Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Philosophie de l'environnement – Aspect politique'
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Pigeon, Michel, and Michel Pigeon. "Représentations et raisons d'action d'anciens responsables politiques concernant les changements climatiques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28032.
Full textLes grands défis environnementaux, particulièrement celui des changements climatiques, sont beaucoup plus sociaux que techniques, car c’est principalement notre mode de vie qui est en cause. Pouvons-nous effectuer les changements qui s’imposent ? Quelles sont les principales difficultés à vaincre ? Comment les gouvernements doivent-ils agir ? Pour contribuer à répondre à ces questions, nous avons choisi d’interviewer douze anciens ministres responsables des questions environnementales afin de comprendre les raisons de leur action, ainsi que les représentations qui les sous-tendent. Tant en France qu’au Québec, un ministre doit prendre en compte autant les perceptions et les représentations des citoyens que celles des différents groupes avec lesquels il est en contact (groupes de pression, lobbies, médias, élus locaux, etc.), de même que les objectifs du gouvernement et de son parti politique. Sa marge de manoeuvre est étroite, ce qui explique en bonne partie pouquoi les ministres que nous avons interrogés ont tous agi un peu de la même manière. Ils ont tous tenté de faire au mieux pour la protection de l’environnement et le bien-être de leurs concitoyens, mais sans trop bousculer leur mode de vie ni l’ordre établi, tout en étant généralement très conscients que les défis à relever vont demander très bientôt des décisions beaucoup plus difficiles. La sociologie politique explique que les décisions politiques dans nos sociétés démocratiques sont des constructions collectives d’acteurs en interaction, et confirme donc globalement les résultats de notre analyse. Les actions politiques des anciens ministres peuvent également être interprétés à la lumière des trois logiques de l’action décrites par François Dubet. Par ailleurs, dans une vision interactionniste, où la signification des objets est créée par l’interaction, l’action est difficile lorsque cette signification n’est pas la même pour les différents acteurs, et c’est ce que nos avons constaté pour les enjeux environnementaux à long terme qui sont perçus très différemment par les citoyens et les ministres.
The most important environmental challenges, particularly climate change, are much more social than technical, because it is mainly our way of life that is at the heart of the question. Can we make the necessary changes? What are the main difficulties to overcome? How should governments act? To help answer these questions, we chose to interview twelve former ministers responsible for environmental issues in order to understand the reasons for their actions, as well as the representations that underlie them. In both France and Quebec, a minister must take into account the perceptions and representations of citizens and those of the various groups with which he or she is in contact (lobby groups, media, local elected representatives, etc.), as well as the objectives of the government and those of his or her political party. The room for maneuver is narrow, which explains in large part why the ministers we interviewed all acted a little in the same way. They have all tried to do their best to protect the environment and the welfare of their fellow citizens, but without significantly affecting their way of life or the established order, while being generally aware that the challenges ahead will very soon require much more difficult decisions. Political sociology explains that political decisions in our democratic societies are collective constructions of actors in interaction, and thus confirms the results of our analysis. The political actions of former ministers can also be interpreted in the light of the three logics of action described by François Dubet. Moreover, from an interactionist point of view, where the meaning of objects is created by interaction, action is difficult when this meaning is not the same for different actors; this is what we have observed for long-term environmental issues that are perceived very differently by citizens and ministers.
The most important environmental challenges, particularly climate change, are much more social than technical, because it is mainly our way of life that is at the heart of the question. Can we make the necessary changes? What are the main difficulties to overcome? How should governments act? To help answer these questions, we chose to interview twelve former ministers responsible for environmental issues in order to understand the reasons for their actions, as well as the representations that underlie them. In both France and Quebec, a minister must take into account the perceptions and representations of citizens and those of the various groups with which he or she is in contact (lobby groups, media, local elected representatives, etc.), as well as the objectives of the government and those of his or her political party. The room for maneuver is narrow, which explains in large part why the ministers we interviewed all acted a little in the same way. They have all tried to do their best to protect the environment and the welfare of their fellow citizens, but without significantly affecting their way of life or the established order, while being generally aware that the challenges ahead will very soon require much more difficult decisions. Political sociology explains that political decisions in our democratic societies are collective constructions of actors in interaction, and thus confirms the results of our analysis. The political actions of former ministers can also be interpreted in the light of the three logics of action described by François Dubet. Moreover, from an interactionist point of view, where the meaning of objects is created by interaction, action is difficult when this meaning is not the same for different actors; this is what we have observed for long-term environmental issues that are perceived very differently by citizens and ministers.
Mannisi, Alban. "La médiation environnementale en aménagement du territoire dans la société civile au Japon : pour une philosophie politique du paysage." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100027.
Full textSince the 1970s, international conventions have reinforced the involvement of civil societies in the development of their territories. In Japan, this phenomenon was accelerated further to the Kōbe earthquake in 1995. In 1998, it led to the NPO (Non Profitable Organization), which consolidated the role of civil society in the stakeholders' territory. This thesis analyzes the mechanisms of civil society engagement and the use of mediators who rely on the specific relation between Japanese society and its environment (Japanese milieu), and investigates the emergence of new forms of territorial governance. In order to answer this problematic, we first study the emergence of the role of civil society through mediation in territorial planning in Japan, showing how these phenomena are partly based on certain logics, but also on international developments. Then, from the study of three practices of mediators of social engineering: KUWAKO Toshio (Philosopher), YAMAZAKI Ryō (Landscape Architect) and KOIZUMI Hideki (Urban Planner), it is observed how the techniques of mediations inspired part of foreign techniques are assimilated and readjusted to meet the needs of Japanese society. This thesis explains the porosity between autochthony and the transfer of methods of international governance. It highlights how the international will to involve civil societies is part of the logic of the Japanese milieu. In conclusion, an attempt to put into perspective the data of the thesis is sought from the statement of a political philosophy of landscape
Guyon, Thierry. "Les entreprises nationales et l'environnement." Lyon 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO33033.
Full textFodha, Mouez. "Une analyse des politiques fiscales de l'environnement par les modèles à générations imbriquées." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010028.
Full textThis thesis aims at assessing the consequences of fiscal policies partaking in environmental policies. This approach is original in that different generations responsible for intergenerational externalities are being taken into account. In a first chapter, we raise the question whether conciliations between private agents' span - limited by the life cycle hypothesis - and the environment long term span are possible. This temporal op, position is a source of iniquity since agents' selfish behaviour precludes any intergenerational obliga, tion contract. The second chapter characterizes the necessary conditions for the obtention of a double dividend, i. E. An improvement of non-environmental welfare when the revenue of the tax is recycled by a reduction in the rate of social contributions. We then show how to determine an optimal combination of envi, ronmental tax and social contribution which do not deteriorate current generations' welfare. The achievement of this second dividend, compatible with the first one - the improvement of the envi, ronmental quality - lays down specific conditions with regard to the economy capital intensity. This result emphasizes how important the choices of the specifications used to evaluate the double divi, dend hypothesis are. In the third chapter, the revenue of the tax is assigned to pollution abatement. We simultaneously consider a public abatement pollution sector financed by a tax, and private voluntary contributions to the abatement of pollution. We show that, under certain conditions, this tax may lead to a double divi, dend. In a last chapter, we build an overlapping generation general equilibrium model applied to eco, nomic policies of environmental protection. We distinguish two categories of households (skilled and unskilled workers) as well as two productive sectors (standard and green). Numerical results show that the assignment of the environmental tax revenues to pollution abatement is more apt to generate a double dividend situation
Brécard, Dorothée. "L'environnement, nouvelle dimension de la compétition économique." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010053.
