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Books on the topic 'Philosophical orientation'
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1
Sauter, Gerhard. The question of meaning: A theological and philosophical orientation. Grand Rapids, Mich: William B. Eerdmans Pub. Co., 1995.
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2
Advaita Vedānta in a new perspective: An orientation for the study of the Indian philosophical systems. Delhi: Bharatiya Vidya Prakashan, 2004.
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Queer Studies in Deutschland: Interdisziplinäre Beiträge zur kritischen Heteronormativitätsforschung. Berlin: Trafo, 2009.
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Michael, Eckert, and Gerardo Cunico. Orientierungskrise: Kulturelle, ethische und religiöse Herausforderungen des Individuums in der heutigen Gesellschaft = Orientation crisis : cultural, ethical and religious challenges of the individual in present society. Regensburg: S. Roderer Verlag, 2014.
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5
Love and other carnivorous plants. New York, NY: Little, Brown Books for Young Readers, 2018.
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6
Amsler, Mark. The Medieval Life of Language. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463721929.
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The Medieval Life of Language: Grammar and Pragmatics from Bacon to Kempe explores the complex history of medieval pragmatic theory and ideas and metapragmatic awareness across social discourses. Pragmatic thinking about language and communication is revealed in grammar, semiotics, philosophy, and literature. Part historical reconstruction, part social history, part language theory, Amsler supplements the usual materials for the history of medieval linguistics and discusses the pragmatic implications of grammatical treatises on the interjection, Bacon’s sign theory, logic texts, Chaucer’s poetry, inquisitors’ accounts of heretic speech, and life-writing by William Thorpe and Margery Kempe. Medieval and contemporary pragmatic theory are contrasted in terms of their philosophical and linguistic orientations. Aspects of medieval pragmatic theory and practice, especially polysemy, equivocation, affective speech, and recontextualization, show how pragmatic discourse informed social controversies and attitudes toward sincere, vague, and heretical speech. Relying on Bakhtinian dialogism, critical discourse analysis, and conversation analysis, Amsler situates a key period in the history of linguistics within broader social and discursive fields of practice.
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Werner, Stegmaier, ed. Orientierung: Philosophische Perspektiven. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 2005.
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Logothetis, Mary Lou. DIFFERENCES IN CLIMACTERIC WOMEN'S USE OF ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY USING HEALTH BELIEF CONSTRUCTS AND PHILOSOPHICAL ORIENTATION TO MENOPAUSE. 1988.
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artist, McComsey Jeff, Goodwin Chris artist, and McClelland Jeff artist, eds. Jennie Wood's Flutter: Don't let me die nervous. 2015.
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Fumia, Doreen. Normalized family discourses interrupted: Once married mother-lesbians. 1997.
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13
Kitcher, Philip, ed. Joyce's Ulysses. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190842260.001.0001.
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Ulysses is a famously difficult book. Philosophy is well-known as an abstruse subject. Yet thinking about Joyce’s great novel in philosophical ways provides not only new approaches for seasoned Joyceans but also orientation for those perplexed by Ulysses. Six eminent scholars, philosophers and literary critics, combine philosophical and literary analysis to present accessible perspectives on one of the world’s masterpieces. Successive chapters explore Joyce’s revisionary attitudes to the emotions, to consciousness, to the roles of the senses, to the relation between fiction and reality, to the impact of history and tradition on human lives, and to the ways in which we can reorganize the experiential worlds in which we live.
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Collins, John, and Tamara Dobler. The Work of Charles Travis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198783916.003.0001.
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The chapter explains the leading ideas of Charles Travis in relation to three main topics and offers first-pass responses to some general objections to Travis’s general philosophical orientation to the topics. Firstly, regarding linguistic meaning, it is argued that occasion-sensitivity poses a novel set of problems for standard construals of truth-conditional semantics. Secondly, regarding the structure of thought, it is explained how much the same issues arise for thought as they do for language. Thirdly, regarding perception, Travis’s distinctive flavour of disjunctivism is explained. The chapter also seeks to situate Travis’s thought in relation to Wittgenstein and more contemporary thinkers such as Jerry Fodor.
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Nyquist Potter, Nancy. Empathic Foundations of Clinical Knowledge. Edited by K. W. M. Fulford, Martin Davies, Richard G. T. Gipps, George Graham, John Z. Sadler, Giovanni Stanghellini, and Tim Thornton. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579563.013.0021.
