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Journal articles on the topic 'Philippine Writing'
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Arong, Marie Rose B. "Nick Joaquin’s Cándido’s Apocalypse: Re-imagining the Gothic in a Postcolonial Philippines." Text Matters, no. 6 (November 23, 2016): 114–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/texmat-2016-0007.
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Nick Joaquin, one of the Philippines’ pillars of literature in English, is regrettably known locally for his nostalgic take on the Hispanic aspect of Philippine culture. While Joaquin did spend a great deal of time creatively exploring the Philippines’ Hispanic past, he certainly did not do so simply because of nostalgia. As recent studies have shown, Joaquin’s classic techniques that often echo the Hispanic influence on Philippine culture may also be considered as a form of resistance against both the American neocolonial influence and the nativist brand of nationalism in the 1950s and 1960s. Despite the emergence of Gothic criticism in postcolonial writing, Joaquin’s works have rarely received the attention they deserve in this critical area.
In this context, this paper explores the idea of the Gothic in Joaquin’s writing and how it relates to Joaquin being the “most original voice in postcolonial Philippine writing.” In 1972, the University of Queensland Press featured Joaquin’s works in its Asian and Pacific writing series. This “new” collection, Tropical Gothic (1972), contained his significant early works published in Prose and Poems (1952) plus his novellas. This collection’s title highlights a specific aspect of Joaquin’s writing, that of his propensity to use Gothic tropes such as the blending of the real and the fantastic, or the tragic and the comic, as shown in most of the stories in the collection. In particular, I examine how his novella (Cándido’s Apocalypse) interrogates the neurosis of the nation—a disconnection from the past and its repercussions on the present/future of the Philippines.
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Juan, E. San. "Bakhtin and Philippine Writing in English." World Literature Today 71, no. 3 (1997): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40152833.
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Guillermo, Ramon G., and Myfel Joseph D. Paluga. "Barang king banga: A Visayan language reading of the Calatagan pot inscription (CPI)." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 42, no. 1 (January 14, 2011): 121–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463410000561.
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The Calatagan pot, with an inscription around its rim, is one of the very few existing archeological evidences of ancient writing in the Philippines. It was discovered in Calatagan, Batangas and bought by the Philippine National Museum in 1961. Having since eluded decipherment, the present paper proposes a strategy which combines traditional palaeographic techniques and cryptographic methods. By means of this procedure, a tentative decipherment of the inscription is proposed here. The preliminary results show that the inscription is some kind of ancient spell or charm written in a central Philippine language with a Javanese admixture.
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Santos, Hector. "Extinction of a Philippine script." South Pacific Journal of Psychology 10, no. 1 (1999): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0257543400000973.
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ABSTRACTThe Spanish colonizers found a writing system in place when they established a permanent settlement in Manila in 1571. They took advantage of the widespread literacy in this indigenous script, which had spread by then from Manila to most of Luzon and parts of the Visayas, to help convert the inhabitants to Christianity by publishing a catechism printed in the script. Yet within a century, the use of the script had almost vanished. This paper explores the factors that led to the loss of literacy in the indigenous writing system.
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Pino, Rodney, Renier Mendoza, and Rachelle Sambayan. "A Baybayin word recognition system." PeerJ Computer Science 7 (June 16, 2021): e596. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.596.
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Baybayin is a pre-Hispanic Philippine writing system used in Luzon island. With the effort in reintroducing the script, in 2018, the Committee on Basic Education and Culture of the Philippine Congress approved House Bill 1022 or the ”National Writing System Act,” which declares the Baybayin script as the Philippines’ national writing system. Since then, Baybayin OCR has become a field of research interest. Numerous works have proposed different techniques in recognizing Baybayin scripts. However, all those studies anchored on the classification and recognition at the character level. In this work, we propose an algorithm that provides the Latin transliteration of a Baybayin word in an image. The proposed system relies on a Baybayin character classifier generated using the Support Vector Machine (SVM). The method involves isolation of each Baybayin character, then classifying each character according to its equivalent syllable in Latin script, and finally concatenate each result to form the transliterated word. The system was tested using a novel dataset of Baybayin word images and achieved a competitive 97.9% recognition accuracy. Based on our review of the literature, this is the first work that recognizes Baybayin scripts at the word level. The proposed system can be used in automated transliterations of Baybayin texts transcribed in old books, tattoos, signage, graphic designs, and documents, among others.
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Caballero, Juvanni A., and Mark Anthony J. Torres. "The Bangsamoro Peace Process and Peacebuilding in Mindanao: Implications to Philippine Studies and National Development." Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 19, no. 3 (October 2016): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2016.19.3.29.
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This paper is all about how integral Mindanao is to the Philippines. As such, Mindanao studies should not only be at the periphery of Philippine studies. The recent developments in Mindanao should be enough reason for scholars to devote significant amount of their attention to the region. After all, the peace processes in Mindanao, both vertical and horizontal, have generated a constellation of issues and questions for them to delve and study. More critically, this paper interrogates the gaps in Mindanao and Philippine studies, arguing that scholars can contribute to the success of the peace processes not only by engaging in research but also by initiating extension activities with research components. Here, I will discuss, as an example, initiatives from the academe (e.g., the partnership on peacebuilding between the University of Hawaii and Mindanao State University, under the aegis of the United States Institute of Peace) that complements the vertical peace process.Finally, the paper is an invitation for scholars to help steer the boat of Philippine Studies towards the direction of peace-building by writing articles on Mindanao using a peace lens.
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VECALDO, Rudolf, Jay Emmanuel ASUNCION, and Mark ULLA. "From Writing to Presenting and Publishing Research Articles: Experiences of Philippine Education Faculty-Researchers*." Eurasian Journal of Educational Research 19, no. 81 (May 29, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2019.81.9.
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SERQUIÑA, OSCAR TANTOCO. "Documenting Theatrical and Performative Philippines: Possibilities of a Task and a Practice." Theatre Research International 44, no. 02 (July 2019): 196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883319000063.
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The writing of theatre history has been a challenging intellectual commitment in the Philippines. This mode of inquiry and inscription largely manifests more as a strand of general historiography than as a systematized and specialized critical practice in Philippine academe. No wonder, then, that Philippine theatre histories primarily come from academics whose disciplinary backgrounds are not solely in theatre arts per se but in a range of different but intersecting disciplines, such as film, literature, dance, anthropology, history and music. These historians have accounted for the medium's forms, geographies of production and performance, material aspects, lead practitioners, groups or organizations, and historical periods. They have thus far yielded a congeries of print materials: from the encyclopedia to the anthology or reader, the survey, up to the full-length book manuscript. More recently, theatre histories have also appeared in online catalogues or digital repositories.
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Martin, Isabel Pefianco. "Longfellow's legacy: education and the shaping of Philippine writing." World Englishes 23, no. 1 (February 2004): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-971x.2004.00339.x.
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Dimaculangan, Nimfa G., and Leah E. Gustilo. "Lexical Patterns in the Early 21st Century Philippine English Writing." Advanced Science Letters 23, no. 2 (February 1, 2017): 1094–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2017.7505.
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Encarnacion Tadem, Teresa S. "From the Author: Writing Philippine Politics and the Marcos Technocrats." Philippine Political Science Journal 41, no. 3 (April 22, 2021): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2165025x-12340035.
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Camacho, Drexel H. "Editor's Welcome." KIMIKA 24, no. 2 (July 1, 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26534/kimika.v24i2.1.
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Welcome to KIMIKA – the Journal of the Philippine Federation of Chemistry Societies.KIMIKA exists as an avenue for disseminating research outputs in the wide range of chemistry topics hoping to encourage a research culture among Filipinos.Dr. Klaus Jaffe and his group reported in a landmark study* that “productivity in basic sciences correlates to economic growth”. This “productivity in science” refers to the proportion of published research articles by the citizens of the country. Specifically, the research outputs in Chemistry, Materials Science and Physics, have been identified as better predictors of economic wealth and of Human Development Index compared to other popular indices. Although the study did not indicate direct causal chain between basic science and economic development, it does point to the need to strengthen the basic sciences compared to the applied fields to promote economic growth.For the Philippines to sustain its recent economic gains, we in the chemical sciences should be more active in doing research, publishing our works and developing an army of dedicated chemistry researchers. KIMIKA will be your partner in this endeavour.This issue of KIMIKA presents some of the outputs of the Chemistry Writing Workshop held on April 11-13, 2013 during the 28th Philippine Chemistry Congress. We are grateful to the generous support extended by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED), for the conduct of the writing workshop and for the sponsorship given to the writing fellows. We hope to see more young researchers from around the country publishing their work in KIMIKA.* K Jafe, et al. Productivity in Physical and Chemical Science Predicts the Future Economic Growth of Developing Countries Better than Other Popular Indices. PLOS One, 2013, Vol 8, Issue 6 pp. e66239
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Lacuna, Isa. "Atmosfera Rizaliana: Metonymic Journeys of Storm Tropes in José Rizal’s Writing on the Philippines." eTropic: electronic journal of studies in the Tropics 20, no. 2 (September 10, 2021): 180–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/etropic.20.2.2021.3806.
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Stormy weather appears in recurrent instances across the literary and political oeuvre of José Rizal, a nineteenth-century figure who is one of the most significant and well-known personages in Philippine history. This paper analyzes the manner by which he describes storms in a few of his personal and political works, and observes that there is a deployment of metonymic logic that undergirds not only the texts, but a variety of other movements across the nineteenth-century cultural, technological, and political landscape. The metonymic logic of storm tropes are, in this sense, not only a productive literary modality in understanding weather representations during the Philippine fin de siècle, but also become illustrative of political and historical developments during the period. Based on this overarching logic, the paper articulates the possibility of understanding global climate and climate change as a series of interconnected and associated postcolonial and ecocritical experiences that are able to figure the world at large through an alternative expansion. This paper also investigates previous critiques that categorize the Rizaliana’s weather as romantic, and interrogates the assumptions that are deployed in such categorizations – and what they might mean for Philippine postcolonial ecocriticism and its climate imaginaries.
