to determine the leakiness of the entire antenna. We then could calculate the efficiency of the pectinate antenna and compared it with the one of a cylindrical-shaped one. We found that a pectinate design is a good solution to increase the surface contact between the air and the antenna strongly while maintaining a good capture efficiency at the velocities encountered by the moth
Moncomble, Anne-Sophie. "Contribution à l’étude des mécanismes olfactifs initiateurs de l’ingestion lactée et post-lactée chez le lapereau : analyses éthologiques, histologiques et chimiques." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOS046.
Full textThe present study is devoted to the chemosensory mechanisms which govern the interactions between the doe and her litter. 1) Rabbits pups are attracted from birth by odour cues released on the nipples' surface and from milk. The active cue responsible for milk but not for the nipples attractivity is the mammary pheromone (MP). Two sources can produce these cues: a) the sebaceous glands located at the base of the nipple's epidermis; b) the lactiferous ducts’ epithelium, located at the sinus level, in which milk only becomes behaviourally efficient. 2) The doe leaves faecal pellets after each nursing visit. These pellets are olfactivly attractive during the 30 min after suckling for the 10 first postnatal days. The pups ingest part of them. Faecal pellets bear secretions from the anal glands. The attraction to the pellets may be caused by the MP. Consequently, the behaviour of the rabbits pups towards to the milk and the faecal pellets could be based on the same chemical compound