Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Philosophie analytique'
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Rossi, Jean-Gérard. "Le problème ontologique dans la philosophie analytique." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX10031.
Full textThe thesis concerning the ultimate character of the distinction between subject and predicate was challenged by f. P. Ramsey in 1926. His critique signified, among other things, the collapse of the standard conception which associated the logical dichotomy of propositional constituants (subject and predicate) with ontological dualism (particulars and universals) and with the metaphysical distinction between substances and qualities. The impact of this critique was reinforced by the emergense of "new physics" which placed traditional idea of substance in question while simultaneously introducing the notion of event. The present work focuses on the shift between two fundamentally different conceptual schemes, the old on founded on substance, the new on event. In light of this shift a new interpretation becomes possible of ontological dualism
DUMONCEL, JEAN CLAUDE. "Le systeme de whitehead et la philosophie analytique." Nantes, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NANT3020.
Full textThe speculative scheme of whitehead is here provided with a translation in the language of analytical philosophy. F. B. Fitch's pionneering use of combinatory logic with the same purpose serves as a paradigm, but the emphasis is placed on modal logic, understood in the manner of hintikka, that is as a general tool for characterizing philosophical concepts. E. G. , whitehead's notion of "propositionnal feeling" is here considered under russell's notion of propositional attitude. The obtained apparatus is then tested on two selected topics in the field of fundational studies : first, the problem arising from the divergence between frege and fitch on the fundamentals of "pure grammar"; second, the problem of interpreting quantum mechanics. The solution offered to the first problem (i. E. The way of combinatory logic) and the one proposed for the second problem (i. I. Wave mechanics as it is understood by de broglie and popper) are each conceived as a case of "creativity", the ultimate category of whitehead's metaphysics, thus showing the overall unity of the entire system. In the course of the whole enterprise, the tradition leading from plato to whitehead, via leibniz and charles-sanders peirce, requires to be mobilized, and shows its living power by the way
Gruet, Stéphane. "L'oeuvre et le temps. analytique /." Toulouse : Éd. "Poïesis"-AERA, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40022208p.
Full textChevalier, Olivia. "La méthode analytique cartésienne : entre mathématiques et philosophie première." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100195.
Full textSince about his way to proue in mathematics and metaphysics Descartes talks in the singular of his "voie analytique ", our aim is to define the univocal use of what lie calls « analysis », understood as a thought process. Indeed, this point raines a problem because of the lack of logical sirnilarities between the proofs in these two disciplines. Descartes says that the analytic way allows us to discover truths while constructing the solution to a problem (the problem of Pappus or of certainty). Then, analyzing, for Descartes, amounts to proving while constructing the solution to a problem. So, we try to understand the links existing between the proof of truths (a truth is established once we have discovered it) and the method which gives the procedures of it. Hence we talk of Cartesian "analytic method". We then redraw the steps of the conception of the notion of analysis which, to us, seem to lead to its Cartesian meaning, insisting on the important role algebra plays in its formation. Afterwards, we draw the criteria which bear certain properties to this analytic thought process, and which enable us to recognize it; finally, we exhibit the limit of this univocal conception when Descartes cornes to handle the notion of infinity. The stakes of our study are the following ones exhibit a Cartesian "theory of proof"; the impossibility to disconnect Descartes as mathernatician and philosopher; the latter point serving a general thesis (at least true until the 18`h century) essential to us the impossibility to separate the history of truth from the history of mathematics
Devienne, Philippe. "Une approche analytique de la philosophie des droits de l’animal." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040202.
Full textAnimals play an essential social, economic, affective role in human societies. Nevertheless, do animals have rights in a society which breeds them in industrial conditions, experiments on them, eats them without qualms, and allows bullfights? The author’s purpose is to show that, from the theses of Wittgenstein, Austin, Cavell and Putnam, when the protagonists of animal rights and their opponents use science, technical subjects or metaphysics, they don’t only speak for the animal, but in fact they speak for “me”. The considerations of the history of the philosophy of animal rights reveal that the process of human philosophical thought about animals, with there human representations and conceptual frames about animals, go astray since these processes retain only one aspect of the animal, which causes us to loose the bond we have with them. On the contrary, the Philosophy of Ordinary Language describes the intimacy of our words in our relation with the animal, revealing not only a relation of knowledge, but our commitment to them in our human society within our “size”. Pursuing the question of whether we agree or disagree on which ordinary words to use, two political approaches are held: firstly, an agreement on language showing at which point our thinking can clear up into a pragmatist stance towards the animal, and secondly, the agreement in language, in which I (each one of us) am the bond between the animal and my society. These two approaches bring us to the ethics of the otherness with animals
Neuberg, Marc. "Philosophie de l'action : contribution critique à la théorie analytique de l'action /." Bruxelles : Académie royale de Belgique, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb356026545.
Full textCastellan, Arielle. "Étude comparée de la notion de personne dans la philosophie stoïcienne et dans la philosophie contemporaine." Amiens, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AMIE0032.
