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Journal articles on the topic 'Philosophers, biography'
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1
Trofimova, Tatiana N. "The “Women’s Question” in the Biographies of Scientists and Philosophers by E. F. Litvinova (1890s)." Voprosy istorii estestvoznaniia i tekhniki 43, no. 4 (2022): 728. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s020596060022966-4.
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In the 1890s, Elizaveta Fedorovna Litvinova (1845–1919), a mathematician, philosopher, educator and writer, published ten biographical essays on prominent scientists and philosophers, including the first Russian biography of a renowned mathematician S. V. Kovalevskaya (also spelled Kovalevsky). This article gives particular attention to the “zhenskii vopros” (women’s question), as reflected in these biographies of the scientists and philosophers. Apart from the biography of Kovalevskaya, the women’s issue is considered in the biographies of F. Bacon, J. Locke, J. le Rond d’Alembert, J.-A.-N. de Condorcet, P.-S. Laplace, and L. Euler, as well as in the book “Rulers and Thinkers”. The biography of Kovalevskaya describes the difficulties encountered by the woman mathematician in her professional self-realization. In the biography of Bacon, Litvinova writes about his mother and her four sisters being learned as well as the women of the English royal family. In John Locke’s biography, a chapter is devoted to the philosopher’s friend Lady Damaris Masham, her upbringing and education, and the women’s position in society in the late 17th-century England is criticized. In d’Alembert’s biography, special attention is given to his discussion with Jean-Jacques Rousseau about women’s education. In her book about Laplace, Litvinova writes about the scientist’s spouse and her role in the preservation of his scientific heritage. In Euler’s biography, Litvinova reviews his “Letters to a German Princess”, written in a form of lessons in mathematics, physics, and philosophy, intended for an educated woman. Finally, in her biography of de Condorcet the author refers to him as the most committed and strenuous advocate of women’s rights, who promoted the women’s right to education and active involvement in the life of society.
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Liparotti, Renan Marques. "Alexander philosopher-king: from Philosophy to action." Ploutarchos 14 (October 30, 2017): 47–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/0258-655x_14_3.
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Plutarch, in his Life of Alexander and his speeches On the Fortune or Virtue of Alexander the Great, draws a portrait of a philosopher-king, inspired by Plato, Aristotle and Diogenes’ philosophies. This paper aims to analyse the dialogues between these philosophers and Alexander and to scrutinise the Macedonian’s political path whereby philosophical ideals were put in action. This study, therefore, may suggest that whilst in the encomiastic speeches Plutarch draws a king, enlightened by Philosophy, who made happier «all the inhabited earth», in the biography, contradictions of imposing a ‘blessed life’ are unveiled.
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Afonasin, Evgeny. "Plato and the Academy (Philodemus’ “History of the Academic Philosophers”)." Institutionalization of science and the scientific community 1, no. 2020.1.1 (October 20, 2020): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.47850/rl.2020.1.1.7_24.
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The paper offers a Russian translation of the portion of the “History of the philosophers” by Philodemus, available in two Herculaneum papyri (PHerc. 1021 and PHerc. 164), which deals with the history of the foundation of the Athenian Academy and the biography of its founder. This important source, introduced and extensively commented in the article, allows highlighting the most interesting details of Plato’s life and political pursuits both in Athens and in Sicily. The biographical details discussed are reconstructed on the basis of the earliest evidence, including the Platonic letters, the works of the students of Aristotle Aristoxenus and Dicaearchus, the platonic philosopher Heraclides of Pontus, the Hellenistic historian Neanthes (who’s information ultimately comes back to Isocrates), and some others. This gives the biography of Plato and the earliest history of Academy more credence.
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Arens, Katherine. "Between Hypatia and Beauvoir: Philosophy as Discourse." Hypatia 10, no. 4 (1995): 46–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.1995.tb00998.x.
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Two studies of women in philosophy, Michéle Le Doeuff's biography of Simone de Beauvoir Hipparchia's Choice (1991) and Fritz Mauthner's historical novel Hypatia (1892), question what kind of power and authority are available to philosophers. Mauthner's philosophy of language expands on Le Doeuff to outline how philosophy acts parallel to other sociohistorical discourses, relying on public consensus and on the negotiation of stereotypes to create a viable speaking subject for the female philosopher.
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Vorozhikhina, K. V. "LEV SHESTOV." RUDN Journal of Philosophy 23, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 192–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2302-2019-23-2-192-209.
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The article is devoted to the biography and creativity of the Russian religious existential thinker Lev Shestov. The article reflects the main stages of the philosopher’s philosophical evolution: it analyzes the sources of his work, the circle of the closest to Shestov thinkers and philosophers, it examines the reasons of the transformations of his views that forced philosopher to overcome the ethical and take the path of philosophy of tragedy and immoralism, it traces his creative evolution from populism to Nietzscheanism and religious philosophy of the existential type. The author of the article analyzes the changes of Shestov’s ethical understanding, his vision of philosophy and the idea of humanism and his attitude to the personality and heritage of F. Nietzsche. The article discusses the basic concepts of his teaching: tragedy, the living God, faith, reason, sin, boldness, “vsemstvo”, death, speculation, etc. It traces the connection with European intellectuals and emphasizes Lev Shestov’s contribution to Western culture.
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Rozhin, David O. "“The Great Rationalist”: Alexey Vvedensky on Kant in the Context of Russian Kantiana." Kantian journal 43, no. 1 (2024): 149–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/0207-6918-2024-1-7.
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In 1904, the last January issue of the newspaper “Moskoskiye vedomosti” carried an article by Alexey I. Vvedensky, philosopher and theologian, Professor of the Moscow Theological Academy, entitled “The Great Rationalist. On the Centenary of Kant’s Death”. Although the publication could hardly be called unique for its time, as many Russian philosophers and journalists commented on this date, the article merits attention because of the way it represents Kant, and the fact that it sheds light on Vvedensky’s attitudes toward Kantian philosophy. Alexey Vvedensky is to this day a little-known figure in the history of Russian philosophy, such that I thought it would be helpful to preface the publication with a review of the landmarks in the Russian philosopher’s intellectual biography. I go on to demonstrate the ambivalent character of Vvedensky’s attitudes toward Kant’s philosophy. To this end, I show that the Russian philosopher, on one hand, calls for a “return to the universally acclaimed Kant”, whose genius he unreservedly recognises; and on the other hand, he argues that Kant should not only be studied and profoundly reflected on, but also overcome because his rationalism “has desiccated the thought of the new cultured humanity”.
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Kisła, Patrycjusz. "The Literariness of Philosophers’ Lives in Twentieth-Century Polish Prose." Tekstualia 1, no. 8 (September 15, 2022): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9910.
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The following essay outlines the history of literary biography, with an emphasis on philosphy, in order to identify a corresponding tradition in twentieth-century Polish prose. By concentrating on the literary qualities of texts that combine literature with philosophy, it will highlight inherent difficulties of genre classification.
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Gheorghe, Kamila. "Fernando Savater: philosopher-activist." Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia 16, no. 2 (December 2, 2021): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1895-8001.16.2.5.
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The article concerns the life and work of the most important contemporary Spanish philosophers, Fernando Savater. It focuses on describing his activism and the reasons which led him to participate in the public life. The author also analyses the thinker’s two major concerns, which are anti-nationalism and the defence of democtratic values. The investigation shows that Savater’s view on the two issues is strictly related to his biography and the socio-political changes experienced by Spanish people in the last fifty years. The solutions the philosopher presents for his compatriots are parallel to his proposals of shifts in the politics of the whole European Union.
