Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Philosophie médiévale'
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Roudaut, Sylvain. "Forma dat esse : les mutations de la forme au Moyen Age (ca. 1250-1350)." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S158.
Full textThis work deals with the evolution of the concept of form during the late Middle Ages (ca. 1250-1350). It tells the story of this evolution through the study of intricated problems typical of late medieval metaphysics and natural philosophy: the problem of universals, the controversy about the plurality of forms, the intensio formarum debates, the problem of fluxus formae related to motion
Robert, Aurélien. "Penser la substance : étude d'une question médiévale, XIIIe-XIVe siècles." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT3012.
Full textLemler, David. "Création du monde et arts d’écrire dans la philosophie juive médiévale (Xe-XVe siècles)." Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EPHE4058.
Full textThe Medieval Jewish philosophers used esoteric writing strategies in order to deal with matters of critical importance. The opposition between the « religious theory » of the creation of the world and the « philosophical theory » of its eternity constitues one of the most typical example of such subjects. Since Leo Strauss’ works, these « arts of writing » have been generally considered as means of hiding heterodox opinions, used by the philosophers in order to avoid political persecution. We try to show that this esotericism does not stem from mere political calculation, but from intrinsically philosophical considerations : the limitation of langage itself, that fails to express certain issues, such as the radical origin of all things. From this starting point, we discuss the views and writing strategies of diverse Jewish philosophers, active between the 10th and the 15th centuries, each of whom held a different theory on creation (Saadia Gaon, Abraham Ibn Ezra, Maimonides, Isaac Albalag, Gersonides and Ḥasday Crescas). We argue that the doxographic perspective, aiming at identifying each author’s « real view », is not appropriate when dealing which such esoteric writings, which we propose to envisage as the manifestation of a specific philosophical style, emerging in the Medieval period from the confrontation between philosophy and « revelation »
Dahrouge, Ali. "Les mouvements philosophiques dans la pensée andalouse : étude historique, analytique et comparée." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010639.
Full textThe conquest of Spain by Islamic troops occuers as early as the first decade of the eight century. Very begining, intellectual Islamic centers would developed. The study of philosophy is very important to understand the islamic theology in Andalousia. We recognize clealy that the andalousian philosophy would florish through the assimilation of Greek philosophy, although it would graw in an independant school. Things that distings of the Islamic thinkers occuers in their tendancy to conciliate religion with philosophy. Through out these considerations, we cannot be forget the deep influences, that the orient would enlivened own the andalousian way of life. Nevertheless, Spain could be flowed of its proper contribution to philosophical thought, and of its distings soufi schools, would enlivened by Islamic insperation. Moreover the oriental influence cannot be oblitarated, as can be through many local the divers testimonies
Calvet, Antoine. "La version d'oc du Rosarius Philosophorum attribué à Arnaud de Villeneuve (introduction, étude de langue, édition, traduction)." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040244.
Full textThe rosary is a translation in the Occitan language of the second part (practica) of Rosarius Philosophorum, the famous fourteenth century alchemist treatise ascribed to the physician Arnald of Villanova. After an introduction where we tackle problems of the dating and authenticity of the text, together with questions related to manuscripts and relationships between the Occitan text and its Latin model, we propose, following a linguistic study (phonetic, morphology, syntax and lexicology), an edition of the rosary with a translation in standard French, accompanied by a transcription of the Latin text
Arnould, Colette. "Un aspect de la superstition dans la France médiévale : le Diable et la sorcière (XIIe-XVe siècles)." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010559.
Full textThe devil was to be the central figure responsible for all forms of superstition between the 12 th and the 15 th century. The internal conflicts within the church caused it to be seen everywhere, be held responsible for all forms of heresy and, as any nonconformist act was judged heretical, the result led to "heresy-witchoraft". The inquisition thus took on a new dimension and waged a ruthless war on nonconformity with the help of authorities motivated by personal gain. If magic and witchoraft were to develop in an increasingly troubled period by the end of the midle ages, nothing, at first indicated the role played by the witch. It was only the gradual depreciation of women, associated with original sin, sexuality and ancestral dread, that would make of women "witches" bound body and soul to Satan. The inquisitor's speeches henceforth reflected a society living in fear and, far from discouraging superstition, the church, having lost its consoling role, gave the way to the most unreasonable acts while the need for scape-goats was to give birth to the witch-hunts a century later. Though the midle ages preceded era of stake-burnings, it had already created the basic behaviour codes accounting for their very existence
Thévenin, Pierre. "Le Miroir des Faits : philosophie de l'habillage juridique dans la scolastique médiévale et ses lectures romantiques." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0033.
Full textIn Roman law's far-reaching tradition I search for conceptual resources helping to analyse the normative patterns through which contemporary societies are governed. Aiming at refining our theoretical assessment of the décline of classical légal science, I recover and re-read two traditions. First, I examine idealist Systems of légal philosophy and their propensity to ignore the historical dimension of légal techniques. This is shown to have ironical conséquences, when Kant sets himself up as a judge at the tribunal of reason, or when Hegel treats Roman law as both spécifie to the history of ancient Rome and germane to the eternal and abstract form of « objective spirit ». The second part of my research hence turns to the Roman law of possession, a topic which testifies to long-run shifts in the scientific style of légal thinking. In confronting mainly Italian scholastic interprétations of jus possessionis, dating from Xllth to XlVth century, with Von Savigny's Treatise on Possession of 1803, I show how philology and historical érudition were involved in a romantic attempt at embedding Kant's idea of the autonomy of free will into the realm of jurisprudence. As a resuit, médiéval ways of employing légal techniques independently of any external ontological constraint tended to be overshadowed. Whereas glossators felt free to imagine types of légal possessions which were « more or less facts » or to posit fictitious property transfers, I consider this loose attitude towards rèality as a valuable touchstone for analysing law's spécifie part in the government of contemporary society
Galdéano, Jeanine. "L'altérité chez le semblable dans quelques œuvres de la littérature médiévale française." Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20030.
