Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Philosophie contemporaine philosophie de l'education'
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Villani, Arnaud. "Philosophie critique de la communication." Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE2001.
Full textLacroix, Michel. "L'idee de politesse dans les manuels de bonnes manieres." Paris 4, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA040024.
Full textBased on a comprehensive detailed study of etiquette book of the 19th and 20th centuries, this book reviews the general principles underlying the rules of politeness. These principles may be summed up as follows: - the attenuation of violence as a means to protect personal security - the preservation of the hierarchic organisation of society - the assertion of one's belonging to the group and the coherent structure of society - the submission of one's behaviour to the necessity of order, harmony and rationality - the consideration of other's people's opinion - the respect of other people as sensitive beings - the representation of idealized human relations. The confrontation of the aforesaid principles with contemporacy values makes it possible to draw up a moral diagnosis of our time
EL, FAKHRY AMAL. "Les fondements philosophiques de la pedagogie contemporaine. (de la revolution industrielle a nos jours)." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010673.
Full textDavallon, Jean. "L'image mediatisee : de l'approche semiotique des images a l'archeologie de l'image comme production symbolique." Paris, EHESS, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EHES0305.
Full textISCH, AUGUSTIN. "Le mouvement volontaire. Pertinence de ses interpretations ontologiques au regard des sciences du comportement, de la physiologie et de la phenomenologie." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR20036.
Full textIn the twentieth century, four authors interpreted the voluntary movement according respectively to a dualist (eccles), a materialist (armstrong), a thomist (chauchard) and a dual aspect (o'shaughnessy) ontology. After examining their internal coherence, we tested these ontological interpretations by comparison with scientific and phenomenological studies. Behavioural sciences lead to following issues : a voluntarily moving machine is quite conceivable, although no one has been constructed ; animal behaviour can be qualifiec as voluntary, if it results from higher cerebral command centers and shows inventiveness or reference to past experience ; human voluntary movement is most frequent during human intercourse and all the activities directed to the world. According to neurophysiology, there are basic mechanisms, common to all muscular movements of invertebrates as well as of vertebrates, and there are no differences between humans and many mammals as regards the triggering and the control of voluntary movements. Phenomenology takes the voluntary movement for an intentional motion of embodied subjectivity and brings to light the intentionality, which guides and unifies the movement. Adjudicating between the four ontological interpretations, we conclude that o'shaughnessy's one is proving the most pertinent, in other words the one which exhibits voluntary movement's stroctest amd richest signification
Goux, Jean-Joseph. "Echange et valeur : les equivalents generaux." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010680.
Full textZalla, Tiziana. "Unite et multiplicite de la conscience : une etude critique des theories contemporaines a la lumiere d'une hypothese modulariste." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EPXX0047.
Full textThe thesis is composed of four parts. In the first part, i present the theoretical and historical framework of the problem of consciousness. In the first chapter, an overview of the conceptual and methodological background is given in order to define the problems i shall raise. In the second chapter, i set out the hypothesis and the arguments in favor of the existence of phenomenal properties of consciousness. The third chapter exams some projects of naturalisation of consciousness proposed by neuroscience. I show how, and to what extent, such theories can help understanding of conscious processes. In the second part of the thesis, i deal with the conceptual problems due to the ambiguity of the notions of "qualia" and of "phenomenal consciousness", such as those put forward by philosophers of mind. In the fourth chapter, i present several cases of dissociation between implicit and explicit knowledge which empirically justify the conceptual distinction between cognitive consciousness and phenomenal consciousness. The phenomenon named "feeling of knowing", seems to suggest the psychological reality of these two types of consciousness. In chapter 5, i critique the high-order theory of consciousness. In the third part, i put forward a modularist conception of phenomenal consciousness. The sixth chapter deals with the idea according to which phenomenal properties depend on a modular device specialised in the processing of perceptual and proprioceptual information. Chapter 7 is focused on intentionality and consciousness
Stahl, Alain. "Philosophie de la science contemporaine." Paris 12, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA120013.
Full textThis thesis starts from two observations: as a whole, science to be in good health: some forecasts in quantum mechanics have been verified with an extraordinary precision. In biology, the theory of dna accounts for an impressing number of observations. The mighty power of technology is present in every branch of science. Concurrently, and since more than 70 years, philosophy of science has been either impordyctive or indequate. It was reduced by the supporters of logical emoiricism to a set of linguistic studes, totally disconnected from real science. After which it reacted through stressing its formal sociological aspect, resulting in losing the specifiety of science. On the other hand, regional espistemology studes. Which may be interesting in plysics despite a tendency to keep going over the same topics, are too often in biology influenced by philosophical a priori. My position is that thuis decline in @philosophy of science is not inescapable. On the contrary, science's progress must help its philosophy. Hence, the contribution of this thereis will be an attempt in order to revive a comprehensive philosophy of science. Which 1 hope will be useful to scientists and philosophers. It will include two parts: deals with the great problems: probabilities (and induction); determinism (and free willy); value of the scientific theories; ultilmate ends in knowledge,. . . The second one ins made of application chapters, devoted to important questions of the particular sciences. The author tried hard to stay as close as possible to lodern science
Longeaux, Nicolas de. "La philosophie politique contemporaine face aux questions écologiques." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010588.