Full textMy purpose in this work is to suggest a new approach of the notion of person in order to solve some of the problems that seem quite endless in contemporary studies. In order to do so, I made an exam of some of the most powerful contemporary texts on personal identity to illustrate the problems that remain. I suggested then to go back to the origin of the notion through a study of the person in stoic philosophy. As a result of the confrontation between these two different ways of thinking, I tried to point out that it is possible to think the person without the concept of identity. Which means that: 1. The concept of personal identity might be the “faulty” one. 2. We can think the person even if we’re not able to define the subject
Dahrouge, Ali. "Les mouvements philosophiques dans la pensée andalouse : étude historique, analytique et comparée." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010639.
Full textThe conquest of Spain by Islamic troops occuers as early as the first decade of the eight century. Very begining, intellectual Islamic centers would developed. The study of philosophy is very important to understand the islamic theology in Andalousia. We recognize clealy that the andalousian philosophy would florish through the assimilation of Greek philosophy, although it would graw in an independant school. Things that distings of the Islamic thinkers occuers in their tendancy to conciliate religion with philosophy. Through out these considerations, we cannot be forget the deep influences, that the orient would enlivened own the andalousian way of life. Nevertheless, Spain could be flowed of its proper contribution to philosophical thought, and of its distings soufi schools, would enlivened by Islamic insperation. Moreover the oriental influence cannot be oblitarated, as can be through many local the divers testimonies
Bourgeois-Gironde, Sacha. "La reconstruction analytique du cogito." Nantes, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NANT3020.
Full textThe cogito yields the first certainty on my existence. This certainty is grounded in formal properties of the cartesian dictum, especially its inferential aspect and its performatoriness. A method to define those properties and envision their relation to the nature of my mind has to be sought for. An analytic reconstruction of the cogito must avoid the generalization of both its overt and its mental properties by showing how its epistemic value is articulated upon its semantical scope and content. Beside the meaningfulness of the terms it comprehends, the fact that the cogito is a first-person utterance in the present tense is particularly relevant to the understanding of an indexical or perspectival mode of identification involved in those semantic features. Their role is to make me conceive of an ineliminable subjective way of presenting an objective thought. The other way round, i can but admit that this thought is present to my mind because it is related to some objective trait of my environment. This individuating link bears a general and referential constraint upon the interpretation of the cogito as a singular thought within a mental context. Nonetheless, even though the cogito as a pure intellection is still countable among the particular modes of cogitation, it refers in a special way to the mind itself wherein those thoughts occur. New semantic paradoxes arise when self-identification of a mind has to be brought about by a self-referring procedure. If the cogito is such a procedure, then it definitely cannot allow for a comprehensive knowledge of my essence. This knowledge is only conceivable, and must be completed by a further elucidation of a referential content of my thought. The transition from + cogito, ergo sum ; to + ego sum res cogitans ; is then interpreted as a deduction of an objective guarantee from an irreducible first-person account of my essence
Laube, Martin. "Im Bann der Sprache : die analytische Religionsphilosophie im 20. Jahrhundert /." Berlin : W. de Gruyter, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb370812045.
Full textBibliogr. p. 472-490. Index.
Franceschi, Paul Salini Dominique Panaccio Claude. "Une application des n-univers à l'argument de l'apocalypse et au paradoxe de Goodman." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://www.univ-corse.fr/f̃ranceschi/Une%20application%20des%20n-univers.pdf.
Full textRoche, Loïck. "Introduction à la question de la volonté : approche philosophique et analytique de l'action." Grenoble 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE29022.
Full textAL, KHOURY WALID. "La notion du jugement dans le mustasfa de ghazali : etude analytique et lexicographique." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010546.
Full textRéhault, Sébastien. "Métaphysique des propriétés esthétiques : une défense du réalisme." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN21022/document.
Full textThis study is a work in philosophical aesthetics and metaphysics. The main hypothesis examined and defended is that aesthetic realism is the best explanation of aesthetic normativity. Antirealist explanations are discussed and criticized. An ontology and an epistemology for aesthetic properties are proposed. Lastly, ethical implications of aesthetic realism are highlighted
Jemmali, Badreddine. "L'éthique dans la philosophie analytique : Wittgenstein et ses contemporains : limites, significations et controverses." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010515.
Full textMaliti, Dyfrig Joseph. "Autorité et pouvoir : approches historique, analytique et critique d'un problème de philosophie politique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAK016.
