Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'PHIL simulation'

This thesis deals with analysis and implementation of Power-HIL system that is designed to simulate real DC motor with comutator and permanent magnets. For problem analysis were used simulations of real components in Matlab / Simulink. The electronic parts of system were simulated with using the SimElectronic library. Idividual hardware components were designed according to simulation results. The outcome of this thesis is a power electronic simulator of real DC motor, which is implemented on dSPACE platform. The system allows software to setup parameters and behavior of simulated motor. The final system can be used for testing DC motor ECU (electronic control units).

L'intégration des énergies renouvelables a conduit à introduire la notion d'utilisation locale de ces nouvelles sources de production. Nous pouvons définir le paradigme de microréseau comme une agrégation de plusieurs sources d'énergie distribuée qui peuvent alimenter leurs charges locales. Ces microréseaux peuvent être îlotables pour garantir la continuité de service et l'alimentation des charges. Pour assurer la fiabilité du réseau, une stratégie de protection des générateurs et du microréseau lui-même a été proposée. Dans ce mémoire, les points communs et les différences entre les générateurs classiques et les générateurs connectés au réseau à l'aide de convertisseur d' d'électronique de puissance sont présentés. Ensuite, nous présentons la conception d'une source de tension à base d'une micro-turbine à gaz comme source d'énergie primaire contrôlable. Nous étudions les possibilités pour le générateur de demeurer connecté dans les conditions du creux de tension (fault-ride-through) tout en étant protégé contre les surintensités. Nous avons proposé deux solutions différentes permettant de limiter ces courants du générateur. De plus, pour assurer la continuité d'alimentation des charges en deux modes de fonctionnement, nous avons intégré un détecteur de l'ilotage basé sur le relais ROCOF dans le système de commande du générateur. Une validation expérimentale pour ces travaux a été réalisée en utilisant la simulation temps réel PHIL. Finalement, un plan de protection coordonnée valide dans les deux modes de fonctionnement et avec les différents types de source est présenté. Cette stratégie a été testée sur un exemple de microréseau simulé sur le simulateur temps réel

This work demonstrates the capability of a power electronic based power hardware-inthe- loop (PHIL) platform to emulate electric machines for the purpose of a motor drive testbench with a particular focus on induction machine emulation. PHIL presents advantages over full-hardware testing of motor drives as the PHIL platform can save space and cost that comes from the physical construction of multiple electric machine test configurations. This thesis presents real-time models that were developed for the purpose of PHIL emulation. Additionally, real-time modeling considerations are presented as well as the modeling considerations that stem from implementing the model in a PHIL testbench. Next, the design and implementation of the PHIL testbench is detailed. This thesis describes the design of the interface inductor between the motor drive and the emulation platform. Additionally, practical implementation challenges such as common mode and ground loop noise are discussed and solutions are presented. Finally, experimental validation of the modeling and emulation of the induction machine is presented and the performance of the machine emulation testbench is discussed.
Master of Science