Full textDo environmental policies lead to a reduction of the competitiveness of the polluting firms ? The theory of industrial organization, with its processing of products differenciation, of research and development and of adoption of new technologies, is particularly adapted to answer this question. The environmental policy modifies the arbitration of the firm on the goods market (price, quantity, quality and variety) and, upstream, between its technological choices. It has an effect on the market structure and on the position of polluting firms. Thus, it constitutes a new incentive source for the firms who want to keep their market shares. In this thesis, we lead a reflection in two steps : in the first part, we show how the industrial economics with its microeconomic modelisation of differentiation and innovation helps to deal with our subject ; in the second part, we build specific models of competition for innovation based on some empirical studies to settle the debate. Our models take the form of three stage games between two firms, each of them located in different countries, and the regulator of each country. In the first stage of the game, the regulators choose the level of the environmental tax to impose on their polluting firms. This stage is conditioned by their will to cooperate to wrestle with pollution. Taking as given the tax level(s), firms are engaged in an innovation race to win a patent for the utilization of a clean technology. At the end of this stage, firms compete on the good market (competition a la cournot or a la bertrand, homogeneous or differentiated market). We show the important role of the tax and of the ecological consciousness of consumers in the firms incentive to innovate. We determine the optimal cooperative or non cooperative policies
Grimal, Laurent. "Protection de l'environnement, innovation et emploi : recherches sur la cohérence de la politique économique." Toulouse 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU10054.
Full textDavid, Michaël. "La décentralisation de l'environnement : essai sur l'administration de l'environnement par les collectivités locales." Bordeaux 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR40054.
Full textPuel, Christophe. "Vie d'un site industriel et protection de l'environnement." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10034.
Full textThe life of an industrial site is subject to basic environmental legislation (the Act of 19th july 1976). This law governs classified facilities but is not intented to cover all legal aspects. It is hardly surprising, therefore, to find that a certain nomber of legal and regulatory provisions comply to varying degrees with regulations applying to classified facilities (pollution, damage, refurbishment. . . )
Llerena, Daniel. "L'internalisation de l'environnement et apprentissages dans les organisations." Strasbourg 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR1EC11.
Full textThis dissertation focusses on the dynamic of integration of the environmental issues in the activities of industrial organizations. The development of environmental knowledge is based on double-loop learning inside the firm in order to create new theories of actions which integrate the environmental dimension. In the first part of the dissertation, the analysis of individual learning processes allows us to characterize the formation of beliefs when the agents are confronted with radical uncertainty and, thus, to precise the concept of contextual rationality. In the second part, the creation of organizational knowledge is analysed. The introduction of a cooperative structure inside the firm is central to our analysis of emergence of collective knowledge. The efficiency of the firm depends on the evolution of individual knowledge and know-how, but also on the evolution of the capabilities of the members to bring together and to combine their skills in order to create new competences in the organization. Organizational learning is then analysed in terms of cognitive cooperations between the members of the firm
Longeaux, Nicolas de. "La philosophie politique contemporaine face aux questions écologiques." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010588.
Full textPermingeat, Frédérique. "La coutume et le droit de l'environnement." Lyon 3, 2009. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2009_in_permingeat_f.pdf.
Full textIn law, the challenge for the conservation of nature and biodiversity, including protection against pollutions, nuisances and risks calls for the diversification of its tools of intervention nowadays. However, the role that the customary may play in this respect is widely ignored. Nevertheless, the analysis of the usages in effect, in the society, reveals that numbers of them govern activities having a direct or indirect impact on the ecosystems. Customary glows itself with an ecological dimension and appears as a possible substitute of the state norms in environmental law. The analysis of substantive law reveals however that public authorities have not noted the interest of this usage yet in this respect. It is true that its protective vocation remains still fragile and must be confirmed in the decades to come. In addition, must be avoided the stumbling block of the traditionalism, which would consist in promoting customary by the only reverence of the past. For all that, usage remains nevertheless a promising instrument of conservation of the biosphere to which the State would be sure to open
Baudry, Marc. "Les options : applications à l'économie des ressources et de l'environnement." Rennes 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN10001.
Full textLamy, Marie-Laure. "Efficacité des politiques environnementales d'incitation à l'adoption de nouvelles techniques : le cas des énergies renouvelables." Grenoble 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE21007.
Full textSfez, Gérald. "Machiavel et la politique du moindre mal." Paris 8, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA081220.
Full textIt is a question of conceiving in the wake of machiavelli of politics as the politics of the lesser evil. This politics is based on a manner of thinking the economy of evil that does not in any way attenuate the radical nature of the latter. This work has taken two forms : an analytical commentary of the prince and an overall synthesis of machiavelli's work which ends with a study of representative readings. This conception of the political fecondity of events of radical evil, in the thought of their economy, is revealed as much in the exercise of the prince's limited cruelty as in the eruption of turmoil or the use of republican terror and the application of the harshness of the law. Machiavelli conceived the fecundity of unlinking (deliaison) in the constitution of the social bond with respect to the evolution of the state from its foundation and particularly its dual ability of renewing itself through the differend between moods and through the institutional register history is the place of insoluble conflict between fortune as an irreparable authority (whatever temporary victories there may he against her) and virtu, which, not trusting in reason's parameters, alone can pit itself against her and follow her excesses. History is revealed as the place in which liberty is tried out on the stage of glory politics is understood from the perspective of barely an aesthetic of the sublime that is linked to the aesthetic apprehension distinctive of the renaissance. Far from having unraveled the concrete reality of political life against a mythological background, it's with and against such a background that machiavelli was able to make his way towards an understanding of the political. This conception of the political emerges out of a writing that maintains the contradiction and constructs coherence only through confounding guideposts
Bégué, Marie-Cécile. "La politique française de l'électricité à l'épreuve de l'intégration communautaire et du droit de l'environnement." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT4003.
