Journal articles: 'Philippines in literature'

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Mutiarin, Dyah, Queenie Pearl V. Tomaro, and David N. Almarez. "The War on Drugs of Philippines and Indonesia: A Literature Review." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 9, no. 1 (February 17, 2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v9i1.14355.

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The paper explains the realities surrounding the Drug Wars of Indonesia and Philippines through a comparative lens. Analytically, the existing literature of both the Philippine case and Indonesian case about War on Drugs are scrutinized based on the context which depicts the severity of the drug problem; the strategies undertaken; the political figures of the Indonesian and Philippine Drug Wars, Joko Widodo and Rodrigo Duterte; and lastly, the criticisms surrounding the drug campaigns. Furthering the understanding of the prominent drug wars in Southeast Asia becomes crucial with the surrounding international controversies of the drug campaigns alongside the wide domestic support both campaigns have garnered.

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Gatil, Tranie Balderrama. "Translanguaging in Multilingual English Language Teaching in the Philippines: A Systematic Literature Review." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 4, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2021.4.1.6.

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The debate on language preference in English language teaching in a multilingual setting has stirred the traditional monolingual “English Only Policy” in the Philippines. As a result, the Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE) was institutionalized in 2009. The question still lies as to the multilingual teaching practices employed in the Philippine schools. This study was conducted in order to review the translanguaging strategies of teachers in teaching English in the Philippines. It utilized the qualitative approach using systematic literature review. 14 papers were initially examined using 4 inclusion and exclusion criteria. 7 papers have qualified and selected as samples. The findings of the literature review showed that: 1.) Both natural and official translanguaging are employed in ELT and 2.) Translanguaging bridges the linguistic gap of learner’s L1, L2 and the target language, which in common in a linguistically diverse country such the Philippines. Future researches may look at building a theoretical framework of translanguaging as a language teaching pedagogy in mainstream education.

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Rahmat, Hayatul Khairul, Rizkia Mutiara Ramadhani, Nurbaiti Ma'rufah, Fitri Andrianti Indah Gustaman, Siswo Hadi Sumantri, and Agus Adriyanto. "BANTUAN CHINA BERUPA ALAT UJI CEPAT COVID-19 KEPADA FILIPINA: PERSPEKTIF DIPLOMACY AND INTERNATIONAL LOBBYING THEORY." Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Sosial 30, no. 1 (June 18, 2020): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jpis.v30i1.10623.

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This article aims to explain the objectives to be achieved by China related to the assistance give to the Philippines and the response that the Philippines should have done in responding. This paper used the literature study method with a descriptive approach. As for the findings of this paper, related to the theory of diplomacy and international lobbying, assistance provided by China to the Philippines is a tool used to achieve China's own interests and will have an influence on subsequent policy makers regarding maritime conflicts between China and the Philippines. Steps that needed to be taken by the Philippines are to maintain diplomatic relations with China, especially in the economic field because the Philippines economy is strongly supported by China and also strengthen its territorial defense and increase Philippine intelligence activities.

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Vista, Alvin. "Equity in cross-cultural gifted screening from a Philippine perspective." Gifted Education International 31, no. 3 (March 19, 2014): 232–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261429414526657.

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This paper discusses issues on cross-cultural gifted screening from a Philippine perspective. Research on gifted education in the Philippines, and Southeast Asia in general, is still nascent. The main focus of this review of literature is on equity of the gifted education screening process across wide socioeconomic, cultural, and linguistic differences within the student population. On account of the relative lack of specific literature on Philippine gifted education, this review links the findings in gifted education research from Western-based countries and relates the findings to the Philippine context. For example, although the Philippines do not have as much of an issue of racial inequity in schools as the United States, the same inequity because of socioeconomic factors can be tackled similarly. The implication of alternative assessments, and their utility in cross-cultural gifted education, are also examined.

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San Martin, Peter, Joseph Chua, Ralph Bautista, Jennifer Nailes, Mario Panaligan, and David Dance. "Melioidosis in the Philippines." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 3, no. 3 (September 5, 2018): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed3030099.

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The first documented case of melioidosis in the Philippines occurred in 1948. Since then, there have been sporadic reports in the literature about travelers diagnosed with melioidosis after returning from the Philippines. Indigenous cases, however, have been documented rarely, and under-reporting is highly likely. This review collated all Philippine cases of melioidosis published internationally and locally, as well as unpublished case series and reports from different tertiary hospitals in the Philippines. In total, 25 papers and 41 cases were identified. Among these, 23 were indigenous cases (of which 20 have not been previously reported in the literature). The most common co-morbidity present was diabetes mellitus, and the most common presentations were pulmonary and soft tissue infections. Most of the cases received ceftazidime during the intensive phase, while trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was given during the eradication phase. The known mortality rate was 14.6%, while 4.9% of all cases were reported to have had recurrence. The true burden of melioidosis in the country is not well defined. A lack of awareness among clinicians, a dearth of adequate laboratories, and the absence of a surveillance system for the disease are major challenges in determining the magnitude of the problem.

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Quintero, Genevieve Jorolan, and Connie Makgabo. "Animals as representations of female domestic roles in selected fables from the Philippines and South Africa." Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in the South 4, no. 1 (April 28, 2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/sotls.v4i1.121.

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South Africa and the Philippines are home to a number of indigenous groups whose cultures and traditions have not been tainted by centuries of colonization. This paper compares the pre-colonial literature of cultural communities in two countries, where one is part of a continent (South Africa) while the other is an archipelago (the Philippines). Despite the differences in their geographical features, the two countries share common experiences: 1) colonized by European powers; 2) have a significant number of indigenous communities; 3) a treasury of surviving folk literature. Published African and Philippine folktales reveal recurring images and elements. One of these is the use of animals as characters, performing domestic tasks in households, and representing gender roles. This paper compares how animal characters portray feminine characteristics and domestic roles in selected fables from South Africa and the Philippines, specifically on the commonalities in the roles of the female characters. The research highlights the relevance of recording and publishing of folk literature, and the subsequent integration and teaching thereof within basic and higher education curricula.Key words: Indigenous, Cultural communities, fables, folk literature, Philippine folk tales, South African folk talesHow to cite this article:Quintero, G.J. & Makgabo, C. 2020. Animals as Representations of Female Domestic Roles in selected fables from the Philippines and South Africa. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in the South. v. 4, n. 1, p. 37-50. April 2020. Available at:https://sotl-south-journal.net/?journal=sotls&page=article&op=view&path%5B%5D=121This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Powell, Tamara M., and E. San Juan. "The Philippine Temptation: Dialectics of Philippines-U. S. Literary Relations." MELUS 24, no. 4 (1999): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/468184.