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This chapter sets out several views of empathy that draw not only on psychology's literature but on philosophical and psychiatric writings. Empathy is a set of complex concepts involving perception, emotion, attitudinal orientation, and other cognitive processes as well as an activity that expresses character traits and, hence, one of the virtues. In other words, an examination of the philosophical and clinical literature reveals empathy to be not one unified concept but instead a set of related characteristics and qualities needed to be an ethical and therapeutically effective clinician. To this end, the chapter offers reasons as to why empathy is important to clinical work: empathy is both epistemically and ethically necessary to good social relations and, in particular, clinical relations. It then distinguishes empathy from a related concept called "world"-traveling and situates its relevance to therapeutic relations. Finally it brings these ideas together by highlighting Iris Murdoch's ideas of "just vision" and "loving attention."
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Gonsalves, Florence. Love & Other Carnivorous Plants. Little, Brown Books for Young Readers, 2020.
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17
Varden, Helga. Sex, Love, and Gender. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812838.001.0001.
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This book provides a comprehensive account of sex, love, and gender—the first of its kind—by engaging a seemingly unlikely ally: Immanuel Kant. To date, no scholar has considered Kant’s potential contributions to such an account; nor is this surprising. Kant explicitly views sexual activity as inherently morally problematic, maintaining as ethically permissible only heterosexual procreative sexual activity within the confines of legal marriage. Kant’s comments on sex, love, and gender are also diffused throughout his practical works—from his works on ethics and legal-political thought, to his works on aesthetics, teleology, history, religion, and anthropology—presenting a textual and philosophical obstacle to reconciling his accounts of human nature and of human rights and freedom into an integrated whole. Sex, Love, and Gender—A Kantian Theory takes on these challenges. It offers an innovative interpretation of Kant’s account of sex, love, and gender, which shows how his disparate references can be seen as parts of one coherent philosophical approach. The book also rehabilitates Kant’s theory by overcoming the philosophical mistakes and limitations of Kant’s own writings. The result is a philosophical understanding of the phenomenology of sex, love, and gender and core related moral (ethical and legal) issues such as sexual orientation, abortion, sexual or gender identity, marriage, erotica, sexual oppression, and trade in sexual services.
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Kendler, Kenneth S., and Josef Parnas, eds. Philosophical Issues in Psychiatry IV. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198796022.001.0001.
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This book contains, in addition to an introduction, sixteen chapters, each with its own introduction and discussion, that review various issues within psychiatric nosology from clinical, historical and particularly philosophical perspectives. The contributors to this book include major psychiatric researchers, clinicians, historians and especially nosologists (including several leaders of the DSM-5 effort and the DSM Steering Committee that will be guiding future revisions in DSM for the foreseeable future), psychologists with a special interest in psychiatric nosology and philosophers with a wide range of orientations. The book is organized into four major sections. The first explores the nature of psychiatric illness and the ways in which define it including clinical and psychometric perspectives. The second section examines problems in the reification of psychiatric diagnostic criteria, the problem of psychiatric epidemics and the nature and definition of individual symptoms. The third session explores the concept of epistemic iteration as a possible governing conceptual framework for the revision efforts for official psychiatric nosologies such as DSM and ICD and the problems of validation of psychiatric diagnoses. The final session explores how we might move from the descriptive to the etiologic in psychiatric diagnoses, the nature of progress in psychiatric research and the possible benefits of moving to a living document (or continuous improvement) model for psychiatric nosologic systems. The organization of the book—with its introduction and comments—well captures the dynamic cross-disciplinary interactions that characterize the best work in the philosophy of psychiatry.
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Munro, M. The Map and the Territory. punctum books, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53288/0319.1.00.
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“I didn’t even know that was a question I could ask.” That remark from a student in an introductory philosophy course points to the primary body of knowledge philosophy produces: a detailed record of what we do not know. When we come to view a philosophical question as well-formed and worthwhile, it is a way of providing as specific a description as we can of something we do not know. The creation or discovery of such questions is like noting a landmark in a territory we’re exploring. When we identify reasonable, if conflicting, answers to this question, we are noting routes to and away from that landmark. And since proposed answers to philosophical questions often contain implied answers to other philosophical questions, those routes connect different landmarks. The result is a kind of map: a map of the unknown. Yet when it comes to the unknown, and all the more so to its cartography, might it not make sense to take our orientation from Borges: What’s in question here, with respect to philosophical questions, is an incipient, unlocalizable threshold—a terrain neither subjective, nor entirely objective, one neither of representation, nor finally of simple immediacy—there where the map perceptibly fails to diverge from the territory. Amid Inclemencies of weather and fringed, as per Borges, with ruin and singular figures—with Animals and Beggars—what’s enclosed is an attempt to chart the contours of this curious immanence.