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Gustilo, Leah, and Nimfa Dimaculangan. "Attitudes of Filipino English Teachers Toward 21st Century Philippine English Writing." Advanced Science Letters 24, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 8349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2018.12560.
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Gatcho, Al Ryanne, and Eduardo Teodoro Ramos. "Common Writing Problems and Writing Attitudes among Freshman University Students in Online Learning Environments: An Exploratory Study." Journal of Translation and Language Studies 1, no. 1 (November 14, 2020): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.48185/jtls.v1i1.6.
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This paper is an exploratory study on college freshmen’s writing problems in relation to their attitudes towards writing in online learning environments. The writing problems that were explored were the following, as identified by Yates and Kenkel (2002): a) Surface writing problems and b) Global writing problems. The problems were found in the essays of the participants. In conjunction with the writing problems that were identified, attitudes towards checking and revising one’s work, towards writing, and towards receiving feedback on one’s writing were also identified through the writing attitude scale adopted from Erkan and Saban (2011) and was re-worded to suit the Philippine college context. The results of the study revealed that the majority of the writing problems were surface problems, particularly those related to verbs, nouns, and prepositions. As for writing attitudes, the participants of the study generally manifested positive attitudes towards writing.
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Barber, Pauline Gardiner. "Cell phones, complicity, and class politics in the Philippine labor diaspora." Focaal 2008, no. 51 (June 1, 2008): 28–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2008.510104.
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This article addresses the politics of class, culture, and complicity associated with Philippine gendered-labor export. Several examples drawn from multisited ethnographic research explore two faces of class: migrant performances of subordination contrasted with militancy in the labor diaspora. With few exceptions, the literature on Philippine women in domestic service has emphasized disciplined subjectivities, the everyday dialectics of subordination. But class is also represented in these same relationships, understandings, and actions. Alternatively, the political expressions of Philippine overseas workers, and their supporters, is a feature of Philippine migration that is not often mentioned in writing concerned with migrant inequalities. This article proposes a reconciliation of these two faces of class expression by exploring how new media, primarily cell-phone technologies, enhance possibilities for organized and personal resistance by Filipino migrants, even as they facilitate migrant acquiescence, linked here to gendered subordination and class complicity, in the contentious reproduction of the migrant labor force.
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Forbes, Amy. "Courageous women in media: Marcos and censorship in the Philippines." Pacific Journalism Review 21, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v21i1.157.
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When Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos declared Martial Law in 1972, press freedom became the first casualty in the country that once boasted of being the ‘freest in Asia’. Printing presses, newspaper offices, television and radio stations were raided and padlocked. Marcos was especially fearful of the press and ordered the arrest of journalists whom he charged with conspiring with the ‘Left’. Pressured into lifting martial law after nearly 10 years, Marcos continued to censor the media, often demanding publishers to sack journalists whose writing he disapproved of. Ironically, he used the same ‘subversive writings’ as proof to Western observers that freedom of the press was alive and well under his dictatorship. This article looks at the writings of three female journalists from the Bulletin Today. The author examines the work of Arlene Babst, Ninez Cacho-Olivares, and Melinda de Jesus and how they traversed the dictator’s fickle, sometimes volatile, reception of their writing. Interviewed is Ninez Cacho-Olivare, who used humour and fairy tales in her popular column to criticise Marcos, his wife, Imelda, and even the military that would occasionally ‘invite’ her for questioning. She explains an unwritten code of conduct between Marcos and female journalists that served to shield them from total political repression.
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YAO, XINYUE, and PETER COLLINS. "Exploring grammatical colloquialisation in non-native English: a case study of Philippine English." English Language and Linguistics 22, no. 3 (February 20, 2017): 457–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674316000599.
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Colloquialisation, a process by which ‘writing becomes more like speech’, has been identified as a powerful discourse-pragmatic mechanism driving grammatical change in native English varieties. The extent to which colloquialisation is a factor in change in non-native varieties has seldom been explored. This article reports the findings of a corpus-based study of colloquialisation in Philippine English (PhilE), alongside its ‘parent variety’, American English (AmE). Adopting a bottom-up approach, a comprehensive measure was derived to determine the degree to which a text prefers grammatical features typical of speech and disprefers those typical of writing. This measure was then used to compare and contrast texts in a parallel, multi-register corpus of PhilE and AmE sampled for the 1960s and 1990s. Evidence for colloquialisation was found to vary across registers. While Philippine press editorials and American fiction show a clear colloquialising tendency, learned writing does not show remarkable changes irrespective of variety. The evolution of PhilE registers cannot be explained by a simple process involving emulation of AmE. The patterns uncovered reflect the uniqueness of the sociohistorical circumstances in which PhilE has evolved.
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Barriga, Maria Cynthia B. "Reorienting Japanese Studies with Views from the Nan’yō." New Voices in Japanese Studies 13 (September 2021): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21159/nvjs.13.d-01.
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This paper describes how Japanese studies can expand its relevance, approached from my perspective as a Philippine postcolonial historian. In the course of my research on the Japanese locals of Davao and Guam, Japanese studies has been essential. Japanese imperial history has provided me with a regional perspective that transcends the limits of Philippine national historiography and has given me access to source materials about the localities under study. As I became invested in Japanese studies, I realised that Philippine historiography has much to contribute back. A Philippine perspective can question the limits of the concept of who is Japanese, particularly in the case of Filipino-Japanese and CHamoru-Japanese mestizos. Moreover, Japanese historiography, which is still in many cases limited to the archives, may source alternative approaches or methodologies from its Philippine postcolonial counterpart, which has for decades been experimenting with methods of writing more inclusive national histories. More broadly, by conversing with specialists of areas with which Japan has been historically connected, I suggest that Japan scholars can not only extend Japanese studies’ relevance beyond its own field but also infuse it with new ideas and approaches.
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Esman, Esterline Nograles, Dennis V. Madrigal, and Chona G. Mascuňana. "Social Media Exposure and English Writing Proficiency of Grade 11 Students in a Philippine Public High School." Technium Social Sciences Journal 20 (June 8, 2021): 212–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v20i1.3001.
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Social media has become a vital part of people's daily communication activities in all walks of life and had globalized its use, especially to learners. Learners' propensity to social media has come to increasing involvement in the internet cafes. Since its medium of instruction is mainly English, it influences learners' English communication skills, especially in writing. The paper examined the relationship between the extent of exposure to social media and the English writing proficiency of Grade 11 students in a Philippine public senior high school. Using the descriptive research design, data were collected using the self-administered survey questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results reveal that the respondents demonstrated an average extent of exposure to social media when grouped according to their demographic profiles and an internet connection and were average in their English writing proficiency level. The results also established a slight positive significant relationship between exposure to social media and English writing proficiency. Generally, the paper validates how social media exposure influences English writing proficiency as intervened by the academic language education.
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Asedillo, Lisa. "The Theology of Struggle." Indonesian Journal of Theology 9, no. 1 (August 12, 2021): 62–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.46567/ijt.v9i1.187.
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This article explores writing and scholarship on the theology of struggle developed by Protestants and Catholics in the Philippines during the 1970s-90s. Its focus is on popular writing—including pamphlets, liturgical resources, newsletters, magazines, newspaper articles, conference briefings, songs, popular education and workshop modules, and recorded talks—as well as scholarly arguments that articulate the biblical, theological, and ethical components of the theology of struggle as understood by Christians who were immersed in Philippine people’s movements for sovereignty and democracy. These materials were produced by Christians who were directly involved in the everyday struggles of the poor. At the same time, the theology of struggle also projects a “sacramental” vision and collective commitment towards a new social order where the suffering of the masses is met with eschatological, proleptic justice—the new heaven and the new earth, where old things have passed away and the new creation has come. It is within the struggle against those who deal unjustly that spirituality becomes a “sacrament”—a point and a place in time where God is encountered and where God’s redeeming love and grace for the world is experienced.
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A. Daday, Mark Jovic. "Recognition of Baybayin Symbols (Ancient Pre-Colonial Philippine Writing System) using Image Processing." International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering 9, no. 1 (February 15, 2020): 594–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30534/ijatcse/2020/83912020.
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Roxas, Mark Joshua. "Move Analysis of Senior High School Research Abstracts in a Philippine University." International Journal of Linguistics and Translation Studies 1, no. 2 (July 23, 2020): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36892/ijlts.v1i2.26.
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A well-written abstract speaks for the paper’s quality—it reflects an article’s value. Research is a relatively new discipline for senior high school learners, thus, the writing of an abstract can be problematic and challenging. Anchored on Hyland’s model of research article abstracts as adapted by Behnam and Golpour (2014), this paper presents a move analysis of thirty (30) randomly-selected research abstracts of Grade 12 senior high school students in a Philippine University. The results revealed the three (3) dominant moves in the corpus of research abstracts namely Introduction-Purpose-Method-Product, Introduction-Purpose-Method-Product-Conclusion, and Introduction-Product-Method. It was also noted that the “Conclusion” move is less frequently observed and considered “optional”. Additionally, instances of move embedding were prominent between the Purpose and Method move. It was recommended that research instructors in the senior high school shall consider using models in teaching the writing of the abstract. The findings of this study may serve as a basis in crafting a genre-based research syllabus, with genre-based tasks.
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Calma, Angelito. "Challenges in preparing academic staff for research training and supervision." International Journal of Educational Management 28, no. 6 (August 5, 2014): 705–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-06-2013-0092.
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Purpose – Little attention has been given to the preparedness of academic staff for their role as research trainers or supervisors. In addition, limited work has been done on this topic in developing countries such as the Philippines. The Philippines is an important case, as it is a national priority to develop university research and improve research training practices, and there is a graduate skill deficit (in terms of critical thinking, academic writing, and data analysis skills). The purpose of this paper is to identify the challenges confronting the government and universities that relate to academic staff development, research supervision, and staff and student support, involving 53 government and university executives and academics from the Philippines. Design/methodology/approach – The survey involved the participation of selected government and university executives, including the zonal research centre directors, via interviews; and survey of academic staff via a questionnaire. Findings – Results indicate that the most critical challenges for government and universities in the Philippines relate to effectively meeting the dual demands of teaching and research, building a critical mass of researchers, and developing excellent research skills and competences among staff and students. Originality/value – The paper is the first to study research training and supervision in Philippine universities, providing a case for the Philippines internationally, which is less featured in research.