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Li, Chun-Lin, Jan Krikken, and Chuan-Chan Wang. "Review of the genus Bolbochromus (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea, Geotrupidae, Bolboceratinae) in the Philippines." ZooKeys 842 (May 7, 2019): 135–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.842.32315.

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The genus Bolbochromus Boucomout, 1909 from the Philippines is reviewed for the first time. Six species in two subgenera, Metabolbochromus Krikken & Li, 2013 and Bolbochromus, including three new species, Bolbochromus (Bolbochromus) jengi Li & Krikken, sp. n., Bolbochromus (Bolbochromus) luzonensis Li & Krikken, sp. n., and Bolbochromus (Bolbochromus) setosifrons Li & Wang, sp. n., are described with diagnoses, illustrations, distributional data and remarks. A key for the identification of Philippine species is provided. An annotated checklist of the genus in the Philippines is given with information for each species including literature review, synonymy, distribution, and type locality.

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Arong, Marie Rose B. "Nick Joaquin’s Cándido’s Apocalypse: Re-imagining the Gothic in a Postcolonial Philippines." Text Matters, no. 6 (November 23, 2016): 114–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/texmat-2016-0007.

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Nick Joaquin, one of the Philippines’ pillars of literature in English, is regrettably known locally for his nostalgic take on the Hispanic aspect of Philippine culture. While Joaquin did spend a great deal of time creatively exploring the Philippines’ Hispanic past, he certainly did not do so simply because of nostalgia. As recent studies have shown, Joaquin’s classic techniques that often echo the Hispanic influence on Philippine culture may also be considered as a form of resistance against both the American neocolonial influence and the nativist brand of nationalism in the 1950s and 1960s. Despite the emergence of Gothic criticism in postcolonial writing, Joaquin’s works have rarely received the attention they deserve in this critical area. In this context, this paper explores the idea of the Gothic in Joaquin’s writing and how it relates to Joaquin being the “most original voice in postcolonial Philippine writing.” In 1972, the University of Queensland Press featured Joaquin’s works in its Asian and Pacific writing series. This “new” collection, Tropical Gothic (1972), contained his significant early works published in Prose and Poems (1952) plus his novellas. This collection’s title highlights a specific aspect of Joaquin’s writing, that of his propensity to use Gothic tropes such as the blending of the real and the fantastic, or the tragic and the comic, as shown in most of the stories in the collection. In particular, I examine how his novella (Cándido’s Apocalypse) interrogates the neurosis of the nation—a disconnection from the past and its repercussions on the present/future of the Philippines.

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ORTUÑO CASANOVA, Rocío. "FILITERATURA: BASE DE DATOS RELACIONAL EN HEURIST DE LITERATURA EN ESPAÑOL EN FILIPINAS Y SOBRE FILIPINAS." Signa: Revista de la Asociación Española de Semiótica 30 (January 6, 2021): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/signa.vol30.2021.29300.

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Resumen: Filipinas ha sido siempre un tema marginal en los estudios hispánicos. Sin embargo, la producción en español desde y sobre la excolonia fue abundante y tuvo cierta trascendencia política y cultural durante la Edad de Plata. Para dar visibilidad a esta literatura y asentar las bases de una historia de la literatura filipina y sobre Filipinas en español, se ha creado Filiteratura. Filiteratura es una base de datos relacional construida en Heurist que reúne literatura comprendida en lo que hoy se conoce como filipiniana: obras en español publicadas en Filipinas (por filipinos o no) y obras en español publicadas sobre Filipinas en cualquier otro lugar del mundo entre 1850 y 1973. La base de datos conecta con diversas bibliotecas y repositorios físicos y online para facilitar el acceso y el estudio cuantitativo de estas obras. Asimismo, incluye información relacionada con los autores y sus obras como periódicos, imprentas y premios literarios, que permiten una reconstrucción del campo literario en torno a Filipinas y la conexión con otros proyectos sobre bibliografía, prensa periódica y traducción en el mundo hispánico.Abstract: The Philippines has always been a marginal topic in Hispanic Studies. However, between 1868 and 1936, there was a relevant amount of literary production in Spanish about and from the ex colony. It had some political and cultural importance as well. Filiteratura has been created in order to make this literature visible and to set the grounds for a History of Literature in Spanish from and about the Philippines. It is a relational database built on Heurist that gathers filipiniana literature, that is, works in Spanish published in the Philippines (by Filipinos or by other nationals), and works in Spanish about the Philippines published in any other place in the world, between 1850 and 1973. The relational database connects with several libraries and online repositories to facilitate the access and study of these works. It also includes information related to other components of the literary field such as newspapers, publishers and literary awards to which authors and works are connected. This allows a reconstruction of the literary field around the Philippine and linkages with other projects about bibliography, periodical press and translation in the hispanic world.

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Batalla, Eric Vincent Celestial. "Police corruption and its control in the Philippines." Asian Education and Development Studies 9, no. 2 (November 19, 2019): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeds-05-2018-0099.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse police corruption in the Philippines and to assess measures to control it. Design/methodology/approach The paper identifies the causes of police corruption and assesses anti-corruption measures adopted by the Philippine National Police and other agencies. The paper utilizes surveys, interviews, reported cases and official documents to determine the extent of police corruption, identify its causes and assess the effectiveness of anti-corruption measures. Findings Police corruption is systemic in the Philippines. Political and economic circumstances, both historical and contemporary, combined with weak internal controls and other inadequate anti-corruption measures perpetuate systemic police corruption. Originality/value The paper contributes to the academic literature on police corruption in the Philippines. It would be of interest to policymakers, scholars, as well as anti-corruption and development practitioners who are involved in institutional and governance reforms.