Full textBenarroch, Jérôme. "Métaphysique de l'amour : pensée contemporaine et judaïsme." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1PH01.
Full textThis work aims at producing a doctrine of love, as a sexual human relationship, on the basis of a personal interpretation of the jewish sources (Bible and Talmud), and through confrontation with contemporary philosophical thought (E. Levinas, J. Lacan, A. Badiou). Since the questioning of the Hegelian system, the categories of philosophic thought have moved from the centrality of the One and All, to the reality of the Other. The feminine is then seen as crucial, as “what thwarts the One” (Badiou). We maintain however that the exact acknowledgement of the feminine, without skipping the Other and the non-relationship, must nevertheless initiate a renewed thought of the One. The idea maintained is thus expressed: womanhood is such that it summons to a humanization by singling out, which bears its own value, on top of becoming just, intelligent and creative, which are generally reckoned by philosophy for the future of humankind. Or else: love makes truth with human singularity, with uniqueness, and it is to this very truth that the feminine invites. Love is the unlikely invention of a relationship between a man and a woman, within the structure set by Lacan, according to which “there is no sexual relationship”. We think as well that the woman's body carries a specificity, the intimacy, that compels to a specific attachment, or relationship, that constitutes the reality of the singling out. And the child occupies then the crucial position of the One, free and stranger to the possible relationship. In the end, our doctrine sees itself as a contemporary metaphysics of love, since it sketches an ontology, in the light of the necessity of loving creativity
Michez, Jean-Claude. "Vers une convivialité mondiale en philosophie politique contemporaine." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210573.
Full textL’occasion de cette thèse fut à la fois le déclenchement de la première bombe nucléaire à Hiroshima en 1945 et le développement de nouveaux moyens de télécommunications qui révolutionnèrent les domaines informatiques au début des années cinquante. Pour mémoire, les frères Gutenberg, au milieu du XVème siècle, avaient mis au point un procédé typographique qui utilisait les caractères mobiles découvert en Chine au XIème siècle. L’imprimerie, puis l’édition, puis la presse écrite aboutirent finalement à l’avènement des médias de masse contemporains. Convaincus des conséquences fondamentales des débuts de l’informatique de masse sur l’évolution de la géo-sociologie, nous avons commencé dans notre travail, par la recherche d’un modèle sociologique pouvant représenter l’ensemble des habitants de notre planète. Norbert Elias nous apporta le résultat de son étude sur la monopolisation progressive dans des sociétés, dans son livre la « Dynamique de l’Occident ». S. Huntington, de son coté, développa dans « Le choc des civilisations », la réalité sociologique des huit principales civilisations actuellement en développement. A l’occasion de voyages dans des pays appartenant à ces différentes civilisations, nous avons entrepris de construire (p.p. 48bis et 52bis) une trame sociologique mondiale de départ, c’est-à- dire avant l’arrivée d’Internet. L’approche des paradigmes de Kuhn (p. 57), nous donna un support pour expliquer comment l’arrivée d’Internet dans le monde pouvait provoquer un changement, probablement irréversible, de paradigme sociologique.
La « fusion » des 6 niveaux d’Elias et des 8 civilisations de Huntington, provoquée, de proche en proche, par l’arrivée d’Internet, nous a conduit à définir un concept de convivialité (p. 62). Un tel concept existait déjà, à l’initiative de Brillat-Savarin au XIXème siècle, au niveau d’un groupe d’amis réunis en vue de faire bonne chère et de passer un moment agréable. Ivan Illich d’autre part (voir annexe 1), penseur de l écologie politique (1926-2002), donna un sens tout différent à son concept de convivialité. Nous avons entrepris quant à nous de définir et caractériser un concept adaptable aux quelques 48 domaines similaires mais distinct d’une recherche étendue à l’ensemble de la planète. Pour rappel, la « philia » d’Aristote ne dépassait pas le niveau sociologique de la cité-Etat, et renvoyait le reste du monde connu vers l’appellation de « barbaroi ».
Après le moment de convivialité décrit par Aristote dans « L’étique à Nicomaque », le monde retomba pendant plus de 2.000 ans dans le règne des autocrates et il fallut de timides débuts de démocratie en Angleterre, puis aux Etats-Unis et en France en 1789, pour constater un changement durable. Depuis une trentaine d’années par contre un grand nombre d’Etats-nations ont successivement évolué et basculé vers des régimes démocratiques :d’abord dans l’Europe du sud, puis dans les quelques pays de l’Asie du Sud Est. L’implosion de l’URSS en 1989 provoqua la création de démocraties beaucoup plus proches des modèles d’Europe occidentale que les pseudo-démocraties populaires de l’ex-bloc soviétique. Simultanément, la plupart des Etats-nations d’Amériques du Sud et du Centre connurent des transformations pacifiques profondes et évoluèrent vers des structures démocratiques. Aujourd’hui, la majorité des Etats-nations parmi les 190 que compte l’ONU, sont devenues des démocraties, au moins en cours de devenir.
