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1

Immerwahr, Daniel. "Philippine Independence in U.S. History." Pacific Historical Review 91, no. 2 (2022): 220–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2022.91.2.220.

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In 1946, the United States freed its largest colony, the Philippines. This article examines the decision-making behind that and argues that the road to freedom was not straight. The 1934 law scheduling independence was motivated mainly by protectionism, racism, and a sense that the Philippines was a military liability. Moreover, it contained many loopholes. Between its passage and the scheduled date for independence, Washington’s original reasons for freeing the Philippines had nearly all vanished, and high-ranking colonial officials sought to derail the independence process. Nevertheless, the
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2

Yu Jose, Lydia N. "The Koreans in Second World War Philippines: Rumour and history." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 43, no. 2 (2012): 324–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463412000082.

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‘Mas malupit ang mga Koreano kaysa mga Hapon’ is a rumour about Koreans in Second World War Philippines that has persisted to this day. A comparative, quantitative statement, it is roughly translated as ‘The Koreans committed more atrocities than the Japanese in Second World War Philippines’. This is a half-true memory: true, there were Koreans in the Philippines; false, they could not have committed more atrocities than the Japanese because there were very few of them, as archival evidence discussed in this article proves. If only the Koreans and their role in the war were properly discussed
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3

Magboo, O.P., Cecilio Vladimir. "Lucio Gutierrez, O.P. and the Study of the Christianization of the Philippines." Philippiniana Sacra 51, no. 153 (2016): 403–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.55997/ps2005li153a4.

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Fr. Lucio Peña Gutierrez, O.P. may be considered as having contributed significantly in the field of studies in the Ecclesiastical History of the Philippines and Philippine history in general. As a dedicated scholar, he campaigned for a more fair and objective view of the Philippine History. His studies tried to dispel a number of myths in the way the Spaniards carried out the evangelization and conquest of the Philippine Islands. He has shown that the experience of the Philippines is unique and the transformation of such scattered group of islands into a Christian nation could be considered o
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4

Campos, Patrick. "Early Cinema History and the Emergence of “Filipino” Film." Plaridel 10, no. 1 (2013): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.52518/2013.10.1-06cmps.

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A Review of Cine: Spanish Influences on Early Cinema in the Philippines (2003), Quezon City: National Commission for Culture and the Arts and Film: American Influences on Philippine Cinema (2011), Mandaluyong City: Anvil Publishing, Inc.
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5

Cabras, A. A., J. Villegas, A. Ponce, and M. N. D. Medina. "METAPOCYRTUS MADAYAW SP. N. (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE, ENTIMINAE), A NEW FLIGHTLESS WEEVIL FROM EASTERN MINDANAO, PHILIPPINES." Far Eastern entomologist 490 (November 2, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.25221/fee.490.1.

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The flightless weevil Metapocyrtus (Artapocyrtus) madayaw Cabras et Medina, sp. n. is described and illustrated from Davao Region in Mindanao Island, Philippines. Holotype and paratypes are deposited at the Philippine National Museum of Natural History (Manila, Philippines). Ecological notes on the new species are also provided.
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6

Stenberg (石峻山), Josh. "Xiqu in the Philippines: From Church Suppression to MegaMall Shows." Journal of Chinese Overseas 16, no. 1 (2020): 58–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341413.

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Abstract Evidence of xiqu (“Chinese opera”) in the Philippines begins in the early 16th century, when the Catholic church sought to suppress it. Despite its longevity, Philippine xiqu has not featured much in the multidisciplinary study of ethnic Chinese in the Philippines, nor as part of the global turn in xiqu research. This article, attending to the history and contemporary practice of xiqu, situates the Philippines and especially Manila firmly in the Hokkien network of Chinese theatre, especially in the period between the late nineteenth century and World War II. The Philippines were, and
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7

Grant, Paul. "Screening Place: Regional and Vernacular Cinemas in Cebu." Plaridel 17, no. 2 (2020): 23–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.52518/2020.17.2-02pgrant.

