Journal articles on the topic 'Phillips Foundation'

African history was really born on a specific date and its parent was Prof. Phillips, then heading the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), in London. It began when the learned Collins and Asquith commissions advocated the upgrading of schools in four different parts of the continent (Nigeria, Ghana, Sudan and Uganda) to University College status whereupon the Colonial Office looked for a university in Great Britain to guarantee programming and quality and passed that job unto the University of London which in turn promptly passed much of the burden unto SOAS. Although no funds were attached to this Phillips accepted and eventually did get funding from the Rockefeller Foundation, to the greater glory of SOAS. Meanwhile however he had visited East Africa and he had been struck there in 1947 by the absence of ‘native histories’ such as one finds so thickly on the ground in his usual playing ground India. He decided to hire an historian of Africa who would both supervise the development of history departments in the new colleges and work to remedy this lack of local history.

The Francis I. Proctor Foundation for Research in Ophthalmology is internationally recognized for its research in the fields of ocular inflammatory and infectious diseases. Although the name of one of its founders, Francis I. Proctor, MD (1864–1936) is memorialized, the legacy of his wife, Elizabeth C. Proctor (1882–1975) is not as well known. They were both full partners in this endeavor. Francis, a successful and wealthy ophthalmologist, retired to Santa Fe, New Mexico. After their marriage, they became interested in the problem of blinding trachoma, then an endemic problem on the Native American Indian reservations. The couple selected Phillips Thygeson, MD (1903–2002), a young ophthalmologist with an interest in infectious diseases, as their lead investigator. Using their own funds, the Proctors paid for Thygeson and themselves to study trachoma in Egypt, and then establish a trachoma research laboratory in Arizona where the causative agent of trachoma was identified. Not only did the Proctors fund these studies, they also studied bacteriology so they could help in the laboratory themselves. After Francis’ death, Elizabeth endowed the Foundation in 1947 and continued to support it. She also established the Proctor Medal for The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology.

Standard econometric filters fail to extract explicit trend component from macroeconomic data series. Isolated cycles provide no economic interpretation of the extracted component. Adding new data to the sample (filtering) period results in instability of extracted components. This study proposes a new econometric filtering technique (MARINER) able to overcome known shortcomings in standard econometrics filters such as Hodrick and Prescott (1997), Baxter and King (1999), Christiano and Fitzgerald (2003). MARINER provides a practical tool for policy makers dealing with business cycles. It also provides economic interpretation (new theory) on causes and sources of business cycles elaborating on theories developed by Phillips (1962) and Škare (2010). MARINER decomposes GDP macroeconomic data series in trend (long term) and cycles (medium term) components using three year moving average recursive filtering method. Extracted cycles are defined as deviations from equilibrium GDP path (minimized output gap) caused by poor synchronization between monetary and fiscal policy. MARINER bridge the gap in the literature on measuring and causes of business cycles. MARINER can purpose as foundation for building a new, primer econometric filtering methods.

Expansion and collapse are two key features of a financial asset bubble. Bubble expansion may be modeled using a mildly explosive process. Bubble implosion may take several different forms depending on the nature of the collapse and therefore requires some flexibility in modeling. This paper first strengthens the theoretical foundation of the real time bubble monitoring strategy proposed in Phillips, Shi and Yu (2015a,b, PSY) by developing analytics and studying the performance characteristics of the testing algorithm under alternative forms of bubble implosion which capture various return paths to market normalcy. Second, we propose a new reverse sample use of the PSY procedure for detecting crises and estimating the date of market recovery. Consistency of the dating estimators is established and the limit theory addresses new complications arising from the alternative forms of bubble implosion and the endogeneity effects present in the reverse regression. A real-time version of the strategy is provided that is suited for practical implementation. Simulations explore the finite sample performance of the strategy for dating market recovery. The use of the PSY strategy for bubble monitoring and the new procedure for crisis detection are illustrated with an application to the Nasdaq stock market.

The capacity to reason algebraically is critical in shaping students' future opportunities and, as such, is a central theme of K–12 education (NCTM 2000). One component of algebraic reasoning is “the capacity to recognize patterns and organize data to represent situations in which input is related to output by well-defined functional rules” (Driscoll 1999, p. 2). Geometric pattern tasks can be a useful tool for helping students develop algebraic reasoning, because the tasks provide students with opportunities to build patterns with materials such as toothpicks or pattern blocks. These materials help students “focus on the physical changes and how the pattern is being developed” (Friel, Rachlin, and Doyle 2001, p. 10). Such work might help bridge students' earlier mathematical experiences and lay the foundation for more formal work in algebra (English and Warren 1998; Ferrini-Mundy, Lappan, and Phillips 1997; NCTM 2000). Finally, the relationships between the quantities in pattern tasks can be expressed using symbols, tables, and graphs, as well as words. Thus, pattern tasks can also give students opportunities to make connections among representations—a key component in developing an understanding of function (Knuth 2000).

Tapping or clapping to an auditory beat, an easy task for most individuals, reveals precise temporal synchronization with auditory patterns such as music, even in the presence of temporal fluctuations. Most models of beat-tracking rely on the theoretical concept of pulse: a perceived regular beat generated by an internal oscillation that forms the foundation of entrainment abilities. Although tapping to the beat is a natural sensorimotor activity for most individuals, not everyone can track an auditory beat. Recently, the case of Mathieu was documented (Phillips-Silver et al. 2011 Neuropsychologia 49 , 961–969. ( doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.02.002 )). Mathieu presented himself as having difficulty following a beat and exhibited synchronization failures. We examined beat-tracking in normal control participants, Mathieu, and a second beat-deaf individual, who tapped with an auditory metronome in which unpredictable perturbations were introduced to disrupt entrainment. Both beat-deaf cases exhibited failures in error correction in response to the perturbation task while exhibiting normal spontaneous motor tempi (in the absence of an auditory stimulus), supporting a deficit specific to perception–action coupling. A damped harmonic oscillator model was applied to the temporal adaptation responses; the model's parameters of relaxation time and endogenous frequency accounted for differences between the beat-deaf cases as well as the control group individuals.