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Astrero, Emily T., and Joel M. Torres. "CAPTURING THE FRAMES OF NEWS STORY LEADS IN PHILIPPINE DAILIES: A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS." Studies in Pragmatics and Discourse Analysis 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.48185/spda.v1i1.87.
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Using 31 news leads found in news articles published in Philippines newspapers – three broadsheets and one tabloid – the present study describes the news leads’ organizational structure and identifies the shared cultural context evoked by the news leads. The analysis of the news discourse employed Bhatia’s (1993) genre analysis focusing on communicative purpose, and Simpson’s (2000) physical structure analysis. The study revealed that the genre of journalism, specifically the 31 news leads, fulfilled its main communicative purpose - which is to convey information - through Direct, Summary, or Conventional lead. The leads are characterized by brevity and directness with adherence to the ideal length consisting of 35-word limit in both broadsheet newspaper and tabloid newspaper. The result implied that writing pattern or written discourse is influenced by the culture of specific genre. The result manifested that Filipinos are capable of adaptation to rules in a particular genre. The study served as an avenue in finding out the conclusion that digressiveness, which is a characteristic of writings of Oriental writers, is not always evident in the discourse of newspaper compositions of Filipino writers. This study maybe helpful to researchers who wish to analyze culture through discourse analysis using a specific genre.
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Dadia, Vac Ann C. "Writing as Witnessing, Poetry as Agency of Aid: The Five Poems from Typhoon Yolanda Relief Anthologies." Jurnal Poetika 8, no. 2 (December 26, 2020): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/poetika.v8i2.59485.
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The strong typhoon Yolanda (international name: Haiyan), which buffeted the central Philippine region on November 2013 spurred the publication of several relief anthologies, so-called because they were primarily intended to raise funds for the disaster victims. This paper argues that as a distinct method of volunteerism, the poems that comprise the Yolanda relief anthologies are ecopoems which not only bear intrinsic ecological themes that confront an environment in crisis but also embody what Filipino poet Luisa A. Igloria describes as a "work of witness and deep engagement" in a time of climate and humanitarian crisis. In analyzing the five poems from two Yolanda relief anthologies, namely, Agam: Filipino Narratives on Uncertainty and Climate Change and Verses Typhoon Yolanda: A Storm of Filipino Poets, this paper utilizes the theories developed by the Filipino poets who are themselves contributors to these relief anthologies, specifically on how poetry is an act of witnessing and functions as an agency of symbolic aid. The findings contribute to the discourse on ethical literature and thus suggest that the existing brand of Philippine ecopoetry allows for poems that articulate empathic and hopeful agency towards climate-related disaster survivors.
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Hartwell, Ernest Rafael. "Bad English and Fresh Spaniards: Translation and Authority in Philippine and Cuban Travel Writing." UNITAS 92, no. 1 (May 4, 2019): 43–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31944/20199201.03.
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Ayunon, Chirbet Cariño, and Lysel Ildefonso Haloc. "How far have we gone? Integration of intercultural language learning principles in Philippine ESL classrooms." Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn) 15, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v15i1.20056.
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Intercultural education is firmly rooted on the notion that language and culture are intrinsically linked. Several studies have looked into the importance of understanding different languages and cultures in language teaching; however, studies on the integration of principles intercultural language learning (IcLL) in Philippine ESL classrooms seem to be lacking. This is what the article addresses as it looked into the extent of integration of IcLL principles in two higher educational institution in Region 2, Cagayan Valley, Northern Philippines. Anchored on the principles of IcLL and through the employment of survey to elicit responses of the language teachers as to the integration of IcLL principles in language classrooms, results revealed that teachers perceive IcLL to be integrated in their classrooms to a great extent. Specifically, the principles of active construction and social interaction are integrated to a very high extent while the principles making connections, reflection, and responsibility were perceived to be integrated to a high extent. As regards classroom activities, the teachers favored the employment of discussions, lectures, writing tasks, oral reports, role plays, small group tasks, simulations or skits and collaborative learning activities in transmitting the target culture.
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Prastikawati, Entika Fani, Beny Arum Setianingsih, and Wiyaka. "SENTENCE FRAGMENTS IN SEA TEACHER BLOG WRITING IN ST. PAUL UNIVERSITY SURIGAO, PHILIPPINES." Wiralodra English Journal 4, no. 2 (October 3, 2020): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31943/wej.v4i2.94.
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This study aimed to identify fragments found on online diaries of 6th batch SEA Teacher blog writing in St. Paul University Surigao, Philippine, and to describe the problems faced by 6th batch SEA Teacher participants in writing online diaries. The research design of this study was descriptive qualitative. For collecting data, the researchers used non-interactive techniques by analyzing ten formal online diaries and distributing the questionnaire. The researchers employed three steps for analyzing the data, namely data reduction, data display, and drawing some conclusions. The researchers analyzed ten formal online diaries, the researcher found fragments on seven formal online diaries. The most significant fragment realized was missing verbs (56.52%) followed by missing subject (30.43%), added detail fragment (8.70%), and –ing fragment (4.34%). Whereas, the highest problem faced by 6th batch SEA Teacher participants in writing online diaries was lack of grammar knowledge, time limitation, limited reference, and different language used.
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Pauwels, Anne, and Joanne Winter. "Generic pronouns and gender-inclusive language reform in the English of Singapore and the Philippines." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 27, no. 2 (January 1, 2004): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.27.2.04pau.
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Abstract The concurrent trends of globalisation and ‘indigenisation’ affecting the English language (varieties) around the world pose some interesting questions for language planning and reform issues (e.g. Phillipson, 1992; Pennycook, 1994; Crystal, 1997). With this project we examine the impact of these competing trends on corpus planning relating to gender-inclusive language use in the Englishes of Singapore and the Philippines, categorised as ‘outer-circle’ Englishes by Kachru (1992,1997). In this paper we present some findings on aspects of gender-inclusive language reform based on an analysis of the student and academic texts in the Singapore and Philippine components of the International Corpus of English [ICE]1. Education, particularly higher education, has been identified as a leading site of contact with and trajectories of change for gender-inclusive language reform. We focus in particular on one of the main features of gender-inclusive language reform: generic pronouns. The results of the ICE corpus analysis suggest that adoption of gender-inclusive and gender-neutral generic pronouns is not yet profiled in these ‘outer-circle’ Englishes. Generic he remains the pervasive generic pronoun in the student and published academic writing in the Singapore English corpus. The Philippines data reveal a similar trend although there is some emergence of s/he forms as the preferred gender-inclusive alternative.
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Casanova, Venessa Sualog. "Predictors of Graduate Students’ Research Performance in the Philippine State-Run Higher Education Institution." Journal of Education and Learning 10, no. 5 (August 30, 2021): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jel.v10n5p170.
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This descriptive study determined the predictors of research performance of the graduate students in Occidental Mindoro State College, San Jose, Occidental Mindoro, Philippines. This research specifically looked into the graduate students’ level of research performance, attitude towards research, challenges encountered, and the strategies employed to cope with the research challenges. A total of 41 completely enumerated students enrolled in Methods of Research and Thesis Writing during the second semester of Academic Year 2018-2019 served as respondents of the study.
The study found that the graduate students’ level of research performance is high, specifically in writing the statement of the problem, hypothesis, significance of the study, and definition of terms. They have a positive attitude towards research in terms of usefulness and predispositions. They have negative research anxiety. Challenges encountered include insufficient funds, developing interest, inability to select researchable topics, and limited related literature. Coping strategies employed were frequent consultations with the adviser, seeking help from other competent faculty and students, using technology, and giving material appreciation. Attitude and challenges encountered were found to be predictors of the graduate student’s research performance. A positive attitude towards research and the moderate challenges encountered could affect the graduate student’s research performance.
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Knowlton,, E. C., and E. San Juan. "Toward a People's Literature: Essays in the Dialectics of Praxis and Contradiction in Philippine Writing." World Literature Today 59, no. 4 (1985): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40142182.
Full text
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Lapeña, José Florencio F. "Supporting Scholarly Writing Skills and Standards: Promotion and Priority." Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 27, no. 2 (December 3, 2012): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v27i2.515.
Full textAbstract:
“I’m deep inside a funny mood again,
like to brood again, if I could again
I feel like walking on a cloud again,
think aloud again, write and then...”1
The “Kuala Lumpur Declaration on Promotion of Scholarly Writing Skills and Standards in the Asia Pacific Region” was launched at the 2012 Convention of the Asia Pacific Association of Medical Journal Editors (APAME) held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from 31 August to 3 September 2012.2 Considering the importance of “scholarly, scientific and technical health information” as an “invaluable resource” for “universal health promotion and policy development;” the necessity that this health information be “reliable, comprehensible and available” to the region and the world; the reality that the Asia Pacific region represents over half of the world population that both “generate(s) and need(s) an enormous amount of health information;” and that the Asia Pacific Association of Medical Journal Editors (APAME) “is an important catalyst for the promotion of scholarly writing skills and standards” that will “increase the reliability, comprehensibility and availability” of such vital health information; participants confirmed their commitment to “promoting scholarly writing skills and standards;” to the “continuing education of researchers, authors, reviewers and editors;” and to “collaboration with academic societies, universities, government and non-government organizations” in order to “ensure greater access to publication;” “empower them to write, review and edit;” and “promote research and publication” thereby “elevating loco-regional research and publishing to the global arena;” “promoting health and well-being in the region and the world;” and the “betterment of health and societal development in the region and globally.”2
The promotion of scholarly writing skills and standards presupposes giving them preference, precedence or priority (1: the quality or state of being prior; 2: precedence 3: superiority in rank, position, or privilege; 4: a preferential rating; especially: one that allocates rights to goods and services usually in limited supply; 5: something given or meriting attention before competing alternatives).3 Without prioritization, promotion is mere lip service. Promotion (the act of furthering the growth or development of something; especially: the furtherance of the acceptance and sale of merchandise through advertising, publicity, or discounting)4 in publishing entails concrete and sustained measures to ensure the growth and development of individual and collective researchers, authors, reviewers and editors, as well as librarians and ultimately, our readers.