Full textThe French electricity policy is traditionally defined by public authorities. The preference for nuclear power implies great risk and severe damage to the environment. These features of French electricity policy are however questioned by the increasing influence of European law and the (relatively) recent recognition of the environmental issues of such policy. This thesis intends to study the consequences of two 'new' tendencies that seen-1 to be inevitable in the field of electricity policy : the decreasing role of national public authorities and the diffusion of the concept of sustainable development. The theorical model which underlies the organization of commercial exchanges is replacing the traditional intervention of the State regarding of this basic good. The adoption of legal rules to organize the electricity market has involved the development of many economic instruments. Those instruments aim at modifying the electricity policy in accordance with the principle of integration of environmental dimension in sectoral policies. The main object of our work is to analyse the consequences of these changes in the concept of public utility as well as in the importance given to environmental protection in the new forms of electricity policies
Bonnetain, Philippe. "L'état et la pollution en France : l'économie politique de la réglementation antipollution." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010013.
Full textThis thesis extends the traditionnal economic literature on pollution control regulations by introducing regulatory choice in an environment of interactions between pressure groups and regulators. Economists have tended to treat the issue of pollution through normative theories of public goods and externalities. This thesis is aimed at capturing to what extent French environmental protection policy is subjected to pressures from different groups of agents affected by this policy. We develop a theoritical model of pressure groups in order to explain the effects of key features of pressure groups on regulators choice of economico-environmental instruments like quotas, taxes and subsidies. The latter measures have different redistributive impacts on economic agents. The groups of agents with higher losses tend to lessen the developpment and the enforcement of environmental policy and vice versa for the groups of agents with lower costs. Comparative statics results are linked to econometrical treatment. It is shown that french environmental policy is partially influenced by pressure groups. In particular, ecologist parties results and penalties against firms violating pollution regulation are founded lower in departments where unemployment rate is high
Fraiberg-Pietra, Sophie. "L’idéal démocratique à l'épreuve du modèle sinaïtique : le concept d'Alliance." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100200.
Full textModern identity is defined by a democratic ideal in which the individual tends to become the source of each ethical value, as testified by the consecration of individual interest in the rise of the Human Rights thought. Such a process of secularization described by several sociologists implies that modernity defines itself against the past. With the concept of Alliance, we shall refute such a conception of modernity, according to which Moderns finally freed themselves from the alienation of traditional consciousness. In the very bosom of tradition takes place a "grinding" process between traditions, "spiritual blocks", Athens and Jerusalem, where one is used as reference against the other, following a pattern called by Rémi Brague "romanity", characterized by "cultural secondness", able both to take into account and, inextricably, to exclude. For Shmuel Trigano, this "appropriation of what is regarded as foreign" is nothing but a "negation of strangeness". Yet, strangeness being the very principle of the jewish idea of Alliance, it is the exclusion of the "Jew" that prevails in the consideration of the hebrew model. For us, what is at stake is to reassess those exclusions and appropriations. Since the roots of the democratic ideal are not exclusively greek, we have to reconsider this ideal in the light of the hebrew Alliance model, also known as sinaitic model. Though it has been a meaningful theoretical tool for such thinkers as Machiavelli, Hobbes and Spinoza, the Alliance elaborates another understanding of transcendance. Rehabilitating heteronomy is not aiming at giving some legitimacy to irrational commandments, but allows us to think a transcendantal act
Le, Nezet Nancy. "La pensée féministe : nouvelles questions pour la philosophie politique et sociale." Lyon 3, 2006. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2006_in_lenezet_n.pdf.
Full textSamson, David. "La crise environnementale : critique historique et philosophique des notions de conscience écologique et de rationalité instrumentale." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0072.
Full textThis theoretical and empirical work aims to question two concepts which structure environmental studies and philosophy of technology: “ecological consciousness” (or “environmental awareness”) and “instrumental rationality”. In itself, it is also a reflexion on the relations between philosophy and social sciences and on transdisciplinarity, often considered as a central trait of “postmodernity” and of the “rule of technology”. In order to do so, il uses various sources (legal, political, mediatics and academics) and several experiences of participant observation to participative democracy apparatuses (in particular at the French High Council of Biotechnologies).By furthering the criticism of the “reflexive Modernity” paradigm, the first part analyzes the problematization of the “environment” in France (1870-1945) and in Germany (1900-1945). The genealogy of environmental governability and of expertise leads to question the opposition between “anthropocentrism” and “biocentrism” and to reconceptualize the idea of a sudden “environmental awareness”. We will rather conceptualize the “environment” as a composite, variable, heterogene and potentially contradictory agencement.This will also lead us to substitue to the conceptual triangle “Technology-Environment-Modernity” a four terms diamond, “Technology-Environment-Modernity-Nazism”. Notwithstanding the role of technology in the Holocaust and Heidegger’s particular status, the analysis of nazism leads us to question the equivocity of calls to live “in harmony with nature” and to “control technology” as well as the idea that we could identify an “occidental relation to nature”.In our second part, the commentary of Heidegger and of the Frankfurt School allows us to analyze the notion of “instrumental rationality” and the idea that anthrpocentrism would be the cause of the environmental crisis. Calling on history of philosophy as well as on the problematization of historical and legal cases, we will henceforth analyze common problems to the critique of technology and environmental ethics, in particular the notions of an “ecological conversion” and of the indermination of technology . We will in particular treat of the project of a technical and environmental democracy and of its limits. The main aim of this work is henceforth to think differently the environment, technology and sciences, but also law and politics which aims to regulate them and thus confront the environmental crisis
Michez, Jean-Claude. "Vers une convivialité mondiale en philosophie politique contemporaine." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210573.
Full textL’occasion de cette thèse fut à la fois le déclenchement de la première bombe nucléaire à Hiroshima en 1945 et le développement de nouveaux moyens de télécommunications qui révolutionnèrent les domaines informatiques au début des années cinquante. Pour mémoire, les frères Gutenberg, au milieu du XVème siècle, avaient mis au point un procédé typographique qui utilisait les caractères mobiles découvert en Chine au XIème siècle. L’imprimerie, puis l’édition, puis la presse écrite aboutirent finalement à l’avènement des médias de masse contemporains. Convaincus des conséquences fondamentales des débuts de l’informatique de masse sur l’évolution de la géo-sociologie, nous avons commencé dans notre travail, par la recherche d’un modèle sociologique pouvant représenter l’ensemble des habitants de notre planète. Norbert Elias nous apporta le résultat de son étude sur la monopolisation progressive dans des sociétés, dans son livre la « Dynamique de l’Occident ». S. Huntington, de son coté, développa dans « Le choc des civilisations », la réalité sociologique des huit principales civilisations actuellement en développement. A l’occasion de voyages dans des pays appartenant à ces différentes civilisations, nous avons entrepris de construire (p.p. 48bis et 52bis) une trame sociologique mondiale de départ, c’est-à- dire avant l’arrivée d’Internet. L’approche des paradigmes de Kuhn (p. 57), nous donna un support pour expliquer comment l’arrivée d’Internet dans le monde pouvait provoquer un changement, probablement irréversible, de paradigme sociologique.