This is the complete text of the lecture delivered by the Archbishop of Canterbury at the Royal Courts of Justice on 7 February 2008, under the chairmanship of Lord Phillips of Worth Matravers, the Lord Chief Justice, as the Foundation Lecture in a series of public discussions on ‘Islam in English Law’.1 The lecture seeks to tease out some of the broader issues around the rights of religious groups within a secular state, using sharia as an example and noting the substantial difference between ‘primitivist’ accounts of sharia and those of serious jurists within Islam. The Archbishop discusses the implications of some interpretations of Western secular legal systems, which seek to remove from consideration the actual religious motivations and practices of groups in plural societies. Where the law does not take religious motivation seriously, then it fails to engage with the community in question and opens up real issues of power by the majority over the minority and thus of community cohesion. It examines whether there should be a higher level of attention to religious identity and communal rights in the practice of the law: how to manage the distinction between cultural practices and those arising from genuine religious belief; and what to do about the possibility that a supplementary jurisdiction could have the effect of reinforcing in minority communities some of the most repressive or retrograde elements in them, with particularly serious consequences for the role and liberties of women. Is a monopolistic approach to a legal system a satisfactory basis for a modern pluralistic and democratic state? Might there be room for ‘overlapping jurisdictions’, in which individuals can choose in certain limited areas whether to seek justice under one system or another? If we are to think intelligently about the relations between Islam and British law, we need a fair amount of ‘deconstruction’ of crude oppositions and mythologies, whether of the nature of sharia or of the nature of the Enlightenment. Following the text of the lecture is a transcript of the Question and Answer session which followed.

In Walter C. Phillips's Classic Study of 1919, Dickens, Reade, and Collins, Sensation Novelists: A Study in the Conditions and Theories of Novel Writing in Victorian England, there comes an instant when the critic believes himself to have caught the last of his novelists in a moment of artlessness. Remarking on the comforting and seemingly-conformist opening of Wilkie Collins's No Name, Phillips comments that “in the early sixties . . . the popular drift toward realism – stories of domestic life – had compelled some modification of Collins's . . . original melodramatic scheme” (133). Collins's predilection for artfulness is well-established. Rejecting his suggestions for an earlier foreshadowing of the Dr. Manette subplot in A Tale of Two Cities, Dickens comments in October 1859, “I do not positively say that the point you put, might not have been done in your manner; but I have a very strong conviction that it would have been overdone in that manner.” He goes on to characterize Collins's suggested revision as potentially off-putting for the readership because it would inevitably be discovered and the situation consequently judged “too elaborately trapped, baited, and prepared” (Letters 9: 127). This essay is in a sense an exploration of the special utility inherent in Collins's elaborately prepared traps for the reader. The elaborate plan can sometimes go places, make certain philosophical critiques, that the accommodative plot cannot. Collins was not known to be a writer who changed course easily in the face of criticism. Thus, it is surprising to find Phillips, as well as other literary critics, taking his opening in No Name seriously and as a sort of conservative retreat on Collins's part. But traps being what they are, that is, made to be fallen into, Phillips's misunderstanding is understandable. The opening of No Name does most assuredly invite such an interpretation. I will be arguing here, however, that, far from attempting to accommodate a newly emergent popular Victorian domestic taste, and pulling back from a previous subversive stance, Collins especially in his opening but also throughout his non-canonical masterpiece is actually covertly attacking that taste at its very foundations.

A major contribution of Friedman's 1968 presidential address was the introduction of the long-run vertical Phillips curve. That view, which is consistent with neoclassical foundations, has become so profoundly entrenched in macroeconomists' thinking that increasing evidence of ‘hysteresis’ has not as yet dislodged it. The prevailing notion of the non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment (NAIRU) is constructed in terms of the ‘natural’ unemployment rate, which has allowed for some changes regarding its microeconomic determinants. However, the macroeconomic features of Friedman's natural rate and the NAIRU remain very much the same and unchanged. The blatant path-dependence of empirically estimated NAIRUs creates a dissociation between macroeconomic theory and empirics which, in our view, is unacceptable and demands a change of perspective. Adopting an alternative theory of distribution and employment might rehabilitate the original approach taken by Phillips vis-à-vis Friedman's legacy.

Recently macroeconomists have moved to a new neo-classical synthesis by integrating Keynesian features like imperfect competition and nominal rigidities with dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model of the Real Business Cycle Theory with micro foundations and rational expectations, [see, for instance, McCallum and Nelson (1999)]. The standard model comprises of a trinity; consumption and inflation adjustment equations with a monetary authority’s reaction function. One of the pillar of the modelinflation adjustment equation, also known as New Keynesian Phillips Curve (NKPC) in the literature, has at least two important features; unlike the traditional Phillips curve the NKPC is forward-looking; and it has been derived from the profit maximising behaviour of the firms in a monopolistically competitive market structure.

A cautious approach to managing the impacts of disturbance on free-ranging koala (Phascolactos cinereus) populations is fundamental to effective management of this iconic species. The critique by FitzGibbon et al. (2017) of a pioneering study by Phillips (2016) on the impacts of noise on koalas argued that a departure from aspects of the methods, a disregard for disease issues, other koala mortality data and an onerous approach to mitigation of potential impact detracted from the merit of the work. In response and while acknowledging some departures in evaluation criteria, the primary outcomes arising from the study remain unchanged, concerns about unreported koala mortalities are premature, while mitigation measures proposed by Phillips (2016) have been misinterpreted. Unravelling the implications of anthropogenic disturbance on terrestrial wildlife communities is a rapidly expanding field of ecological study. The work in question provides novel descriptions of aversive behaviour by koalas, each of which remains testable in the context of disturbance ecology, thus laying the foundations for further research to be undertaken.