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Denisova, Irina V. "Damascius as a source on the intellectual history of Early Byzantine Athens." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 3 (2023): 716–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2023-28-3-716-724.
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Importance. The study of the biography and legacy of the philosopher Damascius, one of the early Byzantine Neoplatonic philosophers, is relevant in the context of studying the intellectual life of Early Byzantine Athens in the 5th – early 6th century. A special role among the sources on the history of philosophy of the 5 – beginning of the 6th century belongs to the work of the Neoplatonic philosopher Damascius “Philosophical History, or the Life of Isidore”. At the same time, in addition to the “Philosophical History”, Damascius is the author of a number of other works and neoplatonic commentaries, which are mentioned in the sources. Research methods. In considering the problems of historical knowledge in the context of intellectual history on the basis of the studied sources and historiography, taking into account the whole range of methodological approaches, the following methods used in the study should be distinguished: comparative-historical, historical-genetic, systemic. Results and Discussion. The biography of the author of this work is investigated, as a result of which it is shown that he was directly related to early Byzantine Athens, where he studied and then worked as a teacher. The information of Damascius about Athens in the above era was also analyzed and verified. The study found that Damascius is an important and reliable source on this issue, as he received information either first-hand – from friends, students or teachers at the Athens School of Philosophy, or was a direct eyewitness or participant in the events. Conclusion. It is concluded that, although the emphasis in the Philosophical History is on the philosophical school in Athens, the work of Damascius is a direct continuation of the treatise “The Life of Philosophers and Sophists” by the writer of the 4th century Eunapius, developing the genre of intellectual history with a biographical emphasis.
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Kisła, Patrycjusz. "The Literariness of Philosophers’ Lives in Twentieth-Century Polish Prose." Tekstualia 1, no. 56 (July 21, 2019): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3280.
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The article offers an outline of the history of literary biography, in particular the lives of philosophers, to identify a corresponding tradition in twentieth-century Polish prose. The most important category of analysis is the literariness of texts that border on literature and philosophy. This accounts for the key signifi cance of the problem of genre.
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Koszka, Christiane. "Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900): A classical case of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome?" Journal of Medical Biography 17, no. 3 (August 2009): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jmb.2009.009016.
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Summary Friedrich Nietzsche was one of the most influential and profound German philosophers. After prolonged illness, he died at the age of 55 in Weimar, Germany. The interest in his medical biography has always been strong while the cause of his illness and death has remained a mystery, intriguing philosophers as well as physicians. The diagnosis of syphilis proposed in the 19th century has been controversial until today and many other diagnoses have been discussed. This paper suggests that Nietzsche suffered from mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes syndrome.
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Zedler, Beatrice H. "The Three Princesses." Hypatia 4, no. 1 (1989): 28–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.1989.tb00866.x.
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This article introduces three princesses: Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia (1618–1680); her sister, Princess Sophie who became the Electress of Hanover (1630–1714); and Sophie's daughter, Sophie Charlotte, who became the first Queen of Prussia (1668–1705). After summarizing their common family background, the article presents, for each in turn, her biography and a discussion of her relation to philosophy. In each case their philosophical involvement stems from their friendships with the leading philosophers of their day; Princess Elizabeth was a friend of Descartes while the Electress Sophie and Sophie Charlotte were friends of Leibniz. The article concludes that anyone who has made the acquaintance of the three princesses and has studied their interaction with their philosopher-friends will always see them as part of the history of modem philosophy.
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Zvonska, Lesia. "TRANSLATION OF THE CHAPTER OF DIOGENES LAERTIUS' WORK "LIVES OF THE EMINENT PHILOSOPHERS": SOCRATES." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Literary Studies. Linguistics. Folklore Studies, no. 32 (2022): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2659.2022.32.20.
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The publication presents a translation from the ancient Greek into Ukrainian of the second chapter of the historico-philosophical work of the Hellenistic doxographer Diogenes Laertius "Lives of the Eminent Philosophers"; the section is dedicated to the biography of Socrates. The text is preceded by a summary of translator's intentions, complexities and their solutions. The work of Diogenes Laertius is translated into Ukrainian for the first time.
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Lerma, Violeta. "Biography of Dr Terry Barrett: Teaching us how to look at art." Visual Inquiry 12, no. 2 (December 1, 2023): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/vi_00092_1.
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The purpose of this article is to summarize the life, career and educational philosophy of Dr Terry Barrett. This article starts with Barrett’s early life, education, some of the books he has written, some philosophers that inspired him and a summary of his guidelines concerning art interpretation.
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Burmistrov, Konstantin Yu. "Jewish Philosopher from Lithuanian Forests: On Solomon Maimon and His “Autobiography”." Voprosy Filosofii, no. 2 (2022): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2022-2-135-145.
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Solomon Maimon (1753–1800), one of the most significant Jewish philosophers of modern times, in his writings tried to critically approach the tradition of Jewish thought and compare its teachings with the views of European philosophers. In recent decades, he and his views have attracted close attention of historians of philosophy. Recently, seven volumes of his works were published in Russia, translated from German and Hebrew. One of his most famous books is his Lebensgeschichte (Autobiography), an autobiography written by him in the 1790s and revealing both the stages of his life path and spiritual development, as well as his understanding of various problems of philosophy, religion, ethics and mysticism. This book has enjoyed a reputation as a classic in the genre of “intellectual biography” for two centuries. The article discusses the main features of this book, as well as its perception in the 19th – early 20th centuries. The stereotypical image of Maimon as a freethinker Jew, a fighter against religious superstitions and social inequality, almost overshadowed his significance as an original philosopher, whose views were appreciated by I. Kant and J.G. Fichte. This attitude towards Maimon was fully reflected in the translations of his Autobiography. Our article pays special attention to the Russian translations of this book. We are publishing for the first time documents related to an attempt to publish in the 1930s a complete commented translation of Maimon’s book. Famous Soviet philosophers and translators participated in the preparation of this translation (Boris G. Stolpner, Isaak M. Alter, and others), but the book was never published for political reasons.
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Pirozhkova, S. V. "Who am I, a Millennial Philosopher, and what Can I Become?" Политическая концептология: журнал метадисциплинарных исследований, no. 1 (April 15, 2024): 126–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2949-0707.2024.1.126142.
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The article attempts to find the specifics of the generation of millennial philosophers through an analysis of the features of the historical location - the historical baggage and challenges that the modern stage of development of knowledge and human society, rich in opportunities and risks, poses to the philosopher. Working with generational topics, the author relies on classic works in this area by K. Mannheim and J. Ortega y Gasset, the domestic sociological tradition represented by T. Shanin, Yu. Levada and others, modern studies of the millennial generation, in particular the so-called Generation I (J. Twenge). In addition, the author, belonging to the corresponding age cohort, analyzes personal experience, speaking as a representative of the millennial generation in general and the generation of millennial philosophers in particular. The main emphasis is on considering how the choice of profession occurred, what events determined it, what was the motivation in the 2000s - first to go to study at the Faculty of Philosophy, then to write a dissertation for the degree of Candidate of Philosophy and, finally, to build a career as a professional philosopher. At the same time, the author is critical of the fact that he belongs to the millennial generation, honestly identifying and explaining some distance from peers and emotional rootedness in the experience of previous generations, primarily the sixties and seventies. Stating the facts of his own biography that can influence the assessment of the sociocultural and professional significance of the generation of millennial philosophers, the author offers his vision of the main features that distinguish millennials as a philosophical generation. One of the main theses substantiated in the article is the statement about the fundamental openness of the fate of the millennial generation in philosophy, whose history is not only unwritten, but not strictly predetermined by the past and present, being dependent on the rapidly changing images of the nearest and more distant future.