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Rine, P. Jesse. Evangelical Higher Education. Edited by Michael D. Waggoner and Nathan C. Walker. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199386819.013.27.
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Although they represent a relatively small segment of the private nonprofit postsecondary sector, evangelical colleges and universities carry on the educational legacy of America’s earliest institutions of higher education. The evangelical segment is a rich tapestry woven from multiple dimensions of institutional diversity. This chapter first explores the historical development of these institutions, their philosophical and religious commitments, and their organizational structures and campus ethos. Attention then turns to contemporary forms of evangelical higher education and distinguishing institutional features such as denominational status, confessional and behavioral membership requirements, and the curricular orientation and delivery format of the academic program. The chapter concludes with a discussion of contemporary challenges to the future of evangelical higher education. These include concerns related to fiscal health, faculty recruitment, and curricular direction.
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Brink, David O., Susan Sauvé Meyer, and Shields Christopher, eds. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817277.003.0001.
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Through their writing, their teaching, their mentoring, and their broader scholarly output, Gail Fine and Terry Irwin have reshaped the character of ancient philosophy as an academic discipline. Their contributions to the discipline do not, however, end there. On the contrary, their wide-ranging achievements extend into all periods of the history of philosophy and indeed into several areas more systematic than historical. Or perhaps one should say, rather, that their work defies any ready classification as being either historical or systematic, because whatever its primary focus on a given occasion, what they write cannot be pigeonholed as either exclusively scholarly or thematic; for they practice an unremittingly philosophical form of history of philosophy, or, judged from another angle, a historically enriched form of systematic philosophy. That is, as they pursue it, philosophy engages the discipline’s history in a manner animated by its current and perennial concerns, but it does so while remaining fully sensitive to the original context of its production. Their work combines the highest level of scholarly rigor and rich philosophical insight. Animated by a purely philosophical spirit, it is never narrowly antiquarian in orientation. Although alert to matters of text and transmission reflecting painstaking philological care and exceptionally broad scholarly erudition, their work never loses sight of a simple question: should we too believe this?...
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Parncutt, Richard. Prenatal development and the phylogeny and ontogeny of music. Edited by Susan Hallam, Ian Cross, and Michael Thaut. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199298457.013.0020.
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This article focuses on musically relevant psychological aspects of prenatal development: the development of perception, cognition, and emotion; the relationships between them; and the musical and musicological implications of those relationships. It begins by surveying relevant foetal sensory abilities: hearing, the vestibular sense of balance and acceleration, and the proprioceptive sense of body orientation and movement. All those senses are relevant for musical development, since in all known cultures music is inseparable from bodily movement and gesture, whether real or implied. The article then considers what sounds and other stimuli are available to the foetus: what patterns are the earliest to be perceptually learnt? It examines psychological and philosophical issues of foetal attention, ‘consciousness’, learning, and memory. The article closes with speculations about the possible role of prenatal development in the phylogeny of musical behaviours.
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Clegg, Stewart, Marco Berti, and Walter P. Jarvis. Future in the Past. Edited by Adrian Wilkinson, Steven J. Armstrong, and Michael Lounsbury. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198708612.013.8.
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Management studies has “lost its way” by advancing instrumental research too frequently foreclosing its larger ethical and practical implications. The authors argue for bracketing the excessively technical and scientistic orientation of much management research by re-questioning the purposes, presuppositions and prejudices on which management and organization theories have been based. They explore philosophical approaches capable of grounding a restored public trust. These range from the use of phronesis (practical wisdom) in Business School curricula, rather than either pure techne or pure theoria, to recovering exemplars of codetermination in workplace practices and cultures that affirm in practice a deeper regard for human dignity than mere resource efficiency. These examples offer antidotes to entrenched managerialism in neoliberalism, embedding social and ecological concerns in organizational purposes. Management legitimacy is enhanced when viewed as a process accomplishing ends that support rather than alienate public confidence.