Background 
 Dog-bite injuries remain a perennial problem, especially in pediatric emergency services. Nonetheless, few researchers have examined how local-level policies may contribute to primary prevention. We do so with qualitative research and an emphasis on implementation. This study highlights the potential benefit of coordination in Alberta between municipalities and emergency health services.
 Implementation
 This study mainly took place in the City of Calgary, which has earned a sterling reputation, in Canada and internationally, for the results of its animal-control policy in reducing dog-aggression incidents. We attribute part of this achievement to the high compliance of licensing in Calgary. The City estimates 80-90% of all dogs in Calgary have been licensed (by comparison, the City of Toronto estimates 35% compliance with mandatory licensing for dogs). The City of Calgary earmarks revenue from licensing for human-animal services, including public education, assessment of dogs’ behavior, and a state-of-the-art shelter oriented towards rehoming. Here, we frame the City of Calgary’s dog-aggression policy as a ‘One Health’ issue. This concept refers to human-animal-environment interdependencies as the basis for health. Whereas most One Health research has focused on preventing zoonotic infections or environmental toxins, our approach emphasizes health promotion, in which ‘caring for one’s self and others’ as the foundation for improving longevity and quality of life. Over the years, we have informed and learned from the City of Calgary’s implementation of its dog-aggression policy framework.
 Evaluation Methods 
 Related research (Caffrey et al., 2019) has analyzed the City of Calgary’s administrative data on dog-bite incidents, statistically and spatially. Previously our team partnered with the Emergency Services Strategic Clinical Network on an analysis of emergency services utilization for dog-bite injuries across Alberta (Jelinski et al., 2016). We have also highlighted risks to occupational health and safety amongst officers who enforce dog-aggression policies, in Alberta and worldwide (Rault et al., 2018). In this presentation, we delve into how these officers act on municipal data when investigating dog-aggression incidents in the City of Calgary. Our main sources of information were semi-structured interviews and participant-observation.
 Results
 High compliance with dog-licensing bylaws in Calgary assists officers in efficiently locating dogs following a dog-aggression complaint. In turn, citizens lodge complaints because they view the City of Calgary’s human-animal services as effective and humane.
 References
 Caffrey, N., Rock, M., Schmidtz, O., Anderson, D., Parkinson, M., Checkley, S.L. Insights about the
 epidemiology of dog bites in a Canadian city using a dog aggression scale and administrative data. Animals, 9(6). doi: 10.3390/ani9060324.
 
 Jelinski, S.E., Phillips, C., Doehler, M., Rock, M. (May, 2016). The epidemiology of emergency department
 visits for dog-related injuries in Alberta. Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine, 18(S1). doi:
 10.1017/cem.2016.68
 
 Rault, D., Nowicki, S., Adams, C., Rock, M. (2018). To protect animals, first we must protect law
 enforcement officers. Journal of Animal and Natural Resource Law, XIV, pp.1-33.

There are four standard Moufang identities; call them (M1), (M2), (M3), and (M4) (their definitions are given below). In the variety of loops they are equivalent; that is, each of these identities implies the other three. It was shown in [Phillips and Vojtěchovský, A scoop from groups: New equational foundations for loops, Comment. Math. Univ. Carolin.49(2) (2008) 279–290] that magmas with inverses that satisfy either (M1) or (M2) are, in fact, loops, while magmas with inverses that satisfy either (M3) or (M4) need not be loops. We show here that 2-divisible magmas with inverses that satisfy either (M3) or (M4)are loops. We also establish all implications between (M1), (M2), (M3) and (M4) in the variety of magmas with inverses.

1. Bilal, A. Jourabloo, M. Ye, X. Liu, and L. Ren. Do Convolutional Neural Networks Learn Class Hierarchy? IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 24(1):152–162, Jan. 2018. 2. M. Carney, B. Webster, I. Alvarado, K. Phillips, N. Howell, J. Griffith, J. Jongejan, A. Pitaru, and A. Chen. Teachable Machine: Approachable Web-Based Tool for Exploring Machine Learning Classification. In Extended Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI ’20. ACM, Honolulu, HI, USA, 2020. 3. A. Karpathy. CS231n Convolutional Neural Networks for Visual Recognition, 2016 4. M. Kahng, N. Thorat, D. H. Chau, F. B. Viegas, and M. Wattenberg. GANLab: Understanding Complex Deep Generative Models using Interactive Visual Experimentation. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 25(1):310–320, Jan. 2019. 5. J. Yosinski, J. Clune, A. Nguyen, T. Fuchs, and H. Lipson. Understanding Neural Networks Through Deep Visualization. In ICML Deep Learning Workshop, 2015 6. M. Kahng, P. Y. Andrews, A. Kalro, and D. H. Chau. ActiVis: Visual Exploration of Industry-Scale Deep Neural Network Models. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 24(1):88–97, Jan. 2018. 7. https://cs231n.github.io/convolutional-networks/ 8. https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2020/02/learn-imageclassification-cnn-convolutional-neural-networks-3-datasets/ 9. https://towardsdatascience.com/understanding-cnn-convolutionalneural- network-69fd626ee7d4 10. https://medium.com/@birdortyedi_23820/deep-learning-lab-episode-2- cifar- 10-631aea84f11e 11. J. Gu, Z. Wang, J. Kuen, L. Ma, A. Shahroudy, B. Shuai, T. Liu, X. Wang, G. Wang, J. Cai, and T. Chen. Recent advances in convolutional neural networks. Pattern Recognition, 77:354–377, May 2018. 12. Hamid, Y., Shah, F.A. and Sugumaram, M. (2014), ―Wavelet neural network model for network intrusion detection system‖, International Journal of Information Technology, Vol. 11 No. 2, pp. 251-263 13. G Sreeram , S Pradeep, K SrinivasRao , B.Deevan Raju , Parveen Nikhat , ― Moving ridge neuronal espionage network simulation for reticulum invasion sensing‖. International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications.https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPCC-05- 2020-0036 14. E. Stevens, L. Antiga, and T. Viehmann. Deep Learning with PyTorch. O’Reilly Media, 2019. 15. J. Yosinski, J. Clune, A. Nguyen, T. Fuchs, and H. Lipson. Understanding Neural Networks Through Deep Visualization. In ICML Deep Learning Workshop, 2015. 16. Aman Dureja, Payal Pahwa, ―Analysis of Non-Linear Activation Functions for Classification Tasks Using Convolutional Neural Networks‖, Recent Advances in Computer Science , Vol 2, Issue 3, 2019 ,PP-156-161 17. https://missinglink.ai/guides/neural-network-concepts/7-types-neuralnetwork-activation-functions-right/