Par ailleurs, au-delà du niveau des Etats-nations se développèrent des Rgionalismes Politiques (R.P.), constitués par le rapprochement d’un certain nombre d’Etats, y compris, depuis quelques décennies, les R.P. de l’Inde, de la Chine et de l’Union Européenne qui regroupe actuellement 27 pays. D’autres R.P. tels que l’ASEAN en Asie du Sud-Est ou le MERCOSUR en Amérique Latine prirent corps de façon progressive. On peut constater ces développements suivant des étapes qui commencent en général par des ententes sécuritaires modestes, suivies d’échanges commerciaux croissants, puis des accords financiers et douaniers. Tous ces développements correspondent à des degrés de convivialité croissants et progressifs ;la véritable interconnexion mondiale et instantanée qui est ainsi en voie d’établissement et qui s’étend à tous les domaines de l’économie, est encore rendue plus complexe par l’entrée en jeu de multiples sociétés transnationales cherchant à chevaucher et ignorer les Etats. Ce nouveau tissu de sociétés multinationales ou transnationales spécialisées et efficaces profite pleinement des techniques mondiales d’informatique. Sur le plan des relations politiques, les relations intra-régionales et inter-régionales ont incorporé les spécificités propres aux différentes cultures, provoquant un brassage exponentiel, quoique difficile à suivre tant son ampleur et sa variété sont grandes.
Nous avons tenté de résumé le degré de convivialité, suivants les domaines, à l’échelle globale de notre planète devenue aujourd’hui rétrécie et interconnectée. En fait, nous constatons que l’aspiration vers la paix, et la suppression des cas de non-convivialité dans tous les domaines est telle que la convergence des activités spécialisées, agit vite et un peu partout simultanément dans le monde. Nous avons examiné successivement quelques domaines spécialisés et avons abouti à la conclusion qu’il existe déjà aujourd’hui un grand nombre de consensus dans les sciences de la nature et les sciences humaines.
Tous les domaines sont-ils concernés ?Non, on peut constater par exemple que la convivialité inter-religions est toujours nulle, sinon conflictuelle en particulier lorsqu’il n’y a pas séparation bien définie et acceptée entre religion et politique, comme c’est le cas pour l’Islam. Les religions d’Asie, souvent plus anciennes que celles du Moyen-Orient et de l’Europe, semblent plus accoutumées à la convivialité par respect mutuel.
Nous avons esquissé d’autre part l’évolution contemporaine en philosophie où les positions radicales du XIXème siècle nous apparaissent évoluer vers « La Nouvelle Alliance », titre du dernier ouvrage de I. Prigogine. Celui-ci, en phase avec les nombreuses interrogations nées d’un relativisme généralisé et plein de nouvelles inconnues, oriente nos recherches sans a priori et dans le méthode pragmatique des essais-erreurs, qu’aborde de son coté H. Putman en philosophie.
Dans le domaine de la philosophie politique enfin, un renouvellement d’intérêts provoqué par les nouveaux dangers de destruction de la planète par les hommes, stimule les efforts de convivialité et la recherche de nouveaux objectifs d’écologie et de progrès raisonnables, bien éloignés des traditions classiques de recherche de pouvoir à tout prix.
Notre antithèse a cherché où il est devenu nécessaire de temporiser et réglementer nos volontés trop excessives. Notre conclusion enfin veut souligner que nous sommes parvenus aujourd’hui à nous consacrer à un plein travail de recherche dans tous les domaines et qu’il n’est pas temps de conclure mais au contraire d’avancer vers l’accomplissement d’un monde plus humain, plus juste et plus convivial.
Doctorat en Philosophie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Rambeau, Frédéric. "Paradoxe, problème, désidentification : recherches sur la philosophie française contemporaine." Paris 8, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA083592.
Full textThe difficulty there is in distinguishing the common ground or unity of contemporary French philosophies (Deleuze, Foucault, Derrida) comes from the fact that these philosophies work out through some disjunctive force in thinking. But the power of the disjunctive is also the feature that they share and which produces between them slanted irregular relationships. Paradox produces sense as difference. And on that difference depend both common sense and the specification of the normal rules of communication. The creation of a problem reveals the discontinuous nature of rationalizing processes. Its emphasis shows not a removed foundation but a repeated demonstration of chance. Disidentification in literary or conceptual writing as well as in unconscious desire grows a subject into impersonal forms of Becoming, by force unrelated and broken down. Within the paradox, within the problem, within disidentification, nothing stands before disjunction and the claim of unrelatedness, neither originary question, nor beginning ; and no one knows in advance, for any individual or philosophy, how many lives they are owed. These operations lead to greater stress laid on Deleuze and Foucault rather than Derrida; they are bound to confront this risk: the very difference of philosophy becoming disidentified. Foucault’s questionings of history open up two paths that remain exclusive: angry lucid present-time emancipation, ethical care of the self. Deleuze’s concept is produced by an acceleration of the desiring process triggered inside the thinking by some singular exterior case. But, cut from the case, the infinite speed of the concept gives it but self-referring consistency. The particular drive of these philosophies comes from having themselves laid out those problem features, leaving us to experience them as promontories of thinking
Lemaire, Stéphane. "Raisonnement pratique et délibération dans la philosophie contemporaine de l'action." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040120.