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Loyre, Ghislaine. "Philippines." Archipel 29, no. 1 (1985): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/arch.1985.2222.

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Lifshey, Adam. "The Literary Alterities of Philippine Nationalism in José Rizal's El filibusterismo." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 123, no. 5 (October 2008): 1434–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2008.123.5.1434.

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The seminal novels of the Philippines, José Rizal's Noli me tangere (1887) and El filibusterismo (1891), are written in Spanish, a language that began evaporating in the archipelago when the United States defeated Spain in the Spanish-American War in 1898 and imposed English as a lingua franca. Where does a foundational author like Rizal fit in a discussion of globalized literatures when the Philippines are commonly framed as a historical and cultural hybrid neither quite Asian nor quite Western? In Rizal's El filibusterismo, the Philippines are an inchoate national project imagined not in Asia but amid complex allusive dynamics that emanate from the Americas. Rizal and his novel, like the Philippine nation they inspired, appear in global and postcolonial frameworks as both Asian and American in that epistemes Eastern and Western, subaltern and hegemonic, interact in a ceaseless flow that resists easy categorization.

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Cixous, Hélène. "Philippines: Sweet Prison." Oxford Literary Review 30, no. 2 (December 2008): 257–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e030514980800031x.

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Amoroso, Donald, Ricardo Lim, and Francisco L. Roman. "The Effect of Reciprocity on Mobile Wallet Intention." International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 12, no. 2 (April 2021): 57–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabim.20210401.oa4.

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The authors build on the literature on reciprocity by exploring a prevalent social and economic phenomenon in the Philippines where individuals with positive mobile phone balances can SMS loads to acquaintances. This practice is known as “pasaload”—an abbreviation of Pass-A-Load. The research was designed based on the literature review that in turn resulted in a research model that focused on six constructs: reciprocity, loyalty, habit, switching costs, trust, and future repurchase. Hypotheses were developed as the basis for a scaled survey of 1050 Philippine smartphone users, with the questions adapted from but adhering closely to the original questions from appropriate articles in the literature review. Overall the mediating effects from the two models are consistent with the expectations from the literature and analysis. In the Philippine context, habit might be a strong mediator even if the true financial and convenience costs to switch is low.

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Lesho, Marivic. "Philippine English (Metro Manila acrolect)." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 48, no. 3 (December 18, 2017): 357–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100317000548.

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English is an official language in the Philippines, along with Filipino, a standardized register originally based on Tagalog (Gonzalez 1998). The Philippines were a Spanish colony for over three centuries, but when the Americans took control in 1898, they immediately implemented English instruction in schools (Gonzalez 2004). It became much more widespread among Filipinos than Spanish ever was, and by the late 1960s, Philippine English was recognized as a distinct, nativized variety (Llamzon 1969). It is widely spoken throughout the country as a second language, alongside Filipino and approximately 180 other languages (Lewis, Simmons & Fennig 2016). It is also spoken in the home by a small number of Filipinos, especially among the upper class in Metro Manila (Gonzalez 1983, 1989) and other urban areas. There is a large body of literature on Philippine English. However, relatively few studies have focused on its sound system. The most detailed phonological descriptions of this variety have been by Tayao (2004, 2008), although there have also been previous sketches (Llamzon 1969, 1997; Gonzalez 1984). There has been very little phonetic research on Philippine English, apart from some work describing the vowel system (Pillai, Manueli & Dumanig 2010, Cruz 2015).

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DUMILAG, RICHARD V., ZAE-ZAE A. AGUINALDO, CYNTHIA B. MINTU, MYRNA P. QUINTO, EVELYN C. AME, ROLANDO C. ANDRES, WILBERTO D. MONOTILLA, et al. "A review of the current taxonomic status of foliose Bangiales (Rhodophyta) in the Philippines." Phytotaxa 312, no. 1 (July 4, 2017): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.312.1.3.

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Causes of taxonomic confusion are lamentably well known in foliose Bangiales. A magnitude of these uncertainties stems from the paucity of available taxonomic traits in morphologically homoplastic species. At present, the taxonomic identity and systematics of many of the Philippine foliose Bangiales are in a state of flux. A critical examination of published literature on Philippine records of 10 species of foliose Bangiales has rendered the need for re-confirmation of the presence of Porphyra atropurpurea, Porphyra marcosii, Pyropia denticulata, and Pyropia suborbiculata while records of Porphyra umbilicalis, Pyropia vietnamensis, Wildemania variegata, and the invalid name Porphyra crispata have been omitted from the list. Currently, there are only two confirmed species of foliose Bangiales in the Philippines, which are Pyropia acanthophora and Pyropia tanegashimensis. Thus, this review exhorts a re-examination of collected Philippine foliose Bangiales materials using both morphological and molecular analysis.

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Burguillos, Je-Al, and Danny Cassimon. "Determinants of Inter-Regional Financial Inclusion Heterogeneities in the Philippines." Asian Development Policy Review 9, no. 2 (September 9, 2021): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.107.2021.92.83.94.

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This study tries to contribute to the vast literature on promoting financial inclusion in Asia by exploring the key factors that affect the deepening of financial inclusion across the 17 regions of the Philippines for the period between 2013 and 2017. Using the regional multidimensional financial inclusion index (FII) that is developed by the Philippine central bank, the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP), the study finds out that significant heterogeneities exist among regions, and that they persist over the period analyzed, suggesting most importantly that the least financially inclusive regions do not show rapid significant progress. Moreover, using different panel estimation techniques, we try to determine the possible factors that affect this inter-regional financial inclusion heterogeneities. Overall, we show that regional GDP per capita, population, a proxy for the availability of physical infrastructure, and the degree of mobile penetration are among the robust factors explaining the financial inclusion variations across these regions in the Philippines for the observed period.