La « fusion » des 6 niveaux d’Elias et des 8 civilisations de Huntington, provoquée, de proche en proche, par l’arrivée d’Internet, nous a conduit à définir un concept de convivialité (p. 62). Un tel concept existait déjà, à l’initiative de Brillat-Savarin au XIXème siècle, au niveau d’un groupe d’amis réunis en vue de faire bonne chère et de passer un moment agréable. Ivan Illich d’autre part (voir annexe 1), penseur de l écologie politique (1926-2002), donna un sens tout différent à son concept de convivialité. Nous avons entrepris quant à nous de définir et caractériser un concept adaptable aux quelques 48 domaines similaires mais distinct d’une recherche étendue à l’ensemble de la planète. Pour rappel, la « philia » d’Aristote ne dépassait pas le niveau sociologique de la cité-Etat, et renvoyait le reste du monde connu vers l’appellation de « barbaroi ».
Après le moment de convivialité décrit par Aristote dans « L’étique à Nicomaque », le monde retomba pendant plus de 2.000 ans dans le règne des autocrates et il fallut de timides débuts de démocratie en Angleterre, puis aux Etats-Unis et en France en 1789, pour constater un changement durable. Depuis une trentaine d’années par contre un grand nombre d’Etats-nations ont successivement évolué et basculé vers des régimes démocratiques :d’abord dans l’Europe du sud, puis dans les quelques pays de l’Asie du Sud Est. L’implosion de l’URSS en 1989 provoqua la création de démocraties beaucoup plus proches des modèles d’Europe occidentale que les pseudo-démocraties populaires de l’ex-bloc soviétique. Simultanément, la plupart des Etats-nations d’Amériques du Sud et du Centre connurent des transformations pacifiques profondes et évoluèrent vers des structures démocratiques. Aujourd’hui, la majorité des Etats-nations parmi les 190 que compte l’ONU, sont devenues des démocraties, au moins en cours de devenir.
Par ailleurs, au-delà du niveau des Etats-nations se développèrent des Rgionalismes Politiques (R.P.), constitués par le rapprochement d’un certain nombre d’Etats, y compris, depuis quelques décennies, les R.P. de l’Inde, de la Chine et de l’Union Européenne qui regroupe actuellement 27 pays. D’autres R.P. tels que l’ASEAN en Asie du Sud-Est ou le MERCOSUR en Amérique Latine prirent corps de façon progressive. On peut constater ces développements suivant des étapes qui commencent en général par des ententes sécuritaires modestes, suivies d’échanges commerciaux croissants, puis des accords financiers et douaniers. Tous ces développements correspondent à des degrés de convivialité croissants et progressifs ;la véritable interconnexion mondiale et instantanée qui est ainsi en voie d’établissement et qui s’étend à tous les domaines de l’économie, est encore rendue plus complexe par l’entrée en jeu de multiples sociétés transnationales cherchant à chevaucher et ignorer les Etats. Ce nouveau tissu de sociétés multinationales ou transnationales spécialisées et efficaces profite pleinement des techniques mondiales d’informatique. Sur le plan des relations politiques, les relations intra-régionales et inter-régionales ont incorporé les spécificités propres aux différentes cultures, provoquant un brassage exponentiel, quoique difficile à suivre tant son ampleur et sa variété sont grandes.
Nous avons tenté de résumé le degré de convivialité, suivants les domaines, à l’échelle globale de notre planète devenue aujourd’hui rétrécie et interconnectée. En fait, nous constatons que l’aspiration vers la paix, et la suppression des cas de non-convivialité dans tous les domaines est telle que la convergence des activités spécialisées, agit vite et un peu partout simultanément dans le monde. Nous avons examiné successivement quelques domaines spécialisés et avons abouti à la conclusion qu’il existe déjà aujourd’hui un grand nombre de consensus dans les sciences de la nature et les sciences humaines.
Tous les domaines sont-ils concernés ?Non, on peut constater par exemple que la convivialité inter-religions est toujours nulle, sinon conflictuelle en particulier lorsqu’il n’y a pas séparation bien définie et acceptée entre religion et politique, comme c’est le cas pour l’Islam. Les religions d’Asie, souvent plus anciennes que celles du Moyen-Orient et de l’Europe, semblent plus accoutumées à la convivialité par respect mutuel.
Nous avons esquissé d’autre part l’évolution contemporaine en philosophie où les positions radicales du XIXème siècle nous apparaissent évoluer vers « La Nouvelle Alliance », titre du dernier ouvrage de I. Prigogine. Celui-ci, en phase avec les nombreuses interrogations nées d’un relativisme généralisé et plein de nouvelles inconnues, oriente nos recherches sans a priori et dans le méthode pragmatique des essais-erreurs, qu’aborde de son coté H. Putman en philosophie.
Dans le domaine de la philosophie politique enfin, un renouvellement d’intérêts provoqué par les nouveaux dangers de destruction de la planète par les hommes, stimule les efforts de convivialité et la recherche de nouveaux objectifs d’écologie et de progrès raisonnables, bien éloignés des traditions classiques de recherche de pouvoir à tout prix.
Notre antithèse a cherché où il est devenu nécessaire de temporiser et réglementer nos volontés trop excessives. Notre conclusion enfin veut souligner que nous sommes parvenus aujourd’hui à nous consacrer à un plein travail de recherche dans tous les domaines et qu’il n’est pas temps de conclure mais au contraire d’avancer vers l’accomplissement d’un monde plus humain, plus juste et plus convivial.
Doctorat en Philosophie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Ondoua, Pius. "Positivisme scientifique et positivisme idéologique : une analyse épistémo-politique du fétichisme de la science." Toulouse 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU20019.
Full textScience cannot be considered as a pure and unitary scheme (because it is fundamentally technoscience) ; technoscience cannot be separated from the historical individual, its direct pruducer, nor from the society, its indirect producer. Subjective, social and political aims are inherent to technoscience, aims of absolute domination of nature, man and society. Therefore, at the epistemological level, analytic model which intends to be the only model of any science, must be criticized; at the political level, structure of reality which indefinitely reproduces technoscientific development and its logic must be transformed, and at the ethical and axiological level human individual has to be considered as an absolute value, giving their aims to technoscience and history
Nguyen, Van Phu. "Croissance économique et environnement." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR1EC03.
Full textNkwocha, Edmund E. "Aspects géographiques de la gestion des déchets solides urbains au Nigéria : politiques, techniques et perspectives." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX10053.
Full textBueb, Julien. "Politique stratégique et environnement." Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA0005.
Full textEnvironment becomes a national and international major concern. The Nobel Peace Prize 2007 has been awarded to Al Gore and IPCC for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change. The "Grenelle de l'environnement" in France shows this new granted concern for governments. With the enlarging necessity to counteract climatic risk, governments can be however tried to escape from their environmental obligations. They can use emission tax or the tradable emission permits to support their national industry against international competition. The thesis is organized in two parts. The first part is a survey of the literature. Chapter 1 presents the strategic trade policy and chapter 2 includes its environmental dimension (chapter 2). The second part examines theoretical contributions and is organized as follows. Ln chapter 3, we analyze the impact of polluting firms' lobbying on strategic environmental policy with emission taxes. A market of tradable emission permits and a possibility (or not) of a market power for one firm on this market are discussed in chapter 4
Landaeta, Mardones Patricio Alfonso. "Implicancias políticas de la idea de geofilosofía de Deleuze y Guattari." Paris 8, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA083879.