The Introductory Medical Writing Skills Workshop co-hosted by the Philippine Society of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery on November 17, 2012 embodies “our commitment to the continuing education of researchers, authors, reviewers and editors, to empower them to write, review and edit scholarly manuscripts for publication and dissemination, thereby promoting health and well-being in the region and the world.”2 This workshop begins the formal introduction of Fellows, Diplomates and Resident Physicians to “scholarly writing skills and standards, in order to set the example for our peers, authors, reviewers, editors and librarians.”2
We are conducting or have conducted similar workshops in Manila, Davao, Cebu, Baguio and Iloilo as well as in Singapore, Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, India, Vietnam and Cambodia. Ultimately, this workshop will help the Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery attain “increasing scholarly quality worthy of continued production and dissemination.”2
I was especially gratified to recently learn from a colleague that a 2009 article published in our journal had generated an inquiry from a potential patient in Australia, who was in search of a therapeutic solution for his problem. It is this same visibility that generates submissions from various countries, which to date includes Malaysia, India, Brunei Darussalam, Japan, New Zealand, Turkey and the United States of America. As we continue to grow and nurture our international pool of authors, reviewers and editors, may we likewise harvest more and more local talent for the various roles that make up our journal.
I am very happy to announce that the Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery is now also indexed on the Asia Pacific Medical Journal Articles Central Archives (APAMED Central) available at http://apamedcentral.org/ a digital archive and reference linking platform of journals published in Member States of the WHO Western Pacific Region and Southeast Asian Region, supported by the World Health Organization and powered by KoreaMed Synapse. This additional archive ensures our increasing presence to the rest of the world, promoting greater visibility of our published research.
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Nery, Robert. "The Hero Takes a Walk: Two excerpts from a memoir on growing up in the Philippines in the sixties." Thesis Eleven 145, no. 1 (April 2018): 120–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513618766441.
Full textAbstract:
The Hero Takes a Walk is a philosophical memoir of a Philippine childhood and teenage years in the sixties and the first few years of the seventies. Two chapter extracts are presented here: the first on Beatlemania and what it meant to Filipinos, a cosmopolitanism they desired and sought to practice; the second, on the reception of Marxism in the Maoist version promulgated under the influence of Jose Maria Sison. The first raises its central question while telling the story of the Beatles’ visit in 1966, when they were chased out of the country, an account drawing on neglected local reports. The second remembers how Marxism-Maoism, like any theory, was interpreted against the background of pre-existing belief – in this case, Philippine Catholicism. In his memoir, the author looks back critically on the intellectual movements that deeply affected him, on certain books and writing and his reception of the films and popular music of the time. The Hero Takes a Walk diverges at various points into literary criticism and history, before coming to an end in present-day Greater Manila.
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De Guzman, Florecita. "Editor's Welcome." KIMIKA 24, no. 1 (January 29, 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26534/kimika.v24i1.1.
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Warmest welcome to our dear colleagues!We reintroduce you to KIMIKA, the Philippine journal for the chemical sciences. KIMIKA has taken a new look, and has reworked its focus to better reflect the research, industrial and academic efforts of chemistry practitioners in the country. We have expanded KIMIKA’s scope to include papers dealing with primary research results, scientific reviews, rapid communications, innovations in teaching, technical commentaries, instructional materials, novel laboratory experiments, industry trends, and policy papers. In succeeding issues, we also plan to have a section that features outstanding undergraduate research efforts.KIMIKA is now published by the Philippine Federation of Chemical Societies, and we hope that our expanded coverage will draw a wider base of readers and contributors of publishable material. To save printing costs and better manage our financial limitations, we have done away with paper copies and have adopted the open source, on-line format. A happy consequence of this is that submissions can be emailed anytime. Papers received will be subjected to peer review, and if accepted, will be copy-edited and uploaded immediately for on-line publication.We invite you to publish your work in KIMIKA. Rest assured that all papers published in KIMIKA are subjected to a peer review process that ensures the quality of published work.May we also take this opportunity to invite you to our workshop on scientific writing during the 28th Philippine Chemistry Congress in 2013?
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Smiley, Will. "Lawless Wars of Empire? The International Law of War in the Philippines, 1898–1903." Law and History Review 36, no. 3 (June 13, 2018): 511–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248017000682.
Full textAbstract:
Writing for his fellow military officers in early 1903, United States Army Major C.J. Crane reflected on the recent Philippine–American War. The bloody struggle to suppress an insurgency in the Philippines after the United States had annexed them from Spain in 1899 had officially concluded the previous July. The war had been accompanied by fierce racist sentiments among Americans, and in keeping with these, Crane described his foes as “the most treacherous people in the world.” But Crane's discussion drew as much on concepts of law as it did on race. The average American officer, Crane argued, had “remembered all the time that he was struggling with an enemy who was not entitled to the privileges usually granted prisoners of war,” and could be summarily executed, without benefit of “court-martial or other regular tribunal.” If anything, the Americans had been too generous. “Many [American] participants in the struggle,” he maintained, “have failed to fully understand that we were practically fighting an Asiatic nation in arms and almost every man a soldier in disguise and a violator” of the laws of war. But what did those laws mean to the United States during the conflict, and what does this indicate about the broader history of international law's relationship to empire?
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Ballesteros-Lintao, Rachelle. "Investigating the Evaluative Language in Philippine and Chinese News Reports on the South China Sea Disputes." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 9, no. 6 (December 28, 2018): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.9n.6p.66.
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This study examined a cross-cultural perspective on how the top popular press in the Philippines and China portray an evaluative stance as regards the current South China Sea tensions. It set out to reveal the news writers’ positions through examining Martin and White’s (2005) appraisal framework particularly the attitude category. The analysis of the media reports from the two countries culled from a three-year period (January 2013-December 2016) focused on how the news writers construed their attitudinal judgment and positions. Findings reveal that the high occurrences of appreciation resources in both corpora provide subtle or indirect expressions of behavioral judgment in the course of journalistic writing where conventions relating to objectivity are necessary. Even if dominated by appreciation evaluative language that construes value of phenomenon relating to aspects of the disputes, affect (manifesting emotions) and judgment (relating to behavior) evaluative resources are employed to reflect or represent the socio-cultural and political contexts, government policy and even capture the local sentiment in which the news reports are written. As regards the difference between the two, the Chinese news reports lean towards a more diplomatic stance through the noteworthy use of evaluative affect and appreciation resources that underscore enhancement of relationship, partnership and accord while the Philippine news reports are more inclined to express implied negative subjective attitudinal stance on the issue. This paper set out the significance of language in framing positions, sentiments, opinions and policies in which meanings are construed in news reports. Examining media discourse from the lens of the appraisal system or evaluative language underscores how subjectivity occurs where beliefs, notions and values in a society are generated.
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Pino, Rodney, Renier Mendoza, and Rachelle Sambayan. "Optical character recognition system for Baybayin scripts using support vector machine." PeerJ Computer Science 7 (February 15, 2021): e360. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.360.
Full textAbstract:
In 2018, the Philippine Congress signed House Bill 1022 declaring the Baybayin script as the Philippines’ national writing system. In this regard, it is highly probable that the Baybayin and Latin scripts would appear in a single document. In this work, we propose a system that discriminates the characters of both scripts. The proposed system considers the normalization of an individual character to identify if it belongs to Baybayin or Latin script and further classify them as to what unit they represent. This gives us four classification problems, namely: (1) Baybayin and Latin script recognition, (2) Baybayin character classification, (3) Latin character classification, and (4) Baybayin diacritical marks classification. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that makes use of Support Vector Machine (SVM) for Baybayin script recognition. This work also provides a new dataset for Baybayin, its diacritics, and Latin characters. Classification problems (1) and (4) use binary SVM while (2) and (3) apply the multiclass SVM classification. On average, our numerical experiments yield satisfactory results: (1) has 98.5% accuracy, 98.5% precision, 98.49% recall, and 98.5% F1 Score; (2) has 96.51% accuracy, 95.62% precision, 95.61% recall, and 95.62% F1 Score; (3) has 95.8% accuracy, 95.85% precision, 95.8% recall, and 95.83% F1 Score; and (4) has 100% accuracy, 100% precision, 100% recall, and 100% F1 Score.
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Salazar, Zeus A. "The Pantayo Perspective as a Discourse Towards Kabihasnan." Asian Journal of Social Science 28, no. 1 (2000): 123–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/030382400x00190.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe pantayo perspective was developed from my analysis of the fundamental historical perspectives that arose in the process of Philippine nationhood. The essence of this perspective was already an important basis of my course in historiography from the early 1970s, in which the methodology, philosophy and techniques of writing history were studied. The core of the pantayo perspective lies in the internal interrelationships and the inter-relating of the characteristics, values, knowledges, aims, customs, behaviours and experiences of a cultural whole. It refers to a "mentality" that a foreigner who has not yet entered a society and culture possessed of a pantayo perspective will find difficult to understand. It is this pantayo perspective that forms the basis of the P/Filipinizatian of the sciences.
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Lapeña, José Florencio F. "Impact, Not Just Impact Factor: Responding to the Manila Declaration on the Availability and Use of Health Research Information." Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 30, no. 2 (December 2, 2015): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v30i2.331.