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SERQUIÑA, OSCAR TANTOCO. "Documenting Theatrical and Performative Philippines: Possibilities of a Task and a Practice." Theatre Research International 44, no. 02 (July 2019): 196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883319000063.

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The writing of theatre history has been a challenging intellectual commitment in the Philippines. This mode of inquiry and inscription largely manifests more as a strand of general historiography than as a systematized and specialized critical practice in Philippine academe. No wonder, then, that Philippine theatre histories primarily come from academics whose disciplinary backgrounds are not solely in theatre arts per se but in a range of different but intersecting disciplines, such as film, literature, dance, anthropology, history and music. These historians have accounted for the medium's forms, geographies of production and performance, material aspects, lead practitioners, groups or organizations, and historical periods. They have thus far yielded a congeries of print materials: from the encyclopedia to the anthology or reader, the survey, up to the full-length book manuscript. More recently, theatre histories have also appeared in online catalogues or digital repositories.

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Acal, Dale Ann P., Jürgen Wiesner, Olga M. Nuñeza, and Radomir Jaskuła. "Tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae) of Northern Mindanao region (Philippines): checklist, distributional maps, and habitats." ZooKeys 1017 (February 12, 2021): 37–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1017.34500.

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The knowledge about tiger beetle fauna of the Northern Mindanao region (Philippines) is summarized based on literature data and new records. Thirty species classified in ten genera (Tricondyla, Neocollyris, Protocollyris, Therates, Prothyma, Heptodonta, Thopeutica, Lophyra, Calomera, and Cylindera) were documented from the area (56% of tiger beetle fauna of Mindanao and 21% of Philippine species). Twelve species were noted from Northern Mindanao region for the first time, including five taxa, Neocollyris speciosa, Calomera angulata, Cylindera minuta, Lophyra striolata tenuiscripta, and Thopeutica virginea, not recorded from Mindanao before. Distribution maps for all recorded species and the first photographs of habitats for some species in Mindanao and/or in the Philippines are provided. Eight species (27% of recorded fauna) were noted from riverine habitats while 18 tiger beetles (60%) were typical forest taxa; in the case of four species, their habitats in Northern Mindanao region are not known.

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Benitez, Christian Jil. "On the Weariness of Time: El Niño in the Philippines." eTropic: electronic journal of studies in the Tropics 20, no. 2 (September 10, 2021): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/etropic.20.2.2021.3819.

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As a rehearsal of a “tropical imaginary” that attempts to accentuate the entanglement of literature with the material world, this essay ‘coincides’ Jose F. Lacaba’s 1965 poem “Ang Kapaguran ng Panahon” (“The Weariness of Time”) with the 2015 El Niño phenomenon in the Philippines and its violent culmination the following year in Kidapawan City, Cotabato Province, Mindanao. While time or panahon in the Philippine tropics is usually intuited as generative, this essay outlines the possibility of its being worn down, not simply as a “natural” consequence of the present climate emergency, but as a critical outcome of the predominant political infrastructures that practically prohibit the phenomenon of time from unfolding. As such, it becomes imperative to recognize that beyond the current conditions banally imposed as “arog talaga kayan” or “how things really are” is the urgent need for social reform—daring tropical imaginings through which Philippine time can possibly become anew.

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Hara, Tamiki. "Beyond Personalistic Politics: A Progressive Congresswoman’s Challenge to a Political Dynasty in Dinagat Islands, Philippines." Philippine Political Science Journal 42, no. 1 (July 16, 2021): 30–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2165025x-bja10014.

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Abstract Political dynasties remain powerful in Philippine politics to this day. However, in recent years, the Philippines has experienced some significant transformations in the realm of traditional politics. Some politicians have emerged at the local level willing to confront those supported by dynastic politics. Since most literature on Philippine politics have emphasized the durability of elite domination, such changes have not yet been fully studied. This article addresses how progressive politics evolves in contention with a political dynasty based on a qualitative, exploratory case study approach by highlighting the case of Dinagat Islands where a progressive congresswoman who ran for Congress defeated a candidate from an entrenched political dynasty by practicing programmatic governance. It explores how government capacity to respond to demands of the people can be improved. As a result of this, the article clarifies a new, though not common, dynamic of Philippine politics in the 2010s and provides important implications for the possibility of future political development and theorizing in the country.

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Aguirre, Evelyn B., and Solomon D. Faller. "Lived Stories of Mid-Career Teachers: Their Struggles with Millennial Learners in the Philippines." Journal of Educational and Social Research 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jesr-2018-0005.

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Abstract This study aimed to explore the teaching-learning congruence between mid-career teachers and millennial learners which remains a global challenge. After 15-30 years of teaching, they face issues on self-absorption with great desire to develop themselves instead of mentoring others. In the Philippines, they resort to printed learning materials, while the millennials are highly addicted to technology and ecopies. Self-reflected learning is dominant in mid-career teachers, while collaborative learning works well with millennial learners. The said divide in their teaching and learning strategies results to constant struggles among mid-career teachers. In Australia and some countries, there is scanty literature on midcareer teachers. This phenomenological case study in a Philippine teaching university unraveled their day-to-day struggles as they coped and bridged the teaching-learning divide. Results can usher in a paradigm shift in mid-career teachers teaching as well as produce policy enablers with capacity building to manage millennials as top priority in the Philippines, in Asia and abroad.

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Flores, Lorenzo Jaime Yu, Ramon Rafael Tonato, Gabrielle Ann dela Paz, and Valerie Gilbert Ulep. "Optimizing health facility location for universal health care: A case study from the Philippines." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 9, 2021): e0256821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256821.

