Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Philosophie – Québec (Province)'
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Létourneau, Marie-Claude. "Penser l'espace en philosophie de l’éducation : l'exemple de l'architecture scolaire." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69509.
Full textSchool architecture in Quebec is a soaring field: several recent researches and large governmental budgets can confirm it. Unfortunately, the major philosophical reflection needed about space and education still remain to be constituted. This, considering its possible societal, cultural, social and ethical impacts. My purpose is to document the subject in a philosophical way, with the intention of precising which elements have to be considered in order to think about school architecture. To do so, I analyze some governmental rules such as professional competencies, teachers’ obligations and school missions. To structure this huge subject, still “skeletal”, I chose to organize my work with four levels of space (and another type of space). The first level, designed space, has a hermeneutical function: school space must include significant elements and be designed “logogenically”. This level of space also includes ethical obligations: environmental concerns engage us to create sustainable spaces, which are built with a situated architecture, protecting sites and ecumene. Vernacular architecture, which involves dwellers in the creation process, allows a knotworking collaboration that is essential between the architect and all the actors (teachers, students, families, community, etc.). This close relation leads to consider the architect as a pedagogue, and to give him some responsibilities related to the targeted professional competencies (cultural and ethical). The second level, represented space, is about construction of a topogenesis, which uses body, but also an occidental representation of space sadly generalized. This phenomenon requires decentration to “apprehend” school space, liberating it with language and game. With this, I dare to propose a sort of “pedagogical nomadism”, that is to say more informal and dynamic practices. The third level, lived space, uses the bergsonian distinction that opposes the mathematical vision of space to that of a place. I can then consider the qualitative aspect of school as a place, respecting the seven teachers’ obligations and the three missions of Quebec schools. This place, neither completely private, nor completely public, can be seen as a space of socialization. The fourth level, dwelling, is about fundamentally ontological human determinations. This highest level of space is possible using intuition, which creates an immediate relation to space. The esthetical aspect, inspired by Hölderlin, who considers that “man dwells poetically”, leads me to propose school as an artwork, by transposing the four qualities of the musical work, namely beauty, sustainability, teaching and sincerity. The last type of space (vicarial space or nonplace) completes the four precedent levels. It is a partially transversal space, which causes deterritorialization of school. This means that specificities of physical school space, such as critical dimension (which cannot be accomplished by virtual space), have to be recognized.
Elghordaf, Abdelaziz. "La philosophie des sciences des enseignants." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29091.
Full textBoudreault-Fiset, Caroline. "Vaccination et grossesse : analyse des lieux de concordance et de conflit de valeurs éthiques entre la philosophie sage-femme et l'approche de la santé publique au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66319.
Full textAlthough some people may believe so, conceptions of health, illness, and prevention are by no means universal. These conceptions are influenced by the social and cultural context in which they are built. The approaches of medical anthropology are very useful for the analysis of these different conceptions in a given culture. In public health, vaccination is one of the most important intervention. Often criticized,sometimes glorified, this intervention can become a source of important ethical conflicts,especially when it applies to pregnant woman. Since 2007, vaccines can be given to pregnant women and can be recommended, not only by physicians who are involved in maternity care, but also by midwives. With different underlying philosophy of care, health professionals who are involved in maternity care appear to be divided over the importance of vaccination for pregnant women. In this context, the purpose of this research is to analyze the concordance and conflict between ethical values promoted in public health and those underlying the midwifery practice, with regard to vaccination of pregnant women in Quebec. By exploring each of the approaches, this research explores the midwifery approach by collecting testimonials from pregnant women under the care of midwives, to know their personal experience and how they live this type of care. The data presented in this research comes from interviews with midwives and women under their care and an analysis of the Quebec public health discourses on vaccination in pregnancy.
Fleury, Charles. "Génération lyrique et génération X : parcours de jeunesse de deux générations au Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25107/25107.pdf.
Full textDesautels, Luc. "Une approche d'éthique appliquée dans les cours de philosophie éthique au collégial : présence et incidence sur l'intérêt et la réussite des élèves." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/45689.