Full textCe travail de recherche présente l'étude des enjeux politiques de l'idée de géophilosophie conçue par Gilles Deleuze et Félix Guattari. La clé de lecture qui nous permet de comprendre la dimension politique de celle-ci, nous la trouvons dans la relation "immanence et cité", rapport proposé spécifiquement dans la dernière collaboration des deux penseurs "Qu'est-ce que la philosophie ?". Chez Deleuze et Guattari, depuis sa naissance en Grèce, la cité offre un milieu inédit pour la pensée et la vie libre des citoyens. Afin de comprendre la valeur de ce milieu qui fait que la philosophie devient "géophilosophie", différentes disciplines sont étudiées : politique, histoire, philosophie, architecture, etc. La synthèse de cette étude peut se lire ainsi : si la cité émerge en tant que milieu ou atmosphère pour la philosophie, c'est parce que celle-ci rend possible l'hétérogénéité et le conflit tant pour la pensée que pour la vie pratique ou citoyenne. Cependant, en même temps, le conflit et l'hétérogénéité apparaissent aux yeux de la métaphysique (qui naît avec Platon) sous la figure de la menace qui doit être contenue ou bien expulsée de la cité afin de conserver l'ordre de la parole et des mouvements des âmes des individus, c'est-à-dire l'ordre qui doit régner dans l'espace de la "cité politique". A partir de ces remarques, nous analysons trois moments historiques : le monde grec, la Renaissance et la modernité, le monde contemporain. Le but est de comprendre la tension existant entre l' "ordre-organisme" et le "conflit-hétérogénéité". Spécifiquement, le fait qu'essaie de rendre compréhensible notre recherche, c'est d'une part le contrôle de l'hétérogénéité à travers le discours et la mise en place de l'organisme au moment de penser et planifier la cité et, d'autre part, l'expression du conflit en tant que devenir de l'immanence
This research presents a lecture of the political challenges of the idea of geophilosophy conceived by Deleuze and Guattari. The perspective that guides this thesis is lead by the relationship of "immanence and city" presented in "What is philosophy?" - the last piece of collaborative work by the two philosophers. In their own words, the city creates and offers a medium to the philosophical thought, a sort of "environment" or "atmosphere" since being developed in Greece, a radical immanence and heterogeneity through it a common place. Given this, to understand the value of this medium that converts philosophy in geophilosophy, multiple references will be presented and analysed. We can synthesize this approach in the following words: if the city appears for philosophy as a medium or atmosphere, it is because those make possible both heterogeneity and conflict, the fundamental elements of thought and citizen praxis. But at the same time, in front of Plato's Metaphysics, the conflict and heterogeneity emerges as a menace that must be controlled, domesticated or expelled of the perfect city to reach the conservation of the order of words and the order of movements of the souls of the individuals, the superior order that must govern the city. We decide to take this argument between these two approaches of the city and conflict to analyse three moments in history: the Greek world, the Renaissance and Modernity, and finally the contemporary world. The reason for this is found in what we think is important to be remarked: the tension between "order-organism" and "conflict-heterogeneity". Our research tries to understand and explain on the one hand the control of heterogeneity through the conception and practice of organism in philosophy and urbanism, on the other hand, the expression of conflict a singular becoming of immanence
Dal, Cin Patrick. "De l'aménagement du territoire. . . à l'aménagement de l'environnement : le cas français." Reims, 2005. http://theses.univ-reims.fr:80/exl-doc/GED00000133.pdf.
Full textIn France, the policies of the regional planning and environment converge towards the same mode of action. They tend, one and the other, in the search of a balance between the social, economic and natural systems which, by their dynamic and temporal relations, compose the local environments and condition the balance of the total environment. The complex relations between these two public policies develop according to a logic of opposition. They follow nevertheless, and independently one of the other, a process of readjustment, a trajectory of adaptation. For the public policy of the regional planning this evolution leads it to produce lawful texts whose intentions are those of a new framing of the wills of action, on regional and local scales. For the public policy of the environment, this trajectory the force to apprehend in an increasingly concrete way problems induced by balance of the total system and to insert, in the play of the actors, the taking into account of objectives of regulation. The bringing together of these two public policies is concretized by the division of a temporal scale, developed through the concept of development durable, by the questioning and the redefinition of the territorial scales of action and by the setting in oeuvre of new fashions of actions. The research task undertaken authorizes us to support the thesis that the correlated trajectories of the two public policies make it possible to conceive that in France, and today, a public policy of the installation of the environment, through the installation of the local systems, takes shape
Allik, Amel. "La construction de la crise environnementale. Thèmes, stratégies et représentations." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA038.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the construction of the environmental crisis through the flow of environmental discourses. We define the environmental crisis as a range of physical, social and discursive manifestations that are related to the Environment. They are caused by the separation of Man and nature, a relationship that derives from the Hellenistic concept of phusis. These manifestations oscillate between disruptions and uncertainties on the one hand, and on the other, the research of solutions whose objective is to find a new balance. The environmental crisis is composed of a set of public problems, as well as of numerous issues that have yet to be problematized or publicized in the public sphere. Through the careful study of some of environmental crisis discourses, we were able to examine these public problems and non-publicized issues as a wholeness. We analyzed a corpus of French and international environmental law foundation texts and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reports, and reconstructed some of the contents of this crisis. As we had three research objectives, we combined three methods of analysis. The first, a quantitative method, allowed us to define the themes of the environmental crisis. The objective of the second, a qualitative discourse analysis method, was to identify and describe the different strategies used by the different issuers of both institutional texts and CSR reports. Finally, narrative and cultural semiotics facilitated the comprehension of the organization of environmental representations, by reconstructing the underlying narratives behind the environmental crisis discourses
Dalbin, Jean-Philippe. "Un essai sur l'économie de la justice et du droit : le principe de rationalité confronté au principe de responsabilité." Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX32000.
Full textThe economic analysis of justice and law has acquired today an academic legitimacy. This research programme is even more relevant when it is applied to civil law, with regard to the numerous issues raised by the juridical discourse notably concerning what is called the crisis of civil liability, namely the gradual disappearing of civil law to profit social law. It seemed timely to combine economic considerations to the juridical approach to the crisis, in order to better assess the impasse of social charge civil responsibilities. It also seemed relevant to confront the neoclassical paradigm with this crisis : does the economic logic of civil liability to solve it ? The investigation suggests a negative answer. The original reason for this impropriety is located in the rationality postulate on which is based the neoclassical paradigm. .
Jaumary-Lapeyre, Evelyne. "Génétique, société et pouvoir : le débat contemporain." Nancy 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN20015.