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Site selection of health facilities is critical in ensuring universal access to basic healthcare services. However, in many low and middle-income countries (LMICs) like the Philippines, site selection is traditionally based on political and pragmatic considerations. Moreover, literature that demonstrates the application of facility location models in the Philippine healthcare setting remains scarce, and their usage in actual facility planning is even more limited. In this study, we proposed a variation of cooperative covering maximal models to identify the optimal location of primary care facilities. We demonstrated the feasibility of implementing such a model by using open source data on an actual city in the Philippines. Our results generated multiple candidate locations of primary care facilities depending on the equity and efficiency parameters. This approach could be used as one of the critical considerations in evidence-based, multi-criterion health facility location decisions of governments, and can also be adapted in other industries, given the model’s use of readily available open source datasets.

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Goh, Daniel P. S. "EMPIRE'S PROXY: AMERICAN LITERATURE AND U.S. IMPERIALISM IN THE PHILIPPINES." Ethnic and Racial Studies 35, no. 4 (April 2012): 778–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2011.639791.

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Donoso, Isaac. "«Cabayong tabla: estudi i traducció d'un romanç filipí del regne de València (II)»." Revista de Literatura Medieval 29 (December 21, 2018): 13–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/rpm.2017.29.0.69405.

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Resumen: Introducció a la conformació del romacer de tradició hispànica a les illes Filipines i la presència del Regne de València com espai literari en una literatura asiàtica. Al treball acompanya la descripció i traducció directa des del bicolà al valencià d’un dels principals romanços filipins que tracten del Regne de Valencia: Cabayong Tabla. Buhay ni Principe don Juan Asin ni Princesa Dña. Maria Sa Cahadean nin Valencia asin Asturias –«Cavall de Taula»–, text per primera vegada traduït a qualsevol llengua. Així mateix, analitzem les fonts i descrivim la història argumental i la presència de València al Romancer filipí con a treball comparatista que puga donar llum a la formalització del classicisme en les Lletres Filipines des de la literatura medieval de tradició hispànica.Palabras clave: Romancer hispànic, awit i corrido, Filipines, Regne de València, literatura hispànica, bicolà.Abstract: The paper introduces the development of the Philippine metrical romances from the Hispanic tradition and the presence of the Kingdom of Valencia as Asian literary topic. It is supplied with the first translation ever done from the original Bicolano into Catalan of one of the most relevant romances dealing with the Valencian topic: Cabayong Tabla. Buhay ni Principe don Juan Asin ni Princesa Dña. Maria Sa Cahadean nin Valencia asin Asturias –«Wooden Horse». We analyse the sources and the plot of the romance in order to compare and enlight the genesis of Philippine Classical Literature with the Medieval Hispanic Romancero.Keywords: Hispanic Romancero, Philippine Metrical Romances, awit and corridor, Philippines, Kingdom of Valencia, Bicolano.

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Palomar, Al Camus, and Paulino Lim. "Sparrows Don't Sing in the Philippines." World Literature Today 69, no. 3 (1995): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40151584.

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Menozo, Paolo. "Reality Bites: A Systematic Literature Review of K to 12 English Language Teaching in the Philippines." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 3, no. 12 (December 30, 2020): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2020.3.12.11.

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Language teaching in the Philippines has been rapidly evolving since the K to 12 Curriculum was passed into law in 2013. However, the question lies on whether this evolution has made significant impacts over the years among Filipino language learners. This study was conducted in order to examine the status of English language teaching in the Philippines. It utilized the qualitative approach using systematic literature review (SLR). 21 papers were placed under careful scrutiny using 4 inclusion and exclusion criteria. As a result, 10 papers have qualified and were selected as samples. The findings of this literature review reveal that the K to 12 English language teaching in the Philippines apparently 1.) fails to satisfy both the students’ and teachers’ ESL teaching and learning needs and that 2.) the curriculum lacks the sense of direction in content and practice. However, further studies are suggested to validate these results.

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Paolo Quina, Francis. "Making Space for Myth: Worldbuilding and Interconnected Narratives in Mythspace." Southeast Asian Review of English 58, no. 1 (July 12, 2021): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/sare.vol58no1.4.

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The comics medium has long proven to be fertile ground for worldbuilding, spawning not only imaginary worlds but multiverses that have become international transmedial franchises. In the Philippines, komiks (as it is called locally) has provided the Filipino popular imagination with worlds populated by superheroes, super spies, supernatural detectives, and creatures from different Philippine mythologies. The komiks series Mythspace, written by Paolo Chikiamco and illustrated by several artist-collaborators, takes the latter concept, and launches it into outer space. Classified by its own writer as a “Filipino space opera” consisting of six loosely interconnected stories, Mythspace presents a storyworld where the creatures of Philippine lower mythologies are based on various alien species that visited the Philippines long ago. The article will examine the use of interconnected narratives as a strategy for worldbuilding in Mythspace. Drawing from both subcreation and comic studies, this article posits that interconnected narratives is a worldbuilding technique particularly well-suited to comics, and that the collaborative nature of the medium allows for a diversity of genres and visual styles that can be used by future komiks creators to develop more expansive storyworlds.

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Bascara, V. "God's Arbiters: Americans and the Philippines, 1898-1902 / Empire's Proxy: American Literature and US Imperialism in the Philippines." American Literature 86, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00029831-2395447.

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Personnaz, Damien. "Les Basques aux Philippines." Archipel 31, no. 1 (1986): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/arch.1986.2278.

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De Torres, Ryan Q. "Facilitators and barriers to condom use among Filipinos: A systematic review of literature." Health Promotion Perspectives 10, no. 4 (November 7, 2020): 306–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/hpp.2020.49.

