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Fotieva, Irina, Tamara Semilet, Elena Lukashevich, and Vladimir Vitvinchuk. Russian journalism today: social mission and professional skills. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1044192.
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This monograph is the search for answers to the questions that confront contemporary Russian journalism social and cultural situation of modernity. The authors analyze the correlation of proper and existing in the implementation of the social mission of journalism, the journalism education system, the use of media technologies, the field of journalistic ethics, language and communicative practices of the public sphere, the social effects produced by the media. 
 As the main characteristics of the modern state of Russian journalism finds confrontation and the confrontation of philosophical positions and methodological studies; in the field of journalism education — the confrontation of the instrumental-pragmatic and humanitarian paradigms; in the creation of modern media — focus on creativity or technology; tolerance or ethics in media communication; definition of leadership in the formation of public opinion and the ignition of problem areas.
 Attempts a comprehensive comprehension of the actual problems of modern Russian media: axiological foundations and the social role of journalism; the criteria of journalistic skills and professional ethics; perspectives of media education, language problems of modern communication and success factors of verbal interaction in the media.
 Designed for teachers of University departments and faculties of journalism and other Humanities, students in related disciplines and all interested in data range of issues.
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1937-, White Patricia, and University of London. Institute of Education., eds. Personal and social education: Philosophical perspectives. Kogan Page in association with the Institute of Education, University of London, 1989.
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Personal and Social Education: Philosophical Perspectives (Bedford Way Series). Kogan Page, 1989.
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W, Kenney Janet, ed. Philosophical and theoretical perspectives for advanced nursing practice. 2nd ed. Jones and Bartlett, 1999.
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Lai, Karyn, and Wai Wai Chiu. Skill and Mastery: Philosophical Stories from the Zhuangzi. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated, 2019.
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Skill and Mastery: Philosophical Stories from the Zhuangzi. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated, 2019.
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Lai, Karyn, and Wai Wai Chiu. Skill and Mastery: Philosophical Stories from the Zhuangzi. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated, 2019.
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Butz, Karel. Achieving Musical Success in the String Classroom. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190602888.001.0001.
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Achieving Musical Success in the String Classroom describes the author’s pragmatic pedagogical approach toward developing complete musicianship in beginning through advanced-level string players by incorporating the ideas of Mimi Zweig, Paul Rolland, and Shinichi Suzuki. The author’s philosophical assumptions are explained in regard to the structure and purpose of string teaching contributing to a high level of musical artistry among students. Introductory through advanced string concepts relating to instrument setup, posture, left- and right-hand development, music theory, aural skills, assessment procedures, imagery in playing, the development of individual practice and ensemble skills, and effective rehearsal strategies are explained in a sequential approach that benefits the classroom teacher and student. In addition, several score examples, sample lesson plans, and grading rubrics, as well as videos of the author demonstrating his pedagogical ideas and techniques with musicians, are included.
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Ganeri, Jonardon, ed. The Oxford Handbook of Indian Philosophy. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199314621.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook of Indian Philosophy tells the story of philosophy in India through a series of exceptional individual acts of philosophical virtuosity. It brings together forty leading international scholars to record the diverse figures, movements, and approaches that constitute philosophy in the geographical region of the Indian subcontinent, a region sometimes nowadays designated South Asia. The chapters provide a synopsis of the liveliest areas of contemporary research and set new agendas for nascent directions of exploration. Each of the chapters provides compelling evidence that in the global exercise of human intellectual skills India, throughout its history, has been a hugely sophisticated and important presence, host to an astonishing range of exceptionally creative minds engaged in an extraordinary diversity of the most astute philosophical exploration conceivable. It spans philosophy of law, logic, politics, environment, and society, but is most strongly associated with wide-ranging discussions in the philosophy of mind and language, epistemology and metaphysics (how we know and what is there to be known), ethics, meta-ethics, and aesthetics, and meta-philosophy. The reach of Indian ideas has been vast, both historically and geographically, and it has been and continues to be a major influence in world philosophy. In the breadth as well as the depth of its philosophical investigation, in the sheer bulk of surviving texts and in the diffusion of its ideas, the philosophical heritage of India easily stands comparison with that of China, Greece, the Latin West, or the Islamic world.