According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), electric power usage is increasing across all sectors, and particularly in the transportation sector [1]. This increase is apparent in one's daily life through the increase of electric vehicles on the road. Power electronics convert electricity in one form to electricity in another form. This conversion of power is playing an increasingly important role in society because examples of this conversion include converting the dc voltage of a battery to ac voltage in an electric car or the conversion of the ac power grid to dc to power a laptop. Additionally, even within an electric car, power converters transform the battery's electric power from a higher dc voltage into lower voltage dc power to supply the entertainment system and into ac power to drive the car's motor. The electrification of the transportation sector is leading to an increase in the amount of electric energy that is being consumed and processed through power electronics. As was illustrated in the previous examples of electric cars, the application of power electronics is very wide and thus requires different testbenches for the many different applications. While some industries are used to power electronics and testing converters, transportation electrification is increasing the number of companies and industries that are using power electronics and electric machines. As industry is shifting towards these new technologies, it is a prime opportunity to change the way that high power testing is done for electric machines and power converters. Traditional testing methods are potentially dangerous and lack the flexibility that is required to test a wide variety of machines and drives. Power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) testing presents a safe and adaptable solution to high power testing of electric machines. Traditionally, electric machines were primarily used in heavy industry such as milling, processing, and pumping applications. These applications, and other applications such as an electric motor in a car or plane are called motor drive systems. Regardless of the particular application of the motor drive system, there are generally three parts: a dc source, an inverter, and the electric machine. In most applications, other than cars which have a dc battery, the dc source is a power electronic converter called a rectifier which converts ac electricity from the grid to dc for the motor drive. Next, the motor drive converts the dc electricity from the first stage to a controlled ac output to drive the electric machine. Finally, the electric machine itself is the final piece of the electrical system and converts the electrical energy to mechanical energy which can drive a fan, belt, or axle. The fact that this motor drive system can be generalized and applied to a wide range of applications makes its study particularly interesting. PHIL simplifies testing of these motor drive systems by allowing the inverter to connect directly to a machine emulator which is able to replicate a variety of loads. Furthermore, this work demonstrates the capability of PHIL to emulate both the induction machine load as well as the dc source by considering several rectifier topologies without any significant adjustments from the machine emulation platform. This thesis demonstrates the capabilities of the EGSTON Power Electronics GmbH COMPISO System Unit to emulate motor drive systems to allow for safer, more flexible motor drive system testing. The main goal of this thesis is to demonstrate an accurate PHIL emulation of a induction machine and to provide validation of the emulation results through comparison with an induction machine.