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Background: Between 2010 and 2018, the Philippines had a 203% increase in new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. The use of condoms is an effective and practical means to prevent HIV transmission. The purpose of this study was to identify facilitators and barriers to condom use among Filipinos guided by the Ecological Model of Health Promotion. Methods: A systematic review of literature using electronic databases was performed using the following keywords: "condom," "Filipinos," and "Philippines." To be included in this review, papers should be (1) research studies, (2) studies that examined condom use, and (3) studies that sampled Filipinos residing in the Philippines. The final sample comprised of 27 articles. Results: Multiple and interrelated factors at the individual and social environment levels influence condom use among different groups of Filipinos. Majority of these factors originated at the intrapersonal level. Some of the facilitators to condom use were knowledge on HIV, higher perceived HIV risk, peer support, positive manager attitude, health provider engagement, and city ordinances. In contrast, some of the barriers to condom use were discomfort and displeasure on condom use, low parental communication, lack of sex education, social stigma, and the high price of condoms. Conclusion: A collaborative, culturally-sensitive, and population-specific approach is essential to develop and implement acceptable, sustainable, and successful condom use interventions.

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Prakapovich, Nina Vladimirovna. "Role of education in the concept of the “New Society” of the authoritarian regime of Ferdinand Marcos in the Philippines (1972-1982)." RUDN Journal of World History 12, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 222–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2020-12-3-222-235.

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Russian historiography pays considerable attention to the economic and political modernization of the life of the Philippine archipelago, starting from the time of Spaniards, then, American colonization and ending with the era of independence. However, the educational policy on which, on the one hand, the successes of the political and socio-economic modernization of the Philippines have been based throughout the country’s history, and on the other, which by the beginning of the 21st century has become a serious obstacle to economic independence and the establishment of national self-identity, are undeservedly ignored by domestic researchers. The author of this article in previous works has already made attempts to identify the features of the educational policy of Spaniards and Americans in the Philippines, as well as of the independent Philippine governments in the first decades after the end of World War II. But no less interesting is the era of the authoritarian regime of the President of the Philippines, Ferdinand Marcos (1972-1982). Analyzing a wide range of foreign literature and relying on presidential decrees and testimonies of contemporaries as sources, the author comes to the conclusion that the educational policy of the Marcos era is ambiguous: on the one hand, it has become an effective tool to combat country’s main social - economic problems in the 1970s - the problem of unemployment. On the other hand, in the early 1980s it led to its aggravation and marked the beginning of the mass labor migration of Filipinos, which continues to this day. Political decisions made on issues such as the language of instruction, the introduction of a national entrance exam in colleges and universities, and the publication of new textbooks have become critical levers in the deployment of education in support of the labor export strategy in the Marcos era.

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Gerstl, Alfred. "The Gradual Softening of the Philippines’ Hedging Strategy towards China under President Duterte." Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology 20, no. 1 (2021): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-1-46-56.

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Under President Rodrigo Duterte, in office since 2016, the Philippines’ traditional hedging strategy towards China gradually softens. Due to Chinese investments as part of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) the relations have become closer, while security relations with the United States remain strained. The ongoing territorial dispute in the South China Sea and the negative perceptions of the Philippine citizens on China, however, serve as a corrective for strong bandwagoning with China.

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Mendoza, Amado Anthony III Gracia. "RESIL MOJARES AND THE CRISIS OF COMPARATIVE LITERATURE IN THE PHILIPPINES." Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS) 3, no. 2 (December 28, 2018): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol3iss2pp80-91.

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After its heyday from the 1950s until the early 1970s, a crisis in the field of comparative literature was declared present by its practitioners during the 1980s. The effects of the perceived crisis were felt not only during conferences but also through brutal budget cuts and the downsizing of comparative literature departments across the world. In the decades that followed, various attempts to address the crisis were made by critics such as Franco Moretti, Pascale Casanova, Alexander Beecroft, among many others. As a result, methods and concepts such as “distant reading,” “evolutionary literary history,” “literary ecologies,” and “world republic of letters” easily became the theoretical and methodological bulwark of numerous comparative literature departments against the perceived effects of the crisis. Incidentally, in his seminal Origins and Rise of the Filipino Novel, Resil Mojares deployed similar ideas and concepts, however, to different ends. This paper, then, is first an attempt to analyze Mojares’ deployment of the said concepts and methods vis-à-vis to that of Beecroft, Casanova, and Moretti’s. Finally, the paper also seeks to identify and elaborate on specific implications and possibilities made visible by Mojares’ methodological interventions in the field and practice of comparative literature in the Philippines.Keywords: Crisis, comparative literature, literary history, Mojares, methodological intervention, Philippines.Cite as: Mendoza III, A.A.G. (2018). Resil Mojares and the crisis of comparative literature in the Philippines. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 3(2), 80-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol3iss2pp80-91

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Hebard, Andrew. "Review: Empire’s Proxy: American Literature and U.S. Imperialism in the Philippines." Nineteenth-Century Literature 68, no. 4 (March 1, 2014): 559–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2014.68.4.559.

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Raguindin, P. F., V. M. Rojas, and A. L. Lopez. "Meningococcal disease in the Philippines: A systematic review of the literature." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 101 (December 2020): 149–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.407.

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Talamayan, Fernan. "Policing Cyberspace: Understanding Online Repression in Thailand and the Philippines." JAS (Journal of ASEAN Studies) 8, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/jas.v8i2.6769.

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Social networking sites have become increasingly relevant in the study of democracy and culture in recent years. This study explores the interconnectedness of social networks, the imposition of state control, and management of social behavior by comparing various literature on the operation of repression in Thai and Philippine cyberspaces. It examines the overt and covert policing of daily interactions in digital environments and unpacks governmental technologies’ disciplinary mechanisms following Michel Foucault’s notion of government and biopolitical power. Subjugation in the context of social networks merits analysis for it sheds light on the practice of active and passive self-censorship—the former driven by the pursuit of a moral self-image and the latter by state-sponsored fear. In tracing various points of convergence and divergence in the practice of cyber control in Thailand and the Philippines, the study found newer domains of regulation of social behavior applicable to today’s democracies.

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Fuwa, Nobuhiko, Arsenio M. Balisacan, and Fabrizio Bresciani. "In Search of a Strategy for Making Growth More Pro-Poor in the Philippines." Asian Economic Papers 14, no. 1 (January 2015): 202–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00338.