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Sadler, John Z. Values-Based Psychiatric Ethics. Edited by John Z. Sadler, K. W. M. Fulford, and Cornelius Werendly van Staden. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732365.013.35.
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This chapter provides a detailed argument as to why philosophical ethics is a problematic starting point for theorizing psychiatric ethics practice. Following this critique, the author reviews values-based practice (VBP) as offering a practice framework to theorize the particular domain of psychiatric ethics practice. Values-based psychiatric ethics (VBPE) is based upon VBP and focuses on the role of clinician virtue, as well as analytic and clinical skills in working with stakeholders, a “trumps-hierarchy” heuristic which identifies hidden personal and social values, as well as social power structures, and a focus on technique and immediate practical “doing” in clinical encounters. Detailed examples of application are provided.
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Mcrae, Emily. The Psychology of Moral Judgment and Perception in Indo-Tibetan Buddhist Ethics. Edited by Daniel Cozort and James Mark Shields. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198746140.013.24.
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In this chapter two Buddhist moral psychological categories are analysed: the brahmavihāras (the four Boundless Qualities), which are the main moral affective states in Buddhist ethics, and the kleśas, or the afflictive mental states. Based on this analysis, two general claims about moral psychology in Indo-Tibetan Buddhist ethics are argued for. First, that Buddhist moral psychology is centrally interested in the psychology of moral improvement: how do I become the kind of person who can respond in the best possible way to the moral needs of myself and others? Second, and related, Buddhist moral psychology focuses on the skills of moral perception and attention. Moral philosophical arguments, it is argued, are generally offered in the context of self-cultivation exercises and not, as they often are in Western ethics, as models of moral deliberation.
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Alperson, Philip. Musical Improvisation and the Philosophy of Music. Edited by George E. Lewis and Benjamin Piekut. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195370935.013.001.
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This chapter argues that the prevailing orienting concepts and tenets of contemporary philosophy of music—the centrality of aesthetic objects, the assumption of the mono-functionality of music, the paradigm of European classical music, and the spectatorialist perspective—do not provide the basis for an adequate understanding of musical improvisation. The essays calls for a more robust philosophical consideration of the gamut of improvisational activity, including the aesthetic aspects of musical improvisation, the range of musical and social skills made manifest by improvisers, and the deeper social meanings of the practice, including the implicit reference to human freedom and situated meanings that arise from the national, ethnic, racial, gendered, and socio-economic contexts in which the music arises. Such a view would be theoretically nuanced, empirically informed, phenomenologically sensitive, and ineliminably indexed to the manifold ways in which improvised music situates itself in the complex of human affairs.
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Chochinov, Harvey Max, Susan E. McClement, and Maia S. Kredentser. Dignity and palliative end-of-life care. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0106.
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The concept of dignity continues to receive attention in health care, with particular implications for end-of-life care. This chapter reviews current conceptualizations of dignity, integrating medical, philosophical, and ontological perspectives. The centrality of dignity to palliative care is discussed, exploring empirical findings, which examine what dignity means to patients and families in the context of illness and end-of-life care. The chapter provides an overview of validated tools, evidence-based therapies, and practical ‘everyday’ communication skills that health-care providers in diverse clinical settings can use to enhance patient dignity. Suggestions are provided for extending existing research into the notion of dignity as it relates to vulnerable groups, and how interventions aimed at supporting patient dignity can impact family members. Dignity subsumes many key aspects of comprehensive care, which can guide health-care providers towards improving end-of-life experiences for patients and families.
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Moyn, Samuel. Human Rights in Heaven. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198713258.003.0004.
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This chapter inquires into the value of philosophical debates about human rights for those interested in international and transnational human rights politics. At a minimum, the goal is to insist that philosophers have an honest answer to what broader purposes they are serving when they bring their unique skills to a fraught global debate—and what risks of their own they incur given the temptation of falling back on their talents for affirming normativity and clarifying norms rather than explaining what the rest of us do with them in a complex world of passion and force. Slightly more boldly, the point is to call for an alternative version of philosophy—including an alternative philosophy of human rights—that embraces the situation that outsiders acknowledge as an unavoidable condition: caught in the rough and tumble or outright strife of politics, in a historically constituted world, that even philosophy cannot escape.