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Afonasin, Evgeny. "PHILODEMUS ON THE SKEPTICAL ACADEMY (“HISTORY OF THE ACADEMIC PHILOSOPHERS”, col. XVII–XXXVI)." Respublica literaria, RL. 2021. vol. 2. no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47850/rl.2021.2.3.5-19.
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The paper offers a Russian translation of the portion of the “History of the philosophers” by Philodemus, available in two Herculaneum papyri (PHerc. 1021 and PHerc. 164), which deals with the history of the New (Skeptical) Academy (col. XVII–XXXVI, and some supplements). This important source, translated and commented in the article, helps to understand the history of the so-called New (Skeptical) Academy of Arcesilaus of Pythane, Lacydes, Carneades, Clitomachus and Philo of Larissa, and concludes with an important biography of Antiochus of Ascalon (268 to 84 BCE).
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Talalai, Mikhail, and Wladimir Janzen. "Dmitry Chizhevsky’s Letter to Leonid Ganchikov (1953)." Otechestvennaya Filosofiya 2, no. 1 (March 2024): 78–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2949-3102-2024-78-92.
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We publish the letter from the philosopher D.I. Chizhevsky (1894–1977), who lived in Germany, to his colleague and compatriot professor L.Ya. Ganchikov (1893–1968), who lived in Italy and worked on the history of Russian religious thought. Chizhevsky, apparently answering the addressee’s questions, essentially sets out his scientific curriculum vitae, with a brief biography and a list of main publications. The letter is an auto-interpretation of the creative heritage of D.I. Chizhevsky, in which the thinker defines his main interest as an attempt to substantiate some issues of logic and ethics by distinguishing those areas in which different types of logical categories are applicable, and also points to the philosophers closest to him – E. Husserl, H.W.F. Hegel, S.L. Frank, N.O. Lossky. The publication of the letter is accompanied by a thorough academic commentary, which fits the information given in it into the context of the life and creative path of D.I. Chizhevsky.
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Egorova, Oksana. "Historical Review of Russian Biographies of Aristotle (Second Half of the 18th – Early 20th Centuries)." Ideas and Ideals 15, no. 4-1 (December 25, 2023): 40–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/2075-0862-2023-15.4.1-40-55.
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The article reviews some multi-genre texts of Russian intellectual literature (the 18th – early 20th centuries), containing structured biographies of Aristotle: dictionaries and encyclopedias, textbooks, educational and scientifi c publications. The author singles out seven main chronological periods in the history of the philosopher’s biographies’ creation, as well as their features and source base, with special attention to the authors’ personalities. A separate block examines the key biographies of Aristotle written in the Soviet era. In the main part of the article the author describes each of the selected periods chronologically in every detail, and considers the history of the individual biographical works’ creation. It is noted that the content of the studied texts varies from full-fl edged biographical sketches to brief notes, listing only the main facts or stages of Aristotle’s life. The conclusion is made about the auxiliary nature of these works, where the philosopher’s biography was often referred to when compiling thematic encyclopedic and dictionary articles, or historical references for educational purposes. At the same time, this information was borrowed mainly from foreign encyclopedic publications and popular science works devoted to Aristotle. The above features of the content of the studied texts allow us to call them Russian biographies of Aristotle only conditionally. Among the designated authors there are scientists from various fi elds, philosophers, publicists, theologians and popularizers of science. However, among them there were no professional researchers who purposefully studied the biography of Aristotle. The most signifi cant for the Russian culture of the studied period are the works of S. Ya. Nechaev, G. Voskresensky, S. S. Gogotsky, S. G. Kovner, E. F. Litvinova, S. N. Trubetskoy.
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Orwin, Alexander. "The Double Life of Ibn Bajja: A Platonic Philosopher among the Potentates of His Time." Polis: The Journal for Ancient Greek and Roman Political Thought 39, no. 2 (May 11, 2022): 368–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/20512996-12340370.
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Abstract Ibn Bajja both lavishly praises Plato, and quietly alters his teaching. He develops a novel version of the Platonic city, taken partly from Alfarabi, which completely excludes non-philosophers from it, arguing that the gap between purely intellectual philosophy and mostly corporeal politics is simply too great. This allows Ibn Bajja to escape many of the problems associated with the exposition and implementation of the city of the Republic and Political Regime, but raises a new difficulty, namely, the relationship of the small, weak city of the philosophers to the stronger, larger cities of human beings more generally, in the midst of which it must somehow flourish. Ibn Bajja’s solution, ironically, points to the frenetic political engagement for which his biography is known, and which he himself may eventually have come to regret.
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Szücs, Balázs. "„Kötelékek köteléke” Azonosságok Moses Hess és Karl Marx korai filozófiai munkásságában, különös tekintettel a pénz gazdaságfilozófiai értelmezésére." Hallgatói Műhelytanulmányok, no. 5 (March 11, 2022): 71–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.55508/hmt/2021/10865.
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Szűcs, Balázs: “The bond of bonds” – Identities in the early philosophical eork of Moses Hess and Karl Marx, with special reference to the economic philosophical interpretation of money In my essay, I attempted to demonstrate the similarities between the two philosophers, Hess and Marx, especially regarding the essence of money. I present the effect of Hess on the young Marx. In the first section of the essay, a short biography of the French Jewish philosopher, Moses Hess is presented and a brief analysis of the most important works of Hess, like European Triarchy (1841), The Philosophy of Action (1843) and Rome and Jerusalem (1862) is given. In these works, there are a number of philosophical categories and definitions that appear in Marx’s works in similar formulation, for instance the determinism of activity, raw possession and the concept of an authority based (Autoritaten) and repressive state, which is the greatest barrier to free self-accomplishment (Selbstbestimmung). But another striking similarity is that Prometheus is regarded, by both philosophers, as the personification of freedom. The second part of the essay provides a detailed analysis of On the Essence of Money (1845). In this work, Hess gives a unique perspective on human history from its beginning to his own age, with many sharp and prophetic philosophical conclusions. Money has entered this system of philosophy, of history as a necessary evil and by staying for too long in the system, it causes alienation. At the end of the study, there is a comparison of the categories and their explanations that can be found in both philosophers’ works. Comparison of On the Essence of Money and Marx’s Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, where Hess’s influence on Marx is most evident.
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Hj Ariffin, Adlina. "Islamic Education: A Contrastive Analysis of Ibn SÊnÉ’s and Al- GhazÉlÊ’s views." Journal of Islam in Asia (E-ISSN: 2289-8077) 8 (February 2, 2012): 457–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/jia.v8i0.257.
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Ibn SÊnÉ and al-GhazÉlÊ were two great philosophers in the Muslim history. They shared in their ideas, among others, on man, society, and education. Their views on these subjects are to some extent different from each other. This paper is devoted to carry out a contrastive analysis of the ideas concerning Islamic education conceptualized by these two scholars, besides referring to their biography, their views on man, morality, society, and man’s sources of knowledge; and highlighting their contributions towards Islamic Education.
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Smirnov, Sergei. "Chelovek.RU/Человек.RU." Chelovek.RU, no. 15 (2020): 54–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32691/2410-0935-2020-15-54-99.