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Johnson-DeBaufre, Melanie. Narrative, Multiplicity, and the Letters of Paul. Edited by Danna Nolan Fewell. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199967728.013.31.
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Paul is a central, even paradigmatic, character in both popular and scholarly versions of Christian origins and the development of Christian thought. However, the result is not a singular Paul; indeed, the history of interpretation suggests the opposite: Pauls abound. This chapter explores the historical, ethical, and theological value of the multiplicity of stories within and around the Pauline letters. Considering how characters, plots, and intertexts become local and translocal places for diverse identifications and significations opens up an alternative approach to the largely orthodox and universalizing Paul that predominates among both Christian and nontheist narrations of the mind of Paul. The narrative character of social identity and values engenders a theological and philosophical orientation to biblical text—even letters—that embraces multiplicity and calls for an articulation and adjudication of complex, intersecting, and competing values and ideals.
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Wilson, Mark. Physics Avoidance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803478.003.0002.
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Contemporary philosophy of science attempts to diagnose explanatory structure through descriptive tools derived largely from logic, an orientation called “Theory T thinking” here. Its portrait of scientific endeavor is painted with an extremely broad brush and neglects structural distinctions familiar to applied mathematicians (Theory T thinking tries to make all of science look alike, but this is a grave mistake). In real life, practitioners within every field of endeavor continually encounter significant roadblocks to reasoning that would cripple further advance if they adhered to the guidelines of Theory T thinking. Instead, clever scientists have devised an astonishing variety of gambits for working around these obstacles. Such policies practice “physics avoidance” in the sense that they depart from the simple patterns of explanation favored by Theory T thinkers. This essay discusses several ways in which significant forms of philosophical confusion have arisen through a failure to draw requisite distinctions.
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Scheffler, Samuel. Why Worry About Future Generations? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198798989.001.0001.
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Why should we care about what happens to human beings in the future, after we ourselves are long gone? Much of the contemporary philosophical literature on future generations has a broadly utilitarian orientation, and implicitly suggests that our primary reasons for concern about the fate of future generations are reasons of beneficence. This book proposes a different answer. Implicit in our existing values and evaluative attachments are a variety of powerful reasons, which are independent of considerations of beneficence, for wanting the chain of human generations to persist into the indefinite future under conditions conducive to human flourishing. These attachment-based reasons include reasons of love, reasons of interest, reasons of valuation, and reasons of reciprocity. Although considerations of beneficence, properly understood, also have a role to play in our thinking about future generations, some of our strongest reasons for caring about the future of humanity depend on our existing evaluative attachments and on our conservative disposition to preserve and sustain the things that we value.
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Plessner, Helmuth, and Bernstein J. M. Levels of Organic Life and the Human. Translated by Millay Hyatt. Fordham University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823283996.001.0001.
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Phenomenology, biology, and the human sciences combine in this work to support an original systematic philosophy of nature, organic life, and human existence. A sequence of increasingly complex modes of boundary relations—or relations between the insides and outsides of a thing—is presented and analyzed. The sequence supports distinctions between living and nonliving things, plants and animals, lower animals and higher ones, and nonhuman animals and humans. “Organic life” is defined and its characteristic features—the “organic modals”—are elucidated. The boundary relations of living things can be understood as “positionality”—that is, orientation to and within an environment. Human positionality is both centric (as in many animals) and excentric insofar as the relation between inside and outside is something to which the human being is “positioned.” This excentric positionality enables human beings to stand outside of the boundaries of their own body, a possibility with significant implications for human knowledge, culture, religion, and technology. Through articulation of the essential features of organic life, its distinction from and relation within nonliving nature, and the distinctions among living things, including between the nonhuman and human, the work provides foundations for a philosophical anthropology.
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Pattison, George. A Phenomenology of the Devout Life. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813507.001.0001.
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A Phenomenology of the Devout Life offers a phenomenological approach to the kind of Christian spirituality set out in François de Sales’s Introduction to the Devout Life but with parallels in other movements in both Protestant and Catholic spirituality. Situating the subject in relation to contemporary philosophical discussions of selfhood, the book arrives at a view of the devout self as essentially motivated by an affective orientation towards God that, via the experience of temptation and the practice of humility, subordinates reason to love and ends with self-annihilation. In this annihilated condition it becomes capable of a pure love of God, devoid of self-interest, willing only what God wills. These themes of pure love and nothingness are explored with particular reference to the writings of Archbishop Fénelon. Although this may suggest that the devout life is a kind of mysticism, it is argued that as a programme for practical life in the world it is distinct from experientially oriented kinds of mysticism, though sharing the ideal of union with God. As the first of a three-part Philosophy of Christian Life, the book ends by questioning what it could mean to insist that the source of the affective lure of devotion is God.