Full textAbstract:
The journal impact factor is defined as “the average number of times (citable) articles from the journal published in the past two years have been cited in the JCR (journal citation report) year.”1 An impact factor of 1.5 means that on average, articles published 1-2 years ago have been cited one and a half times in journals included in the Web of Science. The impact factor has been used, misused and abused to rank journals within a discipline (and by inference, rank authors who are published in these journals), to evaluate the scholarly worth of a journal (and by extension, the worth of articles published in it), to decide institutional journal subscriptions, and to guide authors in choosing where to aim to submit articles to. But as has been eloquently pointed out by Amit Joshi2 the impact factor of a journal is not the same as its impact, or the impact of individual journal articles: A high impact factor journal may have zero impact in a remote Pacific island, just as a low impact (or no impact factor journal) may have very high impact in the country where it is read. More importantly, an article may achieve awesome impact, even if it is published in a low (or no) impact factor journal.
“To achieve real impact, and not just impact factor,” the “Manila Declaration on the Availability and Use of Health Research Information in and for Low- and Middle-income Countries in the Asia Pacific Region” was launched at the 2015 Convention of the Asia Pacific Association of Medical Journal Editors (APAME 2015) held in Manila from 24 to 26 August 2015 in conjunction with the COHRED Global Forum on Research and Innovation for Health (FORUM 2015). It is concurrently published by Journals linked to APAME and listed in the Index Medicus of the South East Asia Region (IMSEAR) and the Western Pacific Region Index Medicus (WPRIM), and is published as a Special Announcement in this issue.3 It is also available online at http://www.wpro.who.int/entity/apame/publications/en/ at http://www.hifa2015.org/wp-content/uploads/Manila_Declaration_2015_FINAL_August_242.pdf and at http://www.equator-network.org/2015/08/28/the-manila-declaration/
The APAME 2015 convention in Manila was a meaningful and a memorable experience for the 500 editors, reviewers, authors, researchers, clinicians, scientists, students, librarians and publishers who joined us from all over the Philippines and around the world. Our participation in the New Leaders for Health Pre-Forum at the Philippine International Convention Center on August 22, our General Assembly and Joint Meeting with the Western Pacific Region Index Medicus and Index Medicus of the South East Asia Regions at the WHO Western Pacific Region Office on August 24, the Conjoint Sessions with the COHRED Global Forum on Research and Innovation for Health at the PICC from August 24-27 (broadcast on CNN Philippines), the APAME 2015 Convention at the Sofitel Philippine Plaza Hotel on August 25-26 (culminating in a HIFA Tweetchat), and 8th National Medical Writing Workshop and 1st Writeshop for Young Researchers at the Sofitel Philippine Plaza Hotel from August 27-28, comprised scientific sessions, workshops, discussions, special events and socials that were exemplary and inspiring.
Through the Manila Declaration launched at the APAME 2015, we committed “ourselves and our journals to publishing innovative and solution-focused research in all healthcare and related fields … particularly health research applicable to low- and middle-income countries;” and committed “ourselves and our publishers to disseminating scientific, healthcare and medical knowledge fairly and impartially by developing and using … indices … databases … and open data systems.”3
Thus the response of the Philipp J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg “to explore new paradigms, trends and innovations, especially with regard the social media… and “to consider the transition to a full open access model and adopting Creative Commons licenses.”4 With this issue, we begin that transition, by aligning our journal with the requirements for indexing in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), “an online directory that indexes and provides access to high quality, open access, peer-reviewed journals.”5 An important part of this transition involves replacing the copyright transfer the Philippine Society of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery requires of all authors published in our journal, with a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) or related license.6
We are also activating our Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn pages, and encourage published authors, reviewers, editors and readers to “like,” “tweet,” and comment on our published material and the discussions, blogs and microblogs that will arise from these. To this end, we will initiate the practice of posting “laymanized abstracts” of published scientific material on our social media sites, by requesting authors of articles accepted for publication to submit such abstracts.
Meanwhile, we urgently need to improve our competencies in research, medical writing, and peer review – and this applies to young residents and senior consultants alike. While the quantity of manuscripts submitted to the journal has increased exponentially, the quality of these manuscripts leave much to be desired, as evinced by our tedious and thankless review and editing process. It is ironic that we are invited to speak on and conduct post-graduate courses and workshops in research, medical writing, peer review and editing by many other societies, colleges, academies, institutions, organizations and ministries around the country and abroad, but hardly within our very own Philippine Society of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. Be that as it may, our Fellows, Diplomates and Residents need regular medical writing and review workshops in order to improve the quality and impact of our journal articles, and consequently improve the impact of our journal. To this end, we all need to leave our comfort zones and welcome change.
Pace Heraclitus, “no man steps in the same river twice, for it’s not the same river and he’s not the same man,” because “Παντα Ρει (Panta Rei)—All is Change.”7 These transitions will not come easily, nor will they happen overnight. But they are imperative if we are to uphold our commitment “to achieve real impact, and not just impact factor, as we advance free and open access to health information and publication that improves global health-related quality of life.”3
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Jugo, Rhodora R. "Language Anxiety in Focus: The Case of Filipino Undergraduate Teacher Education Learners." Education Research International 2020 (June 29, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7049837.
Full textAbstract:
This study has focused on determining the level, sources, and causes of foreign language anxiety of students taking up teacher education courses in the Philippines and how language anxiety affects the English proficiency of the respondents and their language learning. A total of 242 learners from a Philippine-based learning institution answered an English proficiency exam (EPE) and a questionnaire comprising two parts: a 30-item English Language Anxiety Scale (ELAS) and a set of questions on causes of anxiety and effects on language learning. Means, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage were calculated and used to characterize language anxiety level, sources, and causes. Correlation and regression analyses of the language anxiety variables and English proficiency of the respondents were then conducted. Follow-up interviews were also done for selected respondents in order to understand the nature and mechanism of the investigated relationships. The results confirmed that the speaking activity, error correction, and communicating with English speakers are sources of high anxiety of the Filipino learners, while the writing activity, negative self-perception, and noncomprehension are sources of moderate anxiety. All of the sources of anxiety were shown to have a significant negative relationship with second language anxiety, and simple regression analysis revealed that foreign language anxiety is a significant predictor of English proficiency. However, further analysis of the specific sources of anxiety using multiple regression analysis identified speaking activities anxiety as the only significant predictor of English proficiency.
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Lapeña, José Florencio F. "Publish, Don’t Perish: Research and Publication for Otolaryngologists." Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 29, no. 2 (December 2, 2014): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v29i2.407.
Full textAbstract:
“Research, no matter how ‘good’, is incomplete, until it has been published.”1
In my opinion, otolaryngology residents, fellows and consultants do not lack in research or scholarly capability. However, “the proof of the pudding is (indeed) in the eating,” and scholarly societies are recognized not so much for what goes on within their hallowed halls, but for what are made public outside those walls. Indeed, “publishing” means to make something public.2 And though we may not lack in research, we certainly still lag in publication.
I would therefore not be amiss in address the need for PSOHNS fellows, diplomates and trainees to publish, in electronic or hard-copy, in print or other media, including the social media. Because of my background, much of my reflections will deal with writing—but by no means do I mean to limit publication to that of the written word. Why write and publish?
“Start Where You Are: Taking Your Place in the History of Scholarship”2
“Similar to others who write (historians and poets), scientists and those involved in research need to write … to leave behind a documented legacy of their accomplishments.”1 Whatever we discover or unearth in the laboratory, clinic or in the field; whether from samples, specimens, subjects, patients or participants; utilizing theoretical or applied instruments, materials and methods; simply “did not happen” unless it is documented and disseminated. In Filipino,“kung hindi nakasulat, hindi nangyari.” How often do we hear comments like “naisip ko na iyan,” or “na-presenta ko na iyan” or even “sinulat ko na iyan” at a scientific meeting where a speaker presents a study. The sad fact of the matter is that many of these colleagues may indeed have had similar thoughts, or delivered previous oral presentations, or even written reports. But because none of these had been properly published, they remain inaccessible to subsequent scholars, and are therefore neither cited nor acknowledged.
“While ‘doing’ the research is important, ‘writing’ about why and how it was done, what was found, and what it means is far more important as it serves as a permanent record of scientific work that has been completed and accepted by peers.”1 And writing and publishing are an entirely different ball game from researching alone. Publication, or “making ideas public,” allows “scholars (to) provide each other with the opportunity to build on each other’s contributions, create dialogue (sometimes heated) with one another and join the documented and ongoing history of their field.”2 It is by participating in this “documented and ongoing history” of whatever field we may be in, that we and our specialty society gain international recognition and become internationally competitive.
Taking your place in the history of scholarship starts where you are, as an author. Publication involves communication between the author and his or her audience via the written article.3 Unlike public speakers or performing artists, the author’s interaction with the audience is limited by the written and published work. Hence, “a successful researcher is usually a good communicator who has the ability to maximize the transmission of research findings to his or her chosen audience.”1
Setting the Stage: Advantages of Writing and Publication
A few may write “for the pleasure derived from the creative activity of writing and intellectual sharing, and the desire to advance knowledge and benefit mankind” and for these individuals, “writing may act as a channel for expressing the joy of scientific discovery, and may even be regarded as a leisurely pursuit.”1 An historical article on Jose Rizal4 that I researched for a year and a half before the occasion of his 150th anniversary and another on the evolution of indirect laryngoscopy5 that I researched for two years are personal examples of these. For most everyone else, there are career, professional, institutional and practical advantages that can be gained from writing and publication.6
As far as career benefits are concerned, “getting published in prestigious, scholarly journals may have the most direct bearing on your appointment, promotion, tenure and advancement within your institution, organization and discipline.”2 The “up or out” situation faced by many young to mid-career academics would have been easily avoided by publishing early. Moreover, publications are the primary basis for promotion and advancement in academe.