Full textThe public has become largely familiar with the subjects of genetics and medically assisted procreation through a proliferation of information which come from various sources : though those who praise the benefits, from others who warn of the dangers and from a third source which advocates the exploitation of benefits while protecting from abuses through ethical and judicial restraint. However, society at large remains ignorant of the scientific and technical aspects of this fascinating subject on the cutting edge of medical research and in the intersection of personal and public attention. This subject gives birth to a clamor and an uneasiness which seems to hide a particular trend nevertheless perceived through certain signs in society. The fruitless approaches based on the supreme place given to reason and on the adoption of "quick-fix" methods governed by economic concerns, the quest to satisfy personal wants and the transferal of responsibility to specialists reinforce this hypothesis, only a political approach dealing with an open examination (?) firstly of the interplay and the limits of different powers and, secondly of the fundamental familial relationships, appears as effective in order to be aware of an unseen development of political trend, arisen out of the interplay between scientific and economic concerns and a spiritual and cultural void
Lefebve, Vincent. "Politique des limites, limites de la politique: la place du droit dans la pensée de Hannah Arendt." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209537.
Full textPour atteindre ces différents objectifs, ma thèse est structurée en deux grandes parties qui correspondent à deux points de vue que l’on peut adopter par rapport au droit et qui se révèlent tout à fait opératoires si l’on accède à une vision panoramique des écrits dispersés qu’Arendt a consacrés au droit. Je distingue ainsi, et ne cesse de faire dialoguer dans ma thèse, le « pôle objectif » (première partie) et le « pôle subjectif » (seconde partie) de la philosophie du droit de Hannah Arendt.
1/ Dans la première partie de mon étude, je montre comment la philosophe s’attache, dans ses livres les plus célèbres, à construire des modèles politiques qui ont tous pour particularité d’être aussi – et de manière indissociable – des modèles juridiques. a) Mon premier chapitre est dédié à l’intérêt manifesté par Hannah Arendt pour les sources de l’Antiquité, et vise en particulier à clarifier le rapport qu’elle entretient vis-à-vis des sources romaines. b) Dans mon deuxième chapitre, je propose une interprétation de sa réflexion consacrée aux deux grandes révolutions modernes de la fin du XVIIIe siècle, les Révolutions française et américaine. Je mets en lumière de quelle façon Arendt, en s’inspirant du précédent américain, élabore un modèle républicain et peut ainsi approfondir sa conception de l’articulation entre droit et politique. c) Dans mon troisième chapitre, je précise les contours d’un contre-modèle élaboré par Arendt dans ses premiers écrits politiques d’envergure, ceux qu’elle a consacrés au totalitarisme.
2/ Dans la seconde partie de mon étude, je me concentre sur le « pôle subjectif » de la philosophie de mon auteur :j’indique comment Arendt mobilise des situations existentielles limites pour penser la condition de l’homme contemporain. a) Dans mon quatrième chapitre, je montre que c’est à partir de la situation des réfugiés et des apatrides de l’entre-deux-guerres que Hannah Arendt nous invite à repenser non seulement les droits de l’homme, mais aussi leur titulaire, que j’appelle l’« homme des droits de l’homme ». b) Dans mon cinquième chapitre, je m’attache à mettre en évidence, dans toutes ses nuances, la figure du « juge » que Hannah Arendt s’attache à reconstituer après avoir assisté au procès d’Adolf Eichmann, après avoir ressenti ce que je nomme le « choc » du procès Eichmann. c) Dans mon sixième et dernier chapitre, enfin, je m’interroge sur les raisons profondes qui incitent Arendt à voir dans les grandes campagnes de désobéissance civile qui éclatent aux États-Unis durant les années 1950 et 1960, non le signe d’un déclin des institutions, mais, au contraire, la marque d’une renaissance de l’action citoyenne.
Je conclus en synthétisant l’apport de Hannah Arendt à notre pensée juridique. Dans cette œuvre, le droit n’apparaît jamais comme une simple contrainte extérieure pour la politique, ni comme son « supplément d’âme », mais comme sa condition d’existence :en conférant à la liberté politique ses limites, limites spatiales mais aussi relationnelles et temporelles, en lui offrant un cadre stable au sein duquel elle peut s’épanouir, le droit n’ampute pas la politique d’une part d’elle-même mais, au contraire, participe de sa constitution. Me fondant sur trois catégories centrales de la réflexion juridique (législation, constitution, juridiction), je souligne en outre tout l’intérêt d’une confrontation approfondie et détaillée entre l’œuvre arendtienne et les questions classiques et contemporaines qui animent le champ de la théorie et de la philosophie du droit, ce qui me permet d’ouvrir un certain nombre de perspectives de recherches futures.
Doctorat en Sciences juridiques
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Anouliès, Lisa. "Trade and environment : policy responses." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0064.
Full textThis dissertation postulates that strategic interactions between governments are a key element to assess the effects of trade on the environment. It adopts a positive approach which is aimed at uncovering new theoretical mechanisms to contribute to the trade and environment literature on the following questions: is the environmental policy used as a substitute for trade barriers, and what are the environmental consequences of such an attitude? What are the effects of the environmental policy on the productive efficiency of an economy? Can a border tax adjustment support an environmental objective? To propose new elements of answer on these fundamental questions, the three independent chapters of this dissertation rely on theoretical models featuring intra-industry trade. The first chapter shows that trade integration influences the incentives of governments to regulate polluting industries, and that these incentives vary according to the geographical scale of pollution. The second chapter concludes that the cost of complying with an environmental objective differs according to the design elements of the cap-and-trade program when firms are heterogeneous and in monopolistic competition. The third chapter predicts that a border tax adjustment induces compliance of countries with the cooperative environmental agreement, a strategic dimension that is crucial for solving competitive distortions and carbon leakage issues
Masutti, Christophe. "Le Dust Bowl, la politique de conservation des ressources et les écologues aux Etats-Unis dans les années 1930." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/MASUTTI_Christophe_2004.pdf.
Full textMöser, Cornelia. "Les débats féministes sur le "genre" en France et en Allemagne : théories voyageuses et traductions culturelles." Paris 8, 2011. http://octaviana.fr/document/178876976#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the feminist gender debates in the 1990s and 2000 in France and Germany in order to examine the processes of translation. It follows the paths of the cultural transfers that took place in the feminist gender debates and focuses on the productivity of the transformations that occur through translation. Starting from an analysis of these debates and their contextualization, the author argues that the theories that the participants in these debates identify as “gender theory” are in fact primarily theories that are strongly influenced by so-called “French theory”. The conspicuous similarities between the tense debates on “French feminism” in the US in the 1980s and the French and German gender debates provide insight into the strategic construction of theoretical canons, that then undermine or even attack hegemonic theoretical sets. Looking more closely at the “French feminism” debate in the US, the author goes onto examine the 1980s “culture wars”: the competing constellation of critical theory and so-called postmodern theory or deconstruction. What appears to be conflicting here actually had earlier moments of non-conflictual interrelation as the analysis of the French obsession with German modernist theory from the 1960s to the end of the 1980s show. In this context, translation must be understood as a central factor in the globalized knowledge production. For feminist researchers in France and Germany, the gender debates correlate with their institutionalization what also led them to write the history of feminist thinking. I discuss the teleological pitfalls in this project by considering the gender debate’s most frequently-occurring narratives
Sadoun, Katia. "Du mouvement écologique à l'écologie dans l'entreprise en Allemagne." Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX10067.
