Dissertations / Theses: 'Philippines, history'

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Coo, Stéphanie Marie R. "Clothing and the colonial culture of appearances in nineteenth century Spanish Philippines (1820-1896)." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE2028/document.

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L’objectif de cette recherche est de reconstituer la culture ou les cultures vestimentaire(s) dans les Philippines espagnoles au XIXe siècle et de mettre en exergue l’importance du vêtement dans cette société coloniale. Cette étude explore les interactions, uniques et complexes, entre le vêtement et les apparences, d’une part, et, d’autre part, les catégories raciales, sociales et culturelles dans le contexte des changements sociaux, culturels et économiques qui sont intervenus entre 1820 et 1896. L’objectif est de restituer la vie coloniale en s’appuyant sur le vêtement dans la mesure où il permet d’aborder de nombreux problèmes raciaux, sociaux, économiques et de genre qui agitent les Philippines de cette époque. Pour la première fois, l’étude des vêtements est ici utilisée pour comprendre les changements socio-culturels et économiques qui sont intervenus dans la société coloniale des Philippines au XIXe siècle. Les différents groupes raciaux et sociaux philippins sous domination espagnole sont analysés à travers leurs vêtements. Cette étude des pratiques vestimentaires aux Philippines s’inscrit dans le contexte d'une société coloniale pluriethnique et pluriculturelle. Après des siècles de colonisations, les Philippines du XIXe siècle étaient – et, dans une certaine mesure, restent – un amalgame de cultures autochtone, occidentale et chinoise. L’analyse des pratiques vestimentaires comme élément de l’histoire coloniale s’inscrit, plus largement, dans l’étude des interactions culturelles, des modes de vie coloniaux, des relations humaines et des comportements sociaux. Le vêtement et les apparences ont été analysés avec l’objectif de mieux comprendre les hiérarchies ethniques, sociales et de genre à cette époque. Cette recherche prétend dépasser les frontières académiques entre les catégories des études philippines, de l’histoire coloniale et de l’étude du vêtement
The purpose of this research is to reconstruct the clothing culture of 19th century Spanish Philippines and to discover the importance of dress in Philippine colonial society. This study explores the unique and complex interplay of clothing and appearance with race, class and culture in the context of the social, cultural and economic changes that took place between 1820 and 1896. The objective is to recreate an impression of colonial life by turning to clothes to provide insights on a wide range of race, class, gender and economic issues. For the first time, this uses the study of clothing to understand the socio-cultural and economic changes that took place in 19th century Philippine colonial society. The different racial and social groups of the Philippines under Spanish colonization were analyzed in light of their clothing. This locates the study of Philippine clothing practices in the context of a multi-ethnic, multi-cultural colonial society. After centuries of colonization, 19th century Philippines was – and continues to be- an amalgam of indigenous, Western and Chinese cultures. This study of clothing practices as an element of colonial life points to a broader study of cultural interactions, colonial lifestyles, human relations and social behavior. Clothing and appearance were analyzed to understand the ethnic, social and gender hierarchies of that period. This work crosses the frontiers between the disciplines of Philippine studies, colonial history and costume studies

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Lacson, Katherine. "Images in print : the Manileña in periodicals (1898-1938)." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR2016/document.

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Cette étude vise à révéler l’histoire évolutive de l’image de la Manileña à l’aide des traces textuelles et iconographiques découvertes dans la presse écrite disponible à Manille de 1893 à 1938. Ainsi, nous pourrons décrire et comprendre les continuités et les ruptures des images et des représentations de la Manileña. Il est urgent de mieux comprendre comment les médias reproduisent et construisent socialement le genre. Cette recherche vise à mettre au jour les conséquences et les répercussions de la culture visuelle sur l’image du genre dans le contexte de la modernité et de l’urbanisation. Notre étude explore le croisement entre histoire, genre, médias, modernité et urbanisation dans la sphère publique, la sphère privée et toutes les sphères intermédiaires. Nous espérons que cette thèse contribuera à la compréhension de la formation des représentations dans un contexte colonial de modernisation et d’urbanisation rapides
This study hopes to provide the evolving story of the Manileña image through the usage of text and iconography found in print media available in Manila from 1898-1938. Through this process, the narrative of the continuities and changes of the images and representations of the Manileña that were created and portrayed in the periodicals may be seen and understood. This study also seeks to examine the various issues, perspectives and concerns that cropped up due to the changes that occurred. There is a need to understand how media reproduce and socially construct gender. This research hopes to find out the implications of visual culture and its impact on a gendered image in the face of modernity and urbanization. The study will interrogate the intersection of history, gender, media, modernity and urbanization as it plays in the realms of the public sphere, the private sphere and the unnamed realms in between. The study will hopefully add to the understanding of image formation in a colonial context undergoing rapid modernity and urbanization

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Mettra, Pierre. "Le riz et l'argent : manifestations du changement social dans la Cordillère philippine." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0174.

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La province Ifugao, dans la Cordillère des Philippines, est le théâtre d’affrontements symboliques qui apparaissent avec netteté lorsqu’on s’y intéresse à la riziculture. Des appartenances sociales centrées jusqu’à récemment sur la production et la circulation locale de riz se tournent désormais vers un autre vecteur de valeur, l’argent. La thèse explore ce déplacement, en proposant une ethnographie du changement social qui donne la place aux initiatives individuelles, aux débats et aux actions quotidiennes des membres d’une société Ifugao qui ne sont pas uniquement les témoins passifs de bouleversements mondiaux. Le texte explore ce qui est défini comme une incertitude des acteurs sur ce qu’est leur société et sur la manière dont elle peut se reproduire en un temps de mutations rapides des normes sociales Cette enquête sur les normes, et la façon dont elles s’appliquent ou sont sujettes à des remaniements, est étroitement connectée à un travail empirique de terrain. Celui-ci se concentre en particulier sur la question des valeurs d’échange : les variétés locales de riz Ifugao, désignées par le terme générique de tinawon, sont dédiées par excellence aux échanges interpersonnels qui entretiennent les redevabilités Ifugao, nourrissant des cycles de dettes, de dons et de contre-dons qui cimentent les relations. Ce rôle leur est cependant disputé par l’argent, pure valeur d’échange que l’analyse ne présente pas dans un rôle destructeur et anti-culturel, mais au contraire comme profondément socialisé et inondé de représentations pérennes autrefois attachées au riz. Ce déplacement de la valeur, symptôme de l’incertitude des normes, révèle l’architecture du changement social en Ifugao.Cependant, ces dynamiques ne peuvent être comprises sans en envisager l’aspect profondément politique, ce dans une continuité temporelle qui dépasse les frontières immédiates du contemporain. La partie centrale de la thèse est ainsi dédiée à une étude historique, reposant sur un travail d’archives, qui envisage la genèse du nationalisme philippin et met en perspective la narration que celui-ci a construit avec l’histoire de l’inclusion de la Cordillère dans un archipel devant sa naissance comme unité politique à des volontés coloniales. Cette approche permet d’éviter l’écueil localiste qui consisterait à ne considérer la province Ifugao que comme un « ici et maintenant » compréhensible isolément.Une égale prudence pousse à envisager les rapports de pouvoir dans la province contemporaine d’Ifugao par une enquête qui en dépasse les frontières. La question des échelles politiques est ainsi au cœur de la dernière partie du texte, dans laquelle l’analyse tente de montrer combien la formation quotidienne de la gouvernance est liée à des phénomènes transversaux qui impliquent des espaces physiques ou idéologiques variés, de la municipalité aux réseaux internationaux de l’immigration philippine
Ifugao province, in the Philippine Cordilleras, is an arena where symbolic confrontations clearly appear in rice-farming. Social interactions that were centered around the rice production and consumption are shifting towards another carrier of value: money. This thesis explores this shift, putting forward an ethnography of social change that gives room to individual initiatives and debates, and take into account the everyday actions of the members of Ifugao society, who are everything but passive viewers of world mutations.This book seeks to understand what it describes as the uncertainty of actors about what their society is and about how it may reproduce in a context of rapidly changing social norms. The inquiry about norms, and the way they are performed or reshaped, is tightly connected to an empirical fieldwork. It focuses primarily on the topic of exchange values; the local Ifugao rice varieties (tinawon) are dedicated to interpersonal exchanges, fostering a cycle of social debts and reciprocity that cement the bonds between persons. This crucial role of Tinawon, however, is contested by money, a pure exchange value. The analysis does not consider money as destructive and anti-cultural, but rather as deeply socialized and flooded with lasting representations that used to be attached to rice. This migration of value, a symptom of norm uncertainty, reveals the architecture of social change in Ifugao.These dynamics, however, can be understood only by taking their political dimension into account, in a period extending beyond the limits of the contemporaneous. Thus, the central part of the thesis is dedicated to a historical study, built on archives, looking at the genesis of Philippine nationalism. It sets a comparison between the narrative the latter has created, and the history of the inclusion of the Cordilleras within a political archipelago born from colonial drives. Such an approach aims at avoiding the localist trap of considering Ifugao province as an isolated “here and now”. One must be equally thorough in investigating multi-scaled phenomena when considering the power relationships in present day Ifugao. The concept of scales lay at the core of the third part of this book, in which the analysis attempts to demonstrate how strongly the everyday construction of governance is linked to transversal events that imply diverse geographical and ideological spaces, from municipalities to international networks of Philippine immigration