Full textIn verse chronicle or novels in medieval French literature, we tend to recall only the exploits of exceptional heroes, mortals whose physical feats one admires or enchanters with enviable qualities. Yet, jealousy and passion, while corrupting bodies through the rigours of combat, give birth to that which becomes an intangible creature in its own right, namely otherness, which, unseen, intrudes between characters in order to harm them and so the better to destroy them. This is an underhand war, conducted according to three perfect strategies. The first entails poisoning relations both too similar and yet too different. Or, it can involve changing a single character - a knight profoundly shaken who no longer knows who he is - himself or another. Finally, otherness, the true dynamic of these works, chooses to attack the victim on both fronts, thus creating turmoil embracing change in oneself and in the other protagonist, there being no chance of knowing which one will prevail
Majjati, Abdelaziz. "Philosophie musulmane et philosophie juive au Moyen Age : étude des méthodes et des systèmes." Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080808.
Full textThe subjects discussed in this work are the islamic philosophy and the juish philosophy in the middle age, particularly the philosophy of the thinkers of the islamic spain. The study of methods and systems of some thinkers representing both philosophies would be our basic concern. Here we have the list of the thinkers chosen in this work: - salomon ibn gabirol - bahya ibn paquda - juda hallevy and maimonide. Those are among the juish thinkers. In the other side, the islamic philosophers are as follow: - avicenne (ibn sina). - al-ghazali and averroes (ibn rochd). The purpose of this work is the study of the relation which exist between the two philosophic systems so as to show the similarities and differencies
ʿAwwād, Mārūn. "Le Commentaire moyen à la Rhétorique d'Aristota par Averroès." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010596.
Full textMéheut, Martine. "Maître Eckhart ou la philosophie de l'universel intime." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010522.
Full textMeister Eckhart's thought process stands out in that it seems to go beyond the ontological interpretation of reality thanks to a purely philosophical approach the method of which can teach us a lot. His philosophy is a critical henology of ontology that forces us to think over the concept of truth, to reshape its dimension in relation to reason, reality and the image. What can be thought exceeds what can be said. The aim of this quest is the one rather than the being, and it leads to "eternal birth" that enables man to live the deity he is by vocation and to recover the universal which is intimately present in him
Joly, Éric. "L'âme, l'éternité et le temps dans les commentaires médiévaux du Livre des causes." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/62290.
Full textStorck, Alfredo-Carlos. "Les modes et les accidents de l'être : études sur la métaphysique d'Avicenne et sa réception dans l'Occident latin." Tours, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUR2031.
Full textIlies, Dan-Alexandru. "Sur le chemin du palais : ésotérisme, cosmologie et pensée politique dans l'introduction et la conclusion du "Guide des égarés"." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010543.
Full textDarriulat, Jacques. "Qu'est-ce qu'un tableau? : essai sur la formation des images en Europe depuis Giotto." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010560.
Full textThe iconological analysis of Arnolfini's wedding, by Jan Van Eyck, reveals the three constitutent dimensions of painting : "spectacular", "haullucinar" and "oneiric". Spectacular order comments the foundation : Giotto invents a new space of absolute clearnes - the "majesty"- in which obviousness is necessary truth, an aesthetical perspective whose meaning is panoramic amplitude more than geometrical construction. From mosaic through leaded glass window unto @painting, we can enumerate the degrees of this aperture. Hallucinar order turns upside down and darken this brightness. The conjurer, by H. Bosch, gives us a model : here, the glance is falling into a side trap. The glory of majestic gives up its seat to grotesque figures which come from periphery and invade center. The hallucinar opposition becomes quieter when figures of condensa- tion are appearing : diana the nymph and christopher the ferryman. Then, the infinite development of oneiric time may be opened out. The first anatomy lesson, by Rembrandt, begins this third movement. The sparkle of the hallucinar glance vanishes and the painting becomes the mirror of time. Thus, imaginary cohesions take shape and lead the erudite research : a medievel legend renews the interpretation of the conjurer, by H. Bosch, and confirms its adherence to the hallucinar order. Finally, we way set down the rules of our method : from the point of the aesthetic encounter, the meaning of the images is growing up. It is, first, the fixation of the signal; then, the ambivalence of the symbol; and, at last
Van, Haelen Eliette. "La coexistence des trois religions monothéistes en Andalousie aux IXe et Xe siècle." Lyon 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO3A005.
Full textPerini-Santos, Ernesto. "Modalité et évidence : :la description ockhamienne de la connaissance." Tours, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUR2028.
Full textGrellard, Christophe. "Croire et savoir : les principes de la connaissance selon Nicolas d'Autrécourt." Tours, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUR2026.
Full textMoussaoui, Ahmed. "Le problème des fondements de la logique chez les penseurs musulmans médiévaux : la logique d'Ibn Sīnā." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010529.
Full textThe hellenic logic a formal character very restrict, because of its ontological foundations. As a formal science, logic according to the conception of most thinkers in the medieval period seems difficult to edify starting with the question of foundations. The analysis of ibn sina's logical texts shows that has a formal conception of logic that does not need metaphysical foundations. However the essence existence distinction based on this conception itself depends on a certain philo sophical conception which explicitly states the distinction between existential and non-existential proposition. On the other hand, the syntax of arabic language that expresses the different forms of negation (predicative, propositional, preposed and postposed of quantifiers), the absence of copula and the process of distributin "all" led ibn sina towards an analysis the predicative proposition which can be translated in terms of function and argument. Consequently, the classification of syllogisms and propositions under formal considerations. This logic contains numerous laws of classical calculus of propositions, predicate calculus of first order and logic of relations
Atucha, Iñigo. "Histoire d’un historien des philosophies médiévales : vie et oeuvre de François Picavet (1851-1921)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040108.