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The history of autonomous cultural production in the Philippines has been both blessed and cursed with a series of significant but contentious debates largely stemming from the nation’s historical battles with colonialism and how that experience problematized the concept of an easily definable national identity. Using geographical concepts surrounding place to open up new approaches to understanding local cultural production, this essay turns to Philippine cinema as a propaedeutic for this contested history and traces the emergence and difficulties of vernacular and regional cinemas in Cebu, P
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8

Donoso, Isaac. "Narrating Islamic Origins in the Philippines: From Princess Urduja to Alexander the Great." International Journal of Islam in Asia 2, no. 1 (2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25899996-20221031.

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Abstract Different disconnected stories have been associated with the origins of Islam in the Philippines, enforcing historical narratives that have avoid placing the lens on other facts. The story of Princess Urduja that Ibn Baṭṭūṭa included in his Riḥla, dominated the ethos of an Edenic past with Arabic connections. The Spanish concept of Reconquista and the articulation of the so-called ‘Moro Wars’ pervaded ad nauseam the Moro condition and the Philippine national construction. The presence of Alexander the Great in Philippine silsilas have certainly received unequal attention, without goin
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9

Aune, Stefan. "Indian Fighters in the Philippines." Pacific Historical Review 90, no. 4 (2021): 419–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2021.90.4.419.

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This article explores the connections between the violence that accompanied U.S. continental expansion in the nineteenth century and the Philippine-American War, which began in 1899 after Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States following the Spanish-American War. Perhaps geographic distance has served to mask the temporal proximity of these linked periods of U.S. expansion, because this is a connection that has remained largely unexplored in the historiography. Rather than viewing 1898 as a caesura marking the separation between the continental and global phases of American empire, th
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10

Piscos, James Lotero. "“Humanizing the Indios” Early Spanish missionaries’ struggles for natives’ dignity: Influences and impact in 16th Century Philippines." Bedan Research Journal 7, no. 1 (2022): 158–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.58870/berj.v7i1.36.

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Spanish conquest in the New World has two sides, evangelization, and colonization. The former was carried by the missionaries who were heavily influenced by Bartolome de Las Casa and Vitoria, while the latter by conquistadores, the defenders of the conquest. Early missionaries fought for the dignity of the Indios where they clashed with the motives of the conquistadores to exploit human resources. The problematic part was they have to work under the Spanish crown where their point of contact was also their area for friction. When they arrived in the Philippines, that social solidarity and dyna
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11

Lally, John, Rene M. Samaniego, and John Tully. "Mental health legislation in the Philippines: Philippine Mental Health Act." BJPsych International 16, no. 03 (2019): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bji.2018.33.

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The first mental health act legislation in the history of the Philippines has been officially signed into law and was enacted as the Republic Act no. 11036 on 21 June 2018. It provides a rights-based mental health bill and a comprehensive framework for the implementation of optimal mental healthcare in the Philippines. We review the principles and provisions of the Mental Health Act of 2017 and the implications for mental healthcare in the Philippines.
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12

Larena, Maximilian, Federico Sanchez-Quinto, Per Sjödin, et al. "Multiple migrations to the Philippines during the last 50,000 years." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 13 (2021): e2026132118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2026132118.

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Island Southeast Asia has recently produced several surprises regarding human history, but the region’s complex demography remains poorly understood. Here, we report ∼2.3 million genotypes from 1,028 individuals representing 115 indigenous Philippine populations and genome-sequence data from two ∼8,000-y-old individuals from Liangdao in the Taiwan Strait. We show that the Philippine islands were populated by at least five waves of human migration: initially by Northern and Southern Negritos (distantly related to Australian and Papuan groups), followed by Manobo, Sama, Papuan, and Cordilleran-r
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13

Hopkins, A. G. "The Philippines in Imperial History." Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 49, no. 4 (2021): 805–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03086534.2021.1957502.

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14

Rodríguez, Rebeca Fernández. "Lexicography in the Philippines (1600–1800)." Historiographia Linguistica 41, no. 1 (2014): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.41.1.01rod.