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Choa, Omar. "A geochemical history of Tabon Cave (Palawan, Philippines) : environment, climate, and early modern humans in the Philippine archipelago." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MNHN0002/document.

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La grotte de Tabon (Palawan, Philippines) est un site préhistorique majeur en Asie du Sud-Est. Elle a livré des fossiles d’Homo sapiens datant du Pléistocène supérieur, rares dans la région. Pourtant, son histoire demeure mal connue : d’importantes altérations physiques et chimiques compliquent la lecture de sa stratigraphie, tandis que des objets archéologiques sans contexte clair entravent l’élaboration d’une chronologie fiable. Cette étude jette un nouveau regard sur la grotte de Tabon à travers une approche pluridisciplinaire des sciences de la Terre. Elle explore notamment l’environnement et le climat des premiers hommes anatomiquement modernes dans la région. Les résultats mettent en lumière une période clef entre 40 et 33 ka BP, caractérisée par des climats plus secs, des paysages plus ouverts et une empreinte humaine marquée dans la grotte. Cette période a également été ponctuée par un court épisode d’humidité qui a laissé un spéléothème gypsifère étendu en guise de témoin. Dans l’avenir, de nouvelles approches, prenant en compte les contraintes particulières du site, pourraient permettre de souligner davantage la valeur scientifique et patrimoniale unique de la grotte de Tabon, une fenêtre sur les premiers périples de notre espèce à travers les archipels d’Asie du Sud-Est
Tabon Cave (Palawan, Philippines) is a key prehistoric site in Southeast Asia, one of the few to have yielded Homo sapiens fossils from the Late Pleistocene. Its history remains poorly understood: heavy physical and chemical alterations have greatly complicated its stratigraphy, and contextually isolated archaeological finds hamper the construction of a clear chronology. This study reexamines Tabon Cave using a multi-pronged geosciences approach to explore environment, climate, and early modern human presence in the region. The results reveal a major period in the cave’s history between 40 and 33 ka BP, when drier climates, more open landscapes, and active human use of the cave were briefly spaced by a wet episode that left an extensive, gypsiferous speleothem. Future innovative research approaches spurred by the unique constraints of the site will undoubtedly further highlight the unique scientific and heritage value of Tabon Cave, a window into the earliest odysseys of our species across the archipelagos of Southeast Asia

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Bellen, Christine Siu. "The historic voice of Bukid: a postcolonial reading of Manila and Bicol's comtemporary." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2016. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/306.

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Writing the history of children's literature in the postcolonial era remains important, because it serves as the counter-assertion to the history of the child and the history of children's literature dominated by the West. The once-silenced voice of the postcolonial child must resurface in in literary criticism, because it asserts the strangeness and otherness that the West and of which it has remained largely ignorant. The present study offers a postcolonial reading of children's literature in the Philippines in the context of succeeding waves of Spanish and American colonization. In making close-readings of selected works, I analyze the dynamic between metropolitan Manila and provincial Bicol, in the effort to reconfigure operative binaries of city and country still shaping the economic, historical and cultural realities in everyday Filipino/a life. Philippine children's literature remains "Manila -centric"not only because the capital city retains the monopoly of cultural production nationally, but because it perpetuates the legacy of colonialism in language and educational policy required by elites in the center. By contrast, Bicol represents the power, voice, and authority of the once -marginalized periphery, whereby an alternative to Manila in children's literary disc ourse has emerged, born out of (as I argue here) a specifically and culturally situated local discourse: that of the bukid or mountain.Bukid is the Bicol term for the rice field, mountain, and volcano. The iconic mountain-volcano of our region, the Mayon Volcano, represents the power of bukid now appearing on the horizon of the metropolitan imaginary. The mountain is speaking back. Historically, bukid has served as a shelter for the marginalized. It also has provided refuge for revolutionaries rebelling against the colonizers based in the center. As an as -yet under-theorized voice linking local landscape to history, the voice of bukid is crucial to the study of Filipino/a children's literature, because its very solidity and monumentality are integral to Filipino/a consciousness everywhere. (Every region has its own mountain.) The voice of the bukid not only challenges the binarism between the city and the country, but makes a critique of the current centralized system of production impoverishing the regional capacity for children's literature in the Philippines. My personal experience as a Filipina -Chinese woman writing on behalf of our children remains connected to these marginalized spaces seemingly so distant from the metropolitan imagination. According to Gloria Anzaldua, "The work of the mestiza consciousness is to break down the subject-object duality that keeps her a prisoner and to show in the flesh and through the images of her work how duality is transcended" (80)

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Linn, Brian McAllister. "The war in Luzon : U.S. Army regional counterinsurgency in the Philippine War, 1900-1902 /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487263399025486.

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Salazar, Wigan Maria Walther Tristan. "German economic involvement in the Philippines, 1871-1918." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274558.

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Weekley, Kathleen. "From vanguard to rearguard : the Communist Party of the Philippines, 1969-1993." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1996. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27565.

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This dissertation is a study of the rise and decline of the Communist Party of the Philippines (1969 to 1993), with emphasis on the role of theory. Against the prevailing notion - in both academic and political literature - that the CPP has been ‘dogmatic in theory but flexible in practice,’ it is argued here that its very failure to develop strategy and tactics in theory ofien inhibited flexible practice. Reasons for the lack of theoretical development include not only the often undemocratic responses of the leadership, but also a number of conditioning factors present from the Party's founding and sustained by internal Party culture and external exigencies. These include the nature of the CPP's break from the pre-existing communist party; the hegemonic position held by the CPP within the Philippine left as a whole; and the very success of the Party's armed struggle in the countryside.

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Langrick, Helena. "An anthropological perspective on the role of Chinese trade ceramics in the prehistory of a Philippine culture." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25453.