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Teubner, Jonathan D. Prayer after Augustine. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198767176.001.0001.
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Prayer after Augustine explores the place of prayer in the works of Augustine, Boethius, and Benedict, three figures critically important to the development of Latin medieval philosophical and theological thought. Part I offers a chronologically ordered reconstruction of Augustine’s understanding of prayer, tracing both theological reflections and practices from his early philosophical dialogues to his late anti-Pelagian polemical works. Part II investigates how Boethius in his Opuscula sacra and De consolatione Philosophiae and Benedict in his Regula take up Augustine’s understanding of prayer. For all three authors, the virtue of patience emerges as the means through which they struggle to confront the chasm between time and eternity, mortality and immortality, and humanity and divinity. At the heart of this book’s approach is an argument for a more complex understanding of religious and moral traditions that appreciates the subtleties with which late antique authors draw on their predecessors’ works and lives. By proposing a distinction between two levels of tradition—Augustinianism 1 and Augustinianism 2—this book argues for a distinction between the act of citing, referencing, and alluding to another author, and the use of general orientations and constellations of thought borrowed from another author. As Boethius and Benedict exemplify, the development of a religious tradition may oftentimes be less an affair of dialectical reasoning and more an expansion and refinement of devotional sensibilities.
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Baghdassarian, Fabienne, Ioannis Papachristou, and Stéphane Toulouse, eds. Relectures néoplatoniciennes de la théologie d’Aristote. Academia – ein Verlag in der Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783896659255.
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On the question of the divine, as on others, the Neoplatonic tradition has gradually made the reading of Aristotle a philosophical preriquisite. The contributions gathered in this volume aim at understanding how the Neoplatonic readers of Aristotle’s theology interpreted, commented on and criticized these doctrines in the light of their philosophical orientations, but also how Aristotle’s philosophy was able to influence, in return, their own conceptions and nourish the Neoplatonic approach to the divine. In short, it is a question of specifying both the different hermeunetic uses to which the Aristotelian philosophy of the divine has lent itself and the conceptual effect of this reappropriation.
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Melidoro, Domenico. Dealing with Diversity. Edited by Aakash Singh Rathore. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190121136.001.0001.
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The diversity of cultures, religions, and moral values and the ways in which liberalism deals with this plurality is the topic at the centre of this book. The author illustrates, in a critical and original way, the recent international debate on liberalism and diversity. In doing that, he discusses some controversial issues such as multiculturalism and minority rights, immigration, religious pluralism, children education, and the place of religion in society as well. After an analysis of some recent liberal theories, the book works out a solution to the problem of ensuring a peaceful and stable coexistence of different groups within the same institutional setting. It is a solution that is liberal in its general orientation, since it has a liberal allegiance to equality and individual rights. However, the proposed solution tries to recognize the due space to community loyalties, religious belongings, and cultural traditions. In addition to this, the author proposes a new theory of political obligation, namely of how a plural society can persist, notwithstanding deep cultural and religious pluralism. In this book, the analytical rigour typical of the philosophical tradition, is not separated from attention to social reality and its problems. In fact, particularly interesting is the way in which the book tests its theoretical achievements with the issue of religious pluralism in India. The outcome is that peaceful coexistence and respect for religious freedoms is possible even in a fragmented society such as India.
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Richter, Gerhard. Thinking with Adorno. Fordham University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823284030.001.0001.
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What Theodor W. Adorno says cannot be separated from how he says it. By the same token, what he thinks cannot be isolated from how he thinks it. The central aim of Thinking with Adorno: The Uncoervice Gaze is to examine how these basic yet far-reaching assumptions teach us to think with Adorno—which is to say, both alongside him and in relation to his diverse contexts and constellations. These contexts and constellations range from aesthetic theory to political critique, from the problem of judgment to the difficulty of inheriting a tradition, from one’s orientation in the work of art and the question of how to lead a right life within a wrong one to the primacy of the object and beyond. Along the way, the book makes vivid the notion that Adorno can best be understood through the lens of his highly suggestive—yet often overlooked—concept of the “uncoercive gaze.” This gaze designates a specific kind of comportment in relation to an object of critical analysis: it moves close to the object and tarries with it while struggling to decipher the singularities and non-identities that are lodged within it. As this book also shows, Adorno is best understood as a thinker in dialogue, whether with long-deceased historical predecessors in the German tradition such as Kant and Hegel, with writers such as Kafka, with contemporaries such as Benjamin and Arendt, or with philosophical voices that succeeded him, such as those of Derrida and Agamben.