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Abstract. The article proposes a version of the author's interpretation of the autobiographical experience that the philosopher and methodologist G.P. Shchedrovitsky did in his life. On the basis of this experience, the author proposes to simultaneously develop a certain methodological construct of that cultural form, which is called intellectual (philosophical) autobiography. And how is it seen as the key, sought-for unit that makes up the autobiography. The author sees the event (situation) of self-determination as such a unit. Using vital and methodological material and comprehension of different versions of the autobiographical discourse that Shchedrovitsky built, the author shows how he understood his place in history, what life strategy he developed and what requirements in this connection he made to others, companions and students, while presenting their methodological optics to autobiographical discourse. The material from the biography of Shchedrovitsky factually shows the experience of life in intellectual asceticism, although not in the categories of religious monastic asceticism. The article shows how the methodologist and philosopher built their situation of self-determination in culture and history, manifested in specific life situations. On the example of a dispute and a life conflict, the difference in self-determination of different philosophers is shown, including the example of comparing the positions of G.P.Schedrovitsky and A.A.Zinoviev.
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Zvonska, Lesia. "THE POETIC SPACE OF THE WORK OF DIOGENES LAERTIUS "LIVES AND THOUGHTS OF EMINENT PHILOSOPHERS"." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Literary Studies. Linguistics. Folklore Studies, no. 35 (2024): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2659.2024.35.03.
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The article examines the poetic component in the discourse of the work of Diogenes Laertius "Life and Thoughts of Famous Philosophers" in the aspect of ancient biography and doxography and in correlation with the cultural and historical realities of ancient Greek panegyrics and invective. The stylistic features of epigrammatic poetry about philosophers are characterized: apotheosis, heroization and glorification or, on the contrary, satire, invective and parody. Panegyristics is embodied in the form of deification, ascension to heaven to the Olympians, invective - in ridiculing human flaws and the shortcomings of philosophers and discrediting their teachings. In the studied epigrams, philosophers, along with prominent historical figures and winners of all-Greek competitions, became objects of public worship for the first time. The poetic works of the philosophers themselves (Solon, Xenophanes, Parmenides, Empedocles, Epicharmus, Plato, Arkesilaus, Cratetus, Bion) are also analyzed. , quotations by various philosophers of ancient Greek poetry, their paraphrases and parodies of famous poets. The poetic discourse is described, presented both in the diachrony of the authors involved by Diogenes, starting from Homer and ending with late Hellenistic epigrammatists (more than 250 poems by 32 well-known and little-known authors), and in their genre diversity (epic, lyric, elegy, tragedy, comedy, canticles, oracles , epigram, epitaph, dialogue-diatribe). The metric schemes of poetic works, both quoted by Diogenes and the author's original poetry (dactylic hexameter, pentameter, logaeds, in particular, Archebulian measure, meliamb, prokeleusmatic, holiamb) are indicated; the source base of poetic works used by Diogenes is indicated, from ancient and Byzantine collections (Palatine Anthology, Planudеa Anthology) to scholarly editions of ancient Greek poetry. The rhetorical devices of the panegyric and much more often mocking epigrams of Diogenes himself, of which there are 52 works, are considered.
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Akhtar, Sohail. "https://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/261." Habibia Islamicus 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47720/hi.2022.0602e08.
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The paper primarily deals with the subject of History and its study in this modern era of science and technology. There are lots of theories about the study of history as few one of the modern society state it is fruitless subject. Many philosophers explored it as a science of all sciences in the world. History is considered an important subject of human progress it only not related the past or myth of human life. History is also the philosophical study of human progress and achievements. It explores the reasoning in occurrence of events and that’s why it is called as the study of causes. History is not only a theoretical subject it is a research of human activities in the past. Study of history is as compulsory as other modern science to learn from the past because it is history which provides a moral lesson in the light of past. It also presents the contribution of it defines the study of the biography of greatmen. Therefore, history is defines as the past record of mankind, biography of greatmen, a lesson of past and study of society. This paper highlights and explores the subject of history and the need of its study, its importance, its nature scope, as biography and lesson of the past.
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Overwien, Oliver. "Kurzfassungen und Erbstreitigkeiten." Mnemosyne 67, no. 5 (August 19, 2014): 762–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568525x-12341336.
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There are two versions of Aristotle’s will. One of them is found in Diogenes Laertios’ account of Aristotle in his Lives of the Philosophers, the second one is preserved (only) in an Arabic translation as a part of Ptolemy’s biography of Aristotle. A comparison of these two versions shows that the Arabic translation is a faithful rendering of a lost Greek version. This Greek version, furthermore, is not based on that preserved in Diogenes Laertios, but is rather an independent second version, whose function inter alia was to support the case of Aristotle’s son Nikomachos within inheritance disputes.
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Slaveva-Griffin, Svetla. "Socrates’ Debt to Asclepius: Physicians and Philosophers with Asclepian Souls in Late Antiquity." NUMEN 63, no. 2-3 (March 9, 2016): 167–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685276-12341419.
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This article examines the development of the aspect of health in late Neoplatonic ontology as originated in Proclus and illustrated in Marinus’Life of Proclusand Damascius’Life of Isidore. In light of the steadily growing Neoplatonic interest in the philosophic value of the body and the widely spreading presence of the new and only Savior, Proclus looks closer at the Demiurge’s cosmological activity in the universe to discern its health-instituting nature based upon which he builds a health register distinguishing between Demiurgic and Asclepian health. The former maintains the orderly balance in the universe; the latter restores the individual’s health. Between the two kinds of health extends a healing ontological “chain” unfolding from the Demiurge through Apollo, Asclepius, and the healing heroes, ending in certain individual souls, which are endowed with special healing powers, i.e., Asclepian souls. Two examples of such souls are Proclus himself, as portrayed in his biography by Marinus, and one Iacobus Psychristus, as documented in Damascius’Life of Isidore. The fact that one is a philosopher and the other is a physician captures the symbiotic relation of philosophy and medicine in late antiquity.
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Giel, Joanna. "Wilhelm Dilthey we Wrocławiu." Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia 14, no. 2 (June 7, 2019): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1895-8001.14.2.6.
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Wilhelm Dilthey in WrocławThe article above discusses 11 years of Wilhelm Dilthey’s creative presence in Wrocław, a philosopher whose contribution to the European culture has been never questioned. Dilthey was appointed to the University of Wrocław in March 1871. Same year in October, he moved to Wrocław, took over the department of philosophy from Christlieb Julius Braniβ and started academic lectures in autumn. Acclimatizing in the Silesian capital was dif ficult for the philosopher, in his letters he complained about the climate and provinciality of the city. It has changed over time, so that Dilthey finally adjusted to the environment. It happened because of numerous connections with the people from the university, among others with Graf Yorck von Wartenburg, but not only. In Dilthey’s biography, years in Wrocław were extremely prolific. In Wrocław Dilthey matured to the work of his life: Introduction to the Human Sciences, called in the subject literature the “crowning of the period in Wrocław”. He presented the concept of his work in a letter, among others, to Theodor Althof f, an of ficial from the Prussian Ministry of Culture. The preserved sketch of the letter is interesting because of its concept, but also because it shows a certain dependence of onetime philosophers on the state system. The article above contains an annex—a translation of this letter into Polish. Dilthey was a lecturer at the University of Wrocław until the end of the summer semester in 1882, after that he was appointed to Berlin in July 1882.
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Sidebottom, Harry. "Dio of Prusa and the Flavian Dynasty." Classical Quarterly 46, no. 2 (December 1996): 447–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cq/46.2.447.