Full textAlthough the public at large has been aware of the german green movement since the middle of the seventies, interest in nature and above all the existence of associations for the protection of the natural heritage date back to the second half of the 19th century. In a sense the student protests of the sixties and seventies prolonged the pacifist movement of opposition to rearmament of the young federal republic; the protection of the environment was a relatively marginal aspect of the protests. The environmentalist element only began to gain importance at the end of the seventies, when the student movement was disintegrating, confronted by the impasse of the revolution and revelations about the realities in the socialist world. The founding of the green party in the early eighties, concomitant with the increasing number of environmental disasters, is one of the factors which has determined the importance of west germans' concern for the environment. This concern for the environment has today penetrated every area of public life: international, federal and local politics, firms and their representational structures, individual citizens or their associations. German companies have progressed from a defensive attitude to active protection of the environment, compelled by strict legislation, the deterioration of their image after various environmental disasters and increasing pressure from public opinion, amplified by the media. Parallel to this the environment has appeared increasingly as a promising market. Each protagonist is acutely aware of this opportunity and is trying to play a part in it and turn it to his advantage
Fages, Emmanuel. "Réforme économique dans les PVD et enjeux de l'environnement global : pour une politique intégrée : réflexions à partir du cas de l'Inde." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0018.
Full textHerrera, Vega Eliana. "Le trafic de drogues dans la perspective de la philosophie sociale." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA082356.
Full textDrug traffic is an informational paradox caused by the encounter of organized modern complexity with non modern societies, depriving men from their capacity of judgment and direct action upon society. The starting point is the complexity of society, followed by an analysis of the sources and of the theory of systemic development (Luhmann, 1970) and continued with an explanation of the relationships between systems based on the concept of interference (Teubner, 1983). The core of the thesis is divided in two. First, we evaluate a particular experience: Colombia's history, and second, there is a theoretical analysis that spells out the patterns of global capitalism within the world scope of drug trafficking
Domergue, Magali. "Donner une valeur monétaire à l'environnement, une aide pour la décision publique ? : le cas de la gestion des déchets et du solaire photovoltaïque à Paris." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0128.
Full textThis thesis aims to explore the monetization potential of non-market values in the environmental sector, for public decisions, through the analysis of two examples : renewable energy produced by photovoltaic solar panels and household waste management. Thus, it was necessary to create a valuation weighting factors reference base, so as to convert the impact of quantitative flows (tons of C02 , kg of nitrogen oxide emissions. . . ) into monetized value (euro per C02, euro per kgNOx. . . ). The economic and environmental assessments of the installation of photovoltaic panels on municipal buildings in Paris show a resulting social cost. Concerning domestic waste management in Paris in 2007, monetized data brought forth several interesting facts : environmental benefit of recycling, environmental performance of the SYCTOM incinerators. . . The analysis was undertaken by pursuing a 30 year projection. This analysis served as a reference to study the effectiveness of actions to improve the future environmental performance thus highlighting another benefit of monetization, which is the possibility to develop and analyze scenarios under budget constraint. The results based on WF coming from different studies and settings are weak but preferable to the lack of data which may lead to potentially arbitrary decisions and therefore contrary to environmental interest (secondary effects not taken into account, mobilizing budget for limited effects. . . ). These verifiable results with ranges of uncertainty represent support of discussion around a single aggregate indicator easier to handle and more comprehensible than multiple physical flows of impacts. A wide set of referenced WF accompanied by rules of use and rules of evolution would allow developing interest in monetization in France and thus generating decision tools
Alphandéry, Pierre. "Les campagnes françaises de l'agriculture à l'environnement (1945-2000) : politiques publiques, dynamiques sociales et enjeux territoriaux." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001IEPP0012.
Full textAlves, Carlos-Manuel. "La protection intégrée de l'environnement en droit communautaire." Bordeaux 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR40006.
Full textIn the face of increasingly significant ecological imbalances, the question of the relationship between the environment and economic development has become international. The integration or the integrated protection of the environment seeks to es ablish equilibrium between these two essential needs. Its consist of placing environmental considerations in development policies. Taking account of its call, the European Community, regional organisation for. . . Economic integration, could not stay in the background of such a movement. Integration has taken the form of a legal duty in the treatry. .
Benoit, Maude. "Reconfiguration de l’État et renouvellement de l’action publique agricole : L’évolution des politiques agroenvironnementales au Québec et en France." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD048/document.
Full textSince the 1990s, environmental issues in agriculture have increasingly become a public policy problem in industrialized countries, notwithstanding the fact that they are integrated very differently in their respective agricultural policies. Based on this observation, this research seeks to explain the various national institutionalization and evolution paths of the so-called agri-environmental policy through a comparative analysis between Quebec and France. The analytical framework considers both the structures and the policy actors in the agri-environmental policy construction by studying specifically two variables: the configuration of agricultural policies and the role of public administrations. This qualitative research investigates a long time frame (1990-2013) and combines three data collection methods: content analysis, discourse analysis and semi-structured interviews. This thesis shows that traditional agricultural policy key players (agricultural administrations and agricultural professional organizations) act as filters of reformist ideas present globally and that they “acclimate” both the sustainable development paradigm and the new public management paradigm to the specificities of their countries and of their public policy sector
Santiso, Javier. "De l'utopisme au possibilisme : une analyse temporelle des trajectoires mexicaines et chiliennes, 1970-1996." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997IEPP0021.
Full textFrom Mexico to Chile, politics is no longer a question of certainty, of clear views and visions of the future. In these two countries, the emergence of a political temporality involving a fixed horizons of expectation, and a renewed focus on the present, all bear witness to a reconfiguration of political discourse and action, a new vision of the world. The transformation in perceptions of time conceals a more essential change. In fact not only a whole vocabulary but also a grammar is disappearing. The political phrasing which existed in past decades, and which revolved around terms that referred to revolution and to the state, is being replaced by a language whose primer is made up of democracy and the market, concepts that involve a fixed temporal horizon. Without forgetting significant nuances and contrasts between individual cases, one can see the emergence not of a new paradigm but of a politics of the possible, that is more concerned with an ethics of consequences than an ethics of convictions. The contrasting political paths of Mexico and Chile demonstrate both the importance and the limits of the transformations taking place in Latin America. They bear witness to the disappearance of the grand maximalist, historicist and utopian theories and their replacement by more pragmatic and possibilist policies. Politics is ceasing to be a utopian technique and becoming a fragmentary one, a kind of discourse and action that no longer refer to teleological models but rather remains open to the play of possibilities. Economic policies, buttressed by paradigms that were conceived as modelos para armar, have given way to less rigid approaches. The trajectories of the countries examined here confirm that the transformation currently under way cannot be reduced to a simple paradigm-shift that could be summarised as simply a passage from the noble savage to the good democrat or from the good revolutionary to the good free-marketeer
Nadeau, Christian. "Le lien civil : morale publique, obéissance et gouvernement à l'âge classique : Jean Bodin, Pierre Charron et Jean de Silhon." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100176.