Full textThe intellectual biography of François Picavet (1851-1921) is an opportunity to explore the early days of the history of mediaeval philosophy as an institutionalised discipline in France from 1880 to 1920. A forgotten figure of the study of mediaeval philosophy, Picavet was a lecturer at EPHE (Religious Sciences department) from 1888 and director of studies from 1907, secretary of the Collège de France in 1904 and lecturer in the history of mediaeval philosophy at the Arts Faculty of the Sorbonne from 1906 onwards. Picavet’s academic career took place within a particular context in which the history of mediaeval philosophy came to be established in a structured and stable manner in French higher education. Like other institutionalised disciplines, the history of mediaeval philosophy benefited from the need for deep-seated reform of the university system, which was expressed in political and scientific circles from around 1860 and continued under the Third Republic, resulting in the emergence of new institutional structures in French higher education (the foundation of EPHE in 1868 and the creation of new courses at the Sorbonne, including a history of mediaeval philosophy course in 1906). Picavet’s original historiography confines the significance of mediaeval philosophical questions, which remain bound to the historical context in which they originated: thus, every philosophical system is the partial expression of a given civilisation, just like the scientific, artistic and craft related expressions which it produces and which characterise it
Cheikh, Hussein Akil El. "Les notions du vrai et du faux d'après le Coran (introductions et perspectives)." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010563.
Full textIn order to relate Koranic truth to the same notion in human thoght, this study begins with stressing the issue of this question in western thought, issue which is characterized by the failure of metaphysical truth and the triump of built-up truths that can be invested in a human project aiming at dominating the environment. The cultural background of Koran and particularly the arabic language, suggests an ambiguous notion of truth; bat a deeper analysis reveals a truth that can be identified with a being whose primary determinations are power, stability, appropriateness and usefulness because specific methodological weak points the exegesis of Koran cannot make out a satisfactory picture of the characteristics of Koranic truth neither of its antithesis, which are likened to God as the immutable beign on one hand, and to its antithesis - nothingness - on the other hand, the present study makes an inventory of the mentionned weak points which are responsible for the gap between the text and its commentaries, the latest being the projection onto the text of views and ideas of extrinsic origins. This work sets criterions for a significant commentary on the text and a consequent characterization of the notions. Lastly, this study discusses the widespread idea of Koran an truth-itself and ends with hypothesis concerning the outlines of the Koranic conception of world as a cradle of the conception of truth and its contraries
Cordonier, Valérie. "Les formes de l'auctoritas : lieux d'émergences d'un "averroïsme théologique" dans la lecture thomasienne de Maïmonide, d'Avicenne et d'Averroès sur la science du premier moteur." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040011.
Full textThis study gives a detailed analysis of the various forms adopted by the authorities of Aristotle, Avicenna, Averroes and Maimonides in the work of Thomas Aquinas. A particularly interesting topic for such an analysis is that of the divine science. So, as starting point of my study, i compile a full list of texts related to this question. On this basis, i proceed to analyse these passages, comparing them with its implicit or explicit sources by the Greek, Arabic and Jewish predecessors of Thomas in the aristotelian tradition. The particular treatment imposed on these texts displays significant differences in various phases of Aquinas' career, that i try to compare with the very different approach of such authorities by Albertus Magnus. In this way, this study will establish an evolution in the thomasian attitude toward these thinkers, and try to relate it to the intellectual context of this time, particularly to the articles in the condemnations of 1270 and 1277 concerning divine science, providence and knowledge of the future contingents
Faucher, Nicolas. "Les garanties de la foi chez les penseurs franciscains du XIIIème siècle et du début du XIVème siècle." Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EPHE5062/document.
Full textWe have chosen to study the theories of the nature and mechanism of religious belief put forward by Franciscan thinkers, from 1230 to 1330. Our corpus is comprised of disputed questions from a diversity of theological works written by Franciscans and those who influenced them. We tried to understand what psychological acts and faculties come into play to ensure the firmness of the assent of faith, and in what way our authors justify the very fact of having faith as opposed, for example, to knowledge, and the fact of having a given faith, the catholic one, as opposed to another. According to us, there exist two historical movements: the one which leads from Alexander of Hales to Bonaventure to Olivi and the one which leads from Henry of Ghent to Godfrey of Fontaines to Duns Scotus. We show that these two movements are characterized by the combination of two tendencies. The first one consists in a naturalization of faith: the role of supernatural divine action in the production of the habitus and act of faith is reduced. The second tendency consists in a “voluntarization” of faith: on the one hand, the will plays a more and more crucial role in the carrying out of the act of faith and, on the other hand, the scope of its intervention in the production of human beliefs in general is ever larger. These tendencies still exist in the 14th century, for example in Ockham and Holkot. The justifications of faith follow these two movements: voluntarist models demand practical rather than speculative justifications while the naturalization of faith entails that nothing in the process of production of belief can, for the believer, distinguish the assent of catholic faith from others
Serverat, Vincent. "L'être et la joie : la philosophie de Ramon Llull dans le "Libre d'Amic e Amat"." Paris 4, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA040127.
Full textEssay of restitution of the philosophical subjects underlying this literary text: ontology of "esse", system of human passions (with emphasis on the pair joy sadness), love and friendship, metaphysic of divine perfections, theology of creation and incarnation, symbolism, cosmology of material elements, ethics (freedom, values, intention), mystic thought, etc. The method focuses the point of convergence between these philosophical questions and facts of language, as stylistic figures, lexical productions, linguistic structures, etc
Lamarre, Jean-Marc. "Le maitre, le disciple et le maitre interieur : enseignement et langage dans le "De magistro" de saint Augustin." Strasbourg 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR20018.