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This study presents an analysis of Chinese trade ceramic data from a stratified burial site in the Philippines representing two main proto-historic periods in the 12th and 14th centuries A.D. An ethnographic model constructed from ethno-historical data is used to generate hypotheses which are evaluated by means of quantitative analyses designed to test for social complexity in each period. The results of analyses are then assessed in terms of symbolic patterns derived from the ethnographic model. The research framework includes the construction of a methodological structure designed to incorporate both processual and symbolic approaches to archaeological analysis. The Pila cultural system is treated as an open, non-homeostatic system incorporating tangible and intangible elements, some aspects of which are not amenable to exact definition or measurement. Major areas of focus include the trade sub-system, the social sub-system and the ritual subsystem. Hypotheses test for social differentiation in terms of wealth, descent, social roles, and specialization of function; for hierarchy and centralization in terms of corporate control; for symbolic content of artifacts and ritual patterns; and for culture change in terms of increased social complexity in the later period. Analyses involve the evaluation of quantitative differences in amount of goods; patterns of spatial distribution throughout the site and within individual burials; and comparisons of burial treatment between individuals and between sub-groups. Major areas of theoretical concern include the question of status differentiation in prehistory, and the extent to which inferences can be made from mortuary patterns; the relationship between material culture, social organization and ideology; and the effects of prolonged long-distance trade on the internal complexity of a cultural group. I conclude that in Pila, mortuary patterns represent an accurate reflection of socio-cultural patterns in general. The results of the analyses support the applicability of the ethnographic model of Pila as an egalitarian society with a prominent ideological component in which Chinese ceramics played an important role. I conclude that a recursive relationship is seen to exist between material culture, social organization and ideology. In particular, that the physical characteristics of Chinese ceramics, characterized by durability, resonance, impermeability and light-reflecting glazes, caused them to become closely identified with all aspects of ritual, and to reinforce the ideological patterns of Pila. These ideological patterns include a belief in powerful ancestor and nature spirits which control all aspects of life and death. Associated with this are petitionary rituals of every kind, conducted mainly within the family circle in a one-to-one relationship with the spirits, and involving the use of Chinese ceramics as important ritual objects. The mortuary data also indicates that culture change, characterized by a slight general increase in social complexity, occurred between the earlier and later cultural periods. This increase in social complexity appears to be associated with the long-standing trading contacts with China, in terms of economic impact as well as diffusion of certain cultural elements.
Arts, Faculty of
Anthropology, Department of
Graduate

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Wissmann, Cheryl. "Worship practice in the Churches of Christ, Central Luzon, Philippines." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13642.

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Worship practice in Christian churches around the world has changed rapidly in the last two decades. The impact of contemporary Christian music on non-western churches has been little studied. The Filipino Churches of Christ of Central Luzon have utilized tools of a worship service order and a hymnbook provided by American missionaries in the early twentieth century to establish a consistent worship practice. As the new music has entered through international marketing and communication, the worship order has remained the same while the usage of the Tagalog himnario has declined. This research reviews Filipino history, the history of the Churches of Christ, missionary practice in the Filipino Churches of Christ, the translation of the himnario from the English, the impact of new Tagalog lyrics, and the importation of contemporary Christian music into the Churches of Christ.

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King, Johnny Loye. "Spirit and schism : a history of 'Oneness Pentecostalism' in the Philippines." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7206/.

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This thesis presents the history of Oneness Pentecostalism in the Philippines for the first time. It traces the origins, development and current state of this movement. This work will attempt to supply that information, and do so in a manner that recognizes the vital roles of the Filipinos. It argues that schism within the movement was unavoidable due to historical and cultural predispositions of the Filipinos when combined with the paternal methods of the missionaries, and the schismatic nature of Pentecostalism. Important leaders are examined and presented with heretofore-unpublished details of their lives and works, including missionaries and national leaders such as Diamond A. Noble and Wilde Almeda. Some of the many organizations are studied from the perspective of schism and success, and a summary of the entire movement is offered with an analysis as to why people have migrated into it and within it. It attempts to present a way of understanding Oneness Pentecostalism in the Philippines through the examination of schism; understanding that may contribute to a global understanding of the Oneness movement, or even of Pentecostalism as a whole.

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Jurilla, Patricia May Bantug. "Tagalog bestsellers and the history of the book in the Philippines." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2006. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28810/.

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The thesis is a study on the history of the book in the Philippines with a focus on literary publishing and Filipino literary bestsellers of the twentieth century. It begins with a survey on the publishing of books in the Philippines from 1593 when the first book was printed in the country to 2003 when the first nationwide study on reading attitudes and preferences was conducted. The survey pays special attention to literary forms and texts that have played a significant role in the development of Philippine culture and history. It is followed by an examination of literary publishing in the Philippines, in which the local bestselling literary forms of the twentieth century are identified. These types of literary texts are subsequently taken up in case studies that explore the publishing, manufacturing, distribution, reception, and survival of the bestselling books and their relation to the conditions and circumstances in Philippine culture, society, politics, and economics during their time. The case studies, which are centred on specific publishers who were particularly successful in producing the literary bestsellers, are on Tagalog metrical romances (in awit and corrido forms) published by Juan Martinez during the 1900s to the 1920s; on Tagalog novels published by Palimbagang Tagumpay (Victory Publishing) under the Aliwan (Entertainment) series from 1945 to 1947; on the comic books (komiks) series published by the group of companies owned by Ramon Roces from the late 1940s to the mid-1980s; and on Filipino romance novels published by Books for Pleasure and by Precious Pages Corporation from 1985 to 2000. This thesis seeks to introduce the History of the Book to Philippine scholarship, where the discipline is still a largely unexplored if not totally unheard of area of study.

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McEnroe, Sean F. "Oregon soldiers and the Portland press in the Philippine wars of 1898 and 1899 : how Oregonians defined the race of Filipinos and the mission of America." PDXScholar, 2001. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4028.

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Oregon volunteer soldiers fought two wars in the Philippines from 1898 to 1899, one against the Spanish colonial government (from May to August 1898), and one against the Philippine insurgency (beginning in February of 1899). This thesis examines the connections between Oregonians' racial characterization of Filipinos and their beliefs about the wars' purposes and moral characteristics. The source material is drawn from the personal papers of Oregon volunteer soldiers and from the Portland Oregonian.

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Hesslind, Hazzel. "Två spanska kulturmöten : Spanjorers möte med azteker och ursprungsbefolkningar på Filippinerna." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper (KV), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-71012.

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In this essay you will witness two different cultural exchanges that the Spaniards experienced in the 16th century, on one hand with the Aztec people from Mexico, and on the other hand with multiple peoples from the Philippines. The purpose of this essay is to find out how the Spaniards responded to facing these cultures for the very first time, and also to explore what the differences between these two exchanges were, and to find out why one led to the slaughter of so many human beings, and the other one did not. To find out why this is, I have examined their letters from the 16th century.

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Canto, Maria Felicia F. "Restoring a sense of history : the case of Southern Philippines' Jolo, Sulu." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/15148.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1985.
MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH
Bibliography: p. 212-216.
by Maria Felicia F. Canto.
M.C.P.

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Thomas, Krishna Ignalaga. "Lola's story : writing comfort women in World War II history of the Philippines /." View online, 2008. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131400061.pdf.

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Redgraves, Christopher M. "African American Soldiers in the Philippine War: An Examination of the Contributions of Buffalo Soldiers during the Spanish American War and Its Aftermath, 1898-1902." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1011857/.

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During the Philippine War, 1899 – 1902, America attempted to quell an uprising from the Filipino people. Four regular army regiments of black soldiers, the Ninth and Tenth Cavalry, and the Twenty-Fourth and Twenty-Fifth Infantry served in this conflict. Alongside the regular army regiments, two volunteer regiments of black soldiers, the Forty-Eighth and Forty-Ninth, also served. During and after the war these regiments received little attention from the press, public, or even historians. These black regiments served in a variety of duties in the Philippines, primarily these regiments served on the islands of Luzon and Samar. The main role of these regiments focused on garrisoning sections of the Philippines and helping to end the insurrection. To carry out this mission, the regiments undertook a variety of duties including scouting, fighting insurgents and ladrones (bandits), creating local civil governments, and improving infrastructure. The regiments challenged racist notions in America in three ways. They undertook the same duties as white soldiers. They interacted with local "brown" Filipino populations without fraternizing, particularly with women, as whites assumed they would. And, they served effectively at the company and platoon level under black officers. Despite the important contributions of these soldiers, both socially and militarily, little research focuses on their experiences in the Philippines. This dissertation will discover and examine those experiences. To do this, each regiment is discussed individually and their experiences used to examine the role these men played in the Philippine War. Also addressed is the role ideas about race played in these experiences. This dissertation looks to answer whether or not notions on race played a major role in the activities of these regiments. This dissertation will be an important addition to the study of the Philippine War, the segregated U. S. Army, and African American history in the modern period.