Full textThe modern philosophers rejected authority because it was judged to be incompatible with democratic values. Paradoxically, following the weakening of authority in the modern societies, we observe a growing number of people demanding for its "return". Following this situation, we decided to undertake, in the field of political philosophy, a study of the complex relationships that involve the concepts of authority and power, namely: What is authority and power ? How are they constituted ? What are the conditions or forces that create direct and use them? What are their modes of institutionalization in the political and legal structures that perpetuate domination and reproduce obedience ? Formulated in that way, these questions touch not only the assumption that this work tries to support, but also the problematic which our study seeks to provide an answer. It concerns the frequent confusion made by our contemporaries between, on one hand, the concepts of authority and power, and on the other, those of violence, force, domination and sovereignty often used as if they are mere synonyms. With H. Arendt we assume that since these notions "refer to different realities, the meaning of each one of them should be carefully examined and determined." We think that the correct use of these notions is "not just a matter of grammar, but also of a historical perspective," a return to the original meaning of auctoritas and potestas is necessary. This returning help us firstly, to measure the gap between what ought to be the notions of authority and power in the ancient world and what they have become today; secondly, to appreciate the inherited value that we probably do not fully make use of it today; and thirdly, the study helps us to have a better understanding of major concepts of political philosophy; and, in so doing, to be able to dispel the confusion often made between authority, power and other related concepts such as force, violence, domination and sovereignty
Furuta, Hirokiyo. "Wittgenstein und Heidegger : "Sinn" und "Logik" in der Tradition der analytischen Philosophie /." Würzburg : Königshausen & Neumann, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37494961j.
Full textDarsel, Sandrine. "Musique, propriétés expressives et émotions." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN21008/document.
Full textQuel est le rapport entre la musique et les émotions sous ses deux aspects (les propriétés expressives et les émotions de l'auditeur) ? Telle est la question centrale de cette étude. Ce problème s'inscrit dans une longue tradition de débats et de réflexions qui ont nourri les disciplines scientifiques telles que la philosophie, la sociologie, la psychologie, la musicologie, les sciences cognitives, etc., tout autant que les expériences des acteurs du domaine musical (musiciens, auditeurs, compositeurs, critiques musicaux, danseurs...). Il était donc important de proposer une réflexion ouvrant un accès à ce débat, tout en lui apportant une contribution spécifique. Cette étude s'interroge tout d'abord au sujet du mode d'existence des oeuvres musicales, à travers une réflexion approfondie sur la musique sous ses différents formes (classique, traditionnelle, jazz, rock, de variété, etc.). Une deuxième artie est consacrée à l'expression musicale des émotions : que signifie l'attribution de propriétés expressives aux oeuvres musicales ? Enfin, une troisième partie examine la question de la compréhension d'une oeuvre musicale, avec la querelle opposant les tenants du cognitivisme et ceux de l'émotivisme. La thèse défendue ici va à l'encontre des conceptions habituelles. Le plus souvent, il est admis que les énoncés esthétiques attribuant des propriétés expressives à la musique n'ont pas d'implications ontologiques et ne peuvent prétendre à la vérité. A l'inverse, il s'agit de défendre l'idée selon laquelle les propriétés expressives, loin d'être des projections de l'esprit, des manières de parler ou encore des propriétés réductibles aux propriétés physiques de base, sont réelles et extrinsèques. En ce sens, cette thèse s'inscrit dans le courant du réalisme esthétique qui prend le risque d'y articuler une ontologie immanentiste d'accueil et un émotivisme rationnel
Riegler, Anne-Sophie. "Les enjeux d'une esthétique du flamenco : étude analytique et critique du duende." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEE010/document.
Full textThis dissertation aims to make intelligible the powerful aesthetic experience called duende in flamenco. On the one hand, its irrational and idiosyncratic nature is viewed as an inexpressible reality designated by a term beyond translation. On the other hand, flamenco is a hybrid genre of art with ill-defined boundaries. It thrives on singing, instrumental music and dance, mixing popular and scholarly cultures spontaneously within a highly codified framework of communication. This triggers questions on the nature of flamenco as an art form, such as how it defines a cultural identity as well as the relations between representation, norms and practices that mutually influence each other. Since the beginning, flamenco has suffered from numerous myths and stereotypes originating from collective common thought, artistic practice or flamencology. The representation of an intense, instinctive and wild art defined by its excessiveness has long been stamped in the common knowledge as a proof of “purity”. This short-sighted and simplistic perception has thus imposed serious limitations on a rational analysis of the duende. It appears that the study of duende leads to flamenco and vice versa even if both are, so far, rather poorly defined concepts. How, then, to approach the study of flamenco through a seemingly elusive phenomenon, and how, in return, to approach the duende through art with indistinct contours? The necessary working hypothesis is then to use a flexible definition of the concept of duende, which allows for the possibility of a unifying concept for some of the majors' stakes of the flamenco
Stylianidis, Nicholas. "Les fondements épistémologiques du positivisme analytique : vers une théorie du droit préinstitutionnelle." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100068.