Professional benefits are just as important. For junior consultants and younger faculty, “having published articles in reputable international journals are a great help when applying for positions in foreign institutions, and when applying for competitive overseas fellowships.”1 As editor of our specialty scholarly journal, I receive numerous urgent requests from postgraduate residents and young diplomates (unaware of the tedious editing and peer review process) to rush-publish research they undertook in training, in fulfillment of publication requirements for overseas positions or fellowships they are applying for. Had they realized this earlier, they would have been much better-prepared. For more established consultants, “gaining recognition as experts in a particular field at regional and international levels leads to invitations to lecture at scientific meetings and refresher courses, and appointments as consultants to external agencies, expert panels and advisory boards, reviewer and editorial boards.”1 Much of my local and international travels are direct offshoots of previous research, lectures and publications. These generate further research and publication opportunities in turn, as track records in research and publication are considered in “applications for, extension of, and further research funding.”1 Closer to home, publication “increases (the) depth of knowledge in a particular subject that complements and hones clinical (practical) skills, and enables better teaching of students, clinical trainees and postgraduates.”1 Indeed, a true professor must have something to profess, and a well-published professor can certainly profess what he or she does more authoritatively.
Of course, the practical benefits gained from engaging in the research and publication process cannot be overlooked. The “inherent training gained during the process of manuscript preparation,” the “discipline of performing a thorough literature search, collating and analyzing data and drafting and repeatedly revising the manuscript”1 during the editing and review process, provide undeniable practical benefits to the author. Researchers who have published are much better positioned to evaluate scholarly publications, having themselves experienced the writing, editing and review process. In this era of “information overload” the published researcher can more effectively evaluate and utilize available evidence.
Because of institutional benefits, it is in the best interests of our scholarly society to encourage scholarly writing, as “publication in peer-reviewed journals is arguably the most important means to achieve international recognition for an individual, department, hospital, and university.”1 Various international survey and ranking systems place a premium on such publication, explaining why Philippine academic institutions lag behind their counterparts in Asia and the rest of the world. It is also in the best interests of the Philippines that her clinicians, scientists, artists and scholars publish, as “the author’s country, and even the region, may also derive benefit from published work, particularly if it is on a topic of major importance.”1 At least in the medical field, Filipino publications have made their mark, albeit sparsely. The UP College of Medicine and National Health Sciences Journal Acta Medica Philippina is the source of material indelibly inscribed in the world medical map, and we certainly look forward to the Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery doing the same.
The generous research allocation for Fellows and full support for our journal by the PSOHNS Board of Trustees are a step in the right direction, as are the annual awarding of the Outstanding ENT Specialist in Research and Editors’ Pick Outstanding Research Publication. In keeping with international practice, we should accord due public recognition to our excellent Reviewers and Editors at official PSOHNS functions such as Annual Conventions, if but for the recognition they reciprocally bring to the society. The American Academy of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery has journal Editors and Star Reviewers wear special ribbons at their Annual Meeting, and openly campaigns for participants to thank these reviewers for their contribution.
On another note, I was elected President 2014-2016 of the Asia Pacific Association of Medical Journal Editors during the recent Joint Meeting of APAME and the Western Pacific Region Index Medicus and Index Medicus of the South East Asia Region of WHO in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia last August 15 – 17, 2014. This is fortuitous as we prepare to host the APAME Convention 2015 and Joint Meeting with WPRIM and IMSEAR at the WHO Western Pacific Region Office, Sofitel Hotel and Philippine International Convention Center from August 24-26, 2015 in conjunction with FORUM 2015. The other officers are: Executive Vice President Prof. Jeong-Wook Seo (Korea), Vice President for Internal Affairs is Prof. Kiichiro Tsutani (Japan), Vice President for External Affairs Prof. Dai Tao (China), Secretary-General Prof. Wilfred Peh (Singapore).
The Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery is now indexed in the HINARI Access to Research in Health Programme of the World Health Organization www.who.int/hinari making us readily available to a multitude of users from developing countries and increasing our accessibility tremendously. Our society and journal can be accessed via
http://extranet.who.int/hinari/en/browse_publisher.php?pub=695
In addition, APAMED Central (on which the Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery is indexed) has been formally ratified for indexing in the worldwidescience.org database during the World Wide Science Alliance annual meeting in Tokyo last October 2014. Henceforth, all articles from Oct 19 2014, including this issue, will be searchable on this database.
Finally, I am especially thankful to our President and my friend, Howard M. Enriquez, MD and the PSOHNS Board of Trustees (especially the Scientific Committee Chair and my friend Elmo R. Lago, Jr., MD) for the support given to me, and our journal on my ninth year as Editor-in-Chief.
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Lapeña, José Florencio. "Open Access: DOAJ and Plan S, Digitization and Disruption." Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery 34, no. 2 (December 2, 2019): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v34i2.1111.
Full textAbstract:
“Those with access to these resources — students, librarians, scientists —
you have been given a privilege. You get to feed at this banquet of knowledge
while the rest of the world is locked out. But you need not — indeed, morally,
you cannot — keep this privilege for yourselves. You have a duty to share it
with the world.”
- Aaron Swartz1 (who killed himself at the age of 26,
facing a felony conviction and prison sentence
for downloading millions of academic journal articles)
The Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery was accepted into the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) on October 9, 2019. The DOAJ is “a community-curated online directory that indexes and provides access to high quality, open access, peer-reviewed journals”2 and is often cited as a source of quality open access journals in research and scholarly publishing circles that has been considered a sort of “whitelist” as opposed to the now-defunct Beall’s (black) Lists.3
As of this writing, the DOAJ includes 13,912 journals with 10,983 searchable at article level, from 130 countries with a total of 4,410,788 articles.2 Our article metadata is automatically supplied to, and all our articles are searchable on DOAJ. Because it is OpenURL compliant, once an article is on DOAJ, it is automatically harvestable. This is important for increasing the visibility of our journal, as there are more than 900,000 page views and 300,000 unique visitors a month to DOAJ from all over the world.2 Moreover, many aggregators, databases, libraries, publishers and search portals (e.g. Scopus, Serial Solutions and EBSCO) collect DOAJ free metadata and include it in their products. The DOAJ is also Open Archives Initiative (OAI) compliant, and once an article is in DOAJ, it is automatically linkable.4
Being indexed in DOAJ affirms that we are a legitimate open access journal, and enhances our compliance with Plan S.5 The Plan S initiative for Open Access publishing launched in September 2018 requires that from 2021, “all scholarly publications on the results from research funded by public or private grants provided by national, regional, and international research councils and funding bodies, must be published in Open Access Journals, on Open Access Platforms, or made immediately available through Open Access Repositories without embargo.”5 Such open access journals must be listed in DOAJ and identified as Plan S compliant.
There are mixed reactions to Plan S. A recent editorial observes that subscription and hybrid journals (including such major highly-reputable journals as the New England Journal of Medicine, JAMA, Science and Nature) will be excluded,6 quoting the COAlition S argument that “there is no valid reason to maintain any kind of subscription-based business model for scientific publishing in the digital world.”5 As Gee and Talley put it, “will the rise of open access journals spell the end of the subscription model?”6
If full open access will be unsustainable for such a leading hybrid medical journal as the Medical Journal of Australia,6 what will happen to the many smaller, low- and middle-income country (southern) journals that cannot sustain a fully open-access model? For instance, challenges facing Philippine journals have been previously described.7
According to Tecson-Mendoza, “these challenges relate to (1) the proliferation of journals and related problems, such as competition for papers and sub-par journals; (2) journal funding and operation; (3) getting listed or accredited in major citation databases; (4) competition for papers; (5) reaching a wider and bigger readership and paper contribution from outside the country; and (6) meeting international standards for academic journal publications.”7 Her 2015 study listed 777 Philippine scholarly journals, of which eight were listed in both the (then) Thomson Reuters (TR) and Scopus master lists, while an additional eight were listed in TR alone and a further twelve were listed in Scopus alone.7 To date, there are 11,207 confirmed Philippine periodicals listed on the International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) Portal,8 but these include non-scientific and non-scholarly publications like magazines, newsletters, song hits, and annual reports. What does the future have in store for small scientific publications from the global south?
I previously shared my insights from the Asia Pacific Association of Medical Journal Editors (APAME) 2019 Convention (http://apame2019.whocc.org.cn) on the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME) Newsletter, a private Listserve for WAME members only.9 These reflections on transformation pressures journals are experiencing were the subject of long and meaningful conversations with the editor of the Philippine Journal of Pathology, Dr. Amado Tandoc III during the APAME 2019 Convention in Xi’an China from September 3-5, 2019. Here are three main points:
the real need for and possibility of joining forces- for instance, the Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrinology Societies (JAFES) currently based in the Philippines has fully absorbed previous national endocrinology journals of Malaysia and the Philippines, which have ceased to exist. While this merger has resulted in a much stronger regional journal, it would be worthwhile to consider featuring the logos and linking the archives of the discontinued journals on the JAFES website. Should the Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery consider exploring a similar model for the ASEAN Otorhinolaryngological – Head and Neck Federation? Or should individual specialty journals in the Philippines merge under a unified Philippine Medical Association Journal or the National Health Science Journal Acta Medica Philippina? Such mergers would dramatically increase the pool of authors, reviewers and editors and provide a sufficient number of higher-quality articles to publish monthly (or even fortnightly) and ensure indexing in MEDLINE (PubMed).
the migration from cover-to-cover traditional journals (contents, editorial, sections, etc.) to publishing platforms (e.g. should learned Philippine societies and institutions consider establishing a single platform instead of trying to sustain their individual journals)? Although many scholarly Philippine journals have a long and respectable history, a majority were established after 2000,7 possibly reflecting compliance with requirements of the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) for increased research publications. Many universities, constituent colleges, hospitals, and even academic and clinical departments strove to start their own journals. The resulting journal population explosion could hardly be sustained by the same pool of contributors and reviewers.
In our field for example, faculty members of departments of otorhinolaryngology who submitted papers to their departmental journals were unaware that simultaneously submitting these manuscripts to their hospital and/or university journals was a form of misconduct. Moreover, they were not happy when our specialty journal refused to publish their papers as this would constitute duplicate publication. The problem stemmed from their being required to submit papers for publication in department, hospital and/or university journals instead of crediting their submissions to our pre-existing specialty journal. This escalated the tension on all sides, to the detriment of the new journals (some department journals ceased publication after one or two issues) and authors (whose articles in these defunct journals are effectively lost).