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Caronan, Faye Christine. "Making history from U.S. colonial amnesia Filipino American and U.S. Puerto Rican poetic genealogies /." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3259634.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 11, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 185-196).

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Glanz, David 1956. "Confusion grows from the barrel of a gun : the Communist Party of the Philippines." Monash University, Dept. of Politics, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8816.

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Black, Jonathan. "Jose P. Laurel and Jorge B. Vargas: Issues of Collaboration and Loyalty during the Japanese Occupation of the Philippines." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2010. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/69.

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In this paper I looked at the actions that were taken by Jose P. Laurel and Jorge Vargas during the occupation of the Philippines country by Japanese Imperial forces during World War II. I was mostly interested in the idea of loyalties that occurred in places that were occupied throughout history and what constituted the lines that would be drawn when the leaders of those countries decided to do what was best for their people. I started by researching the many of the Occupied countries of Japan and determined one in which there was a more controversial and grayed line of collaboration that occurred. I chose the Philippines mostly because of their relationship with the United States and to see how that factor affected the ideas of collaboration and loyalty. I mostly found that these men got most of their influences from their previous experiences in life but mostly form the last instructions that were given to them by Gen. MacArthur and their President. Ultimately they did not claim loyalty to the Japanese even though they collaborated with the Japanese. This is important in giving a good view into what needs to be done in order t preserve the nation state when being occupied by an invading force. It also explores the lines and interpretations of the definition of loyalty in these situations.

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Yellen, Jeremy Avrum. "The Two Pacific Wars: Visions of Order and Independence in Japan, Burma, and the Philippines, 1940-1945." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10522.

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This dissertation examines the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, Japan’s ambitious attempt to create a new order in East Asia. Most studies on Japan’s new order focus on either the imperial center (Japan) or the periphery (individual East or Southeast Asian nations). This dissertation, however, brings together both. It discusses the Japanese effort to envision a postwar world, and at the same time shows how Japan’s new order was mobilized and co-opted by nationalist leaders in the Philippines and Burma. By focusing on dynamic imperial networks rather than simple models of unidirectional diffusion, this dissertation seeks to paint a more nuanced picture of World War II in the Asia-Pacific. Simple dichotomies fail to capture the complicated nature of the Co-Prosperity Sphere. The Co-Prosperity Sphere was neither a mere euphemism for Japanese imperialism and wartime actions, nor a sincere project aimed at the liberation of Asia. Instead, the Sphere is better understood as a process or contest of beliefs, one that could not be controlled by any single group or invading force. This process took shape as an effort to envision a postwar world while in the midst of war. Elites in Tokyo dreamed of a postwar Japan-led international order. Elites in Burma and the Philippines, on the other hand, remained focused on their domestic orders, and viewed independence as of paramount importance. This study highlights the evolution and contested nature of Japan’s new order, and shows how multiple parties—both in Japan and across Asia—impacted the shape the wartime empire would take. Moreover, my dissertation makes an important contribution to the history of empire and decolonization by unpacking the significance of the Japanese interregnum in Southeast Asia. It demonstrates that decolonization in Southeast Asia was more than an unintended consequence of World War II. Whether through extended participation in government, state building measures, or the creation of new governmental institutions, Southeast Asian leaders made conscious use of the Japanese empire to prepare for postwar independence.
History

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Andersen, Jack David. "Service Honest and Faithful: The Thirty-Third Volunteer Infantry Regiment in the Philippine War, 1899-1901." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1062907/.

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This manuscript is a study of the Thirty-Third Infantry, United States Volunteers, a regiment that was recruited in Texas, the South, and the Midwest and was trained by officers experienced from the Indian Wars and the Spanish-American War. This regiment served as a front-line infantry unit and then as a constabulary force during the Philippine War from 1899 until 1901. While famous in the United States as a highly effective infantry regiment during the Philippine War, the unit's fame and the lessons that it offered American war planners faded in time and were overlooked in favor of conventional fighting. In addition, the experiences of the men of the regiment belie the argument that the Philippine War was a brutal and racist imperial conflict akin to later interventions such as the Vietnam War. An examination of the Thirty-Third Infantry thus provides valuable context into a war not often studied in the United States and serves as a successful example of a counterinsurgency.

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O'Donnell, Shawn Alden. "Human-rainforest interactions in Island Southeast Asia : Holocene vegetation history in Sarawak (Malaysian Borneo) and Palawan (western Philippines)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2016. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271809.

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This research employs a modern analogue approach to examine relationships between pollen, vegetation change, and land use in the tropical environments of Island Southeast Asia over the past ~5000 years. Interpretation of fossil pollen data relies upon uniformitarian principles. Few modern pollen- vegetation studies from the region exist, and those that do have focused on climatic or ecological aims. Main contributions of this study are: the collection and analysis of modern botanical data and pollen assemblages from various human-modified and ‘natural’ vegetation types; and the comparison of this modern dataset with fossil pollen sequences in order to test hypotheses relating to signatures of past land use. Some fossil assemblages showed statistical similarity with those from modern ‘cultured’ landscapes, whilst others aligned more closely with those from natural vegetation. Cores from the northern Kelabit Highlands of Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, contain assemblages from 1700 cal BP onwards that are similar to those produced by modern arboriculture; a core from the southern Highlands contains fossil assemblages as old as 2000 cal BP that align with those from modern wet rice paddies. These ages coincide with the earliest archaeological dates from nearby sites. Earlier vegetation changes appear to relate to edaphic development and climatic fluctuations. In northern Palawan, western Philippines, the first fossil pollen sequence from the island records post-5000 cal BP marine regression, hydrological fluctuations that are likely related to ENSO cyclicities, and persistence of open landscapes with minor evidence of closed forest after 2750 cal BP. This contrasts with existing proxy data that imply increasingly closed forest through the Holocene. In a region where direct archaeobotanical evidence is sparse, and little modern pollen- vegetation work has been done, this research contributes to clarifying modes and timings of changes in subsistence-related disturbance, as well as bolstering recent interpretations from other palaeoclimatic proxies for ENSO intensification from ~4000 cal BP. These results, and those from similar future studies, can provide baseline data for long-term monitoring and conservation initiatives.

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Lawson, Konrad. "Wartime Atrocities and the Politics of Treason in the Ruins of the Japanese Empire, 1937-1953." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10577.

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This dissertation explores the relationship between violence and betrayal in retribution against military and police collaborators who helped maintain Japan’s wartime occupations up until its defeat in 1945. Looking at the approaches taken in the colonies of British Asia, postwar treason trials in the Philippines, and Chinese Communist approaches in wartime and postwar Shandong province, this study argues that the laws and rhetoric of treason were deeply flawed tools for confronting the atrocities of war. At the very moment that war crimes trials were defining a set of acts that constituted crimes against all humanity, around the world thousands of individuals who helped perpetrate them were treated as primarily guilty of crimes against the nation. Each of the chapters in this work examines the costs and consequences of this for postwar societies on the eve of decolonization and civil war. Throughout the territories under Japanese occupation, locally recruited military and police forces comprised the largest category of individuals to face accusations of treason in the aftermath of war, but were also those most likely to be complicit in atrocities. Among the ranks of the disloyal, they were both the most useful as well as the most dangerous to postwar regimes and almost always separated out from other accused collaborators. Their treason was often treated as a disease of the heart which, once cured, allowed them to be deployed once more. Attempts to try them for their betrayal often faced destabilizing political opposition, especially in cases where their wartime actions were carried out in the name of independence from colonial rule, and were almost always reduced in scale to focus on those accused both of treason and atrocities. Marred by the politics of betrayal, the resulting hybrid proceedings failed to achieve a reckoning with wartime massacres and torture.
History

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Smith, Britnee. "Prohibition as a Moral Framework: The United States' Opium Policy, 1898-1914." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2016. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/419630.