Full textIn his "de magistro", starting from an analysis of words as signs, augustine raises the question of the conditions that make teaching possible. Can a man teach another man ? The philosophical interest of this dialogue is to analyse the connections between teaching, language and truth - augustine positions himself at the very place of the act of teaching as a speech act explaining truth to the pupil ; and he shows that teaching is not a mere transmission from the master to the pupil but a triangular relation between the master, the disciple and truth - in the representation of the inner master, augustine inscribes truth as an alternative place where the minds converge. The master teaches what is true but the pupil cannot learn a truth that remains external from the words of someone else. The understanding of"de magistro" comes up against two obstacles : the reading of a dialogue which is meant to be formative rather than informative, and the identification of the inner master, of truth and of christ. In the first part, we will show that "de magistro" is not a theoritical expose but a spiritual exercise ; in the second part we will analyse "de magistro" as an itinerary from words to signs and from signs to truth, avoiding the traps set by augustine thanks to the distinctions made in "de dialectica" lastly, we will show that the metaphor of the inner master has a praxeological function of urging inner conversion and that the triad of the master, the disciple and the inner master has an ethical dimension, liberating one of the alienating effects of the position of mastery. With augustine, it is the hermeneutical paradigm of the inner man that forms itself
Calma, Monica, and Pierre d' Ailly. "Evidences, doute et tromperie divine : édition critique du Livre I, Question I des Sentences de Pierre d'Ailly." Paris, EPHE, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPHE5015.
Full textThis work presents, on the one hand, a critical edition of the prologue of the Sentences of Pierre d'Ailly (1350-1420) carried out on the collation of the three manuscripts Paris, Mazarine 934, 935; Sorbonne 194. Furthermore, it contains a philosophical interpretation of this text on the subject of degrees of evidence] Pierre d’Ailly attests to the existence of an absolute evidence, namely the evidence of the principle of non-contradiction, the evidence of contingent propositions such as ego cogito, ego vivo, and the existence of a relative evidence (secundum quid), manifest in the case of sensitive knowledge. Evidence is also defined as opposition to error. The main cause of deception is, according to Pierre d'Ailly, God's intervention in the process of our knowledge. To understand the position of Pierre d'Ailly the author undertakes an investigation into the problem of evidence in Duns Scotus, William of Ockham, Crathorn, Walter Chatton, Adam Wodeham, Jean Buridan and Jean Mirecourt. Also under examination here is Pierre d'Auriol's doctrine of intuition of the non-existent object as a source for Pierre d’Ailly's conception of evidentia secundum quid. This study demonstrates that much of the thinking of Pierre d'Ailly is ensured by arguments copied verbatim from Jean Mirecourt, and his plagiarism is classified into three categories: plagiarism of expression, polemical plagiarism and plagiarism simpliciter
Labban, Rima. "Les figures mythiques dans la culture arabo-islamique médiévale : l'exemple des "Mille et Une nuits"." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040058.
Full textThe study of the mythical figures of king Salomon and the calife Haroun al-Rachid in the Arab-Islamic medieval culture, through The Thousand and One Nights, amounts, firstly, to questioning the making and animation of the imaginary representations in a society governed by religious interdictions to express its deepest desires. It consists, secondly, on examining the mechanisms and the mode of productions of the fancy, its instruments, and, the moments and places of its irruption. The study of these two figures is then situated at the center of the medieval fancy and at the same time at the intersection of the historical, political and social domains. To understand how a historical personality transforms into a politico-heroic myth, in other words, to answer the question of how figures become mythical, one should, at the same time, call upon the historical method and the literary analysis, from a narrative and semiotic point of view. The answers to these interrogations should lead to a definition of the mythical figure in the medieval Arab-Islamic culture and to a definition of the status of the tale in this culture
Tarlazzi, Caterina. "Le deuxième réalisme du XIIe siècle : Gauthier de Mortagne et la théorie de l’indiuiduum." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040094.
Full textThis research project has two main objectives. First, its aim is to study a realist solution to the problem of universals from the early 12th century. This is called the indiuiduum-theory (=IndT; previous denominations include: indifference-theory, status-theory, second collectio-theory, etc.). IndT claims the universal to be a thing (res); in fact, it claims the universal to be the individual thing itself in one of its states (status). It makes use of some key notions of Abelard’s philosophy to produce a remarkably non-Abelardian sort of solution. The thesis subjects IndT to scrutiny by taking into consideration five main sources (which either describe IndT in order to criticise it, or in order to support it): Abelard’s Logica ‘Ingredientibus’, Logica ‘Nostrorum’, ‘De generibus et speciebus’ (transcribed directly from ms. Orléans, BM, 266, pp. 154b-163a), ‘Quoniam de generali’ and the Isagoge Commentary ‘P17’ (from ms. Paris, BnF, lat. 3237, ff. 123ra–124va, 125ra–130rb). Not only IndT, but the whole description of realism found in these texts is investigated. This includes an analysis of other realist views (different versions of material essence realism; the collectio-theory; a third realist solution in the Logica ‘Nostrorum’) together with a catalogue and detailed analysis of the 78 arguments presented against such realist views to be found in the five sources. A second aim of this work is to investigate whether IndT can be attributed to Walter of Mortagne, who was a master in Reims and Laon in the first decades of the 12th century. The attribution, which is based on John of Salisbury’s testimony in Metalogicon II, 17, is to be compared with John’s Policraticus
Darbin, Ramona. "L'architecture dans les miniatures des manuscrits persans (du XIVème jusqu'à la fin du XVIème siècle)." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010599.