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Summary Spanish missionary lexicography in America and the Philippines is extensive and deserving of detailed research. In the Philippines, from 1600 up to 1898, more than fifty vocabularies were published in thirteen different languages. Alongside these are numerous vocabularies preserved only as manuscripts and others that are known to be lost. Following some recent publications on Philippine lexicography, in particular bibliographic surveys and studies of specific vocabularies (­García-Medall 2004, 2009; Sueiro Justel 2003; Fernández Rodríguez 2009, 2012), as well as Smith-Stark’s (2009) wo
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15

Indriani H. Ismail and Hasaruddin. "Modern Islam in Southeast Asia : Mindanao." International Journal Conference 1, no. 1 (2023): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.46870/iceil.v1i1.492.

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This research is entitled History of Modern Islam in Southeast Asia: Mindanao. The limitations of the discussion in this study are: 1) History of the Arrival of Islam in the Philippines, 2) Spanish Colonial Period, 3) United States Imperialism Period, 4) Transitional Period, 5) Post-Independence Period until now. It aims to find answers to the following questions: (1) What are the reasons behind their armed struggle and the search for secession? (2) What actions have been taken and are still being taken by the Philippine government to solve the problem of Muslim rebellion? This research was co
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16

Aquino, Belinda A. "The Philippines." Current History 85, no. 510 (1986): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.1986.85.510.155.

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17

Abella, Manolo I. "Labor Mobility, Trade and Structural Change: The Philippine Experience." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 2, no. 3 (1993): 249–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689300200302.

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This article addresses three questions: (1) Is the high rate of emigration of labor from the Philippines related to the country's trade policy? (2) Why have migration and accompanying remittances not made much of an impact on the growth and structure of the Philippine economy? (3) Would economic growth and structural change eventually curtail labor emigration? The Philippines' history of labor export and its economic development are contrasted with those of Asian NIEs which have adopted liberal trade regimes. Structural economic and demographic factors combined with an inward-looking industria
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18

Benitez, Christian Jil, and Phrae Chittiphalangsri. "Philippine philippine, or the Tropics in Cixous’s Dreaming True." eTropic: electronic journal of studies in the Tropics 22, no. 2 (2023): 33–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/etropic.22.2.2023.3973.

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Hélène Cixous’s oneiric ideation of the philippine (twin almond)—and by extension, her text Philippines (2009/2011)—primarily evokes love, or that force of attraction between two beings in which one can never say where each begins or ends. It is by the virtue of this entanglement that another philippine can be offered to this discourse: the Philippines that is that archipelago which encloses and opens up a particular location and reality within the tropics. This essay attempts to reconsider Cixous’s philippine via the Philippine, through dwelling on the stroke of homophony between these two si
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19

Damier, Vadim. "Isabelo de los Reyes and the Beginning of the Labour Movement in the Philippines." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 2 (2022): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640018556-9.

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The article focuses on the activities of the Filipino publicist, ethnographer, public, religious and political figure Isabelo de los Reyes (1864–1938). For the first time in Russian historiography, drawing upon de los Reyes' own works, it highlights his role in the movement for Philippine independence from Spain, in the formation of the labour movement, and in the initial dissemination of socialist ideas in the archipelago. A talented and prolific journalist, he rose to prominence among the progressive “ilustrados” - the educated class in the Spanish colony of the Philippines - at a v
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20

Villegas, Richard Ryan. "The Advent, Evolution Termination of the 1947 Military Bases Agreement and Its Influences to Philippine Military Foreign Policy." Research Probe 2, no. 1 (2022): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.53378/352882.

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The history of the Military Bases Agreement (MBA) between the US and the Philippines brings a dynamic view of Philippine foreign policy. The Philippine foreign policy has to change to respond to the changing needs of the changing times. Among the areas of foreign policy that is very significant is the military aspect as it provides social, economic advantages. This study aims to provide a historical overview of the MBA and its implication towards the adoption of a military foreign policy of the Philippines from 1947-1991. Explanations on how the MBA has shaped the Philippine foreign policies f
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21

Woods, Colleen. "Seditious Crimes and Rebellious Conspiracies: Anti-communism and US Empire in the Philippines." Journal of Contemporary History 53, no. 1 (2017): 61–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009416669423.