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After his return from exile in A.D. 96 Dio of Prusa claims that even before it he had known the homes and tables of rich men, not only private individuals but satraps and kings (i.e. governors and emperors, Or. 7.66). Following the lead of Philostratus (V.A. 5.27–38) modern scholars have seen Dio as a confidant of the Flavian dynasty: amicus to Vespasian, possibly a special envoy of Vespasian to the Grek east, amicus to Titus, and friend and adviser to a minor member of the house T. Flavius Sabinus. These views are important not only for the biography of Dio, but also for the general question of relations between powerful Romans, above all emperors, and Greek philosophers and other intellectuals.
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Orlenko, O. A. "The Influence of Russian Fiction on the Idea of Life and Death in Russian Philosophy." Science Almanac of Black Sea Region Countries 33, no. 1 (March 26, 2023): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/2414-1143-2023-33-1-18-24.
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The article is devoted to the study of the influence of Russian fiction on the formation of the idea of life and death in Russian philosophy of the 19th−20th centuries. The author names modern Russian scientists who directly or indirectly affect this topic in their scientific works. The article justifies the need to conduct this study to deepen the existing knowledge about the origins of Russian philosophy, as well as to apply the results obtained in the educational process of a modern university. Analysis of the Russian philosophers’ works allows the author to establish the criteria for the difference between philosophical works and artworks, to search in the works of S. N. Bulgakov, N. A. Berdyaev, S. L. Frank and A. F. Losev for the names of Russian writers and poets whose literary work contributed to their interest in existential issues. It is emphasized that the formation of the idea of life and death in Russian philosophy took place not only under the influence of the impression received by philosophers from acquaintance with the fate of the heroes of fiction, but also under the influence of information about the biography of the classic authors of Russian literature that created them, as well as the main motives of their artistic creativity.
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Eabd, Ayuwb. "Existence of the Scholar Ibn al-Mutahhar al-Hilli (died: 726 AH) through his book the hidden Secrets in the Intellectual Sciences: A Contrastive Study." Islamic Sciences Journal 13, no. 7 (March 17, 2023): 46–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jis.22.13.7.1.3.
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Existence has a great importance in philosophical and theological thought. It occupied the minds of both the advanced and the late as well. In the current through research the researcher has shown the opinions of Al-Hilli’s existence in comparison between the scholars of his time, and through which the great effort made by this sign is shown. Then, a summary of the comparative opinions presented in saying Philosophers such as Ibn Sina and Al-Razi, and this became clear in what the researcher mentioned to the scholar Al-Hilli and his discussion of the issue of existence in the folds of the research, as well as what is mentioned about the biography of this scientist and the extent of his height in science through his scientific biography and his writings, which exceeded thirty books, a chapter on what was mentioned that he has a large library on the internet entitled Al-Alama Al-Hili.
The current paper has examined the purpose of the frequent encouragement to practice good deeds, which is a legitimate principle, including that its good effect goes beyond the limits of the mind and giving birth, as its practice has an effect on preserving them both in existence and in non-existence.
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Tkachuk, Maryna. "Dmytro Pospiekhov: Philosopher, Psychologist, Theologist (to the 200th Anniversary)." NaUKMA Research Papers in Philosophy and Religious Studies 7 (August 3, 2021): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18523/2617-1678.2021.7.3-16.
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The article dedicated to the 200th anniversary of Dmytro Vasyliovych Pospiekhov (1821–1899), a philosopher, psychologist, theologian and translator, for the first time in the scientific literature, highlights the milestones of his academic biography and more than 50 years (1845–1899) of professor’s tenure at the Department of Philosophy of Kyiv Theological Academy. Based on the analysis of a significant array of printed sources and archival documents, memories of colleagues and students of Dmytro Pospiekhov, the content and specifics of his educational, administrative, editorial and publishing, translation activities at the Academy were revealed for the first time; his important role in the training of professional philosophers, the development of philosophical education and the spread of philosophical knowledge in the East Slavic territories was proven. Paying special attention to Dmytro Pospiekhov’s methods of teaching of philosophical disciplines, the author emphasizes his lecturing methodology, innovative for the theological academies of the time, as well as the heuristic, religious, educational, and moral impact on the students. A special emphasis is placed on Dmytro Pospiekhov’s scientific and editorial activities, his biographical and bibliographic studies, his role in the preservation and studying of the heritage of prominent philosophers and theologians of Kyiv Theological Academy of the 1820s‒1840s: Archpriest Ivan Skvortsov (1795‒1863), Archimandrite Theophanes (Petro Avseniev, 1810‒1852), Sylvestr Hohotskyi (1813‒1889). Analyzing Dmytro Pospiekhov’s printed works for the first time, the author reveals the content and significance of his theological and philosophical study of the Book of Wisdom, which emphasizes the direct connection of this Judaic source to the philosophical teachings of Philo of Alexandria, Plato, and the Stoics. The author also draws attention to the significant research potential of Dmytro Pospiekhov’s manuscript heritage, linking it with the study of the prospects of determining his role in the development of psychological science in theological academies and the expansion of modern scientific ideas about the content and specifics of teaching of philosophical disciplines in Kyiv of the second half of the 19th Century.
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Chernyakhovskaya, Yulia. "Political Project and Flaws of the Socialist System Criticism: A.I. Solzhenitsyn vs I.A. Efremov." Almanac “Essays on Conservatism” 66 (February 20, 2019): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24030/24092517-2019-0-1-169-174.
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The article offers comparative analysis of the biography and work of the two famous Russian writers, philosophers and public figures – I.A. Efremov (1908–1972) and A.I Solzhenitsyn (1918–2008), whose political activity started in 1950-iess. and continued throughout the second half of the 20th century. 2018 was the anniversary year for both thinkers as that year we celebrated the centenary of A.I. Solzhenitsyn and the 110th anniversary of I.A. Efremov. Both thinkers professed the ideology of statism and conservatism and represented two schools of Soviet philosophy; they became leading figures in the directions featured in their creative work. At the same time their views on the goals of literature and public work were diametrically opposite, and the present article is devoted to the study of the present issue.
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Xinmai, L. "Translations, research and reception of Solzhenitsyn’s works in China." Voprosy literatury 1, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 246–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31425/0042-8795-2020-1-246-257.
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In the centre of this research is the problem of translation, study and reception of Solzhenitsyn’s works in the People’s Republic of China. A Chinese scholar of Slavic languages and literature, the author points out that Solzhenitsyn studies in China would be understandably interrupted for political reasons only to be resumed later, due to the growing interest in the writer’s works. Starting from 1963, there have been two distinct lines of study: Solzhenitsyn’s biography and his literary legacy. The first topic mainly attracts Chinese writers, historians, cultural scholars, philosophers, and professional critics; they present the readers with biographical facts in the context of the history of Soviet labour camps, dissident movement, etc. The second topic has specialists in Russian studies and foreign literature exploring the eternal topics in Solzhenitsyn’s works as well as his innovative techniques. According to the author, contemporary Chinese literary criticism is concerned with the latter area of research, while reception of Solzhenitsyn’s works is changing from negative to positive.
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Nureev, Rustem, and Yury Latov. "The Roads to Understand «The Road to Serfdom» (Reflection on Biography of Friedrich Hayek and His Ideas)." Journal of Economic History and History of Economics 22, no. 1 (March 3, 2021): 39–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-2488.2021.22(1).39-75.