Full textThe thesis examines the epistemological foundations of analytical positivism, i. E. The internal and logical coherence of analytical legal positivism. Analytical legal positivism insists on the separation of law and morality and on the social sources of law. At the same time, according to this theory, a particular importance and emphasis should be given to the study of legal concepts and language. After a systematization of the components (both methodological and substantive) of this theory, the thesis identifies its internal inconsistencies and tries to reconstruct the theory of meaning of legal statements according to an extended interpretation of the presuppositions of analytical legal positivism. This reconstruction cannot offer an adequate solution to the problems of this theory: the social sources thesis of law is methodologically implausible and is not compatible with the normativity thesis of legal positivism, that insists on the normative character of law. Consequently, the thesis stetches an alternative theory of law and suggests that the sources of law are pre-institutional and that the meaning of legal statements is also pre-conventional and referential
Nzenge, Alaziambina Gikila. "Intelligence et guerres : essai sur la philosophie politique de H. Bergson : approche analytique et descriptive /." Lubumbashi : Université nationale du Zaïre, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb349088040.
Full textDelaigue, Chrystel. "Problématisation de la question du Mal à partir de la Psychologie Analytique de Carl Gustav Jung." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3018.
Full textEvil is part is those questions which have always preoccupied mankind. In this, and as if being in the heart of lives, Evil remains familar, amost ordinary. However, many are those who have tried to find meaning in Evil, or at least to define it. The singularity of those authors who sought to tackle Evil at its roots, or the multiplicity of the various fields which have tried to deliniate it, probably in order to reach beyound it, never resulted in a truly fruitfull or satisfactory outcome. In fact, Evil seems to be resitant to any type of limits, even tentative limits. In this context, could the recent developement of humain siences claim to have made progress in the understanding, if not the resolution of Evil when it is encountered? Could the psychological path represent an opportunity ? When embodied in a deranged patient, and sometimes conquered within his therapist, could we say that Evil has met a more potent opponent than other previous opponants encountered in the fields of philosophy or theology? Actually, depth psychology as developped by C.G. Jung has never ceased to seek confrontation with Evil. It seems that the Zurich master has been investigating the dark abysses in the depth of the world and the human soul, regardless of the cost of this investigation.Displaying exceptional scholarly qualities, Jung has used a great number of different references to treat this thorny topic. Particular lineages of traditions appear to support Jung's interrogations that are mixed with his personal experiences and torments. this brings us to take into consideration the encounter of various fields that have crossed but also remained separated Finally, Questioning Evil from the perspective of depth psychology brings a certain understanding of our world. If this understanding cannot in itself resolve or disolve the question of Evil, at least it presents the advantage of grasping the reasons why C.G.Jung seemed to be so frightened by what he named "Absolute Evil"
Richard, Christine. "Bertrand Russell et la métaphysique analytique." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN21002/document.
Full textThe broad objective of this study is to examine the recurrence and the posterity of some arguments drawn up by Bertrand Russell to answer one of the main ontological question: How the elements of the being are related ? How can we answer this question without raising a bradleyan endless regress? Several strategies are assessed here: answering these questions by questioning the status of the bradleyan regresses (vicious or harmless regresses?), defining the nature of the relations (particulars or universals?, internal or external relations?) or using the epistemological perspective of the truthmakers. This study is focused on D. Armstrong’s Immanent Realism, K. Campbell’s Theory of Tropes, G. Rodriguez-Pereyra’s Resemblance Nominalism, and D. W. Mertz’s Moderate Realism
Ponsonnet, Jean Marc. "Le réalisme analytique de J. M. Keynes : le rôle des fondements philosophiques dans l'oeuvre économique." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010029.
Full textIt is a reading of Keynes's work, attempting to take into account and throw light upon its epistemological and philosophical foundations. Beyond the dead-ends where the interpretation of the general theory as empirist or rationalist leads, the influences of both Moore and Russell enlighten the meaning of a treatise on probability. With his conception of probability, Keynes's analytical realism represents a chief contribution to these very authors' philosophy of knowledge. That philosophy of knowledge allows us to understand Keynes's conception of economics as a science which deals with organic and uses models. The issue is then to understand the message of the whole work and connections between a treatise on money and the general theory. A treatise on money appears as a scheme that has not been fully carried out. But, in the model Keynes outlines, the activity-level depends on the investment-volume. Consequently, the antithesis between a model presented in terms of periods and gravitation in a treatise on money, and a model based upon anticipations, which is the model of the general theory, seems of minor importance. Both converge on making more probable a proposition about economic reality
Kwon, Hyun-Chung. "Espace et mise en scène : approche analytique et esthétique du vide et du plein." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100005.
Full textLahkim, Bennani Azelarabe. "Essai sur la sémantique des noms propres." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010599.
Full textPetit, Jean-Luc. "La Sémantique de l'action une critique de la philosophie analytique de l'action au point de vue phénoménologique /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37617539p.
Full textDecauwert, Guillaume. "L'articulation des aspects logique et "mystique" du Tractatus de Wittgenstein : forme et origines de la distinction entre dire et montrer." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENP003.