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This article details how US colonial policymakers and Filipino political elites, intent on fostering a non-revolutionary Philippine nationalism in the late 1920s and 1930s, produced an anti-communist politics aimed at eliminating or delegitimizing radical anti-imperialism. Communist-inspired, anti-imperial activists placed US imperialism in the Philippines within the framework of western imperialism in Asia, thereby challenging the anti-imperial ideology of the US empire. Americans and elite Filipinos met this challenge by repressing radical, anti-imperialist visions of Philippine independence
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22

Gonzales, Wilkinson Daniel Wong. "Language contact in the Philippines." Language Ecology 1, no. 2 (2017): 185–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/le.1.2.04gon.

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Abstract This article narrates the sociohistory of the Philippines through the lens of a Sinitic minority group – the Chinese Filipinos. It provides a systematic account of the history, language policies, and educational policies in six major eras, beginning from the precolonial period until the Fifth Republic (960 – present). Concurrently, it presents a diachronic narrative on the different linguistic varieties utilized by the ethnic minority, such as English, Hokkien, Tagalog, and Philippine Hybrid Hokkien (PHH). Following an exposition on how these varieties were introduced to the ecology i
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23

Terami-Wada, Motoe. "Lt. Shigenobu Mochizuki and the New Philippine Cultural Institute." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 27, no. 1 (1996): 104–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400010717.

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This paper illustrates the Japanese cultural policy towards the Philippines through the example of the New Philippine Cultural Institute, an educational institution created by the Japanese military to inculcate the Filipino youth with patriotism and to nurture the future leaders of the “New Philippines”. This organization developed later into a volunteer army which showed determination to fight against the returning U.S. forces.
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24

Teehankee, Julio Cabral. "Factional Dynamics in Philippine Party Politics, 1900–2019." Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 39, no. 1 (2020): 98–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1868103420913404.

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The Philippines is a rich case study in the examination of intra-party factions and factionalism in competitive party systems of Southeast Asia. Intra-party factionalism is a recurring, yet understudied, aspect of Philippine party politics. The factional nature of Philippine party politics has endured through time – from bifactionalism of the post-war two-party system to the multi-factionalism of the post-authoritarian multi-party system. All the major political parties that have dominated politics at different historical epochs have experienced intense factional splits. Intra-party factionali
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25

Kadir, Norizan. "Nasionalisme dan Perubahan Polisi Tuntutan Filipina ke atas Sabah Daripada Irredentisme Kepada Tuntutan Dorman, 1962–1998." Kajian Malaysia 40, no. 2 (2022): 197–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/km2022.40.2.9.

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The policy of the Philippines’ claim to Sabah is significantly influenced by the development of the Philippines’ internal politics and the ideology supported by its presidents. During the regimes of President Macapagal and President Marcos, the Philippines’ foreign policy towards Sabah was fundamentally influenced by the irredentism policy in order to claim that region. The claim over Sabah became the Philippines’ national agenda that was previously confined to the territorial issue of the Sulu Sultanate. The changes that transpired in the people’s struggle, especially since the administration
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26

Poblete, Joanna. "The S.S. Mongolia Incident." Pacific Historical Review 82, no. 2 (2012): 248–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2013.82.2.248.

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On December 23, 1910, the S.S. Mongolia arrived at the Port of Honolulu with 119 Filipinos aboard. The treatment of these passengers resulted in vigorous debates about Filipino labor mobility that impacted U.S.-Philippine relations, Hawaiian business needs, and health policies, as well as continental U.S. labor and sugar interests. From January through April 1911, officials in Washington, D.C., and the Philippines worked hard to stem fears about the health of Filipinos and maintain both the flow of these workers to Hawai‘i and the U.S.-Philippine political-legal relationship. Despite extensive
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27

Sales, Joy. "‘Activism is not a Crime’: Confronting Counterinsurgency in the Filipino Diaspora." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 29, no. 3 (2022): 300–332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-29030005.

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Abstract This article historicizes the transnational counterinsurgency that the U.S.-Philippine governments have conducted against diasporic Filipino/a/x activists. In examining the period of the Cold War to the early 2020s, it makes a case for recognizing existing continuities of counterinsurgency tactics targeted at Filipinos in the United States, such as extradition, deportation, surveillance, and assassination. The Philippine state’s resort to red-baiting during the Cold War and contemporary “red-tagging” has aimed at the elimination of communism and terrorism at home and beyond its nation
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28

Norman, M. D., and M. J. Sweeney. "The Shallow-water Octopuses (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) of the Philippines." Invertebrate Systematics 11, no. 1 (1997): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/it95026.