AbstractThis paper discusses the presentation of the Epicurean virtues offered in the Letter to Menoeceus and in Cicero’s On Ends. It evaluates the proposals advanced by Phillip Mitsis and Pierre-Marie Morel. Against Morel, it is argued that Torquatus’ presentation of the virtues in On Ends is not part of an elaborate dialectical strategy. Instead, the paper sides with Mitsis’ more modest proposal: while Torquatus, like any good speaker, with high likelihood adapts his presentation to his audience, his ideas also have a strong foundation in Epicureanism. Given the extant state of textual evidence, it is difficult to determine precisely, however, to what degree his presentation of the virtues (1) directly draws on ideas already present in the founder of the Garden himself, (2) reflects a later development in the Epicurean school, or (3) falsifies Epicurean ideas to make them more palatable for a Roman audience.

-Timothy Barnard, J.M. Gullick, A history of Selangor (1766-1939). Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1989, vi + 220 pp. [MBRAS Monograph 28.] -Okke Braadbaart, Michael L. Ross, Timber booms and institutional breakdown in Southeast Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001, xvi + 237 pp. -H.J.M. Claessen, Patrick Vinton Kirch ,Hawaiki, ancestral Polynesia; An essay in historical anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001, xvii + 375 pp., Roger C. Green (eds) -Harold Crouch, R.E. Elson, Suharto; A political biography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001, xix + 389 pp. -Kees van Dijk, H.W. Arndt ,Southeast Asia's economic crisis; Origins, lessons, and the way forward. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian studies, 1999, ix + 182 pp., Hal Hill (eds) -Kees van Dijk, Sebastiaan Pompe, De Indonesische algemene verkiezingen 1999. Leiden: KITLV Uitgeverij, 1999, 290 pp. -David van Duuren, Albert G. van Zonneveld, Traditional weapons of the Indonesian archipelago. Leiden: Zwartenkot art books, 2001, 160 pp. -Peter van Eeuwijk, Christian Ph. Josef Lehner, Die Heiler von Samoa. O Le Fofo; Monographie über die Heiler und die Naturheilmethoden in West-Samoa. Frankfurt am Main: Lang, 1999, 234 pp. [Mensch und Gesellschaft 4.] -Hans Hägerdal, Frans Hüsken ,Reading Asia; New research of Asian studies. Richmond: Curzon, 2001, xvi + 338 pp., Dick van der Meij (eds) -Terence E. Hays, Jelle Miedema ,Perspectives on the Bird's head of Irian Jaya, Indonesia; Proceedings of the conference, Leiden, 13-17 October 1997. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1998, xiii + 982 pp. (editors with the assistance of Connie Baak), Cecilia Odé, Rien A.C. Dam (eds) -Menno Hekker, Peter Metcalf, They lie, we lie; Getting on with anthropology. London: Routledge, 2002, ix + 155 pp. -David Henley, Foong Kin, Social and behavioural aspects of malaria control; A study among the Murut of Sabah. Phillips, Maine: Borneo research council , 2000, xx + 241 pp. [BRC Occasional paper 1.] -Gerrit Knaap, Frédéric Mantienne, Les relations politiques et commerciales entre la France et la péninsule Indochinoise (XVIIe siècle). Paris: Les Indes Savantes, 2001, 395 pp. -Uli Kozok, James T. Collins, Malay, world language; A short history. Second edition. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan bahasa dan pustaka, 2000, xii + 101 pp. -Nathan Porath, Hoe Ban Seng, Semalai communities at Tasek Bera; A study of the structure of an Orang Asli society. [A.S. Baer and R. Gianno, eds.] Subang Jaya, Malaysia: Centre for Orang Asli concerns, 2001, xii + 191 pp. -Nathan Porath, Narifumi Maeda Tachimoto, The Orang Hulu; A report on Malaysian orang asli in the 1960's. [A.S. Baer, ed.] Subang Jaya, Malaysia: Centre for Orang Asli concerns, 2001, xiv + 104 pp. -Martin Ramstedt, Raechelle Rubinstein ,Staying local in the global village; Bali in the twentieth century. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 1999, xiii + 353 pp., Linda H. Connor (eds) -Albert M. Salamanca, Thomas R. Leinbach ,Southeast Asia: diversity and development. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000, xiii + 594 pp., Richard Ulack (eds) -Heather Sutherland, Muhamad Hisyam, Caught between three fires; The Javanese pangulu under the Dutch colonial administration, 1882-1942. Jakarta: Indonesian-Netherlands cooperation in Islamic studies (INIS), 2001, 331 pp. [Seri INIS 37.] -Heather Sutherland, Roderich Ptak, China's seaborne trade with South and Southeast Asia (1200-1750). Aldershot: Ashgate, 1999, xii + 366 pp. [Variorum collected studies series CS638.] -Sikko Visscher, M. Jocelyn Armstrong ,Chinese populations in contemporary Southeast Asian societies. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon, 2001, xiv + 268 pp., R. Warwick Armstrong, Kent Mulliner (eds) -Reed Wadley, Clifford Sather, Seeds of play, words of power; An ethnographic study of Iban shamanic chants. Kuching: Tun Jugah foundation, 2001, xvii + 753 pp. [Borneo classic series 5.] -Boris Wastiau, Raymond Corbey, Tribal art traffic; A chronicle of taste, trade and desire in colonial and post-colonial times. Amsterdam: Royal Tropical Institute, 2000, 255 pp. -Willem G. Wolters, Wong Kwok-Chu, The Chinese in the Philippine economy, 1898-1941. Quezon city: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1999, xvi + 279 pp. -Volker Grabowsky, Stephen Mansfield, Lao hill tribes; Traditions and patterns of existence. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000, vii + 91 pp. -Volker Grabowsky, Jean Michaud, Turbulent times and enduring people; Mountain minorities in the South-East Asian Massif. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon, 2000, xiii + 255 pp. -Volker Grabowsky, Jane Richard Hanks ,Tribes of the northern Thailand frontier. (with a foreword by Nicola Tannenbaum), New Haven, CT: Yale University Southeast Asia studies, 2001, xlviii + 319 pp. [Monograph 51.], Lucien Mason Hanks (eds)