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Despite the large and expanding literature on pro-poor growth, quantitative studies identifying potential determinants of pro-poor growth remain scarce. This paper addresses this lacuna in the literature for the case of the Philippines. The main driver of rural poverty reduction has shifted from agricultural to non-agricultural growth in the Philippines, but agricultural investments can be still effective in areas with underdeveloped infrastructure. Non-agricultural income growth, on the other hand, can be made more pro-poor by reducing child mortality, facilitating international labor migration, investing in roads, and reducing income inequality.

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De Las Peñas, Ma Louise Antonette N., Agnes Garciano, Debbie Marie Verzosa, and Eduard Taganap. "Crystallographic patterns in Philippine indigenous textiles." Journal of Applied Crystallography 51, no. 2 (March 20, 2018): 456–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576718002182.

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The aim of this study was to analyze a representative sample of Philippine indigenous textiles in order to capture the range of symmetries and color symmetries present. This paper examines the existence of symmetries in finite designs, and classifies the plane-group and frieze-group symmetry types of the repeated patterns in woven textiles. The tendency of a particular symmetry to be more or less common than another can indicate relationships between the symmetries and the weaving technique or the culture that produced them. This paper will also examine designs and patterns with color symmetry found in these textiles. The sample consisted of 588 repeated patterns and finite designs in textiles (389 plane, 166 frieze and 33 finite) culled from well known museums in the Philippines, personal collections of scholars, existing literature on Philippine textiles and field visits.

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Lopez, Anna Lena, Peter Francis N. Raguindin, Maria Asuncion Silvestre, Xenia Cathrine J. Fabay, Ariel B. Vinarao, and Ricardo Manalastas. "Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome in the Philippines: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Pediatrics 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8158712.

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Background. As part of regional elimination efforts, rubella-containing vaccines (RCV) have recently been introduced in the Philippines, yet the true burden of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in the country is largely unknown.Objective. To provide baseline information on rubella and CRS prior to routine vaccine introduction in the Philippines.Methods. We conducted a systematic literature review on rubella and CRS in the Philippines, including a cross-sectional study conducted in 2002 among 383 pregnant women attending the obstetric outpatient clinic of the Philippine General Hospital to assess rubella susceptibility of women of childbearing age.Results. 15 locally published and unpublished studies were reviewed. Susceptibility to rubella among women of childbearing age was higher in rural communities. Retrospective reviews revealed congenital heart diseases, cataracts, and hearing impairments to be most common presentations in children of CRS. In the cross-sectional study, 59 (15.4%) of the 383 pregnant women enrolled were seronegative for rubella IgG.Conclusion. Similar to other countries introducing RCV, it was only recently that surveillance for rubella has been established. Previous studies show substantial disabilities due to CRS and a substantial proportion of susceptible women who are at risk for having babies affected with CRS. Establishment of CRS surveillance and enhanced awareness on rubella case detection should be prioritized.

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Brisbin, David. "Electronic Revolution of the Philippines." Journal of Popular Culture 22, no. 3 (December 1988): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3840.1988.2203_49.x.

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Franklin, Aimee L., and Carol Ebdon. "Participatory Budgeting in the Philippines." Chinese Public Administration Review 11, no. 1 (June 29, 2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22140/cpar.v11i1.250.

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Participatory budgeting has been adopted and adapted by governments around the world. Existing literature points to a variety of desired outcomes from these efforts, but does not clearly distinguish the impacts on individuals, groups, and society. This study uses the case of the Philippines to explore the differences in impacts of participatory budgeting within and across the three levels. Reforms in the Philippines were similar to efforts in other countries, but there were adaptations, including a national mandate for the decentralization of participatory budgeting to local governments and the required representation of civil society organizations in local resource allocation processes. Some gains in individual education and efficacy, representation of marginalized groups and social justice, and government accountability were seen in the Philippines, but they seem to be idiosyncratic to the local context. Civil society and democratic legitimacy advances, though, were weaker, at least partly due to challenges in involving third-party intermediaries in the process, and continued issues with elitism and corruption. Like other participatory budgeting cases, the outcomes have not been uniform, and transitions in national leadership hinder institutionalization.

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Tabiolo, James L., and Danilo Jr Villar Rogayan. "Enhancing Students’ Science Achievement through Jigsaw II Strategy." Journal of Science Learning 3, no. 1 (November 28, 2019): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/jsl.v3i1.17680.

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The Science education curriculum in the Philippines has shifted from inputs-based to outcomes-based education putting the learners at the core of the instruction. Hence, educators continue to innovate ways on how to engage the learners into a relevant and responsive science instruction. Further, the implementation of the K to 12 curriculum brings a paradigm shift in education in terms of pedagogy, assessment and outcomes. This within group quasi-experimental research attempts to test the effects of Jigsaw II strategy on the students’ science achievement. A total of 51 Grade 9 students in a government-run secondary school in Zambales, Philippines participated in the study. Results revealed that the class improved from “approaching proficiency” to “proficient” level in their science achievement after the implementation of the strategy. It was found out that Jigsaw II strategy had a significant effect on the science achievement of the learners. The study recommends the use of the instructional strategy in enhancing students’ achievement. The strategy may be applied in other science topics to further see its effectiveness. This paper likewise contributes to the literature on the effectiveness of Jigsaw II learning strategy in the science teaching in the Philippine context.

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Lazaro, Patricio B. "Performance activities in the Philippines." Text and Performance Quarterly 10, no. 4 (October 1990): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10462939009365984.

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Lazaro, Patricio B. "Production activities in the Philippines." Text and Performance Quarterly 11, no. 4 (October 1991): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10462939109366026.

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Cabantac-Lumabi, Bethany Marie. "The Lexical Trend of Backward Speech among Filipino Millenials on Facebook." International Journal of English and Comparative Literary Studies 1, no. 1 (November 22, 2020): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47631/ijecls.v1i1.148.