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History
M.A.
This study explores the creation of American prohibition policy towards drugs and drug trafficking. It examines the United States’ opium policy in the first decade of the twentieth century as the first example of drug prohibition and locates the impetus for drug prohibition in the American acquisition of the Philippines Islands in 1898. This work shows how prohibition in the early twentieth century was based on a moral understanding of drug policy. This study also briefly looks at how drug prohibition continues today with the modern War on Drugs policy. The War on Drugs in this framework is an expansion of an earlier failed policy. By revisiting the first example of drug prohibition and thereby historicizing the current debates about drug policy, this thesis argues history does not provide reasons to expect that the prohibition of drug use and trafficking will prove effective.
Temple University--Theses

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Furlong, Matthew J. "Peasants, Servants, and Sojourners: Itinerant Asians in Colonial New Spain, 1571-1720." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/333213.

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This dissertation charts the social interactions, work experiences, and routes traveled by Asian workers within and between the colonial Philippines and Mexico between 1571 and 1720. Residents of early colonial Mexico called these workers chinos. Most free chinos were Filipinos, but enslaved chinos had origins all over Asia. Chinos crossed the Pacific on the Manila galleons, which sailed between the Philippines and Mexico. These ships facilitated the exchange of American products, mostly silver, for Asian products, primarily textiles. This study explores the social and spatial mobility of chinos to show how trade between and within the Americas and Asia opened a new chapter in the social history of the early modern world. This project expands the study of Latin American history in three ways. First, it analyzes the ways in which chinos, especially Filipinos, created and sustained colonial Mexico as part of a Pacific world, advancing scholarship that already celebrates Mexico as part of an Atlantic world. Next, this work develops the study of economic history by comparing the ways that chinos shaped and connected different regions of colonial Mexico by employing Southeast Asian labor organization and technology. Thirdly, this dissertation refines studies of ethnicity by considering the ways that chinos, especially free laborers, represented themselves as members of a new corporate group in colonial Mexico, and appropriated the ethnic category of "indio," originally established for indigenous people in the Americas. They used these categories to claim resources from the colonial state, to form social networks, and to create bases for collective action. This work advances the field of early modern global and world history. It analyzes the Philippines and Pacific New Spain as arenas of cross-cultural interaction, labor, migration, and production in their own right, rather than as mere commercial intermediaries mediating between East Asia and the Americas. Finally, this work considers the ways that the long history of interactions between Island Southeast Asia and the rest of Asia shaped the mobility of chinos, while also situating their trans-Pacific interactions within the institutions of the global tributary empire of the Spanish Habsburgs.

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Villanueva, James Alexander. "Awaiting the Allies’ Return: The Guerrilla Resistance Against the Japanese in the Philippines during World War II." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1552026873539029.

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Soon, Simon Sien Yong. "What is Left of Art? The Spatio‐Visual Practice of Political Art in Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, and the Philippines, 1950s–1970s." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14186.

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What is Left of Art? begins with a simple question about the place of art during a period of great socio-political transformation. How did artists respond to the upheaval brought about by modern political changes? Where was art located in times of moral and political crises? In my research, I take the left-leaning political art movements in Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand and the Philippines as case studies, looking at the period from 1950s – 1970s. This thesis makes an original contribution to the critical inquiry of left-leaning political art through a comparative study that posits discursive affinity of this form of art practice across four countries that have hitherto not been considered collectively. Instead of focusing on analysing the meaning behind the works of art or simply providing a descriptive historical account of these movements, I have identified three domains of political art for productive inquiry. These are the organisation, the text and the street. While these components, and the artistic strategies explored within them, were not exclusive to Southeast Asian modern art, as demonstrated by the social art histories in many other different contexts, the specific conditions of post-war Southeast Asia produce a common historical experience. It underlines the significance of historical structure in shaping the character of politicisation of art in Southeast Asia. My thesis explores how these domains of political art could be understood as strategies explored by the cultural left to rethink received discourses and institutions of modern art in order to engender a different aesthetic paradigm centered on the commitment towards the people. Often these include re-imagining how art constituted a spatio-visual practice that shaped or intervened in modern urban spaces. The street in this sense represents a significant trope and site of engagement with a broader public. Through this reading, I hope to demonstrate the terms of artistic production through which I am able to make visible an archaeology of political and ideological pressures that shape the artistic modernities of post-war Southeast Asia.

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Rost, James Stanley. "The Oregon Volunteers in the Spanish-American War and Philippine Insurrection : the annotated and edited diary of Chriss A. Bell, May 2, 1898 to June 24, 1899." PDXScholar, 1991. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4117.

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This thesis is an annotated and edited typescript of a primary source, the handwritten diary of Chriss A. Bell, of the Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry state militia. The diary concerns the events of Oregon's National Guard state militia in the Spanish-American war in the Philippines, and the Philippine Insurrection that followed. The period of time concerned is from the beginning of May, 1898 to the end of June, 1899.

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Ramos, Charmaine. "The power and the peril : producers associations seeking rents in the Philippines and Colombia in the Twentieth Century." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/968/.

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This thesis investigates the collection of levies by the state from Colombian coffee and Philippine coconut producers and the delegation of authority, to mobilise and regulate the uses of the levies, to producers associations in these sectors. The thesis suggests that these activities constitute an “institutional framework” for state-engineered rents, whereby public authority is appropriated by private agents. It asks why similarly-designed institutions for allocating rents yielded different outcomes: Colombian coffee levies are associated with growth-enhancing and producer welfare-promoting investments in coffee production and marketing, while Philippine coconut levies are depicted as non-developmental rent capture by associates of a president. The thesis explains the variation in outcomes by examining the basis in political economy of the power exercised by the leading sectoral organisations, FEDECAFE in Colombia and COCOFED in the Philippines, and how they articulated this power in the mobilisation of the levies. It finds that the conditions for collective action and the exercise of power were more robust for Colombian coffee than Philippine coconut producers. This meant that while FEDECAFE directly intermediated between coffee producers and the state in the mobilisation of rents associated with coffee levies, COCOFED shared the power of mobilising rents with other individual political brokers. This variation led to differences in rent mobilisation: a process that was production-enhancing in Colombia but not in the Philippines. This work thus shows how variations in the political organisation of rent-seeking may be linked to variations in the developmental outcomes associated with the collection and deployment of such levies. Doing so, it seeks to contribute to the understanding of the political conditions under which state-engineered rents may be production-enhancing – an important question in late developing countries, where corruption may be endemic, but state-allocated rents nevertheless necessary for promoting development.

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Pettis, Maria R. "Aedes aegypti and Dengue in the Philippines: Centering History and Critiquing Ecological and Public Health Approaches to Mosquito-borne Disease in the Greater Asian Pacific." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/167.

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The global incidence of dengue has increase 30-fold over the past 50 years in the western or Asian Pacific, this region is also a contemporary epicenter for resource extraction and ecological destabilization. Dengue is addition to yellow fever, chikungunya and most recently zika virus, are transmitted by the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti- a domesticated mosquito adept at breeding in artificial household containers and within homes. The history of the domestication and global distribution of Aedes aegypti is intrinsically linked to European expansion into and among tropical worlds. Contemporary population genetics research suggest the westward expansion of the mosquito vector beginning with trans-Atlantic Slave Trade moving to the Americas and then making a jump across the Pacific, which I argue occurred first within the Philippines and then spread eastward through the greater Indian Ocean. I argue that Spanish and American colonization facilitated the biological invasion of Ae. aegypti and dengue in the Philippines and created the conditions for contemporary epidemics. The discourse within the dominant voices of public health, CDC and WHO, omit this history as well as down play the significance of land use and deforestation while focusing predominantly upon dengue’s prevention and control. This omission is an act of erasure and a means of furthering western imperialism through paternalistic interventions. Mosquito-borne disease epidemics are unintended consequences of past human action and if public health discourse continues to frame epidemics as random and unfortunate events, we risk missing key patterns and continuing to perpetuate the circumstances of disease and adaptation.