Full textThis thesis deals with the function of our conscious pratical thinking. I argue in the first part of the thesis that this thinking is based on beliefs. This is a twofold thesis. The first part of it is to distinguish desires from beliefs about our desires. In order to enforce this distinction, I defend that we know our desires by inferences through our emotions. The second part is to defend cognitivism and externalism about our normative judgments. These judgments express beliefs and not motivations and they are not intrinsically linked to motivations. Hence practical thinking relies on two heterogeneous type of beliefs : factual considerations about our desires and the world as well as normative considerations. Moreover, these beliefs are not motivating according to the so-called human theory of motivation. This raises two difficulties : first, what is the function of moral thinking if we can at best act rationally in accordance with our desires. Second and more generally, how practical thinking in temr of beliefs is going to have some effect on our actions. The response to the first problem is in two steps. First, I defend an internalist contraint on our reasons : the demands of morality should not exceed what we may possibly desire. Second, I contend that is often rational and possible to try to change our motivations in order to bring them more in line with our moral beliefs. The response to the second problem implies that our reflective judgments and choices do not motivate our actions. Nevertheless, they may awaken our motivations or help to focus on them, thereby changing the configuration of our motivations, hence indirectly our actions. In accordance with this view, I argue that our intentions directed toward the future are but sets of connected beliefs
Panopoulos, Dimitra. "Pour une dialectique platonicienne contemporaine : antagonisme, justice et vérité." Paris 8, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA083238.
Full textTo overturn Platonism, such was Nietzsche’s injunction, taken up again, in our time, by Deleuze. Platonism and Anti-Platonism have long constituted possible polar opposites, determining various philosophical orientations and their confrontations. Here, we are far from history of philosophy concerns catalogued under the name of Plato. If the primary opposition of Plato and Aristotle remains of value in the field of polemics, it is less for itself than for the reconstructions for which these names hold high stakes. The opposition is soon enriched by contemporary questions, from which is drawn that which renders singular our time for the articulation of epistemological, artistic and political regimes of thought. By tracing a line diagonally from contemporary readings of Plato into today’s philosophical confrontations, thus opening new perspectives onto the meaning of such names as Sartre, Merleau-Ponty, Althusser, Lyotard, Deleuze and several others, this work traverses several fundamental questions: the object in mathematics, opposing realism and idealism, distancing and didactics in art, the emancipation and totalitarianism concerning the egalitarian exigencies in politics. The project aims to determine the political meaning of speculation: from the contemporary reconstruction of the philosophical scene for or against Plato, we are thus seeking to propose a new examination of the conceptions of antagonism, of dialectic and of justice
Chatué, Jacques. "La figure de descartes dans l'epistemologie francaise contemporaine." Amiens, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AMIE0009.
Full textDesroches, Daniel. "Prémisses du sujet : les conclusions de la pensée contemporaine française." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25569/25569.pdf.
Full textTeffahi, Abdellah. "Pour une anthropologie philosophique contemporaine." Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIML002/document.
Full textThe situation of man in the world raises the fundamental issue of the rapport between feeling and rationality, a dichotomy which transforms human action in history in positive or negative ways. However, the fact that feelings encompass a wide spectrum of emotional hues inherent to the human condition places affectivity at the core of reality. As affectivity manifets itself in the body as a psychosomatic experience, so it immerses the individual in a wish for being, in a search for hapiness and a desire for peace of mind and body. Yet in modern times, this desire to be no longer becomes a desire or enthusiasm for spiritual effort nor a striving toward wisdom and peace between men as a project for historical realisation; instead, the aim of mankind has become hapiness as the pursuit of pleasure and self-satisfaction
Rockhill, Gabriel. "Logique de l'histoire : la pensée contemporaine aux prises avec le passé." Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA082513.
Full textThis study focuses on the conceptual constructs used in contemporary theory—notably in the French- and English-speaking worlds—to write the history of philosophy. In order to delimit such a vast and delicate subject, our research was organized around a set of controversies concerning three privileged moments in philosophic history: the beginning, the modern turn, and the present. In studying the intellectual communities engaged in these debates, we raised questions concerning the transformations undergone by the philosophic practice over approximately the last two centuries, particularly concerning its relationship to the printed word and its own past. We located within these mutations the emergence of a substantialist logic of the history of ideas that we countered throughout our study, and always in circumstantial analyses, with a relational logic of intellectual practices
Castellan, Arielle. "Étude comparée de la notion de personne dans la philosophie stoïcienne et dans la philosophie contemporaine." Amiens, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AMIE0032.
Full textMy purpose in this work is to suggest a new approach of the notion of person in order to solve some of the problems that seem quite endless in contemporary studies. In order to do so, I made an exam of some of the most powerful contemporary texts on personal identity to illustrate the problems that remain. I suggested then to go back to the origin of the notion through a study of the person in stoic philosophy. As a result of the confrontation between these two different ways of thinking, I tried to point out that it is possible to think the person without the concept of identity. Which means that: 1. The concept of personal identity might be the “faulty” one. 2. We can think the person even if we’re not able to define the subject
Raffin, Marcelo Sergio. "Le sujet, les droits de l'homme et le devenir : l'expérience contemporaine dans le Cône sud d'Amérique." Paris 8, 2003. http://docelec.u-bordeaux.fr/login?url=http://www.harmatheque.com/ebook/9782343111230.