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The article refers to the famous economist Friedrich Hayek, whose 120-th birthday anniversary year before last was barely noticed. It should be mentioned that in the 1990-s, when liberal ideas were popular, he was considered to be one of the most outstanding economists of the 20th century. But nowadays the ideas of Hayek are presented more likely for exhibiting extreme liberal approaches rather than for their relevant practical application. The research gives an insight into his biography, which includes the description of similar highs and lows in his popularity during his lifetime. In 1944 after the book «The Road to Serfdom» was published, as well as in 1974 after winning the Nobel Prize, he was at the highest of his fame unlike the period of the1950-s and 1960-s when his views were barely demanded. There is a number of other strange issues in his personal biography as well as in the development of his ideas. As the representative of fourth generation of the Austrian School, he witnessed how this scientific school completely emigrated from Austria. Although he is regarded to be a distinguished economist, political analysts and philosophers refer to his ideas almost more frequently than economists. The authors of the present article proposed a problem-based approach to be used for understanding Hayek’s biography and his ideas. This included not only identifying the oddities in evolution of Hayek’s ideas and of the Austrian School as a whole, but also providing the rationale for them, which was based on highlighting the relationship between development of doctrinal economic ideas and «the spirit of the age». Special emphasis in the research was placed on explaining the historical background of the most famous work of Friedrich Hayek «The Road to Serfdom». The article was produced by the editors of joint monograph «The Road to Hayek» (Moscow: KNORUS, 2021. — 224 p., which is being published), who were influenced by reflection on variety of approaches to Hayek’s ideas and their significance.
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SMIRNOV, SERGEY A. "PAUL FEYERABAND: THE RESTLESS ANARCHIST." Chelovek.RU, no. 2021-16 (November 22, 2021): 150–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32691/2410-0935-2021-16-150-180.
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The article provides a reflexive analysis of the autobiographical experience presented in the autobiography of Paul Feyerabend "Killing Time". The specificity of the genre and method of the author's work on his own biography is highlighted. It is shown that this experience is strikingly different both from that to which European continental thinkers or domestic philosophers are accustomed, and from that which is presented in the Western intellectual tradition. Feyerabend deliberately built his story as "light reading", comparable to comics, musical script and stand-up comedy genre. At the same time, it is shown that as the story progresses, the position of the narrator himself changes and his very intonation changes towards more personal and spiritual tones and topics related to personality changes. The author was least of all interested in his own intellectual pursuits, and most of all he was interested in emotional attachments and love for one's neighbor. For the sake of this love, he wrote, in essence, his autobiography, strangely similar to the genre of repentance of the restless atheist anarchist.
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Obolevitch, Teresa. "“La connaissance et l’être” by S.L.Frank — the history of translation and its reception." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies 38, no. 1 (2022): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2022.104.
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The article examines the circumstances and history of the translation into French of S.L.Frank’s master’s thesis “The Object of Knowledge,” which was published in Russian in 1915 in Petrograd. The aim of the study is to determine the place and significance of this work in the creative biography and philosophical heritage of the Russian thinker. For this purpose, we used the synthetic method, which allows us to reconstruct in detail the history of the creation of the French translation, as well as the method of text analysis. First, the German context of Frank’s work on the “The Object of Knowledge” is presented. It has been established that the initiator of the publication of this book in France was G.D.Gurvich, who collaborated with the philosophers Louis Lavelle and René Le Senne, who founded the publishing series “Philosophy of Spirit” in Paris. Based on archival correspondence between Frank and Gurvich, as well as the book’s translator A.Сaffi and the editor of the translation G.P.Fedotov, the details of the preparation of the abridged version of the book for the French reader are revealed. To this end, we analyze the edits made by Frank in the author’s copy of the Russian edition of “The Object of Knowledge”. The last part of the article presents how the reception of this book in the French philosophical environment took place. A list of the currently known reviews of Frank’s work is given. Also noted is the fact that the book The Object of Knowledge was referenced by E.Gilson. Thus, we can conclude that the abridged French translation of Frank’s master’s thesis has had some influence on the French philosophers and reception of Russian philosophical thought in general.
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Pichan, Mahdi, and Asst Prof Amir Ahmadnezhad. "The Role of Baṣra and the Personality Indexes of Naẓẓām Baṣary in the Formation of the Theory of Ṣarfa." Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences 61, no. 2 (June 17, 2022): 475–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v61i2.1303.
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According to Qur'anic scholars Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm ibn Saiyyār Baṣary, commonly known as Naẓẓām, the great Muʿtazila theologian is the first person to formulate and develop the theory of Ṣarfa about the miraculous aspects of Qur'an. Contemplation and focus on the biography of Naẓẓām Baṣary, as well as the historical, social and geographical conditions of Baṣra, his hometown, opens a new chapter in understanding the active factors in the formation of the theory of Ṣarfa. The results of the paper confirm the Communication of Naẓẓām with Hindu Brahma and the widespread presence of Hindus in Baṣra in the ninth century further reinforces the possibility that Ṣarfa is retrieved from Indian Braham's thought, found in the book al-fida. His encounter with philosophers and the emergence of philosophical thought in his theological perspective, on the one hand, and the dominance of philosophical thought in Baṣra, suggests that the theory of Ṣarfa is influenced by philosophical thought. Moreover, the coincidence of Naẓẓām's life as a proponent of Qur'an's creation with a significant amount of challenges on the idea of the Greatness of Qur'an, reinforced the effectiveness of the theory on Ṣarfa on the idea of the Greatness of Qur'an.
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Saiber, Arielle. "“The lantern of the world rises to mortals by varied paths”: Paul Laffoley (1935–2015) and Dante." Forum Italicum: A Journal of Italian Studies 55, no. 2 (July 14, 2021): 581–626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00145858211021572.
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American artist and architect Paul Laffoley (1935–2015) had a life-long fascination with Dante. Not only did he refer to Dante and the Commedia throughout his writings and paintings, but he created a large-scale triptych illustrating the poem, as well as sketched out plans for a full-immersion Dante study center on a planetoid orbiting the Sun, complete with a to-scale replica of the medieval Earth, Mount Purgatory, the material heavens, and the Empyrean through which a “Dante Candidate” could re-enact the Pilgrim’s journey. Laffoley’s work is often placed by art critics within the visionary tradition and Laffoley himself embraced that label, even as he deconstructed the term in his writing. Among the many visionary artists, poets, and philosophers Laffoley studied, Dante was central. He was, for Laffoley, a model seeker of knowledge, a seer beyond the illusions of everyday life. The essay that follows offers a brief biography of Laffoley and his works; an overview of his two main Dante projects ( The Divine Comedy triptych [1972–1975] and The Dantesphere [1978]); and initial considerations on how Dante’s works and thought fit into Laffoley’s larger epistemological project.
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Achmad, Ghufran Hasyim. "Pemikiran Filsafat Etik Immanuel Kant dan Relevansinya dengan Akhlak Islam." ALSYS 2, no. 2 (March 1, 2022): 324–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.58578/alsys.v2i2.310.
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Many philosophers have discussed ethics. Ethics as something that cannot be separated in human life, one of which is Immanuel Kant's Ethics. Kantian ethics is an ethics of obligation that does not require happiness or external factors. This is also in line with Islam that commendable morals lead humans to the highest happiness, namely the reality of God. Islam teaches morals called Islamic morals which are based on the Qur'an and hadith. Research objectives: 1) Biography, 2) Immanuel Kant's philosophy, 3) Immanuel Kant's ethical relevance to Islamic morals. The research method used is library research with a descriptive approach. Research result; 1) Immanuel Kant was born on April 22, 1724 in Konigsberg, East Prussia. Heone of the German thinkers. Regarding ethics Immanuel Kant wrote at least three books, first; Fundations of Metaphysics of Morals, second; Critique of Practical Reason, third: Metaphysics of Ethics. 2) Kant's ethical philosophy, including the ethical philosophy of deontology. Kant's ethical rationale, among others; Categorical immersion, legality and morality, autonomy of will, goodness and happiness, ethics and religion.3) Immanuel Kant's ethical relevance to Islamic morality, among others; a) The basis of obligation, b) Freedom, c) The ultimate goal.