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Jimenez, Marta. Aristotle on Shame and Learning to Be Good. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829683.001.0001.
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This book presents a novel interpretation of Aristotle’s account of how shame instils virtue, and defends its philosophical import. Despite shame’s bad reputation as a potential obstacle to the development of moral autonomy, shame is for Aristotle the proto-virtue of those learning to be good, since it is the emotion that equips them with the seeds of virtue. Other emotions such as friendliness, righteous indignation, emulation, hope, and even spiritedness may play important roles on the road to virtue. However, shame is the only one that Aristotle repeatedly associates with moral progress. The reason is that shame can move young agents to perform good actions and avoid bad ones in ways that appropriately resemble not only the external behavior but also the orientation and receptivity to moral value characteristic of virtuous people. By turning their attention to considerations about the perceived nobility and praiseworthiness of their own actions and character, shame places young people in the path to becoming good. Although they are not yet virtuous, learners with a sense of shame can appreciate the value of the noble and guide their actions by a true interest in doing the right thing. Shame, thus, enables learners to perform virtuous actions in the right way before they have practical wisdom or stable dispositions of character. This proposal solves a long-debated problem concerning Aristotle’s notion of habituation by showing that shame provides motivational continuity between the actions of the learners and the virtuous dispositions that they will eventually acquire.
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Baaij, C. J. W. The Mixed Approach of Current EU Translation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190680787.003.0004.
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The current EU Translation practices prove to be internally inconsistent and thus less than fully effective. The most important methods of EU Translation, using neologisms for EU legal terminology and maintaining close textual homogeny, are not incompatible as such. Rather, the aims that these methods seek to satisfy turn out to be inconsistent. In terms of Friedrich Schleiermacher’s essay on translation, EU Translation is at once both “receiver-oriented” and “source-oriented.” In view of the contradictory philosophical concepts of language underpinning these translation orientations, EU Translation thus aims to both “foreignize” and “familiarize” the recipients of language versions. The principles of legal integration and language diversity require absolute concordance among the 24 language versions of EU legislation. Yet, different theoretical approaches to translation provide different answers as to what such concordance entails. Improving EU Translation thus lies in settling for either a receiver- or source-oriented approach.
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Goodrich, Peter, and Michel Rosenfeld, eds. Administering Interpretation. Fordham University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823283798.001.0001.
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Populism in politics and policy orientations in law have thrown the jurisdiction of the academy and the disciplines of interpretation into disarray. Critique flounders in abstraction and negativity, law loses itself in particularity. Administering Interpretation brings together philosophers, humanists, and jurists from both continental and anglophone jurisdictions to reassess the status and trajectory of interpretative theory as applied in the art of law. Tracking the thread of philosophical influences upon the community of legal interpretation, both reception and resistance, the essays move from the translation and wake of Derrida to the work of Agamben, from deconstruction to oikononmia. Sharing roots in the philological excavation of the political theology of modern law, contributors assess the failure of secularism and the continuing theological borrowings of juridical interpretation. Contemporary critique is brought to bear upon the interpretative apparatuses of exclusion, the law of spectacular sovereignty, and the bodies that lie in its wake.
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Cooper, Mick, and Duncan Law, eds. Working with Goals in Psychotherapy and Counselling. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780198793687.001.0001.
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Working with goals in counselling and psychotherapy provides a detailed guide to using goals in clinical practice, and the empirical and theoretical foundations for this work. The book is aimed at psychologists, psychotherapists, and counsellors of all orientations—both in training and in practice—who work with adults and/or with children and young people. The introduction to the book defines goals, looks at their development, and discusses the rationale for, and challenges of, goal-oriented practice. Chapter 2 explores philosophical perspectives on goals, critically examining the relevance of these ideas to therapeutic practice. Chapter 3 extends this by looking at the psychological evidence on goals and goal-setting, examining its relationship to emotions and wellbeing, and the dimensions along which goals can vary. The following chapter, written by service users, presents their perspective on working with goals: why they may find it helpful, what they want from it, and what they see as the challenges. Chapter 5 reviews the evidence on goal consensus and therapeutic outcomes; and this is followed by a review of the different measures that can be used for goal monitoring and feedback (Chapter 6). Chapters 7 and 8 focus specifically on clinical practice: identifying effective strategies for goal-setting; and for working with goals across the therapeutic encounter. Goal-oriented practices are then considered in relation to the principle therapeutic orientations (Chapter 9). The book concludes with the analogy of therapy as a ‘journey of discovery’ (Chapter 10), with the client’s individual goals setting the direction for travel.
