Academic literature on the topic 'Philippine ordinances'

The study measured the factors affecting effective dissemination of peace and order ordinances to punong barangays in the Municipality of Maria Aurora, Aurora Province, Philippines. The study used predesigned survey questionnaires and key informants in the gathering of data. The questionnaire distribution was based on purposive sampling. The participants are thirty-four (34) punong barangays. The barangay is the smallest political unit in the Philippines. The data gathered are treated with frequency distribution and weighted mean. The factors of dissemination are: a) socio-demographic characteristics of respondents, b) information sources, c) strategies and channels of communication are measured. In general, participants’ level of interest towards new legislation is positive. However, a slight divergence is noticed in the case of upland barangays as they manifested little awareness on the existing peace and order ordinances. Thus, it is recommended that effective dissemination strategies be adopted and information materials be developed to improve dissemination of new ordinances. The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in information dissemination is highly recommended.

Four Baroque Roman Catholic churches constructed between the 16th and the 18th centuries during the Spanish period of the Philippines are inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Two of them are assessed in this study. Generally, the paper aimed to assess the management of the two baroque churches in Region I, Philippines, to wit: the Paoay Church and and Sta. Maria Church. Specifically, it sought to 1) identify the reason for their inscription; 2) discuss the laws and ordinances that provide for the protection and conservation of these sites; 3) discuss how the protection and conservation of these sites are administered; and 4) and determine the extent of the compliance by these sites of the requirements of protection and conservation. There are laws, international and national as well as ordinances passed at the local levels to provide protection and preservation of the heritage sites. The Paoay Church is managed by the following groups, to wit: 1) Paoay Church Restoration Task Force; 2) Municipal Government; 3) Homeowners Association within the Heritage District; and 4) Other NGOs. The Sta. Maria Church, on the other hand, is managed by the different groups that comprise the Sta. Maria Heritage District Council. As conclusions, there are adequate laws to protect the heritage sites. But some provisions are not strictly enforced. The LGUs are very supportive. However, their participation, particularly in Sta. Maria is constrained by lack of funds. Parish priests play a very significant role in the preservation of these churches. Their competence or enlightenment on conservation efforts would spell their success or failure.

One of the most common problems in the education system in northern Iloilo is students are escaping from classes to smoke with friends and classmates. This act resulted to slow performances in all subject areas. This research aims to find out the influence of anti-smoking campaigns such as symposiums, posters, lectures and video clips to the Junior High School students in northern Iloilo, Philippines. All the students were classified into three categories; non-smokers, second-hand smokers, and smokers. Two from each category were purposively selected. Interview and observation were utilized. The study revealed that non-smokers assured that they will not get involved in this kind of vices, second-hand smokers vowed to encourage their parents, relatives, friends, and classmates to stop cigarette smoking, and smokers to stop smoking because of the results to our organ systems. Health is very important to all the informants. Also, many of these participants belong to below-average learners. In this study, anti-smoking campaigns are effective methods to discourage students to smoke. No e-cigarettes smokers in the group because of its values. Parents and guardians play a vital role in the implementation of this advocacy. Also, the local government units should regulate the implementation of policies and ordinances regarding the smoking of minors. Thus, anti-smoking campaigns and messages could be excellent avenues to educate students about ordinances and laws, and the effects of smoking on our health.

Background: Between 2010 and 2018, the Philippines had a 203% increase in new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. The use of condoms is an effective and practical means to prevent HIV transmission. The purpose of this study was to identify facilitators and barriers to condom use among Filipinos guided by the Ecological Model of Health Promotion. Methods: A systematic review of literature using electronic databases was performed using the following keywords: "condom," "Filipinos," and "Philippines." To be included in this review, papers should be (1) research studies, (2) studies that examined condom use, and (3) studies that sampled Filipinos residing in the Philippines. The final sample comprised of 27 articles. Results: Multiple and interrelated factors at the individual and social environment levels influence condom use among different groups of Filipinos. Majority of these factors originated at the intrapersonal level. Some of the facilitators to condom use were knowledge on HIV, higher perceived HIV risk, peer support, positive manager attitude, health provider engagement, and city ordinances. In contrast, some of the barriers to condom use were discomfort and displeasure on condom use, low parental communication, lack of sex education, social stigma, and the high price of condoms. Conclusion: A collaborative, culturally-sensitive, and population-specific approach is essential to develop and implement acceptable, sustainable, and successful condom use interventions.

Peace is indivisible and global because it is the foundation of the survival of humanity. Ensuring peace and security of the people is vital in maintaining economic development, social order, and political stability. In the Philippines, the functionality of community peace and order and public safety (POPS) is strictly monitored by the government. This descriptive-comparative study assessed the extent of implementation of the POPS in terms of crime prevention and control, anti-illegal drugs, public safety, and enforcement of ordinances. It also investigated the differences in the implementation of the program when the communities are grouped according to variables. Further, it explored the challenges and suggestions of community leaders. Using a researcher-made survey questionnaire, data were gathered from respondents. Findings revealed a great extent of implementation, but there were significant differences when barangays were grouped into variables. The findings were utilized as bases for an enhanced POPS program.