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Sanzhenakov, Alexander. "Institutionalization of a philosophical school: the origins of Justus Lipsius’ neostoicism." RL. 2020. vol.1. no. 2 1, RL. 2020. vol.1. no. 2 (December 10, 2020): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.47850/rl.2020.1.2.95-101.
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The article is devoted to the consideration of the neostoicism of Justus Lipsius (1547–1606) in order to show that there is a set of reasons for the renovation and institutionalization of any philosophical school: the historical context, education, community, personality and biography of its leader. As for Justus Lipsius, a philologist and publisher of ancient texts (Tacitus, Seneca), the following factors influenced. Since Lipsius lived in turbulent times (the 16th century was marked by the Reformation and religious wars), he could not help but pay attention to Stoic philosophy, designed to give peace of mind in an unsettled world. Lipsius received an excellent education at a Jesuit college and at two universities – Cologne and Louvain. He was instilled in a love of ancient literature during his education, which predetermined his work. He was an outstanding person by nature and was formed in the university environment and in the intellectual circles of his time. He was, for instance, a member of the Familists, whose founder taught, among other things, the permissibility of changing denominations. Lipsius’s interpretation of the Stoic doctrine suggests that the Stoics came closest to Christianity, unlike other ancient philosophers. All these factors determined the revival of Stoicism in the 16th century.
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Vedeshkin, Michail. "Iatrosophist Zeno and Medical Schools of Alexandria in the Fourth Century." Hypothekai 6 (2022): 105–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32880/2587-7127-2022-6-6-105-128.
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This article discusses some aspects of the curriculum of medical schools in Late Antiquity, the status of medical schools and the educational space of Late Antique Alexandria in the fourth century AD. The study focusses on the biography of Iatrosophist Zeno of Cyprus, an erudite, rhetor and one of the most famous teachers of medicine in the fourth century, whose biography the sophist Eunapius of Sardis included in his Lives of Philosophers and Sophists. The author opposes the hypothesis established in historiography by W. K. Wright and M. Civiletti, according to which Zeno died before 336, and puts forward new arguments in favor of the fact that he was identical with the archiater Zeno of Alexandria, with whom in 359-361 the rhetor Libanius and the Emperor Flavius Claudius Julian (the Apostate) corresponded. The chronology of the lives of Zeno’s disciples (Oribasius from Pergamum, Ionicus of Sardis, and Magnus of Nisibis) testifies in favor of the fact that the iatrosophist could not have died before 336. In addition, it can be considered proven that Zeno’s of Cyprus school of was based in Alexandria. A successive occupation of the medical chair in the capital of Egypt by two famous iatrosophists named Zeno is not impossible, but highly improbable. Thus, with a high degree of probability, the correspondent of the rhetor Libanius and the Emperor Julian the Apostate was the same Zeno mentioned by Eunapius of Sardis. In other words, Zeno of Cyprus lived at least until the end of 361 AD. In general, the research results allow us to correct the generally accepted dates of the iatrosophist’s life and provide new arguments in favor of R. Penella and J. Giangrande’s assumption that Zeno of Cyprus and Zeno of Alexandria was one and the same person. In addition, the article provides the author's translation of a letter from Libanius to Zeno that has not been published in Russian yet.
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Liebert, Hugh. "THE LIVES OF PHILOSOPHERS - (M.) Bonazzi, (S.) Schorn (edd.) Bios Philosophos. Philosophy in Ancient Greek Biography. (Hellenistic and Roman Philosophy 4.) Pp. 313. Turnhout: Brepols, 2016. Paper, €75. ISBN: 978-2-503-56546-0." Classical Review 67, no. 2 (July 17, 2017): 363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009840x17001159.
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Kalugin, Dmitry Ya. "The Living and the Dead: Visionary Political Ideas of Alexander Radishchev." Slovene 10, no. 2 (2021): 163–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2021.10.2.7.
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The article is dedicated to the usage of the concept of prisutstvie (presence) in the texts by Alexander Radishchev. As the analysis shows, this concept is the meeting ground of three semantic fields: first of all, it signifies God’s presence in the Holy Gifts, secondly, it means ‘being together at one place’, as well as ‘court hearing’, and, finally, it is associated with the presence of an object in the mind (for example, in the work of Descartes, Hume, Locke). Thanks to Radishchev’s philosophical interests, his dependence on the language of European philosophers, and the circumstances of his biography, Radishchev’s works provide abundant material for analyzing the topoi of presence and absence in their different meanings. In spite of the fact that this concept is not essentially reflected by Radishchev, its usage has a systematic character: ‘presence’ emerges in special contexts. The article discusses three aspects of its usage. The first one is philosophical, linked with the idea of ‘personal identity’. The second aspect is intersubjective, connected with the presence-absence of a friend. The last one is political, where the utopian vision of the future is formulated. The conclusion of the article is that the concept of presence denotes a special regime of relations with another person, which is then correlated with the particular perception of the political society.
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Prokofiev, A. V. "Elusive Generations." Политическая концептология: журнал метадисциплинарных исследований, no. 1 (April 15, 2024): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2949-0707.2024.1.8492.
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Appeal to the idea of generation is a fairly effective tool for interpreting changes occurring in various spheres of human activity, in particular in the field of philosophical knowledge. It links the historical picture of such changes to an important anthropological constant - human age - and allows us to reconstruct both the general natural dynamics of what is happening and the unique features of each stage of the dynamic process. However, the “generational” (discrete) dimension of history in some specific cases may lose its significance and go into the shadows, giving way to those dimensions that ensure continuity and continuity. In relation to philosophical knowledge, these are factors of the universal unity of the problematic and the philosophical school. The biography of the author of this essay shows that a certain part of Russian philosophers is characterized by precisely this correlation of features and driving forces of their academic career. Philosophers belonging to this group are characterized by two common features: 1) coming to philosophy from other humanities disciplines; 2) coming to philosophy against the backdrop of a more or less acute “personnel crisis” in this discipline at the turn of the 1990–2000s. They can also be called a kind of generation, at least a generation within a generation. However, their “generational” unity is purely structural, and the content of their activities is determined by their belonging to the schools through which they were introduced to philosophy. Thus, the author of the essay, who initially specialized in the history of social thought, became a graduate student in the Department of Philosophy and Cultural Studies at Tula State University named after L. N. Tolstoy, working closely with the ethics sector of the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences. This determined not only his long-term connection with the institute, but also his belonging to the Moscow ethical school with its methodological approaches and theoretical guidelines regarding the phenomenon of morality. Such a biographical scenario excluded priority communication with philosophical peers and contributed to the perception of one’s discipline (ethics) not as a space of generational change, which dramatically fight each other to define a “universally recognized reality” (J. Ortega y Gasset), but as a space for collective solutions to cross-cutting theoretical problems.
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Petrov, Branislava. "The Immanence and the Transcendence of the Emerging Subject in Marx’s Philosophy of History." Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture 17, no. 2-3 (December 30, 2020): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.51151/identities.v17i2-3.455.