Full textThis PhD thesis deals with Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-philosophicus and intends to construct an interpretation of the book by using the distinction between ‘what can be said' and ‘what shows itself' as a central thread. Starting from a study of the relationship between the logical developments of the treatise and its ‘mystical' aspect (i.e. its remarks on the idea of an absolute value), the thesis raises the problem of the structural unity of Wittgenstein's early work. It appears that this unity is intimately related to the distinction between saying and showing, which is, according to Wittgenstein, the ‘main point' of his book and ‘the cardinal problem of philosophy'. To explain the unity of the Tractatus, the present work tries to elucidate the nature of the say/show distinction—first, through an analysis of its use in the book, and second, through an investigation into its origins in the works of Frege, Russell, Hertz, Schopenhauer, Weininger, James, and Tolstoy. According to the reading presented here, all the uses of this distinction pertain to a common form, which is linked to the concept of reflexiveness (or self-reference)
Boutevin-Bonnet, Valérie. "Aspects du sujet dans la philosophie du langage ordinaire." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR30022/document.
Full textWhat kind of a notion of subject do we need in order to account for our practices, and especially our practice of language? The issue of subject and subjectivity is raised anew within the ordinary language philosophy, more particularly within J.L. Austin's speech acts theory. As a matter of fact, if language has a meaning only inasmuch as it is a speech—the speech act of a subject—language cannot be a process devoid of subject. There must be an agent to perform an act, and if the act is a speech act, the agent must be able to understand what is meant, in other words, what seems to be needed is a thinking, psychological subject. Austin's first interpretations actually went down that path. Speech acts gave birth to a new theory: pragmatics, in which intention plays a key role in meaning. Nevertheless, ordinary language philosophy is in continuity with the original project of analytical philosophy as conducted by Frege, Russell and the first Wittgenstein, who separated the meaning from the subjectivity of representations and linked it instead to the reference or denotation. The psychological subject is then excluded from the field of thought and truth. Austin continues and toughens that project. Within the speech acts theory, truth becomes the assessment dimension of some utterances within the more general category of felicity—such an assessment being possible only when the issuing of the utterance is inserted in its whole context. Therefore, what enables comprehension is context, not inwardness. So, the subject of speech acts isn't the intentional subject of mentalism. In fact, it's a subject whose thought is to be read in their behaviour, a subject whose public thought is based on and expressed in social conventions which make them responsible for what they say. The speaking subject is a social subject whose issue is to find their voice and make themselves heard, although they speak in other people's words, a responsible subject in a vulnerable position as they must answer for more than they care for
Cavallin, Jens. "Content and object : Husserl, Twardowski and psychologism /." Stockholm : Department of philosophy, University of Stockholm, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb354594273.
Full textRichard, Sébastien. "Genèse historique et logique du projet d'ontologie formelle: de l'ontologie traditionnelle à la métaphysique analytique contemporaine." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209965.
Full textDoctorat en Philosophie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Bonnet, Valerie. "Aspects du sujet dans la philosophie du langage ordinaire." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00748536.
Full textGandon, Sebastien. "Russell et la question des fondements. Etudes d'histoire et de philosophie des mathématiques au tournant du xxe siècle." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00782161.
Full textWecker, Frédéric. "Dépiction non naturelle et dépiction naturelle : images, représentation, contexte." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0347.
Full textThis work is both an essay in the philosophy of pictures which defends a renewed approach to an old question (How do pictures represent?) and a study of the use of pictures in communicative acts, by defending a pragmatic view of pictorial representation in the case of handmade pictures. Another aim of this work is to help shape a contextualist debate in the philosophy of pictures comparable to the minimalism/contextualism debate in philosophy of language as it has been defined by François Recanati (Recanati 2004, 2007, 2010). This work is not alone on the pragmatic side of the philosophy of pictures. It is a continuation of earlier preliminary works in the analytic tradition on pictures (Kjørup 1974, 1978, Novitz 1975, 1977, Eaton 1980, Korsmeyer 1985) and it is related with the current Gricean trend in philosophy of pictures (Abell 2005, 2009, 2013, Blumson 2009, 2014). On the pragmatic view shared by many of these philosophers what is pictorially represented depends upon the artist’s publicly recognizable intentions i.e. is a form of non-natural meaning. However, this work does not defend that all pictorial representation is a communicative act. Indeed, the third aim of this work is to defend an original pictorial dualism according to which the difference between handmade pictures (drawings, paintings and etchings) and photographs is based on the difference between non-natural meaning and natural meaning. Photographic representation is a variety of natural meaning. In order to describe a framework within which some photographs are natural singular signs, this work takes advantage of the recent revival of natural information theories (Millikan 2000, 2004, 2007, 2013, Shea 2007, Stegemann 2015, Scarantino 2015), and especially of the ones which meet the veridicality requirement on natural information and (in this respect) stay in line with the original Gricean notion of natural meaning. Despite our view on photographs, the pragmatic notion of what the “pictorial utterer” represents is held as the key notion and a strong emphasis is put on the pragmatic side of the pictorial/pragmatics interface. The idea here is that a communicative presumption is in place whenever a picture (handmade or photographic) is publicly displayed, similar to the communicative presumption defined by Bach and Harnish 1979 in the case of linguistic communication. This presumption is the mutual belief shared by pictorial utterers and viewers, that someone is trying to communicate something to somebody whenever a picture is publicly displayed. In ordinary circumstances, viewers are not interested in all the things naturally represented by a photograph, but only in what the photographer intends to represent. Central to our study of the use of pictures in communicative acts is the idea that free pragmatic processes operate in the very constitution of what is pictorially communicated. We argue in particular that the selective problem – or the problem of narrowing down the propositions communicated by the use of picture in a communicative act or the relevant details for the pragmatic interpretation – is solved by a free (top down) pragmatic process – pragmatic impoverishment – and not by pictorial selectivity. The informational theory of pictorial representation of Dominic Lopes (Lopes 1996), is a dialectical focus of this work, due do its specific monism which equates handmade pictures with photographic pictures, its theory of pictorial selectivity and its tendency to squeeze out communicative intentions of the communicative picture
Narboux, Jean-Philippe. "Dimensions et paradigmes : Wittgenstein et le problème de l'exemplarité." Amiens, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AMIE0002.