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Purpose: This study is an attempt to understand how Millenials use backward speech on their Facebook statuses and how their lexicon is incorporated into a grammar of novel items in English in the Philippines. Methodology/ Approach: Facebook statuses with the two trending backward speeches such as “lodi” and “werpa” are the inputs of this study since they top the list of more than 20 Tagalog slang words for everyday use of modern Filipinos. Through the Optimality Theory (Mc Carty, 2007; Prince & Smolensky, 2004) process and lexical analysis, these backward speeches were classified by literature as speech disguise, joke, and euphemism, while the hashtags are basically tags used to categorize conversations between users. Findings: Despite its limitations, the results of the study describe and record a different form of Philippine English on Facebook that occurs from the optimal satisfaction of conflicting constraints. Evidently, the #werpa and #lodi are more contemporary and considerable internet slang (e.g. backward speech) for Philippine Millenials, who are active on posting their Facebook statuses to enhance group exclusivity. Its meanings are based on the context of the Facebook posts rooted in social connections. This unrestricted form of grammar of Facebook users in the Philippines is moving around the social world for years because of its consistent use online. Conclusion: As the English language form changes more quickly, technologies continue to develop and allow the transmission of new set of Philippine slang to pass from Millenials to the future digital natives. The interest of the study on lexical trends reveals optimal aspects of grammatical phenomena which identify and order words based on their growing use.

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Maria Balenbin Fresnido, Ana, and Joseph Marmol Yap. "Academic library consortia in the Philippines: hanging in the balance." Library Management 35, no. 1/2 (January 7, 2014): 15–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lm-04-2013-0028.

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Purpose – The concept of academic library consortium emerged in the Philippines in the 1970s evidenced by the successive establishment of three consortia namely, the Academic Libraries Book Acquisition Services Association (ALBASA) in 1973, the Inter-Institutional Consortium (IIC) (now South Manila Inter-Institutional Consortium) in 1974, and the Mendiola Consortium (MC) in 1975. This paper aims to find out the experiences and status of selected academic library consortia in the Philippines, namely, the Academic Libraries Book Acquisitions Systems Association, Inc. (ALBASA), the American Corners (also known as American Studies Resource Center (ASRC) in some areas), the Aurora Boulevard Consortium Libraries, Inc. (ABC), the Davao Colleges and University Network (DACUN), the Inter University Consortium (IUC), the Intramuros Library Consortium (ILC), the Mendiola Consortium (MC), the Ortigas Center Library Consortium (OCLC), and the South Manila Inter institutional Consortium (SMI-IC) specifically in terms of the objectives of the different consortia, the activities they undertake and how such relate to the set objectives, the benefits they have enjoyed or continue to enjoy, the issues they have encountered as well as success/failure factors experienced by libraries in joining the different consortia. Design/methodology/approach – The sample was derived from the review of literature, which also served as basis to come up with the list of existing academic library consortia. The respondents were selected based on the Philippine Association of Academic and Research Librarians (PAARL) directory. Communication was sent via email, telephone, scheduled personal interview and social networking sites (e.g. Facebook). A total of 13 out of 23 (56.52 percent) respondents accomplished the survey questionnaires which were distributed online and manually. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the results. Findings – Results of the study revealed that the role academic library consortia play in the development of academic libraries is crucial particularly in the promotion of professional development and resource sharing. As technology greatly influences the way libraries do things, the varying level of technological development among consortium member libraries confirmed to be a major challenge being faced by them today. While majority of the surveyed consortia assessed themselves to be successful, it is evident that there is lack of congruence between the consortia's objectives and undertakings. Originality/value – The paper is a modest contribution to the dearth of literature in Philippine academic library consortia. It also is the first study conducted measuring the success of selected academic consortia and identifying the factors contributing to their success/failure.

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Tuason, Ma Teresa. "The Poor in the Philippines." Psychology and Developing Societies 22, no. 2 (September 2010): 299–330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097133361002200204.

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The purpose of this article is to describe the face of poverty in the Philippines. Specifically, through a review of literature, it enumerates the features of destitution in the Philippines, identifies the problems that create, maintain and worsen poverty, and illustrates the coping processes of Filipinos who have made it out of poverty. Empirical studies discussed perceptions of the poor, homelessness and subhuman living conditions, marginalisation from economic growth, mental and physical health concerns due to socio-economic deprivation and deficiencies in health care, family stressors, overseas working, increased violence and social injustices to children, increasing numbers of street children, and the cultural values in the Philippines (e.g., pagpupunyagi: perseverance and resourcefulness, pakikipagkapwa: reliance on others). Based on the study by Tuason (2008), the model of coping processes of those who were born poor and became rich is illustrated. The model includes the domains such as: the experience of deprivation; negative emotions of self-pity, insecurity, envy and anger; intolerance for continued poverty; praying to God for change; dreams for self and resourcefulness; education and drive; gratitude; helping those in need; and lucky chance events. For those born poor, the societal structures in the Philippines keep most everyone from being economically successful.

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Tampol, Renato A., and Hector M. Aguiling. "INTEGRATION OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND HR PRACTICES OF THE SVD EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES TOWARDS A MODEL OF INSTITUTIONALIZED HR POLICY: A LITERATURE REVIEW." International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling 5, no. 37 (December 31, 2020): 379–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijepc.5370030.

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Human Resource (HR) policy is not a one-size-fits-all approach. Underpinnings and reasons for the development of HR policy may be parallel for most organizations, regardless of type and nature, but pertinent factors considered for such development may vary. The most common yet influential amongst the factors is the culture of the organization. Organizational culture is one of the most researched topics in organizational studies. It had been used as a construct in various settings, even in the education landscape. Previous studies show that organizational culture impacts the HR practices and policies of organizations. However, the literature is silent on its application in Catholic educational institutions’ HR practices and policies in the Philippines. This study used literature review as its method to integrate organizational culture and HR practices toward institutionalizing their HR policies. Society of Divine Word (SVD) educational institutions within the Philippines A standard HR Policy is aimed to be used across all SVD schools in the Philippines.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Philippines in literature'

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