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Silk, Alex. Normative Language in Context. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805076.003.0009.
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This chapter develops a contextualist account of normative language, focusing on broadly normative readings of modal verbs. The account draws on a more general framework for implementing a contextualist semantics and pragmatics, Discourse Contextualism. The aim of Discourse Contextualism is to derive the discourse properties of normative language from a contextualist interpretation of an independently motivated formal semantics, along with principles of interpretation and conversation. In using normative language, interlocutors can exploit their grammatical and world knowledge, and general pragmatic reasoning skills, to manage an evolving system of norms. Discourse Contextualism provides a perspicuous framework for further philosophical theorizing about the nature of normativity, normative language, and normative judgment. Delineating these issues can help refine our understanding of the space of overall theories and motivate more fruitful ways the dialectics may proceed. Discourse Contextualism provides a linguistic basis for a more comprehensive theory of normativity and normative discourse and practice.
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Wong, Agnes M. F. The Art and Science of Compassion, A Primer. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197551387.001.0001.
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The Art and Science of Compassion, A Primer is designed as a short, “all-in-one,” introductory text that covers the full gamut of compassion, from the evolutional, biological, behavioural, and psychological, to the social, philosophical, and spiritual. Written with busy trainees, clinicians, and educators in mind, it aims to address the following questions: What is compassion? Is it innate or a trainable skill? What do different scientific disciplines, including neuroscience, tell us about compassion? Why is “compassion fatigue” a misnomer? What are the obstacles to compassion? Why are burnout, moral suffering, and bullying so rampant in healthcare? And, finally, what does it take to cultivate compassion? Drawing on her diverse background as a clinician, scientist, educator, and chaplain, Dr. Wong presents a wealth of scientific evidence supporting that compassion is both innate and trainable. By interleaving personal experiences and reflections, she shares her insights on what it takes to cultivate compassion to support the art of medicine and caregiving. The training described draws on both contemplative and scientific disciplines to help clinicians develop cognitive, attentional, affective, and somatic skills that are critical for the cultivation of compassion. Compassion not only benefits the recipients, produces better patient care, and improves the healthcare system, but it is also a boundless source of energy, resilience, and wellness for the givers. With striking illustrations for key concepts and a concise summary for each chapter, this book provides a solid conceptual framework and practical approaches to cultivate compassion. It serves to complement the experiential component of compassion that the readers are strongly encouraged to develop and practise in their daily lives.
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Dorfman, Jay. Theory and Practice of Technology-Based Music Instruction. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199795581.001.0001.
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Based on educational theory and on recognized music teaching methods, Theory and Practice of Technology-Based Music Instruction develops a framework for examining music teaching that uses technology to introduce, reinforce, and assess skills and concepts. The framework guides in-depth discussions about theoretical and philosophical foundations of technology-based music instruction (TBMI), materials for teaching, teaching behaviors, and assessment of student work, teacher work, and fit of technology into the music program. The book includes examples of TBMI lessons from real teachers, and analyses of the successful and developing parts of these lessons. The book also addresses issues of accountability and standards; recommendations for professional development; and the future of the field, embodied in emerging technologies, alternative ensembles, and social issues. It will be a key volume for teachers implementing new curricular offerings and for music teacher educators as a foundation for teaching with technology beyond a focus on software and hardware.
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Ludlow, Morwenna. Art, Craft, and Theology in Fourth-Century Christian Authors. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198848837.001.0001.