Full textThis thesis intends to think philosophically the problem of the subject through the subject of human rights in the context of the dictatorships and post-dictatorships of the Southern Cone of America. It analyses, more specifically, the dialectical relationship between the forms of state terrorism (especially systematic and massive violations) and the forms of the subjectivity of human rights and of the subject in general. Such a task requires the revision of different aspects of the same problem : the object human rights as such, the theories of the subject, the dictatorships and democratic transitions of the Southern Cone, the philosophical formulation of systematic and massive violations of human rights under the category of " radical evil " and the different ways of deconstructing and constructing the past and the future through the " solutions " given to the problems posed, the creations produced and the roads opened and in particular the projection of the possibilities offered to human rights and through it, to the " theory " of the subject in a transitional world
Shum-King, Muriel. "Pygmalion ou la question de la création dans la pensée contemporaine." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081350.
Full textTHIS THESIS PRESENTS RECENT APPROACHES TO THE DEVELOPMENT IN KNOWLEDGE OF MODELLING AND IN THE PROCESS OF CONCEPTUAL CREATING. THIS STUDY COVERS A WIDE RANGE OF RESEARCH AREAS IN VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTS. THIS QUESTION IS ESSENTIAL IN MANY DISCIPLINES SUCH AS PHILOSOPHY, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, ESTHETIC AND COMPUTER SCIENCE. FIRST, CREATION, THE POWER TO CREATE IS A COMPLEXE QUESTION. THE CRITICAL APPROACHES OF CREATING INVOLVES A BROAD research TOPIC WITH CONNECTIONS TO TOPICS AS OPERATIONS RESEARCH AND LEARNING, IT INCLUDES THE PERSPECTIVES OF THE STUDY OF MIND, CONCEPTUAL EXPERIENCE, COLLECTIVE THINKING AND NEURAL ANOMALIES. IN SPITE OF THE FACT THAT, NOWADAYS, COMPUTATIONNAL CREATION MEANS TO MANAGE THE UNCERTAINTY, THE QUESTION IS FOCUSED ON A PRECISE MODALITY OF THE HUMAN THINKING : IS THE PROCESS OF A CONCEPTUAL CREATION MORE INTERESTING WITH A METHOD ?. THE HEURISTICS PROCEDURE CAN ALSO BE RUN ON SEVERAL MACHINES : VIRTUAL MACHINES, META-MACHINES, ETC. HOW CAN THE MACHINES FIND A NEW ONTOLOGY OF RELATIONSHIP ? SECONDLY, WE IMAGINE MORE IDEAS THAN WE COULD EVER APPLY AND DISCOVER IN OUR OWN LIFE. THE POWER OF CREATING AND MODELLING IS CONNECTED TO THE POWER OF MAKING A DECISION AND CHOOSING WHICH ENVIRONMENT IS THE MORE APPROPRIATE TO BUILD A NEW FORM !. THIRDLY, THE UNDERLYING IDEA OF THIS WORK IS THAT THE COMPUTERS AND CONCEPTUAL MACHINES CAN PROVIDE NEW AGENCEMENTS TO OPERATE METAMORPHOSIS IN ORDER TO GO BEYOND THE CONSTRAINT OF SPACE AND TIME. THE STORY OF PYGMALION BELONGS TO THE ANCIENT DREAM WHICH PURSUES THE GOAL TO CREATE AS GOD, AND TO REACH ANOTHER WAY OF MODELLING HUMAN BEING MIND AND BODY AND LIFE OF IN-ORGANIC AND ARTIFICIAL CREATURE. ARTIFICIAL LIFE, "VIRTUAL ANGELS", BRINGS US, IN OUR RESTRICTED SPACE, A WHOLE VARIETY OF RESPONSES TO FIND ANOTHER EXPRESSION OF FEELING AS IF HUMAN BEING WAS AN EXTENSION OF A DIFFERENT COGNITIVE SPACE
Jézéquel, Myriam. "Le fondement du droit : étude de la question du sujet de droit dans la philosophie contemporaine." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040203.
Full textEmerton, Karin. "Les Femmes et la philosophie la mise en discours de la différence sexuelle dans la philosophie contemporaine /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376048832.
Full textEmerton, Karin. "Les femmes et la philosophie : la mise en discours de la différence sexuelle dans la philosophie contemporaine." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010503.