The older specialty journals are also suffering from the increased number of players with many failing to publish their usual number of issues or to publish them on time. But how many (if any at all) of these journals (especially specialty journals) would agree to yield to a merger with others (necessitating the end of their individual journal)? Would a common platform (rather than a common journal) provide a solution?
more radically, the individual journal as we know it today (including the big northern journals) will cease to exist- as individual OA articles (including preprints) and open (including post-publication) review become freely available and accessible to all. However proud editors may be of the journals they design and develop from cover to cover, with all the special sections and touches that make their “babies” unique, readers access and download individual articles rather than entire journals. A similar fate befell the music industry a decade ago. From the heyday of vinyl (33 and 78 rpm long-playing albums and 45 rpm singles) and 8-tracks, to cassettes, then compact disks (CD’s) and videos, the US recorded music industry was down 63% in 2009 from its peak in the late 70’s, and down 45% from where it was in 1973.10 In 2011, DeGusta observed that “somewhat unsurprisingly, the recording industry makes almost all their money from full-length albums” but “equally unsurprising, no one is buying full albums anymore,” concluding that “digital really does appear to have brought about the era of the single.10 As McDowell opines, “In the end, the digital transforms not only the ability to disrupt standard publishing practices but instead it has already disrupted and continues to break these practices open for consideration and transformation.”11
Where to then, scientific journals? Without endorsing either, will Sci-Hub (https://sci-hub.se) be to scholarly publishing what Spotify (https://www.spotify.com) is to the music industry? A sobering thought that behooves action.
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Galang, Aljon. "PHILIPPINE K TO 12 CURRICULUM AND PROGRAMME FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDENT ASSESSMENT (PISA) 2018 READING LITERACY PARALLELISM AND TEACHING-LEARNING EXPERIENCES." ETERNAL (English, Teaching, Learning, and Research Journal) 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/eternal.v62.2020.a7.
Full textAbstract:
Philippine K-12 Curriculum and Programme for International Student Assessment 2018 Reading Literacy Parallelism and Teaching-Learning Experiences.. Objectives: This study is made to capture the instructional system and learning milieu of the PISA 2018 Reading Literacy-Related Senior High School Subjects aiming to evaluate its curriculum design and implementation.Methods: The study used Illuminative Evaluation Model to evaluate the curriculum design and implementation by gauging the instructional system through heat mapping and the learning milieu of teacher participants and graduate respondents through survey, interview, and researcher’s past observation. Findings: In the study, it was found out that: (a) the K to 12 program through the learning competencies is 28.64% parallel with the PISA 2018 Reading Literacy Skill Framework; (b) teachers implement the curriculum in which the Reading Literacy Skills are reflected even under various teaching-learning constraints.; (c) the graduate respondents (GRs) are good in terms of locating information but need improvement in evaluating and reflecting on and/or among texts specifically the skill ‘detecting and handling conflict’. Moreover, GRs associate learning the PISA 2018 Reading Literacy Skills the most from the subjects Reading and Writing Skills and Practical Research and the least from 21st Century Literature.Conclusion: The K-12 program through learning competencies is 28.64% parallel with PISA 2018 Reading Literacy Skill Framework. This shows one of the characteristics of the written curriculum or the instructional system.
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May, Glenn Anthony. "Father Frank Lynch and the Shaping of Philippine Social Science." Itinerario 22, no. 3 (November 1998): 99–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300009621.
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Although the United States granted the Philippines formal independence in 1946, American influence in the former colony did not disappear overnight. In the decades following independence, American policymakers continued to play key roles in Philippine politics; American businessmen, presidents, legislators, and bureaucrats and US-based international money lending agencies continued to have a considerable impact on the Philippine economy; and American popular culture continued to penetrate Philippine society and culture (as it did elsewhere). But perhaps no sector of Philippine society was as profoundly influenced by Americans as the academic one, and no subdivision of the Philippine academy bore the American imprint as visibly as Philippine social science. This paper examines the academic career, writings, institution-building efforts, and scholarly agenda of the US-born scholar who arguably had the greatest impact on post-war Philip- pine social science: Father Frank Lynch, a Jesuit professor of anthropology and sociology at Ateneo de Manila University.
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Standhartinger, Angela. "Aus der Welt eines Gefangenen Die Kommunikationsstruktur des Philipperbriefs im Spiegel seiner Abfassungssituation." Novum Testamentum 55, no. 2 (2013): 140–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685365-12341417.
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Abstract It is well known that Philippians was written in prison. However, very few have investigated whether the living conditions of ancient imprisonment are reflected in Philippians. Even less frequently studied are the specific structures of communication for those in Roman custody. This article argues that the situation of composition in prison demanded a degree of ambiguity in speaking and writing that produced difficulties for interpreters of Philippians then and now. For a letter written in prison has to reckon with being read by more than the immediate addressees, like the prison guards, police personnel, and judges. Thus, a letter from prison is always an “open interaction between the subordinates and those who dominate,” or, as James Scott has called it, a “public transcript.” The question, however, arises, whether behind the public transcript, that is the letter to the Philippians, we may also discover a hidden transcript, a discourse that takes place “offstage,” beyond direct observation by power holders. This article seeks to clarify what Paul is conveying in Philippians by reading it against ancient prison life and the circumstances of writing and communicating from therein. It finally asks how the community in Philippi might have read the letter beyond what is (and is not) obviously communicated in it.
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Lapeña, Jose Florencio F. "Creative Concretions, Pearls and Publication: The Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery on its Thirtieth Year." Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 26, no. 2 (December 3, 2011): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v26i2.563.
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“Who, on finding one pearl of great value,
went and sold all that he had and bought it.”1
Matthew 13:46
The traditional thirtieth anniversary symbol is the pearl. Pearls are calcareous concretions of nacre formed through a biomineralization process incited by an irritant in the tissue of bivalve mollusks, producing concentric layers of crystal-form CaC03 (aragonite or calcite) and an organic binding agent, conchiolin.2,3 Interestingly, the modern thirtieth anniversary symbol is the diamond. Whether it is reflective of the fast-food generation penchant for instant gratification, or a commentary on their transient perspective on relations to fast-track the traditional diamond jubilee, the pearl teaches a lesson all its own. In contrast to the fiery metamorphosis of carbon to brilliant diamond, pearls are examples of slower creative processes overcoming potential destruction, or patiently making the best of a bad situation, demonstrated by the lowly oyster. As Federico Fellini put it, “All art is autobiographical; the pearl is the oyster's autobiography.”4
There is great value in painstakingly producing a work of art or craft, science or technology. The mentifacts and artifacts conceived and created by our minds and hands arise from our interactions with the geosphere, biosphere and sociosphere. Our research in these spheres reciprocally affects them in a continuing spiral of experience, reflection and expression as our findings are published and disseminated to others. Moreover, the elements that make up the components of our research and publication activity, including the materials we use and the methods by which they are sourced, used and disposed of, also affect these spheres of our existence, and affect us in return.5
Our journal is itself the product of countless hours of writing, editing and review by our authors, editors and reviewers. From initial manuscript submission, through research design and methodological evaluation and reference checks, repeated form and content editing and revision, to external review and more revisions, each manuscript is painstakingly shepherded through the editing and review process, to final copyediting, galley proofing and approval of accepted manuscripts. The entire process can take anywhere from two weeks (for well-written manuscripts compliant with Instructions to Authors and excellent reviewers) to two years (for more challenging manuscripts, with equally challenged authors or reviewers). The online Editorial Management System has increased the number of overseas submissions, reflected in our growing international contributions. Our publication is disseminated electronically and in print to subscribers and medical libraries and indexed on multiple databases. It is a pearl of great value to many who benefit from the knowledge and wisdom contained in its pages, and who in turn use their learning for the good of their colleagues, trainees, students, patients, families and communities.
It would not have been possible without the contributions of our authors, the dedication of our editors, the zeal of our reviewers, the support of our specialty society and the patronage of our readers. Thank you. We especially thank our Editorial Assistant (Weng) and our Layout (Virgie) and Artistic (Erika) Producers and Copywriter (Patti) for their strong, silent background support. Another milestone has been achieved. We are now thirty years old. Maraming Salamat Po!
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Lapeña, José Florencio F. "A Dozen Years, A Dozen Roses." Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 33, no. 2 (November 13, 2018): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v33i2.293.
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Twelve years have passed since my first editorial for the Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, on the occasion of the silver anniversary of our journal and the golden anniversary of the Philippine Society of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery (PSO-HNS).1 Special editorials have similarly marked our thirtieth (pearl)2 and thirty-fifth (coral or jade)3 journal anniversaries, punctuating editorials on a variety of themes in between. Whether they were a commentary on issues and events in the PSO-HNS or Philippine Society, or on matters pertaining to medical research and writing, publication and peer review, I have often wondered whether my words fell on deaf ears. But write, must I-- despite my writer’s doubt.
What then, do a dozen years symbolize? As a baby boomer, I am all too familiar with what “cheaper by the dozen” meant in daily life, outwardly displayed in the matching attire my siblings and I wore on special occasions -- such as Yuletide when we would sing the carol “twelve days of Christmas.”4 We read the comedy “Twelfth Night”5 in school, although I admittedly enjoyed “The Dirty Dozen”6 more than Shakespeare. College ROTC introduced me to the “Daily Dozen” and the grueling Navy count- 1,2,3, ONE! One, two, three, TWO! (One, two, three, four! I love the Marine Corps!) And that is as far as my list of memorable dozens goes, covering five dozen years of life.