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Ancient authors commonly compared writing with painting. The sculpting of the soul was a common philosophical theme. This book takes its starting-point from such figures to recover a sense of ancient authorship as craft. The ancient concept of craft (ars, technē) spans ‘high’ or ‘fine’ art and practical or applied arts. It unites the beautiful and the useful. It includes both skills or practices (like medicine and music) and productive arts like painting, sculpting, and the composition of texts. By using craft as a guiding concept for understanding fourth-century Christian authorship, this book recovers a sense of them engaged in a shared practice which is both beautiful and theologically useful, which shapes souls but which is also engaged in the production of texts. It focuses on Greek writers, especially the Cappadocians (Basil of Caesarea, Gregory of Nazianzus, and Gregory of Nyssa) and John Chrysostom, all of whom were trained in rhetoric. Through a detailed examination of their use of two particular literary techniques—ekphrasis and prosōpopoeia—it shows how they adapt and experiment with them, in order to make theological arguments and in order to evoke an active response from their readership.
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Wildman, Wesley J. Afterword. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815990.003.0007.
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The Afterword offers a personal confessio to underline what the book argues, namely, that rational considerations alone, in isolation from the intensities of personal experience, do not take us as far as we might like in philosophical-theological inquiry. Comparative debates in philosophical theology—like aesthetic appraisal, and also like judgments of relative plausibility more generally, including the courtroom rulings of skilled judges—often trade in unspoken and even unconscious preferences. We can all too easily rationalize such preferences but rational discipline requires something other than mere rationalistic evasion: we must analyze them in order to gain control over their influence in our intellectual reasoning.
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Seeman, Sonia Tamar. Sounding Roman. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199949243.001.0001.
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Sounding Roman traces the role of music performance in maintaining, shaping, and challenging ascribed social identities of Roman (“Gypsy”) groups, who constitute one of the most socially reviled and yet culturally romanticized minorities in Turkey. Roman communities have been a ubiquitous presence, contributing to social, cultural, and economic life since the Byzantine period in Anatolia up to the present. Alternately exoticized and reviled, Roman communities were valued for their occupational skills and entertainment services. Based on detailed historiographic study and twenty years of ethnographic work, this book examines the issue of cultural and musical representations for creating, maintaining, and contesting social identity practices through philosophical reflections on meaningful symbolic configurations in metaphoricity, iconicity, and mimesis paired with a sociological interrogation of unequal power relationships. Through these lenses, the book investigates the potential of musical performance to configure new social identities and open pathways for political action, while exploring the limits of cultural representation to effect meaningful social change. The book begins with historical representations of çingene as a marked ethnic and social group during the Byzantine to late Ottoman Empire. It then traces how such constructions were revised during the period of the modern Turkish Republic through the creation of a commercial musical genre, the Roman dance tune (Roman oyun havası). The book includes a companion website with illustrative texts, images, and audio examples.
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Wilson, Mark. Physics Avoidance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803478.001.0001.
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“Physics avoidance” refers to the fact that we frequently cannot reason about nature in the straightforward manner we anticipate, but must seek alternate policies to address the questions we want answered in a tractable way. Within both science and everyday life, we find ourselves tacitly relying upon thought processes that reach useful answers in opaque and roundabout manners. Conceptual innovators are often puzzled by the techniques they develop, when they stumble across reasoning patterns that are easy to implement but difficult to justify. But simple techniques frequently rest upon complex foundations—a young magician learns how to execute a card guessing trick without understanding how its progressive steps squeeze in on a correct answer. As we collectively improve our inferential skills in this evolving manner, we often wander into unfamiliar explanatory landscapes in which simple words encode physical information in complex and unanticipated ways. We have learned how to reach better conclusions, but we have become baffled by our successes. At its best, philosophical reflection illuminates the natural developmental processes that generate these confusions. But a number of widely shared methodological presumptions currently operate to opposite effect—they obscure the very tactics that advance our descriptive capacities. To correct these misapprehensions, sharper diagnostic tools are wanted. The nine new essays within this collection illustrate this need for finer discriminations through a range of informative cases of historical and contemporary significance.
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Bezzant, Rhys S. Edwards the Mentor. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190221201.001.0001.