The calculus of Mobile Ambients was proposed by Cardelli and Gordon as a foundational calculus for mobile computing. Since its introduction, the computational strength and the decidability of properties have been investigated for several fragments and variants of the standard calculus. We consider the problem of reachability and characterise a public (that is, restriction-free) fragment for which it is decidable. This fragment is obtained by removing the open capability and restricting the application of the replication operator to guarded processes only. This decidability result may appear surprising in combination with the fact that the same fragment was shown to be Turing complete by Maffeis and Phillips. Finally, we extend our decidability result in two ways: we first prove the decidability of a more general property called target reachability (according to which the target of interest for the reachability analysis consists of a possibly infinite set of processes) and then show that our decidability results also hold for a more general calculus, which includes the sophisticated communication mechanisms of Boxed Ambients, which is the most relevant variant of Mobile Ambients without the open capability.

There is, among many students of Australian law, a tendency to regard the establishment of constitutional government in Australia in positivistic terms: as a result of the passage of the New South Wales Act in 1823, or of the Australian Courts Act in 1828, or of the Australian Constitution Acts of 1842 and 1850, or even of the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act in 1900. This is understandable, for, as Sir Victor Windeyer once put it, there was in the foundation of European society on these islands no element whatever of a social contract. Rather, the move to populate the Australian territories was a consequence entirely of a prospectively looking determination made by the government in London. And, as Windeyer went on to note, the formal establishment of local government was effected by ceremonies that were by their very essence positivistic in nature. On 26 January 1788, there was first a formal ceremony in which the Union flag was raised and a salute fired. Then, on 7 February, the whole population of the colony was assembled and the royal letters patent were read, which formally instructed Captain Phillip to go about the duty of creating a penal establishment.

BackgroundSARS-CoV-2 primarily infects the upper and lower airway system, yet also endothelial cells and multiple tissues/organ systems. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 directed cellular immune responses may be deleterious or may confer immune protection – more research is needed in order to link epitope-specific T-cell responses with clinically relevant endpoints.1 Analysis of epitope reactivity in blood from healthy individuals showed pre-existing (CD4+) reactivity most likely due to previous exposure to the common old coronavirus species HCoV-OC43, HCoV-229E, - NL63 or HKU1, or – not mutually exclusive - cross-reactive T-cell responses that would recognize SARS-CoV-2, yet also other non-SARS-CoV-2 targets.2,3 Detailed single cell analysis in PBMCs from patients with COVID-19 showed strong T-cell activation and expansion of TCR gamma – delta T-cells in patients with fast recovery or mild clinical symptoms.4 Previous studies examining antigen-specific T-cell responses in tumor-infiltrating T-cells (TIL) showed that EBV or CMV-specific cellular immune responses in TIL from patients with melanoma or pancreatic cancer. Such virus -specific T-cells may represent ‘bystander’ T-cell activation, yet they may also impact on the quality and quantity of anti-tumor directed immune responses. We tested therefore TIL expanded from 5 patients with gastrointestinal cancer, who underwent elective tumor surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic for recognition of a comprehensive panel of SARS-CoV-2 T-cell epitopes and compared the reactivity, defined by IFN-gamma production to TIL reactivity in TIL harvested from patients in 2018, prior to the pandemic.MethodsA set of 187 individual T-cell epitopes were tested for TIL recognition using 100IU IL-2 and 100 IU IL-15. Different peptide epitopes were selected: i) all epitopes were not shared with the 4 common old coronavirus species, ii) some peptides were unique for SARS-CoV-2, and iii) others were shared with SARS-CoV-1. Antigen targets were either 15 mers or 9mers for MHC class II or class I epitopes, respectively, derived from the nucleocapsid, membrane, spike protein, ORF8 or the ORF3a. The amount of IFN-gamma production was reported as pg/10e4 cells/epitope/5 days. Controls included CMV and EBV peptides.ResultsWe detected strong IFN-gamma production directed against antigenic ‘hotspots’ including the ORF3a, epitopes from the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike protein with a range of 12 up to 30 targets being recognized/TIL.ConclusionsSARS-CoV-2 epitope recognition, defined by IFN production, can be readily detected in TIL from patients who underwent surgery during the pandemic, which is not the case for TIL harvested prior to the circulating SARS-CoV-2. This suggests a broader exposure of individuals to SARS-CoV-2 and shows that SARS-CoV-2 responses may shape the quality and quantity of anti-cancer directed cellular immune responses in patients with solid epithelial malignancies.AcknowledgementsWe thank the Surgery, Pathology and Vivarium Units of Champalimaud Clinical Center (N. Figueiredo, A. Brandl, A. Beltran, M. Castillo, C. Silva ).Ethics ApprovalThis study was approved by the Champalimaud Foundation Ethics Committee.ConsentAll donors provided written consent and the study was approved by the local ethics committee. The study is in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki.ReferencesGrifoni, A., Weiskopf, D., Ramirez, S. I., Mateus, J., Dan, J. M., Moderbacher, C. R., Rawlings, S. A., Sutherland, A., Premkumar, L., Jadi, R. S., Marrama, D., de Silva, A. M., Frazier, A., Carlin, A. F., Greenbaum, J. A., Peters, B., Krammer, F., Smith, D. M., Crotty, S., & Sette, A. ( 2020). Targets of T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus in Humans with COVID-19 Disease and Unexposed Individuals. Cell, 181(7), 1489–1501.e15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.015Mateus, J., Grifoni, A., Tarke, A., Sidney, J., Ramirez, S. I., Dan, J. M., Burger, Z. C., Rawlings, S. A., Smith, D. M., Phillips, E., Mallal, S., Lammers, M., Rubiro, P., Quiambao, L., Sutherland, A., Yu, E. D., da Silva Antunes, R., Greenbaum, J., Frazier, A., … Weiskopf, D. ( 2020). Selective and cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2 T cell epitopes in unexposed humans. Science, eabd3871. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abd3871Le Bert, N., Tan, A. T., Kunasegaran, K., Tham, C. Y. L., Hafezi, M., Chia, A., Chng, M. H. Y., Lin, M., Tan, N., Linster, M., Chia, W. N., Chen, M. I.-C., Wang, L.-F., Ooi, E. E., Kalimuddin, S., Tambyah, P. A., Low, J. G.-H., Tan, Y.-J., & Bertoletti, A. ( 2020). SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity in cases of COVID-19 and SARS, and uninfected controls. Nature, 584(7821), 457–462. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2550-zZhang, J., Wang, X., Xing, X. et al. Single-cell landscape of immunological responses in patients with COVID-19. Nat Immunol 2020;21:1107–1118. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-020-0762-x