Lors de cette thèse, nous nous sommes focalisés sur le calcul à haute performance, dans le domaine très précis des simulations de Monte Carlo appliquées à la physique des hautes énergies, et plus particulièrement, aux simulations pour la propagation de particules dans un milieu. Les simulations de Monte Carlo sont des simulations particulièrement consommatrices en ressources, temps de calcul, capacité mémoire. Dans le cas précis sur lequel nous nous sommes penchés, la première simulation de Monte Carlo existante prenait plus de temps à simuler le phénomène physique que le phénomène lui-même n’en prenait pour se dérouler dans les conditions expérimentales. Cela posait donc un sévère problème de performance. L’objectif technique minimal était d’avoir une simulation prenant autant de temps que le phénomène réel observé, l’objectif maximal était d’avoir une simulation bien plus rapide. En effet, ces simulations sont importantes pour vérifier la bonne compréhension de ce qui est observé dans les conditions expérimentales. Plus nous disposons d’échantillons statistiques simulés, meilleurs sont les résultats. Cet état initial des simulations ouvrait donc de nombreuses perspectives d’un point de vue optimisation et calcul à haute performance. Par ailleurs, dans notre cas, le gain de performance étant proprement inutile s’il n’est pas accompagné d’une reproductibilité des résultats, la reproductibilité numérique de la simulation est de ce fait un aspect que nous devons prendre en compte.C’est ainsi que dans le cadre de cette thèse, après un état de l’art sur le profilage, l’optimisation et la reproductibilité, nous avons proposé plusieurs stratégies visant à obtenir plus de performances pour nos simulations. Dans tous les cas, les optimisations proposées étaient précédées d’un profilage. On n’optimise jamais sans avoir profilé. Par la suite, nous nous intéressés à la création d’un profileur parallèle en programmation orientée aspect pour nos besoins très spécifiques, enfin, nous avons considéré la problématique de nos simulations sous un angle nouveau : plutôt que d’optimiser une simulation existante, nous avons proposé des méthodes permettant d’en créer une nouvelle, très spécifique à notre domaine, qui soit d’emblée reproductible, statistiquement correcte et qui puisse passer à l’échelle. Dans toutes les propositions, de façon transverse, nous nous sommes intéressés aux architectures multicore et manycore d’Intel pour évaluer les performances à travers une architecture orientée serveur et une architecture orientée calcul à haute performance. Ainsi, grâce à la mise en application de nos propositions, nous avons pu optimiser une des simulations de Monte Carlo, nous permettant d’obtenir un gain de performance de l’ordre de 400X, une fois optimisée et parallélisée sur un nœud de calcul avec 32 cœurs physiques. De même, nous avons pu proposer l’implémentation d’un profileur, programmé à l’aide d’aspects et capable de gérer le parallélisme à la fois de la machine sur laquelle il est exécuté mais aussi de l’application qu’il profile. De plus, parce qu’il emploi les aspects, il est portable et n’est pas fixé à une architecture matérielle en particulier. Enfin, nous avons implémenté la simulation prévue pour être reproductible, performante et ayant des résultats statistiquement viables. Nous avons pu constater que ces objectifs étaient atteints quelle que soit l’architecture cible pour l’exécution. Cela nous a permis de valider notamment notre méthode de vérification de la reproductibilité numérique d’une simulation
During this thesis, we focused on High Performance Computing, specifically on Monte Carlo simulations applied to High Energy Physics. We worked on simulations dedicated to the propagation of particles through matter. Monte Carlo simulations require significant CPU time and memory footprint. Our first Monte Carlo simulation was taking more time to simulate the physical phenomenon than the said phenomenon required to happen in the experimental conditions. It raised a real performance issue. The minimal technical aim of the thesis was to have a simulation requiring as much time as the real observed phenomenon. Our maximal target was to have a much faster simulation. Indeed, these simulations are critical to asses our correct understanding of what is observed during experimentation. The more we have simulated statistics samples, the better are our results. This initial state of our simulation was allowing numerous perspectives regarding optimisation, and high performance computing. Furthermore, in our case, increasing the performance of the simulation was pointless if it was at the cost of losing results reproducibility. The numerical reproducibility of the simulation was then an aspect we had to take into account. In this manuscript, after a state of the art about profiling, optimisation and reproducibility, we proposed several strategies to gain more performance in our simulations. In each case, all the proposed optimisations followed a profiling step. One never optimises without having profiled first. Then, we looked at the design of a parallel profiler using aspect-oriented programming for our specific needs. Finally, we took a new look at the issues raised by our Monte Carlo simulations: instead of optimising existing simulations, we proposed methods for developing a new simulation from scratch, having in mind it is for High Performance Computing and it has to be statistically sound, reproducible and scalable. In all our proposals, we looked at both multicore and manycore architectures from Intel to benchmark the performance on server-oriented architecture and High Performance Computing oriented architecture. Through the implementation of our proposals, we were able to optimise one of the Monte Carlo simulations, permitting us to achieve a 400X speedup, once optimised and parallelised on a computing node with 32 physical cores. We were also able to implement a profiler with aspects, able to deal with the parallelism of its computer and of the application it profiles. Moreover, because it relies on aspects, it is portable and not tied to any specific architecture. Finally, we implemented the simulation designed to be reproducible, scalable and to have statistically sound results. We observed that these goals could be achieved, whatever the target architecture for execution. This enabled us to assess our method for validating the numerical reproducibility of a simulation