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Baaij, C. J. W. Summary and Conclusions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190680787.003.0007.
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This chapter provides an overview of the book’s argument for an English-based, source-oriented approach to EU Translation. Chapter 2 constructed the task of EU Translation from the objectives of the EU policies on legal integration and language diversity. Chapters 3 and 4 assessed current EU Translation practices. Chapter 3 demonstrated that the principles underlying EU’s Institutional Multilingualism require that English be the official source text of EU Translation and the sole language version of EU legislation. Chapter 4 established that EU Translation practices are inconsistent in terms of Schleiermacher’s translation “orientations.” Finally, Chapters 5 and 6 offered an alternative approach to EU Translation. Chapter 5 contended that a source-oriented strategy promises to diminish the risk of discrepancies and inconsistencies between language versions, and lies on philosophical concepts of language and translation. Last, the challenges involved in implementing the proposed English-based, source-oriented technique of EU Translation were illustrated in Chapter 6.
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Carver, Terrell. The Marxian Tradition. Edited by George Klosko. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199238804.003.0023.
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Karl Marx (1818–1883) and his sometime collaborator and long-term friend, Friedrich Engels (1820–1895), are rightly regarded as the founders of a highly significant tradition in the history of political philosophy. However, this was never their aim at the time of writing. Their relationship to politics as activists, and their broad political orientations as socialists, were both clear from the early stages of their careers. The Marxian tradition, established as such in Marx's later lifetime, was certainly one of political thought and action, but the reception of these ideas and selected texts into the mainstream and canon of the Anglophone history of political philosophy was largely a post-World War II development. The portmanteau term Marxism occludes a number of contextually crucial distinctions that bear on philosophical and other interpretative issues connected with the Marxian tradition. In general terms, the Marxian tradition contributes to the history of political philosophy by highlighting economic activity, social class, exploitation, the state, ideology, historical progress, revolutionary change, and a “good society” that is socialist or communist in character.
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Colebrook, Claire. Gilles Deleuze. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474423632.003.0013.
Full textAbstract:
Perhaps the best way to approach the relationship between Deleuze and Agamben is to adopt a method from Deleuze and Guattari’s late philosophy: the conceptual persona.1 Here philosophical proper names do not stand for biographies or persons but for orientations or maps of thinking. Descartes, for example, enables a whole tradition of Cartesian dualism, even for those who neither read nor reference his work. There are some occasions when Agamben’s history of thought also considers proper names less as labels for specific historical individuals, and more as markers of a certain style or distribution of thinking. His recent The Use of Bodies, for example, sees Spinoza as a way of coming to terms with the relation between essence and existence (between what a being is, and that a being is) (UB 160). The names Agamben draws upon are not so much focused upon for their singular greatness, but because they provide a way for thinking about what Agamben sees as the ongoing problem of the singular existence of an individuated being, and then the way that being is identified in language. One might also think of this as the difference between the simple event that something is, and then the identifiable what of the thing. In What is Philosophy? Deleuze and Guattari treat proper names as conceptual personae, suggesting – as Agamben does – that philosophical problems (and the names that attach to them) are not academic exercises of a specific discipline, but have to do with the very possibility of thinking (in domains well beyond philosophy).
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Bamyeh, Mohammed A. Lifeworlds of Islam. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190280567.001.0001.
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Islam is what Muslims do. From this premise, the book elaborates a sociology of Islam in three concise chapters. The book shows that Islam has operated typically not in the form of standard dogmas, but usually as a compass for practical orientations (“lifeworlds”). This more pragmatic character of the faith established it as a relevant factor in three arenas in which common social life acquires meaning: participatory ethics, public philosophies, and global networks. The book argues that all three are poorly understood in recent literature, which tends to focus on one specific problem or another, and then in isolation from global and historical contexts. The book argues that the larger preoccupations of ordinary Muslims—how to live in a global society; how to guide life in the manner of a total philosophy; and how to relate to the world of daily struggles—are unique neither to the present period nor to religious life. But the career of a particular religion—Islam in this case—offers a focused empirical lens through which we may learn something more about the nature of global citizenship; the philosophical needs of ordinary people; and the sorts of ethics that facilitate social participation.