As a follow-up to the recommendations of a 1986 National Science Board Task Committee Report on Undergraduate Science & Engineering Education, the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) sponsored a series of workshops on undergraduate education in science and engineering disciplines. In October 1989, the NSF's Division of Materials Research (DMR) organized a workshop in the materials area. It was held at the University of Illinois at Chicago. Dr. Donald N. Langenberg, Chancellor, University of Illinois at Chicago, chaired the panel of 27 invited experts. They were charged to assess the needs and opportunities in the education of undergraduates with career opportunities in any of the areas of materials research or technology, and to recommend possible ways to improve undergraduate curricula in chemistry, physics, and materials science and engineering.The panel consisted of three subpanels: Chemistry chaired by Gregory C. Farrington, Condensed Matter Physics chaired by Phillip J. Stiles, and Materials Science and Engineering chaired by Reza Abbaschian. Robert J. Reynik, DMR/NSF, was the workshop organizer and coordinator. Each subpanel held separate meetings to discuss undergraduate education in materials and develop recommendations in its respective disciplines; plenary sessions featured group discussions of views and recommendations.Each subpanel prepared a separate report, and the chairman prepared a summary report, which organizes the findings and recommendations of the subpanel reports into five areas: curriculum development, undergraduate laboratories, computers in undergraduate education, textbooks and other teaching resources, and faculty and student development. These reports constirute the full workshop report, which is available at no cost from the NSF. The opinions and recommendations in the workshop report are those of the expert panel and do not represent NSF policy. The recommendations are currently under review by DMR.


 مصادر المعرفة في الفلسفة الإسلامية المعاصرة، ضياء حبيب توفيق، عمان: دار دجلة، 2010م، 304 صفحة.
 المفارقات المعرفية والقيمية في فكر ابن خلدون الفلسفي، أبو يعرب المرزوقي، بيروت: دار الكتب العلمية، 2009م، 104 صفحة.
 أصول المعرفة والمنهج العقلي، أيمن المصري، بيروت: المركز الثقافي العربي، 2010م، 180صفحة.
 الاستشراف في النص: دراسة نقدية في استشراف المستقبل، عبد الرحمن العكيمي، بيروت: الانتشار العربي، 2010م، 236 صفحة.
 The Consequences of Ideas: Understanding the Concepts that Shaped Our World, C. Sproul, Crossway Books (June 30, 2009), 224 pages.
 How Do We Know?: Understanding in Science and Theology (Issues in Science and Theology), Dirk Evers, Antje Jackelen, and Taede Smedes, The Continuum International Publishing Group, (July 9, 2010), 240 Pages.
 Consequences of Hermeneutics: Fifty Years After Gadamer's Truth and Method, Jeff Malpas and Santiago Zabala, Northwestern University Press (15 May 2010), 428 pages.
 Ibn Khaldun: Life and Times, Allen Fromherz, Edinburgh University Press (March 1, 2010), 224 pages.
 Ibn Khaldun, Frederic P. Miller, Agnes F. Vandome, John McBrewster, Alphascript Publishing (November 10, 2009), 96 pages.
 Malthus, Darwin, Durkheim, Marx, Weber, and Ibn Khaldun: On Human Species Survival, Walter L. Wallace, Gordian Knot (January 1, 2009), 320 pages.
 Ibn Khaldun's Philosophy of History: a study in the philosophic foundation of the science of culture, Muhsin Mahdi, Islamic Book Trust, (July 1, 2009), 325 pages.
 Ideas that Matter: The Concepts that Shape the 21st Century, A. C. Grayling, Basic Books (March 30, 2010), 448 pages.
 Truth in Science, the Humanities and Religion, Balzan Symposium 2008, International Balzan Foundation, Springer; 1st Edition. edition (March 1, 2010, 200 pages.
 Beyond God: Evolution and the Future of Religion, Kenneth V. Kardong, Humanity Books (March 16, 2010), 294 pages.
 The Future of the Ancient World: Essays on the History of Consciousness, Jeremy Naydler, Inner Traditions (July 24, 2009), 320 pages.
 The Empathic Civilization: The Race to Global Consciousness in a World in Crisis, Jeremy Rifkin, Policy Press, (February, 2010), 688 pages.
 Advocacy and Objectivity: A Crisis in the Professionalization of American Social Science, 1865-1905, Mary Furner, Transaction Publishers (May 1, 2010), 392 pages.
 Origins of Objectivity, Tyler Burge, Oxford University Press, USA (April 28, 2010), 656 pages.
 Science and the Quest for Meaning, Alfred I. Tauber, Baylor University Press (September 1, 2009), 256 pages.
 The Promise of Salvation: A Theory of Religion, Martin Riesebrodt, University Of Chicago Press (March 1, 2010), 248 pages.
 Words and the Mind: How words capture human experience, Barbara Malt (Editor), Phillip Wolff (Editor), Oxford University Press, USA; 1 edition (March 1, 2010), 360 pages.
 