Full textPhilosophy's anti-feminism reveals the importance of the feminine in establishing the authority of its discourse. The feminine represents the non-philosophical other which is necessary to philosophy if it wants to be a totalising system. Psychoanalyses subvents the metaphysical dualisms which separate the body and the soul and which align woman to nature. Freud's work on hysteria is an articulation of sexual difference as that which underlies the identity of the subject. The case of "Dora" demonstrates the importance of female sexuality in the development of psychoanalysis, but also the way in which Freud interpreted the hysteric's speech to validate his own knowledge. Lacan treats the question of knowledge in relation to that of truth and a system of signification governed by the phallus. All difference is determined in relation to this presence, which draws its authority from the castrated body of woman. Heidegger also posits truth as unveiling; however ontological difference allows the articulation of a sexual difference which divests itself of the authority of phallic norms. The topology of being leads to the elaboration of the unthought as the condition of thought, which allows in turn the elaboration of the presence of that which has been repressed in philosophies founded on the exclusion of that which they constitute as their other. The feminine is now the site of the production of meaning. Deleuze theorises the productive force of nonsense as that which insists in meaning in relation to the space-time of pure difference. In this subversion of platonic representation the female body appears as a simulacrum, as the repressed of metaphysics which gives rise to other productions of meaning. Thus the feminine is seen to have a productive role in philosophy
HAROUAK, JAMILA. "La notion d'occident et de patrimoine dans l'intelligentsia arabe contemporaine : l'exemple du maroc." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010580.
Full textBéthune, Christian. "Le jazz comme critique des catégories de l'esthétique." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010595.
Full textThe purpose of the present study is dual. First I attempt to appreciate in a true way a form of expression which - in spite of its outstanding cultural impact - has raised only few philosophical analyses (a theoretical vacancy that i would hope partially to fill up). But I attempt in another way to point out kow. In its poetical structure, jazz music context the usual speech about aesthetics, faisifying the categories through philosophical analysis gives account of the artistic fact
BENITO, CHABRIER NATHALIE. "Critique, theorie et pratique de l'education selon soren kierkegaard." Rennes 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REN10167.
Full textCriticism, theory and practice of education in s. Kierkegaard. The present study supports the thesis that the issue of teaching is one of kierkegaard's main concerns and that it is apparent in his whole work. Kierkegaard's interest in this issue is particularly patent in his lectures on the dialectics of ethical and ethico-religious communication in which he establishes a fundamental distinction between knowledge communication and power communication. This issue also underlies his reflexion upon the various stages of the individual's development and the construction of the moral self, the outcome of which is the ethico-religious stage. It expresses itself as well even in the paradoxical forms of indirect communication and irony thus building up its own criticism. If teaching communication is the first and foremost issue, kierkegaard also questions the capacity of education to prepare and facilitate teaching communication and even to make it possible
Cusset, Yves. "Autoréflexion et communication : à propos d'un changement de paradigme dans la philosophie allemande contemporaine." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040027.
Full textRaguet, Jean-François. "Philosophie et désinformation : fraude et censure dans la pensée contemporaine." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010700.
Full textTibaoui, Mounir. "Fondationalisme inductiviste et faillibilisme dans la philosophie contemporaine des sciences." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT3023.
Full textPavie, Xavier. "La réception des exercices spirituels antiques dans la philosophie contemporaine." Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100062.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to understand in what way contemporary philosophy apprehends spiritual exercises as they were conceived, shared and practiced by ancient philosophers. Aimed at self-improvement and self-transformation, spiritual exercises were intended to enable one to live a philosophical life. As such they represented an essential element in the main concerns of antique schools. Thus philosophers elaborated doctrines and theories, while maintaining a real and daily practice of these views. Indeed, the axis theoria/praxis is one the most important of spiritual exercises and is also a connecting thread in this thesis leading to a better understanding of the notion of “spiritual exercise” itself. Pierre Hadot is the one who discovered traces of spiritual exercises - their construction and implementation in ancient philosophy. However, philosophy goes far beyond the antique philosophers, to our contemporary era. As a result, for more than 2,500 years spiritual exercises have been questioned, reorganized by their environment, notably the religious and Christian environment. Consequently, the aim here is to determine the very essence of the antique spiritual exercises in the evolution of philosophy in a general sense, and more particularly in contemporary philosophy
Crémézi, Sylvie. "L'élaboration du sens dans la danse contemporaine." Paris 4, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA040082.
Full textFor these past ten years, the most archaic scenic art has been again in the fore ground of the artistic panorama and has regained its function of major art today's dance, the geology of the human psyche and of the states of the body expresses this necessity of being bound again with the sacred. The dance movement is not only generator of meaning but also regenerative. Dance reminds one of the mythical virtue of the stage, so that man finally inhabits his body
MATAGNE, JEAN MARIE. "Le pouvoir et la puissance. Enquete sur l'ideologie et la pratique des rapports de puissance." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR20025.
Full textDiakité, Sidiki. "La rationalite technique, les contraintes de l'efficacite et les strategies collectives." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR20022.
Full textThis study concerns on the one hand the systematic character of every technology, and on the other hand the specificity and the autonomy of this self-acting regulator system then the relations between technology and culture. Here a new problem claims our attention : "the transfer of technology" namely the conveyance of technology from one society to another society with a different culture
Guinard, Hervé. "L'astrologie : fondements, logique et perspectives." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010569.