Nowadays, the simulation of ultrasound acoustic waves has a wide range of practical usage. As one of them we can name the simulation in realistic tissue media, which is successfully used in medicine. There are several software applications dedicated to perform such simulations. k-Wave is one of them. The computational difficulty of the simulation itself is very high, and this leaves a space to explore new speed-up methods. In this master's thesis, we proposed a way to speed-up the simulation based on parallelization using Intel Xeon Phi accelerator. The accelerator contains large amount of cores and an extra-wide vector unit, and therefore, is ideal for purpose of parallelization and vectorization. The implementation is using OpenMP version 4.0, which brings some new options such as explicit vectorization. Results were measured during extensive experiments.

This thesis covers the development of complex HIL simulator for the fifth car door. The beginning of the thesis is dedicated to theoretical research in the area of In-the-Loop testing. Practical part describes development of HIL simulator complemented by power electronics part. A simulation environment Matlab/Simulink was used for control design and analysis. Before the beginning of the work was measured signal part of control unit and specific signal sequences were identified. The control was applied on sbRIO device from National Instruments company with the implementation of a model on FPGA. Specific requirements for sensing speed and generation of communication signals lead to creation of unique hardware for application needs. The result of the thesis is complex HIL simulator with intuitive GUI and possibility of simulations a wide range of DC motors.

La simulation est de plus en plus utilisée dans le domaine industriel du Contrôle Non Destructif. Elle est employée tout au long du processus de contrôle, que ce soit pour en accélérer la mise au point ou en comprendre les résultats. Les travaux menés au cours de cette thèse présentent une méthode de calcul rapide de champ ultrasonore rayonné par un capteur multi-éléments dans une pièce isotrope, permettant un usage interactif des simulations. Afin de tirer parti des architectures parallèles communément disponibles, un modèle régulier (qui limite au maximum les branchements divergents) dérivé du modèle générique présent dans la plateforme logicielle CIVA a été mis au point. Une première implémentation de référence a permis de le valider par rapport aux résultats CIVA et d'analyser son comportement en termes de performances. Le code a ensuite été porté et optimisé sur trois classes d'architectures parallèles aujourd'hui disponibles dans les stations de calcul : le processeur généraliste central (GPP), le coprocesseur manycore (Intel MIC) et la carte graphique (nVidia GPU). Concernant le processeur généraliste et le coprocesseur manycore, l'algorithme a été réorganisé et le code implémenté afin de tirer parti des deux niveaux de parallélisme disponibles, le multithreading et les instructions vectorielles. Sur la carte graphique, les différentes étapes de simulation de champ ont été découpées en une série de noyaux CUDA. Enfin, des bibliothèques de calculs spécifiques à ces architectures, Intel MKL et nVidia cuFFT, ont été utilisées pour effectuer les opérations de Transformées de Fourier Rapides. Les performances et la bonne adéquation des codes produits ont été analysées en détail pour chaque architecture. Dans plusieurs cas, sur des configurations de contrôle réalistes, des performances autorisant l'interactivité ont été atteintes. Des perspectives pour traiter des configurations plus complexes sont dressées. Enfin la problématique de l'industrialisation de ce type de code dans la plateforme logicielle CIVA est étudiée
The Non Destructive Testing field increasingly uses simulation.It is used at every step of the whole control process of an industrial part, from speeding up control development to helping experts understand results. During this thesis, a simulation tool dedicated to the fast computation of an ultrasonic field radiated by a phase array probe in an isotropic specimen has been developped. Its performance enables an interactive usage. To benefit from the commonly available parallel architectures, a regular model (aimed at removing divergent branching) derived from the generic CIVA model has been developped. First, a reference implementation was developped to validate this model against CIVA results, and to analyze its performance behaviour before optimization. The resulting code has been optimized for three kinds of parallel architectures commonly available in workstations: general purpose processors (GPP), manycore coprocessors (Intel MIC) and graphics processing units (nVidia GPU). On the GPP and the MIC, the algorithm was reorganized and implemented to benefit from both parallelism levels, multhreading and vector instructions. On the GPU, the multiple steps of field computing have been divided in multiple successive CUDA kernels.Moreover, libraries dedicated to each architecture were used to speedup Fast Fourier Transforms, Intel MKL on GPP and MIC and nVidia cuFFT on GPU. Performance and hardware adequation of the produced algorithms were thoroughly studied for each architecture. On multiple realistic control configurations, interactive performance was reached. Perspectives to adress more complex configurations were drawn. Finally, the integration and the industrialization of this code in the commercial NDT plateform CIVA is discussed