Abstract World Heritage, a project of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) that aims to protect and preserve tangible and intangible inheritances of mankind, enables the construction of 'distributed, "polycentric" networked economy of cultural production and exchange'. This article focuses on Calle Crisologo in northern Philippines, analysing the ways in which it has been creatively produced as World Heritage Site from postcolonial Vigan's built space. Building on Pierre Bourdieu's concepts of habitus, field, and capital and reading ordinances and an architect's plans, I argue that the World Heritage project reconfigures the once local space into a global spectacle. While World Heritage is a western construct and a result of the experience of late modernity, how it is manifested in Calle Crisologo also shows how vernacular modernity developed in Vigan as a colonial city. With the syncretic mixing of cultures in everyday Calle Crisologo as a resource, western modernity, supposed to be unitary and linear in its aims of progress and development, gets deflected.

Waste from aquaculture is considered as one of the possible causes of water quality deterioration in Manila Bay. Aquaculture in the area accounts for almost 30% of the total production in the Philippines. This high production entails intensified application of inputs that could possibly contribute to the nutrient (nitrogen, N and phosphorus, P) load in the bay. Thus, estimation of the N, P and SO4 loaded from aquaculture farms is necessary to develop more responsive intervention to reduce nutrient load in Manila Bay. Water samples were collected throughout the rearing period from different aquaculture systems in Cavite, Bulacan, Pampanga, and Bataan. The annual estimated N and P loaded from aquaculture farms were 12, 696.66 MT and 2, 363.01 MT, respectively. Fish pens/cages recorded the highest contribution accounting for 88% N and 86% P of the total load. It can be attributed to the direct release of uneaten feeds into the bodies of water. Roughly, 12% N and 14% P were obtained from the fishponds. Furthermore, the annual SO4 loaded from fishponds was estimated at 36,917.54 MT. Results of the study suggested that there should be an extensive monitoring of the environmental impacts and annual load of aquaculture farms for the sustainable regulations and management of aquaculture activities to reduce nutrient load and improve the aquaculture production as well. Finally, strict compliance to the regulatory guidelines and ordinances must be imposed to achieve the effluent quality standards.

Aims: Undernutrition among 0 to 5 years old children remains a public health problem in the Philippines. This process evaluation study documented and examined the implementation of an intervention strategy for young children. Methods: Complementary feeding of 6-month to 2-year-old children was implemented for 120 days by the municipalities of Plaridel and Pulilan in Bulacan, Philippines utilizing local-based food made of rice and mung bean along with nutrition education classes among mothers/caregivers using the developed nutrition modules. A total of 121 mother-/caregiver-child pairs were the program participants of the intervention. Pre-post design were used in the analysis of quantitative data. Qualitative data were encoded verbatim manually using emerging themes. Key informant interviews among community workers and municipal officials and focus group discussions among mothers/caregivers and community workers were conducted to gather the needed data. Results: The municipalities adhered to the program phases of planning, organizing, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation. At end-line, the weight of children participants increased in both municipalities and the mean nutrition knowledge scores of mothers/caregivers increased significantly ( P < .05). Conclusions: This process evaluation confirmed that the proposed nutrition intervention strategy for young children can be implemented at the local level. The strong support and active cooperation of the local program implementers and mothers/caregivers and adherence to program requirements were the key factors in the efficient implementation of the intervention. For sustainability, the passing of local ordinance for the adoption of intervention and budget support for implementation of the intervention is recommended.