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The shallow-water octopuses of the Philippines are diagnosed on the basis of material collected in a series of expeditions by the Smithsonian Institution to the region between 1978 and 1990. Twenty species of shallow-water octopuses are recognised, 18 in the genus Octopus, and one species each in the genera Hapalochlaena and Cistopus. Three new species are described from Philippine waters: Octopus abaculus, O. nocturnus and O. pumilus. Octopuses reported in the earlier work of G. L. Voss on the cephalopod fauna of the Philippines are reviewed and identifications updated. A diagnostic key and i
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29

McCoy, Alfred W. "Philippines." Asian Studies Association of Australia. Review 9, no. 2 (1985): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03147538508712390.

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30

Danquah, Francis K. "Reports on Philippine Industrial Crops in World War II from Japan’s English Language Press." Agricultural History 79, no. 1 (2005): 74–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00021482-79.1.74.

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Abstract Japan’s occupation of Southeast Asia placed enormous stocks of the region’s industrial crops under Japanese control. English language Japanese newspaper reports from the Philippines suggest that the invaders grossly under-utilized this vast storehouse of agricultural wealth. Washington’s pre-war oil embargo severely crippled military and civilian transport services throughout the war, and Japan’s conversion of cane sugar into fuel alcohol and butane for aviation fuel failed to generate successful outcomes. Also, as the Pacific War eliminated cotton imports from the United States, Indi
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31

Luyt, Brendan. "Replacing the ideology of information by exploring domains of knowledge." Journal of Documentation 71, no. 6 (2015): 1289–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jd-11-2014-0162.

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Purpose – This paper examines the structure of Philippine historiography as viewed by Filipino historians. The purpose of this paper is to develop an understanding of the knowledge domain of Philippine history and in particular how its practitioners organize their field of study in terms of periodization. At the end of the paper an application of this analysis is proposed, the development of an online encyclopaedia of Philippine history. Design/methodology/approach – Interviews were arranged with willing historians at two of the premier institutions of higher learning in the Philippines: the A
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SERQUIÑA, OSCAR TANTOCO. "Documenting Theatrical and Performative Philippines: Possibilities of a Task and a Practice." Theatre Research International 44, no. 02 (2019): 196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883319000063.

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The writing of theatre history has been a challenging intellectual commitment in the Philippines. This mode of inquiry and inscription largely manifests more as a strand of general historiography than as a systematized and specialized critical practice in Philippine academe. No wonder, then, that Philippine theatre histories primarily come from academics whose disciplinary backgrounds are not solely in theatre arts per se but in a range of different but intersecting disciplines, such as film, literature, dance, anthropology, history and music. These historians have accounted for the medium's f
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33

Osorio, Chad Patrick. "Regulating the Regulators: Economic Assessment of Philippine Electricity Regulation." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 13, no. 3 (2023): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.14213.

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This paper seeks to analyze the regulatory framework of energy economics in the Philippines. It looks at the historical legal background of these regulations, seeking to understand how different factors contribute to the performance of the energy industry in the Philippines today. The first part provides the recent state of electricity in the Philippines, in contrast to other countries in comparatively the same circumstantial environments but with vastly different payment rates for electricity. The second part delves deeper and discusses its history, tracing the creation of landmark private in
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34

Jaojoco, Patrick. "The Missing Link." Enquiry The ARCC Journal for Architectural Research 20, no. 2 (2023): 116–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17831/enqarcc.v20i2.1160.

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For the vast majority of agricultural workers in the tenant peasantry class, the direct relation to a landscape valorized by a plantation economy is simultaneously a constantly mediated, ever-precarious economic relation to global capital. Since 1945, discourses of development have only deepened extractive and deeply unequal modes of governance and sociality in this context and across the Global South*. It is in this context that I aim to assess the politicized technics of precarity, weather prediction, and economics of agriculture in the Philippines under the authoritarian rule of Ferdinand M
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Trota Jose, Regalado. "Images of Dominican Saints and Blessed in the Philippines." Philippiniana Sacra 51, no. 152 (2016): 201–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.55997/ps3009li152pr2.