The computation of the macroscopic response of polycrystalline aggregates from the properties of their single-crystal is a main problem in materials mechanics. During the mechanical deformation processing, all the grains in the polycrystalline material sample are reoriented. A crystallographic texture may thus be developed which is responsible for the material anisotropy. Therefore, the modeling of the texture evolution is important to predict the anisotropy effects present in industrial processes. The formulation of polycrystals plasticity has been the subject of many studies and different approaches have been proposed. Ahzi and M'Guil developed a viscoplastic phi-model. This model takes into account the grains interaction effects without involving the Eshelby inclusion problems.In this thesis, the phi-model was applied to different crystallographic structures and under different loading conditions. The mechanical twinning has been taken into account in the model. The FCC rolling texture transition from copper-type to brass-type texture is studied. The shear tests in FCC metals are also studied. The predicted results are compared with experimental shear textures for a range of metals having a high SFE to low SFE. For BCC metal, we compare our predicted results with those predicted by the VPSC model. We study the slip activities, texture evolutions and the evolution of yield loci. We also present a comparison with experimental textures from literatures for several BCC metals under cold rolling tests. The model has also been extended to HCP metals. We predict the deformation behavior of the magnesium alloy for different interaction strengths. We also compare our predicted results with experimental data from literatures. We show that the results predicted by the phi-model are in good agreement with the experimental ones.

An understanding of compartment fire behaviour is important for fire protection engineers. For design purposes, whether to use a prescriptive code or performance based design, life safety and property protection issues are required to be assessed. The use of design fires in computer modelling is the general method to determine fire safety. However these computer models are generally limited to the input of one design fire, with consideration of the complex interaction between fuel packages and the compartment environment being simplified. Of particular interest is the Heat Release Rate, HRR, as this is the commonly prescribed design parameter for fire modelling. If the HRR is not accurate then it can be subsequently argued that the design scenario may be flawed. Therefore the selection of the most appropriate fire design scenario is critical, and an increased level of understanding of compartment behaviour is an invaluable aid to fire engineering assumptions. This thesis details an experimental study to enhance the understanding of the impact and interaction that the size and location of pool fires within an enclosure have upon the compartment fire behaviour. Thirty four experiments were conducted in a reduced scale compartment (½ height) with dimensions of 3.6m long by 2.4m wide by 1.2m high using five typical ventilation geometries (fully open, soffit, door, window and small window). Heptane pool fires were used, located in permutations of three evenly distributed locations within the compartment (rear, centre and front) as well as larger equivalent area pans located only in the centre. This thesis describes the experimental development, setup and results of the experimental study. To assist in the classification of compartment fire behaviour during the experiments, a ‘phi’ meter was developed to measure the time dependent equivalence ratio. The phi meter was developed and configured to measure O₂, CO₂ and CO. The background development, calibration, and experimental results are reported. A review of compartment fire modelling using Fire Dynamics Simulator, has also been completed and the results discussed. The results of this experimental study were found to have significant implications for Fire Safety Engineering in that the size of the fire is not as significant as the location of the fire. The effect of a fire near the vent opening was found to have a significant impact on compartment fire behaviour with the vent located fuel source increasing the total compartment heat release rate by a factor of 1.7 to that of a centrally placed pool fire of the same total fuel area. The assumption that a fire located in the centre of the room provides for the highest heat release rate is not valid for post-flashover compartment fires. The phi meter was found to provide good agreement with the equivalence ratio calculated from total compartment mass loss rates, and the results of FDS modelling indicate that the use of the model in its current form can not be applied to complex pool fire geometries.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2007.
Advisor: Thomas L. Baldwin, Florida State University, College of Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Mar. 27, 2008). Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 68 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

Power Hardware In Loop (PHIL) simulation is a test method where equipment intended for field application can be debugged and tested in the factory by connecting to a virtual power system model simulated on a real-time simulator. Hence the PHIL simulation may be very effective in developing, debugging and commissioning power equipment. However, due to imperfections (e.g., time delay, noise injection, phase lag, limited bandwidth) in the power interface, simulations in this method show errors or even instable results. This thesis presents means to improve the simulation accuracy of the PHIL simulation. In order to achieve this, a simulation model is constructed for the PHIL simulation process itself. Using simulation, the sensitivity of the simulation to parameters in the interface equipment as well as interface software is thoroughly investigated. One interesting result is that the simulation is significantly affected by phase delay. Based on the analysis, an improved algorithm that uses additional interface filters (implemented in hardware and/or software) is proposed. The thesis shows that more stable and accurate results can be obtained by using the new algorithm. The validity of the proposed methods is verified through a simulation based study and hardware based studies.