Full textThe sizes' process revealed us the steady and sober using of geometry compass drawing on the frame of architecturein persian miniature. This geometry is sober but it establishes significant points and main lines of architecture and it sets the stability, the harmony and the express beauty. The artist executes with an absolute severity the marvellous sizes of actual arhitecture and prescribes them to the muslim manuscripts for long years
Wéber, Édouard-Henri. "Les problèmes d'anthropologie dans l'Université de Paris durant la seconde moitié du treizième siècle." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100055.
Full textThe philosophical anthropology developed by the Parisian masters' of the end of the 13th century remains, since s. Augustin, holding away by the traditional dualism. The present study, by clearing up the debate of 1277, brings out the three answers till put forward concerning the intern unity of the human subject and of its intellective animation the answer of the first Siger of Brabant is developing of the Averroes' thesis about the only intellect for all human beings. Henry of Ghent’s answer is centered on the duality of the corporeal form and of the spiritual one characterized by the supremacy of the will on the intellect. The third answer which was not studied indeed because of the permanent dualism till Descartes and later, is from Thomas of Aquinas. He established, which a close reasoning an at the end of a long evolution, the unity of man and, by the fact, he constituted a new anthropology. This new anthropology is a result of the substitution of the soul and body (as a binomial antinomy) for a trinomial founded on the best greco-arabian noetical re-interpretation (above all the Averroes’ one): 1. The receptive intellect or "possible", which is the only live-giving principle or rational soul in its essence; 2. The intelligible as a principle of ontological actuation of the "possible" intellect; 3. The corporeal condition which, being in act, possesses its own intelligibility
Di, Martino Carla. ""Ratio particularis". Immaginazione, cogitativa ed estimativa da Ibn Sînâ a Tommaso d'Aquino : Contributo allo studio della tradizione arabo-latina della psicologia di Aristotele." Paris, EPHE, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EPHE5015.
Full textThrough an aware methodological choice, this study has been organized following two different ways: the first one deals with the history of texts, and it studies the Arabic and Latin tradition of Aristotle’s psychological works, i. E. “De Anima” and “Parva Naturalia” ; the second way deals with a doctrinal history and it studies how these works were interpreted and both the direct (exegesis) and indirect (psychological traits) reactions to the doctrines that were in these works. The precise awareness of the influence of the Arabic psychological science, especially Ibn Sînâ / Avicenna and Ibn Rushd / Averroes, to the themes of the Latin psychological tradition, originally Augustinian, and also of the integration of the three traditions, i. E. The Augustinian one, the Arabic ones and that of Aristotle, in the Albert and Aquina’s works, which are two excellent representatives of the Latin philosophical theories of the 13th century, is the first important result of this work. The historical and doctrinal framing of very important concepts in the arabo-latin lexicon that is “intention”, memory, Spiritual Form, “reditio”, “ratio particularis” and the study of their integration onto the Latin philosophy is the second result. This study is nothing but a contribution to the study of the arabo-latin tradition of the Aristotle’s psychology. It is the first contribution to a more general picture, to which I hope to keep on contributing with my own studies, to rediscover our medieval origins both Christian, Jewish or Islamic, since the history of thought is above al a human history: we cannot channel it in a fixed route and, least of all, try to stop it
Kuhry, Emmanuelle. "La Compilatio de libris naturalibus Aristotelis et aliorum quorundam philosophorum ou Compendium philosophie : histoire et édition préliminaire partielle d’une compilation philosophique du XIIIe siècle." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0290/document.
Full textProbably written in the middle of the XIIIth century in a universitarian context, the anonymous compilation known as Compendium philosophie or Compilatio de libris naturalibus Aristotelis is an abbreviation of Aristotle’s corpus on nature and is composed of eight books. Few scholars have been interested in this text and the only edition ever made was a partial one, from only one manuscript. This doctoral work shows that the text is preserved in at least 37 manuscripts, and that it was transmitted in four different versions. Furthermore, deep links with the cistercian order have been discovered, as well as university sources for the philosophical parts of the text. Finally, a critical edition of part of the text will be carried out
Ndombe, Diasivi Lopez. "La conception de la justice selon saint Thomas d'Aquin." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040042.
Full textIt has been demonstrated throught our research the problems to find of saint Thomas true originality on the matter of justice. Those problems lay principally in the question of knowing if his doctrine on justice is Christian or profane. By analyzing his Somme theologique, we notice that Aristotle inspired saint Thomas. Because of this influence, we doubt about the Christianity of saint Thomas work on justice. We also have to recognize that saint Thomas has been inspired by saint Paul on the on the matter of the meaning of man. If Aristotle believes in getting to justice with the obedience of the law, saint Thomas is from Aristotle’s point of view. This why we have developed throughout an work an the doctrine of the law, philosophically and theological, but we have found that saint Thomas has formed his doctrine with the help of these two positions
Ozilou, Marc. "La monadologie bonaventurienne." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.paris-sorbonne.fr/theseozilou/theseozilou/html/index-frames.html.
Full textThis thesis describes the bonaventurian doctrine as a monadology. However, the premise of this monadology is not that of an inseparable unity of the monad, as is the case in the leibnizian monadology, but rather a likeness to a three-unity, being the creative Trinity on which the whole of mankind relies, yet each individual may assert in their own way. In this same fashion the framework of that assertion, is not the result of some kind of pre-established harmony, but depends on the hierarchy, which while commanded by the Trinity, itself identifiable as the exemplary model of all mankind and to that given image requires nonetheless, the capable of denial. Moreover, in the light of such sense of between philosophy and theology in the mind of Master Franciscan, by recognising the specificity of the rhetoric and the characterization of his ethic as primary philosophy. For this demonstration, we have made use of the foucaldian archaeology : in part, as a means to question particular interpretations, be they dated contemporary philosophical or theological ; moreover, introducing the monodological speech, which is both central to subject and object as the monads, providing a solution to the archaeological questioning about which the central issues relating to subject, object and speech reappear systematically. Finally, as far as Bonaventure did not write a treaty of monadology and as far as its monadology is only the resultant of its thought and its conditions of exercise, we were brought, according to an end appropriate for the archaeological method, to rewrite this monadology. That is why this thesis is entitled, not saint Bonaventure's monadology, but monadology bonaventurian
Elsakhawi, Ahmed Nabil. "Étude du livre Zāy (Dzêta) de la Métaphysique d'Aristote dans sa version arabe et son commentaire par Averroès." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010543.