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Among his many accolades, Jonathan Edwards was an effective mentor who trained many leaders for the church. Though his pastoral work is often overlooked, this book investigates the background, method, theological rationale, and legacy of his mentoring ministry. He does what mentors normally do—meeting with individuals to discuss ideas and grow in skills—but undertakes these activities in a distinctly modern or affective key. His correspondence is composed in an informal style, his understanding of friendship and conversation takes up the conventions of the great metropolitan cities of Europe of his day, his pedagogical commitments are surprisingly progressive, and his aspirations for those he mentors are bold and subversive. The practice of mentoring is presented in this book as the exchange between authority and agency, in which the more experienced person in the mentoring relationship empowers the one in the position of a learner, whose own character and competencies are nurtured. When Edwards explains his mentoring practice theologically, he expounds the theme of seeing God face to face, which recognizes that human beings learn through the example of friends as well as the exposition of propositions. The book is a case study in cultural engagement, for Edwards deliberately takes up certain features of the modern world in his mentoring and yet resists other pressures that the Enlightenment generated. If his world witnessed the philosophical evacuation of God from the created order, Edwards’s mentoring is designed to draw God back into an intimate connection with human experience.
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Chen, Min, J. Michael Dunn, Amos Golan, and Aman Ullah, eds. Advances in Info-Metrics. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190636685.001.0001.
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Info-metrics is a framework for modeling, reasoning, and drawing inferences under conditions of noisy and insufficient information. It is an interdisciplinary framework situated at the intersection of information theory, statistical inference, and decision-making under uncertainty. In a recent book on the Foundations of Info-Metrics, Golan (OUP, 2018) provides the theoretical underpinning of info-metrics and the necessary tools and building blocks for using that framework. This volume complements Golan’s book and expands on the series of studies on the classical maximum entropy and Bayesian methods published in the different proceedings started with the seminal collection of Levine and Tribus (1979) and continuing annually. The objective of this volume is to expand the study of info-metrics, and information processing, across the sciences and to further explore the basis of information-theoretic inference and its mathematical and philosophical foundations. This volume is inherently interdisciplinary and applications oriented. It contains some of the recent developments in the field, as well as many new cross-disciplinary case studies and examples. The emphasis here is on the interrelationship between information and inference where we view the word ‘inference’ in its most general meaning – capturing all types of problem solving. That includes model building, theory creation, estimation, prediction, and decision making. The volume contains nineteen chapters in seven parts. Although chapters in each part are related, each chapter is self-contained; it provides the necessary tools for using the info-metrics framework for solving the problem confronted in that chapter. This volume is designed to be accessible for researchers, graduate students, and practitioners across the disciplines, requiring only some basic quantitative skills. The multidisciplinary nature and applications provide a hands-on experience for the reader.
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Fena, Fatima. Haji Mullā Hādī Sabzawārī (d. 1878),. Edited by Khaled El-Rouayheb and Sabine Schmidtke. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199917389.013.29.
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Ḥājj Mullā Hādī Sabzawārī (1212/1797 or 1798–1289/1873), was one of the major followers and commentators of Mullā Ṣadrā’s transcendent philosophy. Sabzawārī’s profound understanding of the transcendent philosophy and his skill in teaching and commenting upon it was such that after Mullā Ṣadrā himself, Sabzawārī is generally considered to have played one of the most important roles in the development and propagation of this school. The most important work of Sabzawārī is the Ghurar al-farāʾid and his own commentary upon it is a relatively systematic summary of introduction to Mullā Ṣadrā’s magnum opus, the Asfār. The chapter introduces and analyzes the major principles and foundations of Sabzawārī’s philosophical thought, including the three fundamental principles of the ontology of the transcendent philosophy: the primacy of existence (aṣālat al-wujūd), the unity of the reality of existence (waḥdat ḥaqīqat al-wujūd), and gradation in the levels of being (tashkīk al-wujūd).
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Boyer-Kassem, Thomas, Conor Mayo-Wilson, and Michael Weisberg, eds. Scientific Collaboration and Collective Knowledge. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190680534.001.0001.