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Reed, Alden. "Nationalists & guerillas| How nationalism transformed warfare, insurgency & colonial resistance in late 19th century Cuba (1895-1898) and the Philippines (1899-1902)." Thesis, University of New Hampshire, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10127465.

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In the modern age, nationalism has profoundly impacted warfare. While nationalism has helped transform pre-modern societies into nation-states in part arguably to more efficiently wage warfare, it has also lead to a decline in the effectiveness of conventional military power. Warfare in late nineteenth century Cuba and the Philippines demonstrates many of the new features of “nationalist warfare,” showing increased violence is brought about not just by conventional technological developments, but also by “social technology” like nationalism. Nationalist ideology makes it nearly impossible for conventional military forces to occupy or control a nationalist society and suppress resistance to foreign rule. Attempts to suppress nationalist resistance can only be achieved by denying the rebellion external support and directly targeting the civilian population. The difficulty of suppressing nationalist resistance ensures increasingly protracted, bloody and destructive wars will be the norm and that within these conflicts targeting non-combatants and civilian infrastructure is virtually unavoidable.

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Tofighian, Nadi. "The role of Jose Nepomuceno in the Philippine society : What language did his silent films speak?" Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Cinema Studies, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-899.

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This paper examines the role of the pioneer Filipino filmmaker Jose Nepomuceno and his films in the Philippine quest for independence and in the process of nation-building. As all of Nepomuceno's films are lost, most of the information was gathered from old newspaper articles on microfilm in different archives in Manila. Many of these articles were hitherto undiscovered. Nepomuceno made silent films at a time when the influence of the new coloniser, United States, was growing, and the Spanish language was what unified the intellectual opposition. Previous research on Nepomuceno has focused on the Hispanic influences on his filmmaking, as well as his connections to the stage drama. This paper argues that Nepomuceno created a national consciousness by making films showing native lives and environments, adapting important Filipino novels and plays to the screen and covering important political topics and thereby creating public opinion. Many reviews in the newspapers connected his films to nation-building and independence, as the creation of a national consciousness is a cornerstone in the process of building a nation and defining "Filipino". Furthermore, the films of Nepomuceno helped spreading the Tagalog culture and language to other parts of the Philippines, hence making Tagalog the foundation of the national Filipino language.

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34

DiMarco, Louis A. "Restoring order: the US Army experience with occupation operations, 1865–1952." Diss., Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/6984.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of History
Mark P. Parillo
This dissertation examines the influence of the US Army experience in military government and occupation missions on occupations conducted during and immediately after World War II. The study concludes that army occupation experiences between the end of the Civil War and World War II positively influenced the occupations that occurred during and after World War II. The study specifically examines occupation and government operations in the post-Civil War American South, Cuba, the Philippines, Mexico, post-World War I Germany, and the major occupations associated with World War II in Italy, Germany, and Japan. Though historians have examined individual occupations, none has studied the entirety of the American army‘s experience with these operations. This dissertation finds that significant elements of continuity exist between the occupations, so much so that by the World War II period it discerns a unique American way of conducting occupation operations. Army doctrine was one of the major facilitators of continuity. An additional and perhaps more important factor affecting the continuity between occupations was the army‘s institutional culture, which accepted occupation missions as both important and necessary. An institutional understanding of occupation operations developed over time as the army repeatedly performed the mission or similar nontraditional military tasks. Institutional culture ensured an understanding of the occupation mission passed informally from generation to generation of army officers through a complex network of formal and informal, professional and personal relationships. That network of relationships was so complete that the World War II generation of leaders including Generals Marshall, Eisenhower, Clay and MacArthur, and Secretary of War Stimson, all had direct personal ties to individuals who served in key positions in previous occupations in the Philippines, Cuba, Mexico, or the Rhineland. Doctrine and the cultural understanding of the occupation mission influenced the army to devote major resources and command attention to occupation operations during and after World War II. Robust resourcing and the focus of leaders were key to overcoming the inevitable shortfalls in policy and planning that occurred during the war. These efforts contributed significantly to the success of the military occupations of Japan and Germany after World War II.

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Harris, Melissa Manlulu. "Filipino American National Democratic Activism: A Lens to Seek Historical Justice for U.S. Imperialism in the Philippines." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1526018921857459.

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Wormington, Larry J. "Last Known Tomorrow." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2013. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1767.

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37

Allen, Reuben J. "The Philippine professional labor diaspora in the United States with a focus on Indiana's mid-size cities." Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1286499.

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This thesis examines the Philippine labor diaspora in the United States, both historical and modern, with a specific focus on the modern period of migration to midsize urban places in Indiana. The historical or pre-1965 period is marked by two successive waves of movement to the United States, each of which is based upon different labor demands for unskilled labor. The modern period was initiated by the 1965 United States Immigration and Naturalization Act and is marked by far greater volumes of Filipinos entering the country. This most recent influx is characterized by significant numbers of professionals, an expression of the regional division of `skilled' labor migration flows between developing and developed countries associated with globalization. Quantitative questionnaires and qualitative interviews with 30 FilipinoAmerican professionals in six mid-size cities in Indiana examined topics of labor recruitment practices, secondary migration patterns, and the remittance practices and group formation associated with transnational identities.
Department of Geography

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38

Escondo, Kristina A. "Anti-Colonial Archipelagos: Expressions of Agency and Modernity in the Caribbean and the Philippines, 1880-1910." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1405510408.

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Coloma, Roland Sintos. "Empire and education: Filipino schooling under United States rule, 1900-1910." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1086209087.

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40

Wissmann, Ross B. "The Christian ministry : case studies of preachers of the Churches of Christ in Bicol, Philippines." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/5919.

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This thesis examines the challenges faced by the ministers of religion in Churches of Christ (Restoration Movement) in Bicol, Philippines. The goal is to do theology from below, not from above, as pastoral ministry must come from the experience of those who practice it, not from textbooks. The pastoral perspectives of the dilemmas that the ministers raise are heard, observed, documented, and then reflected upon. To do this, case studies of four preachers are used and the mga problema that they present are explored with them. As a result, first, I introduce some of those challenges which are perplexing on the ground level and which appear to be under-researched in serious theological circles, especially in an Asian context. Second, I hope that these case studies can be used to stimulate reflection in ministerial and spiritual formation. Third, I document some of the theology and methodology of the Churches of Christ, particularly as practiced in the Philippines. Chapter 1 explores the dichotomy between the perceived satisfaction in the pastoral ministry with the crisis of role and identity. In particular, issues such as forced exits and stress are presented while baptism and preaching are scrutinized. Chapter 2 centres on the conundrums experienced in planting a new church and being the lone planter. Chapter 3 examines three challenges–the task of ministering in a home congregation, the issue of accreditation in ministerial training, and how the minister can be a success and grow the church. Never far from the thoughts and actions of any of the Bicolano ministers is the problema of poverty, so Chapter 4 considers some of the Filipino, personal, and spiritual complexities of poverty, delineates a number of factors that need to be taken into consideration in any effort to overcome this malady and concludes with a particular reference to ministry.

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Mawson, Stephanie Joy. "Incomplete conquests in the Philippine archipelago, 1565-1700." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/288555.