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Diamond, James A., Menachem Kellner, and Seth Kadish. Reinventing Maimonides in Contemporary Jewish Thought. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781906764951.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Every work on Jewish thought and law since the twelfth century bears the imprint of Maimonides. A. N. Whitehead's famous dictum that the entire European philosophical tradition ‘consists of a series of footnotes to Plato’ could equally characterize Maimonides' place in the Jewish tradition. The critical studies in this volume explore how Orthodox rabbis of different orientations — Shlomo Aviner, Naftali Zvi Yehudah Berlin (Netziv), Kalonymus Kalman Shapira, Joseph Kafih, Abraham Isaac Kook, Aaron Kotler, Joseph Soloveitchik, and Elhanan Wasserman — have read and provided footnotes to Maimonides in the long twentieth century. How well did they really understand Maimonides? And where do their arguments fit in the mainstream debates about him and his works? Each of the seven core chapters examines a particular approach. Some rabbis have tried to liberate themselves from the influence of his ideas. Others have sought to build on those ideas or expand them in ways which Maimonides himself did not pursue, and which he may well not have agreed with. Still others advance patently non-Maimonidean positions, while attributing them to none other than Maimonides. Above all, the chapters published here demonstrate that his legacy remains vibrantly alive today.
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Duvernoy, Russell J. Affect and Attention After Deleuze and Whitehead. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474466912.001.0001.
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The book develops a process metaphysical conception of subjectivity from the work of Gilles Deleuze and Alfred North Whitehead. This alters existential orientations towards affect and attention in ways described as ecological attunement. The study is guided by two methodological commitments: (i) demonstrating the importance and relevance of responsible speculative thinking and (ii) translating metaphysical ideas into their existential implications. Both commitments are motivated by a contemporary context of ecological crisis and paradigm transformation. In the course of its argument, the book relates the work of Deleuze and Whitehead to other speculative trends in recent philosophy, particularly posthumanisms and speculative realisms. Deleuze and Whitehead are read in a shared lineage of radical empiricism that emphasizes processes and events as metaphysically primary. A key theme is understanding subjectivity through dynamic processes of individuation at variable scales where feeling/affect and attention acquire metaphysical rather than psychological scope and status. Whitehead’s analysis of “feeling” as metaphysical operation is explored in relation to Deleuze and Guattari's Spinozist-inspired deployment of affect. Attending participates as a crucial bridge between the metaphysical and the existential in processes of consolidation of present real actual occasions. The book develops existential implications of these claims in the context of an expanded philosophical conception of ecology. These implications challenge dominant modes of subjectification under what Guattari calls “Integrated World Capitalism” (IWC). The book concludes with discussion of how speculative philosophy may contribute to alternative futures.
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Deane-Drummond, Celia E. Theological Ethics through a Multispecies Lens. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198843344.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
There are two driving questions informing this book. The first is where does our moral life come from? The presupposition is that considering morality broadly is inadequate. Instead, different aspects need to be teased apart. It is not sufficient to assume that different virtues are bolted onto a vicious animality, red in tooth and claw. Nature and culture have interlaced histories. By weaving in evolutionary theories and debates on the evolution of compassion, justice, and wisdom, the book shows a richer account of who we are as moral agents. The second driving question concerns our relationships with animals. There is dissatisfaction with animal rights frameworks and an argument instead for a more complex community-based multispecies approach. Hence, rather than extending rights, a more radical approach is a holistic multispecies framework for moral action. This need not weaken individual responsibility. The intention is not to develop a manual of practice, but rather to build towards an alternative philosophically informed approach to theological ethics, including animal ethics. The theological thread weaving through this account is wisdom. Wisdom has many different levels, and in the broadest sense is connected with the flow of life understood in its interconnectedness and sociality. It is profoundly theological and practical. In naming the project the evolution of wisdom a statement is being made about where wisdom may have come from and its future orientation. But justice, compassion, and conscience are not far behind, especially in so far as they are relevant to both individual decision-making and institutions.