Full textAnnotated translation of the arabic version of Aristotle's metaphysics (book z) and of its commentary by Averroès. Research on the terminology of the arabic version and on its commentary. Research on the doctrine of substance in Aristotle's metaphysics (book z) and in its commentary by Averroès. Other issues related to the one on substance are also considered, i. E. Generation, Aristotle's criticism of Plato's theory of ideas and definition
Fiamma, Andrea. "Nicola Cusano a colonia : la dottrina dell'intelletto di nicola cusano nel contesto delle sue possibili fonti albertine e renane." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0077.
Full textIn this research, we present the hypothesis that the Albertist tradition in Cologne played a significant role in how young Cusanus acquired his philosophical education, in the years from 1424 to 1431, and that the mediator was Heymericus de Campo. We claim that some traces of this albertist influence can be seen above all in Cusanus' gnoseological works, particularly in De coniecturis and in the Idiota collection. Contrary to the historiographical perspective that maintained the hypothesis that Cusanus’ neo-Platonism derived from Byzantine thought, we should like to sustain here that it originated in the school of Cologne and Rhenish philosophy. We are further convinced that this methodological approach provides an efficient tool for interpreting and capturing Cusanus’ thought within its contexts, both historical ( from “1430 to 1464”) and geographical (“from Cologne to Rome”). Moreover, finding traces of Albertism in Cusanus’s education and works offers a new key to interpreting and clarifying his relationship with modern philosophy. The Cusanus-Renaissance in the first half of the twentieth century saw in Cusanus the first modern philosopher because, unlike those of the Scholastic tradition, he was thought to have placed human knowledge at the core of his works, thus paving the way for the modern, subjectivist revolution. From this standpoint, Albert the Great and his “school” seem be be forerunners of the modern tradition, so much so that it was described as “Enlightenment in the Middle Ages
Rukriglová, Dita. "Le médecin du corps et de l'âme : Maïmonide, l'aristotélicien juif." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0026.
Full textThe dissertation focuses on two themes of mamonides'philosophy : on the universal law present in every creature and on the aristotelian theory of mean interpreted by the jewish author. The 1st part describes the hierarchic, material and spiritual, structure of the universe according to astronomical and philosophical theories inherited from his greek and arabic predecessors. There than follows analysis of the constitutional elements of the human body and the faculties of the soul. The 2nd part presents the theoretical fundaments of maimonides' medical practice, which is essentially allopathhic. The end of the dissertation concentrates on the application of the medical principles in the ethical field. The notion of the mean is analyzed in its "horizontal" aspect as a necessary condition of human subsequent development
Alcoloumbre, Thierry. ""Psychè" et "Nefesh" : les rapports de la psychologie et de la morale chez Aristote et Mai͏̈monide." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010674.
Full textAristotle has not formed a definite notion of the human person, but has contributed to it's later development by describing what is specific to the human soul, namely the theoretical and practical foncti ons of the intellect. The human self is not only to be found in the actualization of knowledge but also in practical realizations, either artifacts or moral actions, the latter deriving from moral goodness. Happiness, understood as the fulfillment of human finality, will consequently depend on our decision, within the bounds of our nature, but one happens to fail either by misfortune or for lack of a proper direction. Maïmonides applies his peripatetic views to interprete the jewish anthropology; intellect turns to be what bible calls the "image" of good. But Maïmonides gets rid of aristotle on the main points of his theology: intellection leads to the knowledge of god's unity and will, laying the foundations of a theodicy; moral improvement is necessary to the reach of prophecy, which is the very accomplishment of mond; above all, Torah is a revealed law, and the key to moral accomplishment
Ballanfat, Marc. "Le problème de la perception dans le Nyaya, en particulier à la lumière de la Nyayamanjari." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040408.
Full textThe purpose of my thesis is the study of perception as it is defined and explained in a school of Indian philosophy, Nyaya, and particularly through one of its most lucid representative, Jayanta Bhatta who wrote the Nyayamanjari in the 9th a. D. The general introduction gives me the opportunity to ask the following question: is it possible to establish a chronological relation between Jayanta and other authors of Nyaya? And to answer by saying that the scrutiny of the texts doesn't by any way lead to a reply. Then, i deal with the examination of some of the fundamental concepts that Nyaya brings in to define and describe perception, in order to give them a meaning not only in the polemics with their buddhist adversaries but also inside the thought of Jayanta: the fact that perception cannot be named (avyapadesya); the fact that a determinate perception is valid (savikalpakapratyaksa); the proof of the existence of a non determinate perception (nirvikalpakapratyaksa); the nature of its object. The main part of my work lies in the translation and commentary of the chapter that is devoted by Jayanta to perception. What distinguishes it is its unity. Thus jayanta makes a point of bringing into his solutions a logical consistency, for example by supplying one word in the definition of perception to refute an objection. In this chapter it is more a free composition than a commentary. Which gives a glance to its particular and remarkable meaning in Nyaya. So a philosophical text has to be stressed where otherwise unknown authors are fully quoted as Acarya and Vyakhytr
Bétemps, Isabelle. "Imaginaire et savoir dans l'œuvre de Guillaume de Machaut." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040021.