Full textTarrit, Fabien. "Cohen et le marxisme analytique : genèse, portée et limites d'un essai de refondation du marxisme." Reims, 2006. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02021354.
Full textThe Ph. D. Examines the intellectual pattern of the English philosopher Gerald A. Cohen together with the constitution of analytical Marxism. It deals with the possibility to reconstruct Marx’s theory on the basis of non Marxian methodological tools. First it displays the founding proposals by Cohen, who defends historical materialism with the norms of analytical philosophy. Therefore, he establishes a dialogue between two traditions who have long ignored each other. Then, it presents the reconstruction proposed by analytical Marxism, which amounts to refute the theoretical content of Marxism, especially with John Roemer’s and Jon Elster’s works. Finally it describes the move that Cohen both refuted historical materialism and gave up Marxism on the one hand, and entered the post-utilitarist debate in normative political philosophy on the other hand. We conclude that, since the interpretation proposed by Cohen and the analytical Marxists led to a failure of Marxism as a tool for understanding the social world, the plausibility of Marxism to be compatible with orthodox methodological tools is weakened, and the possibility that dialectical materialism is valid, with an unity between substance and method, is maintained
Arroyave, Montoya Myriam Diney. "La pensée géométrique dans la musique écrite occidentale. Un regard analytique sur l'oeuvre de Varèse et Webern." Paris 8, 2009. http://octaviana.fr/document/156365847#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textA space-time analogy was at the base of the construction of the diastematic writing of the Western music. With this type of writing the principles of geometrical construction - order, proportion, regularity, repetition, periodicity, symmetry - become the engine of the musical reasoning. With the diastematic writing, the music faces a fundamental problem: the rational construction of time. The characteristics of the line - divisibility, homogeneity, local continuity - were progressively assigned to time. The music offers the Western reasoning a objective, linear, one-dimensional, causal and directed time. This time allowed the experience of succession, simultaneity and permanence. By using a system of lines and points as a “reference frame” the music was able to address question of the movement. In addition, this referential system allowed the articulation of two heterogeneous measurements such as the intensity and the extensity, the continuity and discontinuity, the diversity and the similarity. Consequently, starting from a dynamic of separation, ordering and formalization of the sensitive qualities of the sound phenomenon, inside the partition took place an evolutionary process that allowed the emergence of the musical dimensions. With the analysis of the musical work of Weber and Varese we wanted to show the tensions, which agitated the music of the XX century and that touched the sphere of the geometrical reasoning. These tensions concerned the time, the form, the movement, and the orientation of the reference frame, the concept of sound, and the timbre as fusion of dimensions
Aschenberg, Heidi. "Kontexte in Texten : Umfeldtheorie und literarischer situationsaufbau /." Tübingen : M. Niemeyer, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb377243927.
Full textGuillermic, Sandrine Pouivet Roger. "Musique, propriétés expressives et émotions." S. l. : Université Nancy 2, 2007. http://cyberdoc.univ-nancy2.fr/htdocs/docs_ouvert/doc296/2007NAN21008.pdf.
Full textChabaud, François. "La fonction analytique. Freud, Jung, Lacan : Approche transdisciplinaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON30057.