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The Author’s aim in this paper is to expose the hidden distortions in Marx’s understanding of the subject of history, such that occur under the influence of the patriarchal ideology. In order to do so, the author will first offer what she believes is the most satisfying explanation of the subject in Marxism, namely, the idea of subject as an emerging immanence. The Author will further claim that Marx’s attempt to overcome Hegelian teleological image of the world and to replace its transcendental subject with an immanent one, remains essentially flawed. The cause of this shortcoming the author will find in the contradiction inherent to Marx’s idea of subject. In the conclusion, the author will name feminism as the key theory for overcoming this contradiction. Author(s): Branislava Petrov Title (English): The Immanence and the Transcendence of the Emerging Subject in Marx’s Philosophy of History Journal Reference: Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 17, No. 2-3 (Winter 2020) Publisher: Institute of Social Sciences and Humanities - Skopje Page Range: 94-98 Page Count: 5 Citation (English): Branislava Petrov, “The Immanence and the Transcendence of the Emerging Subject in Marx’s Philosophy of History,” Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 17, No. 2-3 (Winter 2020): 94-98. Author Biography Branislava Petrov, Philosopher and Feminist Author Branislava Petrov is a philosopher and a feminist author based in Novi Sad, Serbia. She presented her work at various conferences all over Europe, some of them being: Workshop “Helene Druskowitz and Friedrich Nietzsche, 2018,” organised by Institute of Philosophy, Zagreb, Croatia; Historical Materialism Conference Athens 2019, Athens, Greece; Feminist Futures Festival 2019, Germany, Essen; Internatiolal Scientific Conference of Medical University of Kharkov, Ukraine, 2019 and 2020., etc. Her work under the title: “Ideology and Social Structures Behind the Problem of Domestic Violence” has been published in 2019 edition of the last mentioned conference. Her work under the title: “The Difference Between Marxist Radical Feminist and Liberal Feminist Approach to the Problem of Transgender Ideology” has been published in 2020 edition of the same. She organizes online reading groups focusing on the works of Second Wave feminism. She is critical of modern day liberal, as well as so called radical feminism. She is currently working on a piece titled “Feminism and Identities,” which will be presented at the online conference “Women Philosophers in South-Eastern Europe—Past, Present and Future,” organized by Institute of Philosophy, Zagreb, Croatia. She works as a freelance writer and translator. She speaks English and Greek languages.
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Surikov, Igor. "Nicknames among Greeks of the Archaic and Classical Periods: Preliminary Thoughts of a General Theoretical Nature." Akropolis: Journal of Hellenic Studies 2 (December 31, 2018): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35296/jhs.v2i0.33.
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This article is the first in a series devoted to nicknames of well-known people in Greece of pre-Hellenistic times. In it general considerations are primarily expressed about the role of nicknames in human societies (including ancient Greek), relations of nicknames to personal names and divine epithets, terminology of nicknames among the Greeks, and the possible reasons for not very broad development of the practice of nicknaming in Greece during this period.
A nickname is a fundamental phenomenon of the history of culture, and its real significance has not yet been appreciated. Nicknames in particular served as means of distinguishing individuals within any society. The names of the ancient Greeks had originally resembled nicknames as much as possible. Onomastic units in Greek poleis were mostly meaningful.
Nicknames can be assigned—not from a semantic but rather from an emotional point of view—to three basic types. We deal with nicknames of a) a positive, exalted character (“Olympian” as to Pericles); b) a negative, pejorative character (“Coalemos”—“Simpleton” as to Cimon the Elder); c) a neutral character—those that show a certain characteristic appearance of an individual (e.g., “One-Eyed”), or some kind of memorable detail of his biography (Hipponicus the “Ammon” in Athens at the turn of the 6th and 5th centuries BC).
Another interesting thing took place in pre-Hellenistic times. Nicknames were more often connected not with politicians and state figures but with people from cultural spheres—poets, philosophers.
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Obaid, Mayson Najem, and Mariam Alwai Fahed. "Civilizational Development in Andalusia in the Writings of Orientalists in the French Orientalist School Gustave Le Bon as A Model." International Journal of Religion 5, no. 11 (July 9, 2024): 3399–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.61707/5zvn4g07.
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This study intends to present the cultural development in Andalusia and indicates the most prominent writings of French Orientalists regarding this civilization, as well as their appreciation for Arab culture. In this sense, the French Orientalist Gustave Le Bon is a role model. Among the most well-known philosophers in the West, he has shown justice to the Arab people and Islamic culture. This research therefore centers on his writings, which are full of references to the contributions that Arabs and the Arab Islamic nation have made to the West. He wrote the important work "La Civilisation des Arabes" ("The Civilization of the Arabs"), which offers insightful details on Arab civilization, and he accepted that Muslims were the ones who brought civilization to Europe. Additionally, the study seeks to expose the genuine character of Western Orientalists by differentiating between those who are sympathetic to Arab Muslims and those who are hostile to both Islam and Arabs. It demonstrates how the Arabs taught the West about civilization and advancement in many spheres of life.There are three sections to the research. The history, growth, and current status of the French Orientalist School are covered in the first section. The biography, writings, and methods of French Orientalist Gustave Le Bon are the main subjects of the second half. The final segment looks at Andalusia's cultural evolution.In writing this research, I have relied on both Arab and foreign sources, and I hope it will meet the reader's approval.
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Tan, Mindy. "The Biography of a Philosopher." Journal of Philosophy: A Cross-Disciplinary Inquiry 4, no. 8 (2009): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jphilnepal2009488.
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Mitlyanskaya, Maria. "Rectorship of Martin Heidegger: Historical and Philosophical Analysis." Ideas and Ideals 12, no. 3-1 (September 23, 2020): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/2075-0862-2020-12.3.1-121-133.
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The idea of reorganizing a German university was revealed in the correspondence of the young Martin Heidegger and his friend Karl Jaspers. Prominent thinkers critically analyze the contribution of contemporaries and representatives of the previous generation of scientists and philosophers. Ambitious and confident in their abilities, they hatched a plan, as it seemed to them, for the most important mission: the revival of the spirit of genuine philosophy within the walls of German universities. Repeatedly emphasized in their correspondence in the 1920s - such a high goal will require the reduction of professors of philosophy and "cleansing" of universities from the prospering mediocrity. Despite spiritual aspirations, these philosophers were aware of the need for career growth. Without a proper position, it was impossible to, at least, make any changes in the current system of higher German education and academic philosophy. The author of this article believes that the same thoughts of Heidegger lay at the basis of the ideas expressed in correspondence with Jaspers and in the decision to accept the post of the rector of the University of Freiburg, which played a fatal role in his biography. The period of the duties of the rector Martin Heidegger is covered by the so-called «Black Notebooks». The author of the article departs from the widely used biographical approach in favor of a historical and philosophical analysis of passages of that creation time. The main objective of this work is to identify the basic categories of the being-historical concept of M. Heidegger, manifested in criticism of the academic university philosophy of German universities at the beginning of the 20th century. The philosophy of being history is first touched upon in the aforementioned Black Notebooks. In the volumes of the collected works “Beiträge zur Philosophie”, “Das Ereignis”, “Die Geschichte des Seyns”, addressed by the author of the article, the main part of the being-historical concept is revealed. The leading research method is historical philosophical, which determines the relationship between the fundamental ontological intuitions of the German master and his analysis of factuality, in particular, criticism of German university philosophy. In the framework of this article, the historical philosophical method includes the hermeneutical method, which is necessary when working with the specific language of Heidegger's works, which requires a thorough interpretation.