Full textThis dissertation is a synchronic literary study of the narratives and lyrical poetry of guillaume de machaut. It aims at giving an account of the poet's imagination connected to different forms of knowledge. This work which falls into three parts : - 'the mirror of the world', 'splinted mirror, splinters of mirror', 'the observatory', offers a route. In the first part we show that machaut expresses the relationship of man to the world by resorting to the sciences of the quadrivium ; with the use of natural metaphores drawn from the different kingdoms - the animal, the vegetable and the mineral. In the second part we notice that the 'mirror of the world', tormented by the ambiguity and the instability of signs, undergoes a crisis and goes to pieces. In the third part we suggest substituting to the 'mirror' 'the observatory' that leads the poet to open his mind to the world so as to observe its phenomena and its motion. Machaut's poetry frees itself from the symbolic codes into a phenomenology
Cseke, Akos. "Etre capable de Dieu : le concept de l'imitation chez Bonaventure et Thomas d'Aquin." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040043.
Full textWhich are the real capacities of man? What is the happiness that he deserves? These are the main questions that this paper tries to work out by the lecture of the philosophical texts of Bonaventure and Thomas Aquinas. The starting point is an expression of Augustine which determines man, the image of God by the fact that he is “capable of God”, and the aim of this paper is to show that philosophy for these two authors of the 13th century means a kind of spiritual exercise, that is a preparation for a life which contains however not only that which is possible for man, but also the divine impossibility. Man is essentially capable of God and medieval theory of the imitation of Christ can be considered as a way of living which offers various “techniques of the self” in order to invite man to become capable of what one calls God
Tisserand, Axel. "Logique et théologique dans les traités théologiques de Boèce." Paris, EPHE, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EPHE5010.
Full textKaddour, Karim. "Traduction commentée du Grand commentaire d' Averroès aux livres petit Alpha, grand Alpha, Gamma et Epsilon de la Métaphysique d' Aristote." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H233/document.
Full textThe object of this present work is a commented translation of Averroes’ Great commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics from the Arabic text prepared by father Maurice Bouyges. This translation mainly concerns the books Alpha, little Alpha, Gamma and Epsilon. This work is a part of our interest in the transmission of the Greek knowledge among Muslim authors of the Middle Age, and particularly the restitution of the metaphysical thought of Aristotle in Averroes.Through this translation, the stakes are multiples: translating the Arabic text of the Metaphysics with what it contains and what it excludes in order to determine the nature of the Arabic text commented by Averroes and to see if there is a real correspondence with the text we know of Aristotle. In addition, allowing the Hellenists to access the text that has served as a support for all Muslim metaphysics, including that of al-kindi, al-Fârâbî and Avicenne, as it the same text that was used by the latter, while each author has interpreted the doctrinal content of this treatise differently. And finally, following step by step the commentary of Averroes to determine if the latter remains faithful to Aristotle by interpreting it without any external consideration, or if its interpretation deviates voluntarily, joining the circle of most of Neo-Platonist philosophers.Somme research results are exposed at the end of the translation. They mainly concern the different variants that the text raises. First, a primary study devoted to examine the structure and content of the entire Aristotle treaty in its Arabic version. Then, a second study devoted to examine all the corruptions relative to the four translated books and their consequences to the doctrinal unity of Aristotle’s thought. And finally, a third study in which are examined the various translation errors and their consequences on the commentary of Averroes
Costa, Iacopo. "Il commento di Radulfo Brito all’"Etica Nicomachea" : Edizione critica del testo con uno studio critico, storico e dottrinale." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040056.
Full textThis PhD thesis consists in the critical edition of the commentary on the Nicomachean Ethics written by Radulphus Brito (ca. 1295). The critical text is preceded by a critical, historical and doctrinal study, where I examine some philological problems of the transmission of the text, the problem of its authorship, and the doctrines of the text. The text, whose transmission is characterized by fragmentary and reshaped witnesses, seems to represent an important stage of the latin reception of the Nicomachean Ethics at the end of the XIIIth century: his author, Radulphus Brito, a master of arts at the University of Paris at the end of the XIIIth century and at the beginning of the XIVth, deals with the most important moral problems of his age, in the context of the contemporary theological and philosophical debate
Carroy, Bertrand. "La génération naturelle chez Thomas d’Aquin." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040156.
Full textThe generation of the body is a basic concept for anyone studying nature. Pervasive since the beginning of Greek philosophy, Christian thought introduced it and gave it a double destiny : on the one hand it seems to be overshadowed for the benefit of the Creation’s notion ; on the other hand it is transformed in the theological discourse to express the Trinitarian relation of the Father and the Son. The goal of this study is to show how Thomas Aquinas, great witness and actor of the thirteenth century and actor in Aristotelian theoria’s reception in the theological discourse, understands and uses the concept of natural generation. By the precise study of the central philosophical topic and by its theological application, clearly appears Thomas’ project of unifying faith and reason. Means used in this study are a thorough text inventory and the ordering of the great motions composing his thought on natural generation : its principles, specificity and divisions (elements, inanimate corps, vegetables, animals), human generation’s case. These motions bring together some of the crucial medieval questions, particularly those of the eternity of the world and the plurality of the forms. Thomas Aquinas shows, through a reasoned used of Aristotle’s corpus by giving intelligibility to the nature and Revelation which is manifested through it, both an absolute respect for Holy Scripture and a fine intellectual daring
Aballagh, Mohamed. ""Raf al-hijab" d'Ibn al-Banna : édition critique, traduction, étude philosophique et analyse mathématique." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010564.
Full textCrialesi, Clelia Vittoria. "L’aritmetismo teologico dei secoli X e XI : Abbone di Fleury e l’Explanatio in Calculo Victorii." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEP002.