Full textRichard, Louis-André. "Les métamorphoses du rapport politique à la mort (recherche de pivots structurant la réflexion en médecine palliative)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27016.
Full textOur research explores key moments of metamorphosis of the political relationship to mortality under consideration of such topics as the forbidden, the dignity, the autonomy and the alterity. We derive suitable anchors in order to feed the current thinking in palliative medicine. We deliver a philosophical investigation, to us Westerners who enjoy the strongest influences of the Greco-Roman, the Christian and the modern way of thinking. These bases, building our political world, have led to the emergence of palliative medicine. Therefore we attempt to characterize and understand new issues in their political and ethical aspects, considered in the light of contemporary forms of support for the dying. Our effort is in trying to discern the aspirations and the dead ends. The study of the metamorphosis of benchmarks showed a pronounced dissociation over time. Consequently, as to our interpretation of the business foundation of these political issues unveiled a universal recognition of the prohibition of homicide, but with a loss of moral bond in favor of an amoral referred; unanimous downstream of respect for human dignity, but expressing confusion and ostensible division between intrinsic and extrinsic designs; a bald assertion of autonomy, but with a marked distancing in terms of how to consider the part of the other; a variation of human relations as recognized by all, but exacerbated in an artificial tension between individualism and altruism. Furthemore, noting the distance and dislocation between the notions of public and private, between the claim of brotherhood and the search for meaningful friendship, we considered the palliative community as a place of resistance to this threatening breakdown in the political community. At the end of the analysis, we founded the concepts of "allonomia" and "ethical suspension." These original contributions to philosophy are aimed at giving its full wisdom dimension in serving palliative care.
Debourdeau, Ariane. "Prendre en compte l'environnement dans la sphère du produire : normalisation par les dispositifs socio-techniques en réseau et formes d’engagement environnemental." La Rochelle, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00818915.
Full textThis research deals with standardization through different sociotechnical agencements and with the normalization and the regulation of environmental discourses and practices within the sphere of producing (Jonas). It concerns more specifically the firms and their environmental and sustainable development’s politics (management systems, reporting, labelization, a. S. O. ). This dissertation describes finely the concerned networks, and especially mediations provided by a multitude of texts, written and conveyed by heterogeneous actors. This “architexture” is translated into the firm’s environmental practices – a translation corresponding to the new networks’ extensions. Our methodological point of view is ethnographic; accounting for three different kinds of companies environmental politics. We wanted to understand if and how environment can contribute to a politicization of the Sphere of production, to question the instruments serving as a proof of the firm’s commitment to the environment. This research focuses on hybrid forms of environmental public policies, on the development of compromises between rationality economic (economic rationality), scientific and technical innovation and (the) construction of indicator in order to make the environment quantifiable and measurable. This study supposed a large “technical enquiry”, which dealt with statistics on one hand, and technical objects’ way of living on the other hand. The co-production of markets and environment(s) appeared finally as a pragmatic of the “less evil”, which left minimal compromise as for the possibility of an ecological ethics of the Sphere of producing
Gabbay, Ruth. "Le commerce international à l'épreuve des contraintes environnementales." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05D009.
Full textThe environmental component of sustainable development has become an essential concept, a major issue that has gradually interfere into the commercial sphere. International trade could no longer ignore the concept of environmental protection and must now deal with It. These two separate legal orders have conflictual relations, as It can be compared as two asymtotes that tends one to the other without ever reaching totally because their interests diverge. Protecting the environment by crossing the path of free exchange may affect the latter by restricting It. So, at first glance, this stormy relationship could lead to potential conflicts of normative and judicial order and in regard to the solutions that can be found. The standards set by MEAs are for some of them in contradiction with those erected by the multilateral trading system. In terms of competitiveness, the implementation of a rigorous environmental policy may have for consequence the reduction of the competitiveness of the developed countries or their companies against those who are more lax on environmental issues. However, we find that environment can be a factor of competitiveness. In addition, to compensate the potential distortions in the competition, countervailing could be considered as a border tax adjustment. The commercial sphere has nevertheless made efforts in the environmental issue. As part of the WTO, the jurisprudence has gradually open out to this and admits, certainly, so conditioned, that a State may on behalf of the preservation of the environment limit Its exchanges. The creation of a Trade Environment Committee demonstrates Its commitment not to ignore environmental issues. This will also be enrolled under the new RTAs which objectives go beyond the multilateral trading system by including in the provisions, the questions excluded during the Cancun negotiations, such as the environment. Environmental assessments of trade policies also represent an innovative instrument at the service of the environment. The implementation of ecolabeling or the creation of environmental goods and services reflects the growing impact that has the environmental component within the free trade
Leconte, Arnaud. "Combler l'écart entre la gestion de l'information et du risque social : : le marché européen du carbone, un modèle pour un marché global du carbone?" Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE0012.
Full textThe development of a new emerging market of carbon emission rights, the EU ETS (European Trading Scheme), since 2005 represents the first empirical attempt to capture new information (the carbon price) in climate risk management. A future global and efficent carbon price set by the market system assumes the existence of financial and technological transfer mechanisms to developing countries under the equity principle. The fair distribution of resources and risks is critical in the carbon market, and issues of equity are central to securing a global action programme to deal with climate change. Most economic studies consider that the carbon market is superior to other instruments (such as the carbon tax) in terms of efficiency and effectiveness. Formal modelisation in economics focuses on neo-classical models where perfect information is assumed. However, even a small amount of information imperfection has a profound effect on the nature of the equilibrium. The loss of confidence in the market mechanism observed in the current crisis leads to propose a new way of analysing financial markets. Under a framework of interactions between imperfect information and speculative flows, the new model developed in the present thesis, called PRISME, identifies and addresses the six key functions of financial markets: Price, Risk, Incentives, Social, Multiplier and Effectiveness. .
Abbes, Kaïs. "Analyse de la relation agriculture-environnement : une approche bio-économique : cas de la salinisation des sols et de la pollution par les nitrates au nord tunisien." Montpellier 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON10002.
Full textSerret, Ysé. "Prise en compte de la dynamique industrielle dans les politiques de l'environnement : vers un mode de régulation entre incitation économique et démarche volontaire de l'industrie." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010034.
Full textBaechler, Laurent. "Action collective et allocation des ressources atmosphériques : le cas du changement climatique." Paris 9, 2000. https://bu.dauphine.psl.eu/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2000PA090059.
Full textMorvan, Régis. "Les politiques publiques locales de protection de l'environnement : éléments d'analyse des systèmes comptables des administrations publiques locales." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON10050.
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