Full textThe solar system, as a field of magnetic and gravitational interactions between planets, "impresses" the nervous system and. Fashions it according to a "matrix" which corresponds to the very shape of astral structures (depending on the planets, the sectors, the cycles and the zodiac) and is the central paradign or rule of astral imprint which the psyche differentiates according to four registers or analyses as four determining principles (energy, space, time, structure). The structural basis (planetary, "dominion", "cyclade" and zodiac) merges into a new model on which understanding is based whether at an individual (or ethical) level, or at a collective (or anthropological) level
Thomas, Louis Rodrigue. "Histoire et évolution dans la théorie sociale contemporaine." Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100004.
Full textFrom the perspective of occidental modernity, the notions of history and evolution are intricate. Despite fundamental differences, both paradigms converge into the modern conception of progress. This is asserted by the recurrence of concepts such as development, process, perfectibility, and so fort. Thus the notions of "history", "evolution" and "progress" together contributed to the realization of a lime thought as essentially historical. They were used to symbolize the movement and the lime - in the sense of a '-before" and an "alter". The twentieth century discredited all constitutive theories of the modernity Hegelianism, liberalism, Marxism. By doing so, does it not weaken the basic of the historical paradigm? How did evolution resist the crisis of knowledge? Why does it overtake a sphere traditionally owned by history? The new myths - created by striking progress of "genetic engineering" - tend to ascribe a national dimension to "evolution-scheme' in every respect. Yet, "evolution-scheme' refers to the lime before the process of hominisation. Furthermore, the explanation of historical change is associated with the experience of humanity. Could evolution supplant history by generalising the principle of "natural selection"? Is the modem concept of history operative enough to conceive the present? This thesis - from the angle history/evolution - aims to separate history from "philosophy of history". That requires dealing with the evident contradictions of our lime. In this respect doesn't the relationship between nature and history hold a fundamental form of these contradictions? Should the term nature still be defined in opposition - litre in nature/culture, nature/history? Can we change our concept of history without loosing the sense of the modem conception of history
Charbonnel, Nanine. "La Tache aveugle. La pensée de l'éducation et ses métaphores." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR20019.
Full textThe thesis offers an interpretation of metaphorical discourse in educational thought. The first three chapters critically examine the philosophical viewpoints on metaphor elaborated in the framework of ontological symbolism (ch. I), of diverse theories of the imagination (ch. II), and of psychoanalysis (ch. III). Chapter IV aims at showing that rhetoric has all too often been influenced by such viewpoints. Chapter V sets forth the thesis that metaphorical propositions possess three semantical registers, and that the one most often used in educational discourse is the "praxeological" register that commands the subject to act. Using four metaphors as examples (the voyage, filling and nourishing, gardening, and modelling and inscribing), chapter VI shows how the injunctions carried by metaphorical propositions can be divided into three types. These types are determined in relation to the question of the model. The last chapter aims at placing the preceding findings in the framework of a Kantian critique of educational reason
Dubé, Marc-Antoine. "Le dernier homme : une généalogie contemporaine." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11495.
Full textLaruë-Charlus, Michèle. "L'évolution du goût depuis 1770 au travers du théâtre de Bordeaux." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010648.
Full textTThis broad study covers the bordeaux theatre history from its erection in 1780 up to its latest restoration in 1990 with architecture as a central theme and including all the modifications which, through aesthetic experiences, have maintained the narcissistic relationship over two centuries. Thus the successive restoration works are not considered as compared to the original piece, bound to have been altered, but has resulting from successive trends of ideas and tastes. Similarly this study investigates the changes occured in the three concepts of heritage, restoration and conservation over that same period of time, from which it appears that whatever are the feelings concerning the theatre, they are always in line with the prevailing views on heritage even so the architectural concepts embodied in the original building have been over looked by theoreticians on historic architecture for more than a hundred years. The final part of this study is devoted to the nineteen ninety restoration works and their philosophical implications
Kislov, Valéry. "Jeu et contraintes dans la création contemporaine." Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA082677.
Full textThe dissertation is devoted to 'writing under restrictions' in fiction in general and in the French literature of the 20th century in particular. This mode of writing dates back several centuries and is defined as a number of specific formal rules, or restrictions, that an author adds to the existing linguistic and cultural norms, and deliberately and systematically follows in his/her writing of a work of fiction. These restrictions are analysed in a number of aspects – from specific rhetorical devices to global artistic concepts, – and within the context of various disciplines and cultures, which allows to treat these limitations as a formalist aesthetics in its own right. The dissertation studies various approaches to interpretation of restricted writing, defining the status of the text, the author and the reader, as well as the place and the role that is given to this kind of literature in the contemporary creation. Restricted writing, as it appears, is both a source of inspiration and a word game, moreover, it also turns out to be an instrument of dissent and subversion, a tool for liberation and a way of spiritual quest
Colomb, Chantal. "Heidegger et le problème du néant." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040093.