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The Spanish colonisation of the Philippines in 1565 opened up trade between China, Latin America and Europe via the Pacific crossing, changing the history of global trade forever. The traditional understanding of the early colonial period in the Philippines suggests that colonial control spread rapidly and peacefully across the islands, ushering in dramatic changes to the social, political and economic environment of the archipelago. This dissertation argues by contrast that the extent of Spanish control has been overstated - partially as a by-product of an over-reliance on religious and secular chronicles that sought to magnify the role and interests of the colonial state. Through extensive archival work examining different sites of colonial authority and power, I demonstrate that Philippine communities contested and limited the nature of colonisation in their archipelago. In making this argument, I challenge prevalent assumptions of indigenous passivity in the face of imperial expansion. By demonstrating the agency of Southeast Asians, particular actors come to the fore in each of the chapters: Chinese labourers, indigenous elites, fugitives and apostates, unpacified mountain communities, native priestesses and Moro slave raiders. The culture and social organisation of these Southeast Asian communities impacted on the nature of Spanish imperialism and the capacity for the Spanish to retain and extend their control. Throughout the seventeenth century, the Spanish presence within the archipelago was always tenuous. A number of communities remained outside of Spanish control for the duration of the century, while still others oscillated between integration and rebellion, by turns participating in and resisting the consolidation of empire. These communities continued to maintain their local and regional economies and customs. Thus, by the end of the seventeenth century, imperial control remained fragmented, partial and incomplete. The dissertation contributes not only to the historiography of the Philippines - which remains under-explored - but also to the historiographies of Colonial Latin America, Southeast Asia and early modern empires. Conceptualising the Philippines as a frontier space helps to overturn the foundations of the myth of a completed conquest. This dissertation thus raises questions about the inevitability of empire by arguing that indigenous communities were active respondents to Spanish colonisation attempts and that indigenous traditions and culture in this region were both resilient and enduring in the face of colonial oppression.

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Jalkebro, Rikard. "Finding a juncture between peace and conflict studies and terrorism studies : the case of the Mindanao conflict." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11865.

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This thesis is a critique on contemporary counterterrorism and peacebuilding. It uses a single case study approach to answer the question: How can we, by studying the Mindanao conflict - which has characteristics of both ‘new wars' and ‘new terrorism' - find a juncture between peace and conflict studies and terrorism studies that could help us to better understand terrorism and thereby create more efficient frameworks and tools for countering terrorism, and addressing the root causes of intrastate conflict in order to build a lasting peace? In addressing this question the thesis aims to contribute to International Relations and more specifically the emerging literatures of ‘critical terrorism studies' and ‘critical peace and conflict studies'. Ontologically, the thesis is positioned in between the two subfields, peace and conflict studies and terrorism studies, of International Relations and draws on theories from both literatures and the more recent ‘critical' turns of each sub-discipline; critical terrorism studies and critical peace studies. The case study of the Philippines and in particular the Mindanao conflict is relatively under-researched and functions as a comparative element as it, arguably, represents a microcosm of almost every type of conflict. It is the understanding of the thesis that there is a need to understand local realities and grievances in order to build a lasting peace in Mindanao where the root causes of the conflict is being addressed. Hence, the thesis seeks to understand the root causes of the conflict by focusing on Filipino history of governance and conflict. The roots of conflict is found to be the grievances of being deprived of self-rule, autonomy, and independence and of the right to its ancestral domain after centuries of various levels of oppression as well as corruption within the embedded, archaic power structures of Filipino political dynasties. Furthermore, the thesis tests the theoretical frameworks on the on-going peace process suggesting that the institutions and ‘one size fits all approaches' in liberal peacebuilding can be found in the embedded power structures in the social, political and economic levels of the Philippines. The main contribution the thesis aims to achieve is to apply post-liberal peacebuilding theories to the Mindanao conflict by identifying and assigning the role of the liberal institutions to local elites. Therefore, the main argument of the thesis is that the peace agreement between the Philippine government and the MILF is merely reshuffling the power within the archaic power structures of governance and political, economic and social life within the Philippines, without addressing the root causes of the conflict. Consequently, this will not lead to a long-term lasting peace in the Philippines.

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Nedelec, Cindy. "La littérature philippine de langue espagnole (1898-2008) : histoires et identités." Brest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BRES1009.

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Si l’on considère l’exophonie hispanique écrite, on peut y inclure les Philippines. En effet, au XVIe siècle, les Espagnols colonisent l’archipel et le castillan se mêle aux langues natives, et fait naître des langues hybrides et un sentiment d’appartenance hispanique : l’hispanité. En 1898, les USA s’imposent et les Philippins résistent en parlant et écrivant en espagnol et en langues natives. Grâce à la littérature, les natifs revendiquent les valeurs espagnoles, l’hispanité, le castillan, et expriment leur désir de retour de leurs valeurs originelles et donc de leur identité hispano-philippine. Dans leurs écrits, ils parlent aussi de leur désespoir, leur impression d’insignifiance face à la perte de cette identité et dénoncent les non-patriotes corrompus par les Américains. Ainsi, la poésie et le théâtre permettent de lutter pour conserver l’espagnol dans leur nation et prouvent que cette langue a beaucoup d’importance dans leur culture et leur histoire.

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Angeles, Jose Amiel. "As Our Might Grows Less: The Philippine-American War in Context." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/17888.

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The Philippine-American War has rarely been analyzed from the Filipino viewpoint. As a consequence, Filipino military activity is little known or misunderstood. This study aims to shed light on the Filipino side of the conflict. It does so by utilizing the Philippine Insurgent Records, which are the records of the Philippine government. More importantly, the thesis examines 300 years of Filipino history, starting with the Spanish conquest, in order to provide a framework for understanding Philippine military culture.

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Cadag, Jake Rom David. "A l'ombre du géant aigre-doux. Vulnérabilités, capacités et réduction des risques en contexte multiethnique : le cas de a région du Mont Kanlaon (Philippines)." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00985020.

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Les groupes ethniques minoritaires sont parmi les secteurs de la société qui sont menacés en permanence par des risques plus élevés de catastrophes. Le fondement d'un tel constat est les impacts négatifs disproportionnés de catastrophes passées. Il est de ce fait nécessaire d'intégrer tous les groupes ethniques en particuliers les minorités dans la réduction des risques de catastrophe (RRC). Pourtant, la communauté scientifique a peu étudié le rôle de l'ethnicité dans la vulnérabilité et la capacité des populations exposées à divers aléas. Ainsi les praticiens sur le terrain et les organisations non-gouvernementales (ONG), ne possèdent pas de méthodes et d'outils appropriés pour intégrer les minorités ethniques dans la RRC. En plus, des exemples de méthodologies et de politiques visant à rendre cet objectif opérationnel et institutionnalisés sont également limités. Cette étude vise à répondre à ces lacunes, en prenant l'exemple des communautés multiethniques autour de Mont Kanlaon situé sur l'île de Negros aux Philippines. La zone d'étude se caractérise par une grande diversité ethnique composé d'au moins trois grands groupes ethniques (Ilonggos, Cebuanos et Bukidnons). Les résultats de cette étude suggèrent que cette mosaïque constitue une dimension importante de la RRC puisque chaque groupe ethnique possède ses propres formes de vulnérabilité et de capacité face aux aléas volcaniques et d'autres origines. Ces minorités ethniques sont parmi les secteurs les plus vulnérables de la société philippine en raison de leur statut marginalisés. En outre, les résultats de cette étude suggèrent que chaque groupe ethnique possède des capacités issues en grande partie de ressources locales qui sont utiles aux fins de la RRC.

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46

Maranan, Joven G. "Countdown to martial law| The U.S.-Philippine relationship, 1969-1972." Thesis, University of Massachusetts Boston, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10160224.