Full textThis thesis deals with the arithmetical commentary by Abbo of Fleury on the series of multiplication tables ascribed to Victorius of Aquitaine (fl. 450): the Explanatio in Calculo Victorii. My research aims to shed light on the history of medieval Neopythagoreanism between the 10th and 11th centuries, in which Abbo’s work stands as a peculiar testimony of what my work indicates as “theological arithmetism”. The organization of my thesis follows this overall structure. In the first two chapters Abbo’s life and works are presented with a special emphasis on his educational training and learning. Then, the main topics of his “mathematism” are presented, starting with Abbo’s interpretation of the Biblical passage on God who created everything in number, wheight and measure (Wisd. 11, 21), which is discussed at chapter 3, also by illustrating its philosophical background. Then, I present Abbo’s “henology”, namely his consideration of Unity, with regard to both divine and created unity (chapter 4); moving next to his conception of ontological and material compositeness, which Abbo ascribed to creatures (chapter 5) and finally to his arithmetical and computistical knowledge grounded on Boethius’ number theory and his methods of reckoning (chapter 6). To this overall exposition of Abbo’s Neopythagoreanism, it follows a section devoted to Peripatetic approach to the analysis of the natural phenomena (chapter 7). The methodology applied to my research intends to place Abbo’s thought in its cultural context: the renewal of the liberal studies and particularly of the quadrivium, which was stimulated by a progressive rediscovery of Boethius’ De arithmetica together with the introduction of new calculation tools in the Latin West. If this is the general background from which Abbo’s peculiar “Pythagorism” emerges, the philological analysis of his commentary confirms how Fleury was an outstanding centre for high-level mathematical studies. The manuscript tradition of both Abbo’s Explanatio and Victorius’ Calculus, let us envisage two possible paths through which the latter reached Fleury Abbey. A final goal of my work is also to consider Abbo’s commentary within the history of theoretical arithmetics during the first Millennium. Tracking Abbo’s philosophical sources and showing his distinctive comprehension and harmonization of different Platonic accounts, namely those spelt out in Mamertus’ De statu animae, Calcidius’ Commentary on Timaeus, Macrobius’ Commentary on the Dream of Scipio and Saturnalia and Boethius’ De arithmetica and De institutione musica, has been a stimulating research and a confirmation of Abbo’s outstanding role in the not yet sufficiently explored history of high medieval “mathematical” approach to theology and world vision
Sekizawa, Izumi. "Le naturalisme linguistique de Boèce de Dacie : enjeux et discussions." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070061.
Full textBoethius of Dacia is a 13th-century philosopher, known as a modist and "averroist". In this thesis, we intend to give an exact interpretation of the 16th question of his Modi significandi, a philosophico-grammatical text, where the author develops a certain linguistic innateness argument. Some modem scholars consider him, by this innateness argument, as a precursor of Noam Chomsky's nativism. Others believe that such an innateness argument is not theoretically important for his linguistic philosophy. Boethius rather emphasizes the anchoring of language in the structure of things, and for this argument, his position isn't so peculiar at the time. According to our analysis, these are two sides of the same naturalism: everything must be explained by its own nature. From this point of view, Boethius minimizes the role of the human will in the constitution of language and instead of the human will, he introduces, as the foundation of the linguistics, the human nature, which is comparable to the nature of any other animal species. To establish this interpretation of Boethius's theory, we go back to the 12th century and analyze the text of Gundissalinus which gives a horizon for the authors of the 13th century; we compare the theory of Boethius with that of a contemporary Michel de Marbais who emphasizes the role of the will; we also compare it with those of Siger of Brabant or anonymous authors, in reading manuscripts. The majority denies the position of Boethius of Dacia and chooses to renew more traditional positions. Boethius is not a precursor of Chomsky, but a very particular author at that time by his two sided linguistic naturalism.
Teleanu, Constantin. "Art du Signe. La réfutation des Averroïstes de Paris chez Raymond Lulle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040200.
Full textThis investigation seeks to understand what philosophical spring begins the last phase of Ramon Lull’s incursion in the Faculties of Paris to discuss against the faction of the philosophers supposed be called catholic Averroists. The system of the Art of Ramon Lull knows a prodigious polemical dimension, because it resounds finally in the loud echoes of Ramon Lull’s confrontation with the Averroists encountered in the Faculties of Paris, but its could be reestablished by means of treaties drafted between November 1309-September 1311, few years before the decline of his prolific spirit. It is about the refutation of the errors attributed by Lull to the philosophers of Paris that are called catholic Averroists only in December 1310 after an intrepid quest of the epithet of the philosophers of Paris by which Lull apostrophe out well their errors itemized in various lists. The contact of Lull with many scholars of the Faculties of Paris often arouses the doctrinal controversy without compromising any attempt of dialogue. Therefore, Lull bequeathed in the historiography of the Lullism or the Averroism a singular fresco of what the philosophy becomes in the Faculties of Paris at the beginning of the XIVth Century, even if he defends the true philosophy of any averroist skid. He renews the refutation of Averroists of Paris, because it does not derive of either censures or authorities of positive theology, but of the dialectical tools of its Art of necessary reasons
Augusto, Luis M. "Idéalisme médiéval : l'idéalisme épistémologique des XIIIe et XIVe siècles." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040048.
Full textAgainst a long established opinion in the history of Western philosophy, I show both that there indeed was idealism in the 13th and 14th centuries (an epistemological idealism, in this case) and that it was a specifically medieval form of the stance. Dietrich of Freiberg and Eckhart of Hochheim used the most fundamental concepts of scholastic thought to elaborate epistemological doctrines that are idealist through and through: the act of knowing “gives” both the essence and the existence to things and this act of constitution of the object of knowledge is the very act of self-constitution of consciousness. They thus grounded the whole of reality on the intellect, the subject, and reason, and consequently reclaim a place among those philosophers uncontroversially seen as idealists