碩士
國立成功大學
機械工程學系
103
Conventional transient Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are very computationally intensive for three dimensional flows. Since CFD simulation nowadays needs a larger computational grid in order to get a more precise solution, as such it needs more computational time to reach a reasonable result. In order to reduce the time required for CFD computation, many researchers have employed parallel computing - the use of multiple CPU cores, cooperating to effectively share the workload. However, typical High Performance Computing (HPC) clusters used for parallel CFD are very expensive, making this alternative unavailable for many small engineering companies. Recent developments by Intel have resulted in the release of the Xeon Phi coprocessor - a device containing a large number of CPU cores - which can be added to a conventional computer system to increase the computational capability. This research presents the development and application of a transient, compressible CFD solver using an unstructured tetrahedral grid to simulate three dimensional flows through complex geometries by using the computational power of the Xeon Phi coprocessor. The resulting solvers - an exact Riemann solver and a QDS solver - are capable of computing flows at speeds equivalent to approximately 10-15 conventional Xeon CPU cores while only costing approximately 1/5th (20 percent) that of a conventional HPC workstation. This research will cover the performance characteristics of the Many Integrated Core (MIC) Architecture of Xeon PHI coprocessor. In addition to the application of an exact Riemann solver to Phi parallelization, this research has applied the Quiet Direct Simulation (QDS) solver to unstructured parallel computation. Details of the implementation are described within, and results are shown for several industrial applications. The performance characteristics of QDS compared to the analytical Riemann solver are described in detail.

abstract: High Impedance Surfaces (HISs), which have been investigated extensively, have proven to be very efficient ground planes for low profile antenna applications due to their unique reflection phase characteristics. Another emerging research field among the microwave and antenna technologies is the design of flexible antennas and microwave circuits to be utilized in conformal applications. The combination of those two research topics gives birth to a third one, namely the design of Conformal or Flexible HISs (FHISs), which is the main subject of this dissertation. The problems associated with the FHISs are twofold: characterization and physical realization. The characterization involves the analysis of scattering properties of FHISs in the presence of plane wave and localized sources. For this purpose, an approximate analytical method is developed to characterize the reflection properties of a cylindrically curved FHIS. The effects of curvature on the reflection phase of the curved FHISs are examined. Furthermore, the effects of different types of currents, specifically the ones inherent to finite sized periodic structures, on the reflection phase characteristics are observed. After the reflection phase characterization of curved HISs, the performance of dipole antennas located in close proximity to a curved HIS are investigated, and the results are compared with the flat case. Different types of resonances that may occur for such a low-profile antenna application are discussed. The effects of curvature on the radiation performance of antennas are examined. Commercially available flexible materials are relatively thin which degrades the bandwidth of HISs. Another practical aspect, which is related to the substrate thickness, is the compactness of the surface. Because of the design limitations of conventional HISs, it is not possible to miniaturize the HIS and increase the bandwidth, simultaneously. To overcome this drawback, a novel HIS is proposed with a periodically perforated ground plane. Copper plated through holes are extremely vulnerable to bending and should be avoided at the bending parts of flexible circuits. Fortunately, if designed properly, the perforations on the ground plane may result in suppression of surface waves. Hence, metallic posts can be eliminated without hindering the surface wave suppression properties of HISs.
Dissertation/Thesis
Ph.D. Electrical Engineering 2013