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-Hy Van Luong, John R. Rickford, Dimensions of a Creole continuum: history, texts, and linguistic analysis of Guyanese Creole. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 1987. xix + 340 pp.-John Stewart, Charles V. Carnegie, Afro-Caribbean villages in historical perspective. Jamaica: African-Caribbean Institute of Jamaica, 1987. x + 133 pp.-David T. Edwards, Jean Besson ,Land and development in the Caribbean. London: Macmillan Caribbean, 1987. xi + 228 pp., Janet Momsen (eds)-David T. Edwards, John Brierley ,Small farming and peasant resources in the Caribbean. Winnipeg, Canada: University of Manitoba, 1988. xvii + 133., Hymie Rubenstein (eds)-Diane J. Austin-Broos, Anthony J. Payne, Politics in Jamaica. London and New York: C. Hurst and Company, St. Martin's Press, 1988. xii + 196 pp.-Carol Yawney, Anita M. Waters, Race, class, and political symbols: rastafari and reggae in Jamaican politics. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Books, 1985. ix + 343 pp.-Judith Stein, Rupert Lewis ,Garvey: Africa, Europe, the Americas. Jamaica: Institute of Social and Economic Research, 1986. xi + 208 pp., Maureen Warner-Lewis (eds)-Robert L. Harris, Jr., Sterling Stuckey, Slave culture: nationalist theory and the foundations of Black America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987. vii + 425 pp.-Thomas J. Spinner, Jr, Chaitram Singh, Guyana: politics in a plantation society. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1988. xiv + 156 pp.-T. Fiehrer, Paul Buhle, C.L.R. James: The artist as revolutionary. New York & London: Verso, 1988. 197 pp.-Paul Buhle, Khafra Kambon, For bread, justice and freedom: a political biography of George Weekes. London: New Beacon Books, 1988. xi + 353 pp.-Robin Derby, Richard Turits, Bernardo Vega, Trujillo y Haiti. Vol. 1 (1930-1937). Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic: Fundación Cultural Dominicana, 1988. 464 pp.-James W. Wessman, Jan Knippers Black, The Dominican Republic: politics and development in an unsovereign state. Boston, London and Sidney: Allen & Unwin, 1986. xi + 164 pp.-Gary Brana-Shute, Alma H. Young ,Militarization in the non-Hispanic Caribbean. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc., 1986. ix + 178 pp., Dion E. Phillips (eds)-Genevieve J. Escure, Mark Sebba, The syntax of serial verbs: an investigation into serialisation in Sranan and other languages. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, Creole Language Library = vol. 2, 1987. xii + 228 pp.-Dennis Conway, Elizabeth McClean Petras, Jamican labor migration: white capital and black labor, 1850-1930. Boulder and London: Westview Press, 1988. x + 297 pp.

Purpose – One of the most popular texts on his subject, Donald T. Phillips’ Lincoln on Leadership – Executive Strategies for Tough Times, offers a superb examination of the President’s views on how to lead an organization. The purpose of this paper is to outline Lincoln’s leadership principles (15 chapters, 126 principles), illustrated and supported by 14 stories that narrated by Lincoln himself. This analysis is based upon papers submitted by police managers who analyzed Lincoln on Leadership that considered his examples through the lenses of their personal and professional experiences in policing. These police managers attended the Administrative Officer’s Course at the Southern Police Institute at the University of Louisville. In their assignment, these students identified three principles and three stories they felt were most significant to police leadership. Design/methodology/approach – The authors conducted a content analysis of police student responses to questions about Lincoln on Leadership. Findings – These police leaders made specific reference to the following leadership methods as practiced by Lincoln. It is best to get out among the troops from time to time to show your support, make direct observations and get relevant information about conditions and experiences. Honesty and integrity are crucial foundations for leadership that are irreplaceable. Give credit where credit is due. It is one of the best ways to establish credibility and loyalty. Sometimes leaders must do things they would rather not do but it is best to handle things quickly before disaster results. Yet, it is also often best to avoid conflict and difficulties when you can so you do not create problems for yourself – if there is another acceptable way to get the job done. When something needs to be done, leaders do not wait for others to do it for them. They strike when the time is right and the situation demands it. Research limitations/implications – These respondents represent a non-random, convenience sample and may not represent the population of police managers. These officers are selected by their departments to attend the AOC. Thus, they are interested in career development and their views may not be typical of the population of police managers. Practical implications – The research findings support leadership conclusions in the research literature on leadership in general and police leadership in particular. Social implications – The findings indicate that these police leaders are open to the use of methods that would be more acceptable to the community and members of the police organization. Originality/value – The study provides a glimpse into the views of police leaders and the methods that they endorse.