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The article is an attempt to highlight the role of the Dominicans in the history of Philippine art, which is more recognized in the field of architecture but much less in other media. With the exception of only a handful of pieces (a woodcut of San Pedro de Verona from Mexico, and maybe a couple of paintings perhaps from Spain), the works featured here were created in the Philippines for the use of Dominican missions and communities. Most of the artists were native Filipinos, although there are also some works by a few Chinese, Spanish, and even Italian artists. This is a reflection of the cos
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36

Aquino, Belinda A. "Democracy in the Philippines." Current History 88, no. 537 (1989): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.1989.88.537.181.

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37

Erasiah, Fikri Surya Pratama, Seskia, Cajuniati, and Indah Khairu Ummah. "A Historical Overview of Muslim Minority Identity and Positioning in the Philippines." Tsaqofah 21, no. 1 (2023): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32678/tsaqofah.v21i1.7966.

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The discriminatory treatment of the Philippine Muslim minority dates back hundreds of years due to Spanish colonial politics that were highly allergic to Islam. Furthermore, minority nationality and ethnicity issues relate to national integration, class struggle, and economic dispossession. This study aims to explain the historical forces that shaped the identity of the Filipino Muslim community. The research method used is the historical research method, where the collection of research sources is done by literature study. This research analysis uses a political history approach closely relat
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38

José, Ricardo T. "War and Violence, History and Memory: The Philippine Experience of the Second World War." Asian Journal of Social Science 29, no. 3 (2001): 457–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853101x00190.

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AbstractThe subject of War and Memory in the Philippines remains a sensitive topic in the Philippines today. Many controversial issues about the Second World War remain subjects of debate, among them collaboration with the Japanese; Japanese war responsibility; American responsibility for the failed defense of the Philippines, and others. In one sense, the war in the Philippines has left an ambiguous legacy which leads to conflicting war memories and commemorations, particularly in the light of present conditions and evolving relationships with the other countries involved.
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39

Yuk-Wai, Li. "The Chinese Resistance Movement in the Philippines During the Japanese Occupation." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 23, no. 2 (1992): 308–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400006202.

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The Chinese community in the Philippines before the outbreak of the Pacific War was relatively small and homogeneous in comparison with those in other Southeast Asian countries. When the Japanese occupied the Philippine islands, they found a Chinese community of less than one per cent of the total population. This small alien group did not appear to be a serious threat to the Japanese authorities. However, during the three and a half years of Japanese occupation, the Chinese maintained several guerrilla groups, which formed part of the resistance movement in the Philippines.
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40

Barrenechea, EmeritaA. "History of Nuclear Medicine in the Philippines." World Journal of Nuclear Medicine 12, no. 4 (2013): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1450-1147.119939.

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41

Roberts, B. R. "Archipelagic American Literary History and the Philippines." American Literary History 27, no. 1 (2014): 128–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/aju069.

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42

Espenilla, Jacqueline Joyce F. "Area-Based Marine Protection in the Philippines." Asia-Pacific Journal of Ocean Law and Policy 5, no. 1 (2020): 99–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24519391-00501006.

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The Philippines has had a long history of using marine protected areas (mpas) to achieve fishery and biodiversity conservation goals. mpas are “clearly defined geographical spaces, recognized, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values.” Within the scope of these definitions, Philippine mpas have taken the form of “no-take” marine sanctuaries, marine reserves where both extractive and non-extractive activities are allowed but regulated, and marine parks and protected seasc
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Layos, John King N., Ronel B. Geromo, Dinah M. Espina, and Masahide Nishibori. "Insights on the historical biogeography of Philippine domestic pigs and its relationship with continental domestic pigs and wild boars." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (2022): e0254299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254299.