Transparency and accountability are essentials to the operation of governments. They are tools to prevent corruption. The study assessed the observance of the shared principles of transparency and accountability in the local legislative departments of five cities in the province of Nueva Ecija, in the Philippines. It discussed the importance of transparency and accountability in local governance; described the shared commitment to governance principles of accountability and transparency of local legislators, and correlated local legislators commitment to governance principles to legislative performance measured in terms of the number of ordinances and resolutions made. Using the mixed methods of research and Pearson Product Moment Correlation, the study found that: (a) the twin principles of transparency and accountability are necessary for local legislative operations; (b) local legislators observed governance principles of transparency and accountability and; (c) actual observance of transparency and accountability are associated to higher level of legislative performance. The study recommended that observance of transparency and accountability may be strengthened through the use of Information Communications Technology not only to monitor legislative duties but also to better respond to public demands and produce the quality of services commensurate to the value of public money.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Os Regimentos da Inquisição ˗ fontes legislativas destinadas à regulação do Tribunal do Santo Ofício ˗ configuraram-se como referências fundamentais para a compreensão da instituição. Nos domínios portugueses, esses textos passaram por quatro atualizações principais que acabaram por cobrir um período de mais de três séculos (1552, 1613, 1640 e 1774). Com contribuições significativas para a ordenação da sociedade, as versões de 1613 e 1640 tornaram-se as compilações mais detalhadas, resultado da crescente importância do documento e da sofisticação jurídica do Tribunal. As Ordenações do Reino de Portugal ˗ código de leis da justiça secular inspirado nos textos jurídicos romanos ˗ representaram, desde o reinado de D. Afonso V, a mais importante fonte de regras e normas que também ordenavam a sociedade lusa. Em especial, as Ordenações Filipinas, de 1603, seguindo suas antecessoras, transformaram-se no principal parâmetro organizador da justiça entre os coetâneos. Embora distintos em termos de jurisdição e alcance, como ponto em comum, os dois documentos apresentam elementos importantes ao entendimento da noção de ordem, aspecto típico do período e base da estruturação das hierarquias sociais portuguesas. Como resultado do exame realizado sobre as duas compilações de leis, o presente trabalho busca compreender as relações estabelecidas entre as justiças inquisitorial e secular em Portugal e seus domínios, com especial atenção aos mecanismos de funcionamento; à composição dos quadros dos tribunais e as qualidades exigidas; às regras de conduta estabelecidas e, principalmente, aos dispositivos manejados no esforço de manutenção da desigualdade natural que norteava a vida dos contemporâneos. A partir da análise do conjunto dessas documentações, da legislação extravagante e da narrativa de alguns casos exemplares, esse estudo pretende colaborar com a compreensão dos pontos de contato e afastamento que formavam as principais fontes de lei da Igreja e do Rei no mundo luso brasileiro dos seiscentos.
The Regiments of the Inquisition ˗ legislative sources for the regulation of the Holy Office ˗ was configured as basic references for understanding the institution. In the Portuguese dominions, these texts have undergone four major updates that cover a period of more than three centuries (1552, 1613, 1640 and 1774). With significant contributions to the ordering of society, the versions of 1613 and 1640 became the most comprehensive compilations, result of the growing importance of the document and legal sophistication of the Court. The Ordinances of the Kingdom of Portugal ˗ code of laws of secular justice inspired by the Roman legal texts ˗ represented, since the reign of King Afonso V, the most important source of rules and regulations that also ordered the Portuguese society. In particular, the Philippine Ordinances, enacted in 1603, following their predecessors, have become the main organizer parameter of justice among the coeval. Although different in terms of jurisdiction and scope, as a point in common, the two documents had important elements to the understanding of the notion of order, typical aspect of the period and base of the structure of the portuguese social hierarchies. As a result of the examination on the two compilations of laws, this study seeks to understand the relations between the inquisitorial and secular justice in Portugal and its fields, with particular attention to the operational mechanisms; the composition of the courts and the required qualities of their members; the established rules of conduct and especially the managed devices of the natural inequality maintenance effort that guided the lives of contemporaries. From the analysis of all these documentations, from the extravagant law and from the narrative of some exemplary cases, this study aims to contribute to the understanding of the points of contact and distance that formed the main sources of law of the Church and of the King in brazilian portuguese world in six hundred.

碩士
國立臺北科技大學
建築系建築與都市設計碩士班
106
Title: Spanish Colonial Ordinance and Spatial Management during the 16th-18th centuries: Urban Spatial Composition in Philippines as Example Pages: 163 School: National Taipei University of Technology Department: Graduate Institute of Architecture and Urban Design Time: January.2017 Degree: Master Researcher: Liao Xin-Quan Advisor: Wa Wei-Chou Ph.D. Keywords: España. Filiphinas. colonial. composition and Evolution From the 15th century on, Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, Britain and France started, one after another, their colonial expansion on the New World and spread out a series of colonization activities. On this distant and unknown archipelagic area, they were involved little by little in the indigenous society, carried out economic plunder and preach, extended their colonial territories, established the colonial regime of various forms and promulgated their own legislation. Before the arrival of the Spaniards, the Philippine Archipelago was still a primitive society where neither the state system nor the legal system were existed, only customs and norms from generation to generation were respected. During the Spanish colonial expansion, a number of decrees of protection and restriction for the Spanish settlements was formed by the colonial authority. For these colonists, this legislation was not only the primary basis for the colonial expansion and the important law for the protection of indigenous populations, but also the basic norm for the establishment of colonial cities. The main purpose of this study, hence, is to explore how these laws took effect upon these colonial cities’ urban spacial constitution. This paper is concerned with two major aspects: “the policy for the colonial laws’ enforcement” and “the colonial spacial constitution in the Philippines”. By reviewing and organizing the documents related directly to these aspects, it not only provides the theoretical support for this study but also helps to understand the research method in those documents, so as to establish the analytical basis for this research method. The first part of this paper describes the Spanish colonial system and its expansion in Asia during the Age of Discovery, trying to explain and figure out the reasons why the Philippines were chosen and why the "City of Manila" was selected to be the capital. The second part is about organizing, analyzing and inducing the regulations of the Spanish colonial laws, as well as the interrelationship of these regulations with the constitution of colonial urban space. The third part is to discuss and xstudy the spacial constitution of the "City of Manila", including space arrangement, location form, administration plan, related configurations, especially from the viewpoints of colonization method, administration reform, public works, defense facilities, industrial change, business development and religious thought during the Spanish period.