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Between 1969 and 1972, the Philippines experienced significant political unrest after Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos’ successful reelection campaign. Around the same time, American President Richard Nixon formulated a foreign policy approach that expected its allies to be responsible for their own self-defense. This would be known as the Nixon Doctrine. This approach resulted in Marcos’ declaration of martial law in September 1972, which American officials silently supported. American officials during this time also noted Marcos’ serving of American business and military interests. Existing literature differed on the extent Marcos served what he thought were American interests. Stanley Karnow’s In Our Image noted that Marcos did not adequately serve American interests, noting that he sent an insignificant amount of soldiers to Vietnam. Karnow also did not mention business interests. Raymond Bonner’s Waltzing with a Dictator mentioned that Marcos was effective for serving American business and military interests. James Hamilton-Paterson’s America’s Boy agrees with Bonner’s assessment, also noting that Marcos served American business and military interests. Materials from the Digital National Security Archive (DNSA) and Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS) series affirmed Bonner and Hamilton-Paterson’s position, while noting that Karnow’s work was outdated because of the limited information he had when In Our Image was published. There are three issues that concerned the U.S.-Philippine relationship under President Marcos during this time. The first issue was the societal and political unrest that threatened to undermine Marcos. The second issue concerned U.S. officials’ application of the Nixon Doctrine to the Philippines. The third regarded President Marcos’ serving of military and business interests in the Philippines. Marcos supported maintaining America’s Filipino bases, which were important hubs of American military operations during the Vietnam War. In addition to military interests, President Marcos also aided American businesses in the Philippines, by removing restrictions that threatened American business activity. Each of these concerns led to President Marcos’ declaration of martial law. American officials’ tacit support for Marcos reflected their commitment to the Nixon Doctrine, which ensured political stability that preserved American business and military interests.

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47

Tranvaux, Annick. "Emergence du sentiment independantiste aux Philippines, au XIXème siècle." Bordeaux 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR30041.

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Un tres petit nombre d'espagnols etaient presents aux philippines. Pendant trois siecles et demi, la permanence de la souverainete espagnole fut assuree par l'influence des ordres religieux, charges des paroisses, dont le role spirituel s'accompagnait de fait d'un role administratif, le cure du village etant frequemment le seul espagnol du lieu. La langue espagnole ne semble guere avoir penetre les campagnes ou les religieux utilisaient plus volontiers les langues locales, mais a la fin du siecle le taux d'alphabetisation de la population etait plus favorable que celui enregistre en espagne a la meme epoque. D'abord opposes au clerge seculier philippin pour l'attribution des paroisses, les ordres religieux contribuerent a faire naitre chez ce dernier un sentiment de frustration. Ils furent ensuite la cible de campagnes virulentes de la part des francs-macons et du mouvement de la propaganda, compose de jeunes philippins, ayant eu acces aux etudes superieures et qui, tout en protestant de leur fidelite a l'espagne, reclamaient une veritable representation parlementaire, un certain nombre de reformes liberales et l'expulsion des ordres religieux, dont le roman du dr j. Rizal, noli me tangere, denoncait le comportement. L'exploitation feroce de colons philippins sur leurs vastes haciendas par les congregations, souvent denoncee, ne resiste pas a l'examen des chiffres. La lutte armee fut tardive et breve. En 1892, andres bonifacio crea une societe secrete le katipunan, dont l'organisation s'inspirait de la franc-maconnerie, mais dont le but etait la conquete de l'independance. L'insurrection generale eut lieu en aout 1896. Le 30 decembre 1896, les espagnols fusillerent le dr. Jose rizal. Contre le versement d'une forte indemnite, ils obtinrent, en decembre 1897, la fin des hostilites et l'exil a hong kong d'e. Aguinaldo et des principaux chefs de la rebellion. Quelques mois plus tard, les philippines etaient cedees aux etats unis par la signature du traite de paris.

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48

Maleterre, Philippe. "Contribution à l'étude géologique de la frontière occidentale de la plaque de la mer des Philippines : histoire sédimentaire, magmatique, tectonique et métallogénique d'un arc cénozoique déformé en régime de transpression : la Cordillère centrale de Luzon, à l'extrémité de la faille philippine, sur les transects de Baguio et de Cervantes-Bontoc : contexte structural et géodynamique des minéralisations épithermales aurifères." Brest, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BRES2020.

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Apartir du miocene moyen superieur, la tectonique et la sedimentation de la cordillere centrale de luzon (philippines) sont controlees par le jeu senestre de la faille philippine qui, au niveau de cette chaine, dessinent un duplex compressif. Six episodes volcaniques ont ete reconnus, les deux derniers s'accompagnant de mineralisations epithermales auriferes qui se deposent dans des zones distensives locales. Ce volcanisme est a relier a la subduction de la mer de chine meridionale, le long de la fosse de manille. L'histoire ancienne de cette chaine debute avant le miocene superieur par la mise en place d'ophiolite. De l'eocene superieur au miocene inferieur terminal, la cordillere centrale correspond a un arc, en relation avec une subduction a vergence probable ouest. L'intervalle miocene inferieur terminal a miocene moyen basal se marque par un arret de ce volcanisme, contrecoup d'une inversion de subduction

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49

Loyré-de-Hauteclocque, Ghislaine. "Une histoire des Maguindanaon est-elle possible ? : contribution à l'étude d'une éthnie musulmane aux Philippines dans les temps modernes." Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100049.

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Ce travail repose sur les sources occidentales et locales, essentiellement orales. Il se rattache à deux disciplines l'histoire et l'anthropologie. La recherche de la coutume (adat) dans le passé et dans le présent a permis d'envisager la société dans la longue durée, de façon globale et surtout en respectant la logique interne de la communauté. Les Maguindanaon sont installés dans une large vallée du lobe est de l'ile de Mindanao dont ils ont contrôlé la plus grande partie. En dépit de la rareté des sources, l'évolution de l'organisation et du fonctionnement de cette société ont été mis en valeur selon deux axes principaux : un axe politique et social et un axe spirituel. Nous avons ainsi pu remonter des origines de l'Etat à son déclin et à sa presque disparition incorporé à la république des Philippines. A travers la notion du prince, nous avons pu aborder l'empire avec ses régions contrôlées, les institutions de l'Etat avec ses membres officiels et les conseils de notables, les strates d'une société très hiérarchisée, les revenus et le système économique. L'islam a donné des structures à l'organisation politique. En dépit d'une expansion qui s'est étalée sur plusieurs siècles, il s'est inséré, dans presque tous les usages et les moments de la vie. La profondeur de l'islamisation s'est effectuée de manière discontinue affectant à divers degrés la coutume et les concepts des Maguindanaon. L'islam ne se répandit pas uniformément, mais seulement en fonction du rayonnement des différents missionnaires
This research lies on western sources as well as on local sources, mainly oral. It belongs to two disciplines: history and anthropology. The study of past and present custom (adat) enabled a perspective in the long duration and in a global view, hence respecting the internal logic of the community. The maguindanaon are settled in a wide valley in the western of the east of the island of Mindanao and they came to control most of this big island. In spite of the scarcity of sources, the evolution of the organization and of the functioning of this society has been reconstructed accordingly to two main axes: one is political and the other one is spiritual. Doing so we have been able to go back to the origins of the state and follow its development until its decline and its incorporation in the republic of the Philippines. Through the notion of the prince, we have been able to study the empire with the regions under its authority, the institutions of the state and their officers, the councils of elders, the stratas of a highly stratified society, the income of the prince and the economy. Islam gave its structures to the political organization. It penetrated almost all practices and moment of life. The depth of the islamization, which occurred in a discontinuous way. It had an effect at various degrees on maguidanaon custom and concepts. Because it took centuries to spread, it did not have a uniform influence in the different places of the area accordingly to the action of the missionaries. These religious and political notions are still part of contemporary actuality with autonomy which has been offered to the Muslims Filipinos in 1990, through which they obtain recognition of their political identity distinct from the population of the country which is mainly Christian

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Phillips, Matthew Todd. "The Millennium and the Madhouse: Institution and Intervention in Woodrow Wilson's Progressive Statecraft." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1310738105.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Philippines, history'

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