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Descartes once argued that, with sufficient effort and skill, a single scientist could uncover fundamental truths about our world. Contemporary science proves the limits of this claim. From synthesizing the human genome to predicting the effects of climate change, some current scientific research requires the collaboration of hundreds (if not thousands) of scientists with various specializations. Additionally, the majority of published scientific research is now coauthored, including more than 80% of articles in the natural sciences. Small collaborative teams have become the norm in science. This is the first volume to address critical philosophical questions about how collective scientific research could be organized differently and how it should be organized. For example, should scientists be required to share knowledge with competing research teams? How can universities and grant-giving institutions promote successful collaborations? When hundreds of researchers contribute to a discovery, how should credit be assigned—and can minorities expect a fair share? When collaborative work contains significant errors or fraudulent data, who deserves blame? In this collection of essays, leading philosophers of science address these critical questions, among others. Their work extends current philosophical research on the social structure of science and contributes to the growing, interdisciplinary field of social epistemology. The volume’s strength lies in the diversity of its authors’ methodologies. Employing detailed case studies of scientific practice, mathematical models of scientific communities, and rigorous conceptual analysis, contributors to this volume study scientific groups of all kinds, including small labs, peer-review boards, and large international collaborations like those in climate science and particle physics.
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Stanghellini, Giovanni, Matthew Broome, Andrea Raballo, Anthony Vincent Fernandez, Paolo Fusar-Poli, and René Rosfort, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Phenomenological Psychopathology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198803157.001.0001.
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For about one century the catalogue of books in phenomenological psychopathology has been tremendously rich in essays, but remarkably poor in handbooks. Even the cornerstone of our canon, Jaspers’ General Psychopathology, originally written as a textbook, can hardly be given to a student as a basic reading. This makes extremely difficult teaching the fundamentals of our discipline. Students ask for manualized knowledge expecting teachers to explain them what-exactly-must-be-done-in-a-given-circumstance. This Handbook is meant to fill these gaps. It includes a detailed, thorough and reader-friendly description of philosophical and clinical key-concepts and constructs, and of the contributions of leading figures of phenomenological psychopathology. It establishes clear connections between psychopathological knowledge and clinical practice. It liaise phenomenological psychopathology to contemporary debates in nosography, clinical epistemology, research and the neurosciences. It’s stronger benefit is that it brings together evidence-based with person-based knowledge. All learning is based on process of recognition. ‘Recognition’ means identification of someone or something from previous encounters or knowledge. In standard clinical training this process is called ‘diagnosis’ and evidence-based diagnostic skills are deemed fundamental. Students are spot-on when soliciting this kind of knowledge to be regimented and normalized. Yet ‘recognition’ has a second meaning: acknowledging the absolute singularity of what is out there. To recognize someone or something means to be able to tolerate its otherness. This kind of recognition is a practice in which epistemology is in touch with ethics. Whereas recognition qua identification or diagnosis is an act of recollection based on previously acquired knowledge, recognition qua acknowledgement is an ethical act of acceptance of the unique being-so of the other person or state of affairs. The Handbook of Phenomenological Psychopathology engages in bringing together these two kinds of ‘recognition’ and establish a solid as well as flexible framework for the clinic of mental disorders.
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Zitin, Abigail. Practical Form. Yale University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300244564.001.0001.
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In early eighteenth-century Britain, writers asked after the nature and causes of the pleasure we feel when we encounter beauty. It took a painter, however, to steer the nascent field of philosophical aesthetics toward questions of spatial form. Drawing inspiration from William Hogarth’s 1753 treatise on beauty, this book traces the development of form as a concept in and for aesthetics. Hogarth’s experience as a draftsman and printmaker guided his dissent from the developing consensus on aesthetic pleasure and standards of taste. The immediate cause of aesthetic pleasure, he argues, is beautiful form, which is detected through the activity of formal abstraction. The insight that formal abstraction has heuristic value in judging beauty emerges from the way practitioners think about skill across the domains of art and craft. Zitin’s account of the history of form in eighteenth-century thought substitutes women and artisans, as virtuosos of aesthetic judgment, for the proverbial man of taste, a substitution with the power to reshape our understanding of canonical statements on aesthetics from the writings of Shaftesbury to Kant’s Third Critique.
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de Regt, Henk W. Understanding and the Aims of Science. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190652913.003.0002.