Of these, one fifth or 20% of my life has been devoted to our journal. From that perspective, I cannot help but wonder whether, or how it mattered. After 12 years, the day-to-day routine has hardly changed; neither have the periodic problems that precede the birth of each issue. I still find it difficult to solicit and follow-up reviews, and I still burn the midnight oil on weekends and holidays, patiently guiding authors in revising their manuscripts. Nevertheless, our journal has come a long way from where it was when we started (although it has not reached as far and as quickly as I would have wanted it to). Much depends on our authors and the caliber of their contributions, and our reviewers and the quality and timeliness of their reviews. However, despite our efforts to conduct education and training sessions on Medical Writing and Peer Review, the new batch of submissions and reviews each year evinces the need to repeat these regularly. In this regard, the increasing response-ability of our associate editors and continuing support of our society are needed to ensure our progress.
This year, we welcome Dr. Eris Llanes as our new Managing Editor as we thank and congratulate Dr. Tony Chua (who retains his position as Associate Editor) for serving in that role for the past 12 years. We have finally migrated from our previous platform to the Public Knowledge Platform - Open Journal Systems (PKP-OJS) available from https://pjohns.pso-hns.org/index.php/pjohns/index. The PSO-HNS has become a member of the Publishers International Linking Association (PILA), which manages and maintains, deposits and retrieves, Metadata and Digital Identifiers inclusive of associated software and know-how. This will enable us to register Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) for all our content using the Crossref® system (https://www.crossref.org/about/), making our “research outputs easy to find, cite, link, and assess.”7 We are also subscribing to the Crossref® Similarity Check plagiarism detection software service powered by iThenticate® (https://www.crossref.org/services/similarity-check/)7 and are exploring ways and means of converting all our articles to eXtensible Markup Language (XML) format. These steps reflect our continuing efforts to comply with the requirements for indexing in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)8 and our re-application for indexing in Scopus®.9 These steps would not have been possible without the full support of the PSO-HNS Board of Trustees under the leadership of our President, Dr. Aggie Remulla, for which we are truly grateful.
Indeed, the past 12 years may represent a complete cycle (such as 12 hours on a clock, or months in a year, or 12 signs of the zodiac), the first steps in the rebirth of our journal. Although they may not count among the “memorable dozens” of my life, each of these years may be likened to a rose (with its attendant thorns) – a bouquet of a dozen roses that I offer to all of you.
“for there’s no rose without a thorn,
no night without the morn,
no gain without some meaningful loss …”10
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Lapeña, José Florencio F. "On Research Integrity and Ethical Publication, Authorship and Accreditation." Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 28, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v28i2.471.
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In 2013, multiple articles reporting the clinical trial of valsartan, an antihypertensive drug of more than US$ 1 billion annual sales from Novartis, were retracted due to data falsification.1,2 These included the Kyoto Heart Study presented by Dr. Hiroaki Matsubara at the European Society of Cardiology 2009 Congress and subsequently published in the European Heart Journal (EHJ).3,4 Aside from retraction of this article by EHJ, the American Heart Association (AHA) also retracted five papers published in three of its journals -- Circulation, Circulation Research, and Hypertension.4 Novartis employees were involved in the conduct and analysis of the Kyoto Heart Study and a second investigator-initiated trial, the Jikei Heart Study,5 although their participation was not acknowledged in publications and presentations of the data, while a Novartis employee who allegedly manipulated statistical data was listed as one of the academic authors, without disclosing the relation with the company.4,6
This scandal has severely damaged scientific integrity in Japan and set the stage for the
“Tokyo Declaration on Research Integrity and Ethical Publication in Science and Medicine in the Asia Pacific Region” adopted at the 2013 Convention of the Asia Pacific Association of Medical Journal Editors (APAME) held in Tokyo from 2 to 4 August 2013, and co-published by Journals linked to APAME and listed in the Index Medicus for the South East Asian Region (IMSEAR) and the Western Pacific Region Index Medicus (WPRIM), including the Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, with a Special Announcement in this issue.7
At the core of research integrity and ethical publication is responsible and accountable authorship. The ICMJE "Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals" has been replaced by the “Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals.”8 An important change under these new guidelines is an additional criterion for authorship, totaling four (4) instead of three (3) criteria.
The ICMJE recommends that authorship be based on the following 4 criteria:8
Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; AND
Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; AND
Final approval of the version to be published; AND
Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
In addition to being accountable for the parts of the work he or she has done, an author should be able to identify which co-authors are responsible for specific other parts of the work. In addition, authors should have confidence in the integrity of the contributions of their co-authors. One cannot be listed as a co-author for the credit it brings, without being equally accountable in case of discredit. For example, consultant advisers and seniors who would consider adding their names as co-authors of a junior resident, are equally accountable for research misconduct (such as data fabrication, falsification, plagiarism), and cannot lay the blame on one (usually junior) author.
While all those designated as authors should meet all four criteria for authorship, and all who meet the four criteria should be identified as authors, those who do not meet all four criteria should be acknowledged. Hence, it is more appropriate for consultant advisers and seniors who do not meet all four criteria for authorship to be acknowledged in this manner.
Our journal seeks to maintain the highest standards of biomedical publication, and fully supports the APAME Tokyo Declaration on Research Integrity and Ethical Publication in Science and Medicine in the Asia – Pacific Region as well as the ICMJE Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals. Multiple accreditations and indexing are testimony to these standards.
It was surprising therefore, that a letter from the Commission on Higher Education Journal Accreditation System dated 26 April 2013, which we received 26 May 2013, informed us of our reaccreditation under Category B based on the “recommendation of the panel of evaluators” who “pointed out the need to improve the journal’s refereeing system, regularity of publication/circulation and timeliness.”9
I respectfully responded to these remarks10 stating that:
the Philipp J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg is one of the few consistently compliant journals accredited by the National Journal Selection Committee of the Philippine Council for Health Research and Development, Department of Science and Technology. Our journal has a reputable loco-regional stature evidenced by international contributions from the USA, Japan, Turkey, Malaysia, India and Brunei, and has consistently been recognized as a benchmark journal by the Philippine Association of Medical Journal Editors and Asia Pacific Association of Medical Journal Editors. It functions as the de facto ASEAN Journal in the field of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.
It is always regularly published on time, and indexed in the Health Research and Development Network (HERDIN-NeON) supported by the PCHRD-DOST; Philippine Journals On Line (PhilJOL) and Asia Journals On Line (AsiaJOL) supported by the International Network for the Availability of Scientific Publications (INASP); the Western Pacific Region Index Medicus (WPRIM) of the World Health Organization (WHO), APAMED Central and the Index Copernicus™ Journals Master List. It has always met the accreditation criteria of these services. The journal’s online peer review system is used as an example for other local journals, including in National Medical Writing and Reviewing Workshops organized by the PCHRD (2012 Cebu and Davao, 2013 Baguio and Iloilo), in the Philippine National Health Research System Week (2011 Bacolod, 2012 Manila, 2013 Laoag) as well as for regional journals in Medical Writing and Review Workshops held in Brunei, Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam and Cambodia. Several local and regional journals have been thus assisted by us in their editing and peer review systems.
As a Category A Accredited Research Journal (Batch 1) for 2009 – 2012 per Commission on Higher Education (CHED) Memorandum Order No. 09 s. 2010 and Resolution No. 477-2009, effective December 9, 2009 (signed May 26, 2010), our journal has faithfully complied with all the terms of the JAS, including “acknowledgement in the published journal that the publication thereof was a product of the Journal Accreditation Service project of the Commission on Higher Education” in the inside front cover of every issue. Moreover, we have gone beyond the dissemination requirement by providing a complimentary copy of each issue to every Medical School Library in the Philippines.
I ended by reiterating that our journal “has more than complied with the requirements of the Journal Accreditation Service of the Commission on Higher Education for reaccreditation as a Category A Accredited Research Journal, and beg(ged) the honorable review panel to reconsider its recommendation.”10
It turned out that previously-submitted copies of our journal had been inadvertently misplaced, leading to our downgrade from Category A to B. Expecting full reinstatement, I was surprised to receive a response dated 23 July 2013 on 23 August 2013, informing us that:
“the Technical Evaluators decided to classify the said journal as ‘conditional category A’ pending submission of enhanced volumes with sober and serious formats to project scientific/scholarly image. While refereed journals often contain many graphs and charts, these do not normally include glossy pages (e.g. advertisements) or exciting pictures (e.g. captoons) which noticeably appeared in the issues that you submitted.”11
I again respectfully responded to these remarks by citing12
the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals (ICMJE Recommendations) updated August 2013, cited 29 August 2013 available at http://www.icmje.org/urm_main.html8
The recommendations have clear guidelines on advertising, and do not forbid exciting pictures and cartoons. Nowhere do they constrain scholarly medical journals to maintain “sober and serious formats to project scientific/scholarly image.” The Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery is listed among the Journals Following ICMJE Recommendations http://www.icmje.org/journals.html13
The top-tier journals in medicine (BMJ, JAMA, Lancet and NEJM) as well as Science and Nature all have advertising in glossy pages and exciting pictures and cartoons, even on their covers. The same is true for our major journals in the field of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. I provided the technical panel with copies of the Instructions to Authors of these journals, as well as photographs of actual caricatures from their covers and inside pages. Finally, I also attached an excerpt from: Bennett HJ. Humor in Medicine. South Med J. 2003;96(12)14 for the perusal of the honourable Technical Panel.
As of press time, we have not received a reply from the Technical Panel, but have received advise from the Office of Policy, Planning, Research and Information of the Commission on Higher Education to withhold, in the meantime, our inside front cover acknowledgement that the publication of this issue “was a product of the Journal Accreditation Service project of the Commission on Higher Education.” However, we shall continue to provide a complimentary copy of this issue to every Medical School Library in the Philippines as a valuable service of our Society and Journal as we await the resolution of this situation.
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Evangelista, Susan. "Toward a People's Literature: Essays in the Dialectics of Praxis and Contradiction in Philippine Writing. By E. San Juan. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press, 1984. xix, 188 pp. Appendix, Index. $15 (cloth); $10 (paper). (Distributed in North America by University of Hawaii Press.)." Journal of Asian Studies 45, no. 2 (February 1986): 466–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2055915.
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