Full textThe problem of nothingness is generally neglected by the philosophers. Heidegger is on the contrary interested in it. Must we mention nothingness? What is the utility of the question? Why don't we usually give it some importance? The question is thrown out by logicians and theologians, who are only interested in the entity. Nothingness stays then in the forgetfulness. Now Heidegger shows us that in anguish we meet it, and therefore it has an actuality. In anguish, the dasein experiences the nothingness and goes through the ontological experience. Accordingly nothingness is what allows us to go beyond the entity towards the being : it's preemently the metaphysical question. But it isn't only a question, because the dasein is the place of the going beyond. In that case forgetting the question amounts forgetting also the being of the dasein. Why does the dasein omit its being? It's the work of the nichten, which nichtet without stopping in the being. This being, because of its sheltering nothingness whose essence is the nichten, nichtet and goes out so far as to be forgotten. It isn't then surprising that philosophy has ignored nothingness and has reduced metaphysics to an interrogation about the entity. In order to go towards the being, Heideggers sole preoccupation, we must just as the poet listen to the silence of the being. The thought must pose the problem of nothingness, because only it can allow a going beyond of the entity towards the being, and also there's no philosophy without a quest of the meaning of the being
Arsenie-Zamfir, Raluca. "Le corps dans la philosophie française contemporaine : Michel Henry et Gilles Deleuze." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOL008.
Full textOur thesis's subject is the body in the contemporary French philosophy, which we analyze starting from the writings of Michel Henry and Gilles Deleuze. The revalorization of the body's traditional concept opens a new prospect for philosophy, by conceiving the human as a nature's part and the corporeity as intensity and movement. We want to outline a philosophy of life where the body loses its geometrical contours with the profit of its capacities and its affects. The radicalism of this prospect is founded on the absolute immanence which offers the bases for the living body expressing itself by the relations with the others and with the events taking part in its constitution of meaning. Our purpose is also to revalue the order of the body practice in the world in terms of individually adjusted ethics. The living body appears therefore be fond of intensive materiality, enveloping affectivity and practices of objective control
Ben, Maïssa Abdessalam. "Le probleme de la causalite dans l'analyse des sciences contemporaines (le cas de la physique)." Paris 4, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA040060.
Full textThe central purpose of this work is to examine the problem of causality in contemporary physics. The course of inquiry, in broad outline, is as follow. Part i, "on causality, mechanism and determinism", describe some of the main features of these concepts as they are used by galileo, descartes, leibniz and newton. Part ii, "on causality and relativity", it addressed to problems dealing with the causal foundation of the special theory of relativity. In part iii, "on the problem of causality in quantum mechanics", the author examines the consequences of the discovery of quantum action on the causality problem
Louis, Fabrice. "Activité et intentionnalité : le cas de l'Education Physique et Sportive." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN21006/document.
Full textWhat interest could have a philosophical study on Physical Education ? What subject of interests could provide the Physical and Sportive Education (EPS) to Philosophy ? The aim of this thesis is to answer these two questions. First we will highlight the philosophical background that influence most often implicitly the pedagogical choices made by teachers, this in order to initiate a research programme in Epistomology of Physical Education. This will lead us to widen the investigation field of Physical Education ( Action , Knowledge,..) in the prospect of externalist conception. It is indeed in dissociating the language from the causes and reasons that we can understand what someone does when he acts. The focus on the meaning of the action leads us to describe the other uses that the subject could make with his gestures in other situations. Under the influence of L. Wittgenstein?s works, it is a linguistic conception of the learning process that we develop in this thesis. Consequently, we will avoid looking for the factors limiting learning success and consider solely an internalist study of the subject. In many cases it is more judicious to try to understand why the subject acts the way he does. Consequently we have identified a new way of learning in Physical Education: to know how to identify the action the subject is doing in the course of learning phase. The field of investigation in Physical Education highlighted by the externalist perspective leads to the following conclusion: to reconsider the notion of the limiting factors of the subject in order to take into account the impersonal dimension of his identity
Medeiros, Maria Beatriz de. "L'artiste plasticien, sujet et objet de l'art, ses interventions : manie-festa-actions." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010604.
Full textAbdelhamid, Mahmoud Hassan. "Concepts juridiques et métaphysique : réflexion à partir de la crise contemporaine du concept de propriété." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100029.
Full textGrigorov, Émile. "Le drame du Cogito: une version contemporaine. Étude sur la philosophie de Merab Mamardachvili." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18437.
Full textTamisier, Marc. "Les frontières de la photographie contemporaine." Paris 8, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA082665.
Full textPhotography today takes part of contemporary art. This work tries to measure the consequences of the entrance of art in photography it self. What are the borders that artistic contemporaneity draws among the photographs ? The method which is used consists, starting from the photographs themselves, to understand the meaning of the contemporary temporality which works them. In a first part, numerical virtuality, photographic objectification and frontality are the three apprehension modes by which the contemporary photography is characterized as a visual selection. The second part focuses on the understanding of the authority which justifies this selection, and reaches it by the study of photographical indiciality studies. It is therefore shown that the borders of contemporary photography are drawn by the discursive word which authorizes itself by the means of this selection trial of the contemporary photographs, against their photographical meaning
Hulak, Florence. "Mentalités et imaginaires sociaux : le problème de la subjectivité dans la science historique française et la philosophie de l'histoire contemporaine." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010702.
Full textSchlosser, Brigitte. "Rousseaus "Emile ou de l'Education" : ein Erziehungsentwurf aus produktiver Einbildungskraft /." Marburg : Tectum-Verl, 2008. http://d-nb.info/987474227/04.
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