Full textThe following thesis proposes to shed some light on the reality of Analytical Function, its physiology and the behavioural pathologies that derive from its dysfunction. We revisit the works of Freud, Jung and Lacan. Through a comparativistic approach of their “respective writings”, we discover the very fundamentals of Analytical Function. And all three had gathered their knowledge using a transdisciplinary approach (mythology, alchemy, Taoism, linguistics, mathematics etc…) Freud points out the main role of the drive by describing its four characteristics. In his “Magic Note Pad” he states the modalities of the psychic imprint. Analytical physiology comprises two distinct stages: the first one - “the common trunk”- refers to the imprint or engraving of the mnemonic marking. This stage unfolds according to a binary mode: the “It” for Freud, the “persona” for Jung and the “Imaginary” for Lacan. The second stage stems out of the common trunk on a ternary mode: the arborescent structure. This is the stage of the “I” for Freud, the “Self” for Jung and “the Real” for Lacan. This stage-just like the inter-chromosomal brew of the biological meiosis- produces an infinity of combinations. Binary and ternary modes represent the main phases of Analytical Function. Nevertheless the binary mode must not block out the ternary mode by locking the psyche into Lacan’s “Imaginary”. The psyche must go beyond itself and become its own artist. We show that the disequilibrium of Jung’s anima/animus archetype provokes these pathologies. We also notice that the “Judeo-Christian” way of thinking plays a censorship role and becomes an obstacle for the implementation of the ternary mode
Lang, Demetre. "La diversité de l'être et le discours sur le problème de la vérité de la diversité." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040005.
Full textMore efficient than the constructivist thinking systems, Husserl’s transcendental phenomenology has succeeded in conquering the phenomenon of diversity, as it is. This is due to his intuitive method of research. In seeking to determine the object's mode of being in a descriptive manner, one discovers a regional diversity: the being is articulated in fields pertaining to identically distinct objects. This one is reminded of the aristotelician thesis concerning the being's plurivocity: being must be spoken of in different ways. Can this non-predicative truth pertaining to diversity attain a predicative level? Making the necessarily linguistic nature of rational truth evident, urges one to seek the answer to this question. The point is to resolve wither one can attain the truth within the non-predicative dimension of seeing, or wither one must accept considering words as the sole method of perceiving reality. As is sustained by contemporary linquistic philosophy, and mainly analytical philosophy
Dejean, Dominique. "L'oeuvre analytique de Constantin Bugeanu : une analyse formelle synoptique au service de l'exécution musicale." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040017.
Full textThis dissertation's purpose is to study the music analysis system designed by Constantin Bugeanu (1916-1998), a renowned conductor and pedagogue from Rumania. This analytical system is based on Bugeanu's Gestalt-like formal analysis which is presented with easily understandable synoptic graphs. This system is intended serve as a bridge between the “abstract” practice of music analysis and the “concrete” act of music performance. This study, aimed at presenting and transmitting Bugeanu's thought rotates around two precise goals: (a) to understand the system's theoretical aspects, including its background and genesis, (b) to make this presentation useful to conductors by making the system readily graspable. This investigation deals with the global and unitary perception of the musical work's organic form within its kinetic dimension, as well as the possibilities and modalities applicable towards its revelation through the unfolding of the “recreative” musical act. This vision is exclusively concerned with the evidence present within the work itself, within its technical structure: the performer strives for a constant perception of the work's unity through the reconstitution of a certain hypothesis of the formal scenario;s this perception is made possible by the synoptic tables resulting from bugeanian analysis. In order to grasp a work's global form, bugeanian analysis refers purposely to basic archetypal forms, basically three-part forms, including Barform, which are found at all formal hierarchical levels, from the largest contours to the smallest ramifications. The repertoire concerned – which spreads basically from Bach to Lutoslawsky – is essential tonal or tonal oriented
Arazam, Yannis. "Les lois logiques sont-elles révisables ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAC027.
Full textThe problem of revising logic permeated the thinking of the major authors of the analytic tradition in the 20th century. From Wittgenstein to Dummett and through Quine, Putnam or Kripke, authors have tackled afresh a problem that has taken various forms throughout the history of philosophy. Developments in mathematical logic following the fregean revolution, or even the formalization of quantum mechanics, have both renewed and sharpened the problem. Is there any sense in questioning logical laws classically acknowledged since Aristotle? More simply put, is it intelligible to change our logic ? Are the intuitionnistic refusal of the law of excluded-middle and, more generally, the emergence of "alternative logics" constitutive of a turning point in the history of logic ? The difficulty faced stems from the constitutive nature of logic for thought : if logical laws are the norms of intelligibility, how can they be challenged without undermining the very possibility of meaning ? This work traces this difficulty back to the classical analytical corpus, and gets new perspectives out of it by means of the concept of paradigm, alongside logical developments in the second-half of the 20th century
Di, Rocco Valdecantos Florencia. "La métaphysique comme branche de la littérature fantastique : une lecture wittgensteinienne de Borges." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H230/document.