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The Philippine archipelago was believed to have never been connected to the Asian continent even during the severe Quaternary sea-level drops. As a result, the history of domestic pig (Sus scrofa) dispersal in the Philippines remains controversial and must have some anthropogenic origin associated with human migration events. In this study, the context of origin, dispersal, and the level of genetic introgression in Philippine domestic pigs were deduced using mitochondrial DNA D-loop analysis altogether with domestic pigs and wild boar corresponding to their geographic origin. The results revea
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CENTENO CRISELLE J, MASANGKAY MIGUEL T, MENDOZA HANNAH ROSE S, MERCADO MARK ANTHONY S, NULUD MARY GRACE D, and PACHECO MA SOFIA I. "KaSAYSAYan: The integration of Philippine history as an interactive and informative mobile game application using unity game engine." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 18, no. 3 (2023): 543–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.18.3.1105.

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A positive outlook on learning is crucial in achieving one’s success. An apparent thing is that students lose motivation in learning Philippine History. They either find it hard to understand, or end up forgetting what they have learned when time goes by. The aim of this study is to create an Android-based adventure trivia game that teaches students about the Philippines while making it interactive. The content of the game is directly referenced from learner’s modules already implemented into the elementary curriculum.
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Amarante, Dennis. "A Survey of Literatures on Post-Vatican II Liturgical Reforms in the Philippines." Philippiniana Sacra 57, no. 173 (2022): 275–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.55997/2004pslvii173a4.

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Over the past decades, numerous studies by both Filipino and foreign scholars have been made on the history of the Church in the Philippines. Such studies will continue to appear especially that the Church in the Philippines had already undergone various historic milestones and events, beginning in the latter part of the 20th century, most notably those that occurred after the convocation of the Second Vatican Council. The convocation of Vatican II and the events that occurred as a result of it alone has opened an opportunity for scholars to study the various effects of the Council’s reforms i
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Dikarev, A. D. "Separatism in the Philippines: Islamist Terrorism, National Liberation or the Struggle for Resources?" Journal of International Analytics, no. 4 (December 28, 2017): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2017-0-4-46-52.

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The article highlights the history of separatist activities in the territory of Philippines, the struggle of Muslim minority inhabiting southern regions of the country, for autonomy and independence. This struggle has a constant trend to turn into military clashes with government troops and terrorist actions. The differences in the programs and actions of various political organizations of local Muslims are elucidated as well as ongoing attempts of the Philippine government to create Autonomous Region of the Muslim Mindanao, and most recently – larger Bangsamoro autonomy what will evidently de
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Tupas, T. Ruanni F. "History, language planners, and strategies of forgetting." Language Problems and Language Planning 27, no. 1 (2003): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.27.1.02tup.

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Many language planners and language scholars in the Philippines suffer from imperial amnesia — the inability or refusal to confront the complexity of history from which emerged various discourses on language and education in the country. Work on language planning is ideologically and politically positioned through various discursive strategies of forgetting. Forget the War. Forget the Pain. Forget the Fight. An examination of these strategies will enable us to understand why language planning practitioners in the Philippines argue the way they do concerning critical language issues in the coun
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Loyre, Ghislaine. "Philippines." Archipel 29, no. 1 (1985): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/arch.1985.2222.

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Yao, Chen. "Philippine Public School System During the American Rule (1901‒1935) ‒ From the Perspective of Global History and Soft Power." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2021, no. 12-3 (2021): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202112statyi77.

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This article analyzes the public school system established by the United States in the Philippines in 1901-1935 from the perspective of global history and soft power. It believes that the systematic public education of the United States in the Philippines is a colonial soft power policy. It had a profound impact on the modernization of the Philippines and the U.S.-Philippines relationship after World War II.
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Busquets, Anna. "Three Manila-Fujian Diplomatic Encounters: Different Aims and Different Embassies in the Seventeenth Century." Journal of Early Modern History 23, no. 5 (2019): 442–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342642.

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Abstract During the second half of the seventeenth century, there were at least three embassies between the Spaniards of Manila and the Fujian based Zheng regime. The first embassy took place in 1656 ordered by the Spanish governor in Manila. The ambassadors were two captains of the city, and its aim was to re-establish trade relations, which had been severed many months before. In response, Zheng Chenggong sent his cousin to the Philippine islands to settle several business arrangements regarding Fujianese trade. In 1662, Zheng Chenggong took the initiative of sending the Dominican Victorio R
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