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Philosophers of science have long believed that understanding, contrary to explanation, is a philosophically irrelevant notion. On Carl Hempel’s influential view, understanding is psychological and pragmatic, and can therefore be ignored by philosophers. This chapter argues, by contrast, that understanding is not merely a psychological byproduct of explanations but a central aim of science, and that it is accordingly epistemically significant. On the basis of an analysis of the processes of constructing and evaluating scientific explanations, it argues that the production of scientific knowledge and explanations involves skill and judgment, which implies the requirement that scientific theories be intelligible. Intelligibility, defined as the value that scientists attribute to the cluster of qualities that facilitate the use of a theory, is essential for achieving the epistemic aims of science. Finally, it argues that the pragmatic nature of understanding does not undermine the objectivity of scientific explanation and understanding.
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Chodat, Robert. The Advanced U.S. Citizenship of David Foster Wallace. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190682156.003.0006.
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This chapter begins by examining the ways that Ludwig Wittgenstein and Stanley Cavell helped David Foster Wallace overcome the allure of philosophical logic, and allowed him to appreciate the artistic and moral powers of the improvisatory human voice. More persistently than Cavell, however, Wallace sought a broad account of our contemporary sociopolitical condition. This impulse led Wallace to take seriously the virtues of civic humanism—mature temperance, skilled knowledge, practical wisdom—that begins with Aristotle and descends to Dewey and Wallace’s own father, the philosopher James D. Wallace. Wallace’s fiction, however, allots little space for the civic virtues that most capture Wallace the essayist. Everywhere in Infinite Jest we see meaning reduced to matter, purposeful action reduced to compulsion, and when Wallace tries in The Pale King to give body to his highest words, he ends up—as one character in the text puts it—“talking like a civics class.”
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Ayyar, R. V. Vaidyanatha. Reform Impulses in a Bipolar Government. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199474943.003.0015.
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This chapter describes the far reaching changes as a result of which the Indian education system ceased to be almost exclusively public funded and closed system, how these far reaching changes were not steered by any policy of the Government, and how the policy has to catch up to do. It describes how the early initiatives of the Manmohan Government aroused great hopes that higher education was poised for remarkable transformation, and how these hopes were dashed as the Prime Minister was only a minor centre of power and could not prevail upon Arjun Singh to accept the ambitious reform agenda drawn up by the National Knowledge Commission (NKC) he set up. It also describes the special focus on skill development and the new initiatives launched during the Eleventh Five Year Plan such as the expansion of Central Universities, IITs, IIMs and NITs, and the launch of Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA). It compares and contrasts the philosophical underpinnings and recommendations of the NKC and Yash Pal Committee on the rejuvenation of Higher Education, and critques the recommendations of that Committee’s idea of university, and its proposal to constitute a National Commission on Higher Education and Research as an imperium imperio.
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Caston, Victor, ed. Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy, Volume 57. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850847.001.0001.
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Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy volume LVII (Winter 2019) Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy provides, twice each year, a collection of the best current work in the field of ancient philosophy. Each volume features original essays that contribute to an understanding of a wide range of themes and problems in all periods of ancient Greek and Roman philosophy, from its beginnings to the middle ages. From its first volume in 1983, OSAP has been a highly influential venue for work in the field, and has often featured essays of substantial length as well as critical essays on books of distinctive importance. Volume LVII contains studies of: the relation between professional skill (technē) and rule (archē) in the refutation of Thrasymachus in Plato’s Republic; the central role of beauty in moral development in Plato’s Phaedrus; the ‘Digression’ in Plato’s Theaetetus and the normative implications of objective measurement; Plato’s response to the Eleatics in his Parmenides and the development of the idea that the Forms must participate in each other; the last definition of ‘sophist’ in Plato’s Sophist, which is shown to be a genuine expertise; the conception of character virtue in Aristotle’s Eudemian Ethics and how it contributes to the correctness of decisions in the virtuous person; the nature of practical reasoning and practical intellect in Aristotle’s ethics; Aristotle’s notion of ‘practical truth’; Aristotle’s conception of vice; Epicurus’ hedonism as psychological, but not ethical; ancient Cynicism as a philosophical ‘way of life’; and Jacob Burckhardt’s complex relation to ancient Greek philosophy and its place in Greek cultural history.