Full textMetaphysics as a branch of fantastic literature: a Wittgensteinian reading of Borges. One of Borges' slogans holds that "metaphysics" is only a branch of fantastic literature. Characterizing the Borgesian logic behind a playful hermeneutics -i.e., the possibility to read philosophy througout the narrativities it authorizes- this remark seems to raise a strictly philosophical question, namely that of the status of our ordinary concept of object. According to Wittgenstein, our concept of physical object is just a "logical" concept. The question thus remains whether our ordinary language games exhaust its grammar, and to what extent Borges' fictions and essays, as an attemp to play with it, should be regarded as an extension, or rather as a distortion of the ordinary grammar of the object. It will thus be necessary to inquiry, on the one hand, whether the Borgean texts tolerate an analytic reading; on the other, to show how each fiction, by reframing all over again the split between saying and showing, makes it possible to divert or rather to go beyond its "logic"
Tardif, Pier-Alexandre. "Une interprétation formaliste de la signification et du statut logique de la critique quinienne de la distinction analytique-synthétique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25317.
Full textIn this dissertation, the author proposes a formalist interpretation of the meaning and logical status of the critique that Quine put forward against the classical philosophic distinction between analytic and synthetic statements in his 1951 article Two Dogmas of Empiricism. Against the standard interpretation that prevails in the literature, according to which this critique is categorical and without appeal, the author undertakes to rationally reconstruct Quine's theory of meaning in order to reveal the renewed distinction between "analytic" and "synthetic" as it was introduced in his last book, From Stimulus to Science (1995). The meaning and logical status that ought to be assigned to his notion of "meaning" are specified by means of a comparative study between Quine's own conception and that of Churchland and Searle. Reinterpreted in the light of these considerations, the Quinian critique proves to be a metaepistemological reassessment of the logical empiricism's philosophical practice.
Chabaud, François. "La fonction analytique. Freud, Jung, Lacan : Approche transdisciplinaire." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00823278.
Full textCloutier, Geneviève. "L' avant-garde russe face à la "terreur de l'histoire" : historiosophie et historiographie dans les Doski sud'by de Velimir Xlebnikov et dans l'art analytique de Pavel Filonov." Lyon 3, 2008. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2008_out_cloutier_g.pdf.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the problem of history in the artistic production of the “historical” avant-gardes and focuses on Russian avant-garde and on the work of two of its most prominent representatives: the poet Velimir Khlebnikov (1885-1922) and the painter Pavel Filonov (1883-1941). It pays particular attention to Khlebnikov’s Doski sud’by (the Tables of Destiny), a series of fascicles in which the poet tries to explain the mathematical “laws of time,” to Filonov’s theoretical texts on his system of “analytical art,” and to a series of his paintings that he called “formulae. ” The work of these two artists is examined from the perspective of historiosophy – that is, the philosophical discourse on the meaning and ends of history. How does it find its place in this philosophical tradition? What is Khlebnikov and Filonov’s original contribution to it, not only as artists, but also as avant-garde artists? One key problem which has always pervaded the historiosophical discourse deserves special attention here: that of the fear of history and of the rejection of historical time, which lies at the core of Mircea Eliade’s essay on the Myth of the Eternal Return
Declos, Alexandre. "La métaphysique de Nelson Goodman." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0238/document.
Full textThis PhD dissertation is dedicated to the philosophy of Nelson Goodman (1906-1998). We defend, against most critics, a metaphysical interpretation of Goodman’s works. It will be shown that the latter developed a technical and often overlooked metaphysics, whose pillars are nominalism, pluralism, perdurantism, actualism, and mereological universalism. This reading allows for a critical reevaluation of Goodman’s views. It also brings to light his unexpected links with contemporary analytic metaphysics
Franceschi, Paul. "Une application des n-univers à l'argument de l'Apocalypse et au paradoxe de Goodman." Phd thesis, Université Pascal Paoli, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002811.
Full textLiucci-Goutnikov, Nicolas. "Les voies de la singularité : pour une généalogie des oeuvres d'art." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3081.
Full textIf there is no such object as an “aesthetic object”, as Genette and Schaeffer have argued, but only “aesthetic relations”, how to define what an artwork is or does? An elementary concept, present in a pervasive manner in many writings about art, appears to be operative: the concept of singularity. Singularity can explain a lot of the qualities, which are usually assigned to artworks, in particular their ability to draw attention on them. As many authors have emphasized, from Kant to Goodman, an artwork keeps the mind active: in our relation to artworks, writes the latter, “the drive is curiosity and the aim enlightenment”.Given that this sort of attention requires to focus on the object as an individual, singularity jeopardizes the generalities, which are usually stated about artworks, though inscribing each of them in history. In order to perceive and to understand a singularity, it is necessary to know against which “artworld” this singularity asserts itself: an indispensable step seems the establishment of a genealogy. Through reversing the logic of origin, the identification of the immediate relationship of an artwork allows to embrace intertwined identity links, but also, and above all, these decisive differences, which allow the artwork to assert its singularity… and maybe to arouse some descendants. Different case studies make every effort to show it – texts about art written by Greenberg, Rosenberg or Judd, artworks from Warhol, Levine or Sehgal –, trying to trace, along a genealogical path, the roots of singularity