Postmortem recovery of epididymal spermatozoa and their preservation in Biological Resource Banks is a convenient source of germplasm, providing a possible future conservation resource for selected endangered wildlife species. It is necessary to gain knowledge of the biology of the gametes of the different species, in order to define effective protocols for cryopreservation and future assisted reproductive technology application. A pilot study on the changes in blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) and blesbok (Damaliscus dorcas phillipsi) epididymal sperm was carried out in order to provide some insight into the effects of incubation at 37°C. Chemicals were aquired from Sigma (South Africa), except JC-1 (Molecular Probes, Leiden, The Netherlands). Sperm was obtained by flushing the vas deferens and cauda epididymis of 6 adult blue wildebeests and 4 adult blesbok after the breeding season using 1 mL of Biladyl (fraction A; Minitüb, Tiefenbach, Germany). Cells were washed and resuspended in buffered medium (20 mM HEPES, 197 mM NaCl, 10 mM glucose, 2.5 mM KOH). Part of each sample was analyzed and part was incubated for 1 h at 37°C, and then analyzed. Analysis consisted of: motility (% of motile sperm, TM; and % of linear sperm, LM), vitality (fluorescent dye propidium iodide, 7 μM; % of unstained cells noted after 10 min at RT: vital, VIT), mitochondrial status (fluorescent dye JC-1, 7.5 μM; % of cells with orange midpiece noted after 30 min at 37°C: active mitochondria, MIT), and induction of acrosome reaction (15 min at 37°C in buffered medium complemented with 3 mM CaCl; % of intact acrosomes noted in control: splits no ionophore, ACR, and test: splits 1 μM calcimycin, ION). Samples were assessed using phase contrast microscopy (×400; ×200 for motility). Results are showed in Table 1. No significant differences (Wilcoxon Rank Sign test) were detected, possibly due to the low number of samples. However, LM appeared to decrease after incubation. Incubaton may increase the sensitivity of blue wildebeest sperm to ionophore (ION). Motility was least for blesbok, and the decrease of LM after incubation was more apparent. This treatment may induce different physiologycal changes between the species (different LM variation). The rest of the parameters suggest that the treatment did not induce extensive cell damage. Further research must be carried out to confirm these findings. Table 1. Median values for the analyzed parameters Sponsors of this project include Vodacom, Joan St. Leger Lindburgh Charitable Trust, Tony and Lizette Lewis Foundation, Department Science and Technology (South Africa), British Airways, IMV Technologies/CBS (France), NECSA, Zeiss Microscopes, AEC-Amersham, CryoLogic (Australia), Cook Veterinary (Australia), Mazda Wildlife Fund, The Scientific Group, Genaust (Australia), and SCI – Chesapeake Chapter.

A Review of: Read, K. B, Koos, J., Miller, R. S., Miller, C. F., Phillips, G. A., Scheinfeld, L., & Surkis, A. (2019). A model for initiating research data management services at academic libraries. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 107(3), 432–441. https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2019.545 Abstract Objectives – To initiate or expand research data management (RDM) services within the participating libraries serving health sciences populations. Design – Case report. Setting – Six institutions consisting of three academic health sciences and three university libraries within the National Network of Libraries of Medicine Middle Atlantic Region in the United States of America. Subjects – Between two and eight librarians participated from each institution, for a total of twenty-six librarian participants. Methods – Pre-pilot phone interviews were conducted and included open-ended questions about RDM services, the library’s motivation for participating, and their degree of institutional commitment. To deepen their understanding of RDM, the participants were required to complete eight educational modules that included text, videos, and quizzes. The participating institutions received data interview questions to connect with their research community to be better informed about their attitudes, language, and practices. The participants also received a Teaching Toolkit, complete with slides, a script, and an attendee evaluation form. The participants were provided with a data series, consisting of branded classes for teaching over a designated period with instructors from within and outside of the library. Collaboration with library partners was encouraged as was the use of a focused marketing plan. In fact, a major component of the pilot was the expert support, provided through biweekly meetings that included marketing tips and presentations on such topics as clinical research data management and data visualization. Finally, post-pilot program interviews were conducted, and the open-ended questions covered the pilot program as a whole and its individual components. Main Results – Of the six participating institutions, five institutions rated the RDM educational modules very positively. Conducting data interviews was valuable for all six institutions because it allowed the librarians to meet with researchers, build relationships, and use what they learned to develop RDM services for the future. The Teaching Toolkit was rated positively by the six institutions, especially for its adaptability, the time saved over developing the content from scratch, and its usability. Finally, the two institutions that held the data series courses stated that the series succeeded in further marketing the RDM services developed by the library. Conclusion – The pilot project met its objectives: the librarians at the participating institutions completed the educational modules, administered the data interviews, and taught an RDM foundations class based on the Teaching Toolkit. In addition, a data series was hosted at two institutions. The components of the pilot project had the intended results at each institution, and the classes were reviewed favorably. Based on the pilot participants’ positive outcomes, the authors are certain that the freely available program materials would achieve success elsewhere.

The paper presents research findings with 56 Roma children from Macedonia and Serbia between the ages of 3-6 years. The children’s knowledge of Romani as their mother tongue was assessed with a specially designed test. The test measures the children’s comprehension and production of different types of grammatical knowledge such as wh–questions, wh-complements, passive verbs, possessives, tense, aspect, the ability of the children to learn new nouns and new adjectives, and repetition of sentences. In addition, two pictured narratives about Theory of Mind were given to the children. The hypothesis of the authors was that knowledge of the complex grammatical categories by children will help them to understand better the Theory of Mind stories. The results show that Roma children by the age of 5 know most of the grammatical categories in their mother tongue and most of them understand Theory of Mind.
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