Full textTremblay, Bruno. "Discipline "Éducation à la citoyenneté" dans le programme de formation de l'école québécoise : une évaluation critique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27488/27488.pdf.
Full textAnctil, Mélanie. "Les nouvelles générations et le sens du travail : les jeunes en quête d'expressivité au travail et d'un plus grand équilibre dans la vie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18713.
Full textParmi les changements de situation que traversent les individus au cours de leur existence, l'insertion professionnelle est sans doute l'une des transitions les plus difficiles et importantes à réaliser. Ce passage vers la vie adulte s'accompagne d'une importante restructuration des valeurs au cours de laquelle les représentations et les aspirations jadis entretenues à l'égard du travail et de la vie hors travail* se voient confrontées à la réalité désormais vécue en emploi. Ces aspirations jouent en outre un important rôle dans la définition des attitudes et des attentes professionnelles, qui à leur tour influencent les satisfactions et frustrations rencontrées au travail. Cela dit, comment et pourquoi les représentations entretenues envers le travail et les valeurs accordées à celui-ci se transforment-elles, et quelles sont les sources de tels changements? Ce mémoire tente d'élucider ces questions en présentant les résultats d'une récente enquête menée auprès de jeunes travailleurs issus de différents secteurs d'activité et actuellement en processus d'insertion. Au total, quatorze entretiens ont été réalisés dans le cadre de cette étude dont l'objectif est précisément de retracer, à l'intérieur de différents parcours biographiques, les changements d'aspirations sur le plan professionnel et l'implication de l'insertion professionnelle dans ce processus.
Gagnon, Mathieu. "Étude sur la transversalité de la pensée critique comme compétence en éducation : entre "science et technologie", histoire et philosophie au secondaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25473/25473_1.pdf.
Full textPoulin, Anick. "La responsabilité humaine en environnement : l'exemple des forêts boréales du Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23596/23596.pdf.
Full textAvellan-Hernandez, Sergio. "Pour une approche communicationnelle en urbanisme : application à la conduite de la conception du projet de design urbain." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25790/25790.pdf.
Full textTapp, Diane. "Intégrer une conception infirmière dans la pratique : entre rapports au savoir, interprétations plurielles et mobilisation créative des acteurs." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25397.
Full textTheory-based practice is abundantly documented in the nursing discipline. However, it benefits from little attention in clinical environments. This situation is often called theory-practice gap. In this regard, several questions arise about the real and lasting impacts of this process for the nurse, her practice, her professional relationships and the healthcare environments. Some doubt the adequacy of the contents of theories, while their defenders criticize the resistance of the educational and clinical environments with respect to these "new practices". We conducted a case-study regarding the construction and evolution of a clinical practice inspired by a particular nursing approach, the Humanbecoming theory (Parse, 1998), in order to determine if the theory-practice gap has its origin in the content of these theories, the process of diffusion or its clinical effects. We carried out our study in a palliative care hospice where the Humanbecoming theory was implemented since 2008. In accordance with official ethical procedures, nurses and various members of this particular hospice participated in individual interviews. We also carried out observations and multiple document analyses (Gagnon, 2005). A field journal was maintained throughout the course of the investigation. The information collected was organized and codified with the help of QDA Miner software (version 4.0.4). At the end of our analysis, we suggest that the teaching and learning of a nursing theory implies a diversity of interpretations. This teaching and this learning also attest to the existence of different relations to knowledge and different practice representations among actors. Finally, we propose that the effects associated with the teaching of such theories result mostly from the creative mobilization of stakeholders around a common goal and not from the teaching itself. Hence, our analysis suggests that nursing theories and conceptual models do not contribute to professional emancipation and intellectual development of nurses, as it is claimed in theoretical discourse. In light of this portrayal, both accurate and independent, of the field and of a nursing theory implementation project we can offer some words of caution with regard to teaching theory-based practice in nursing and palliative care.
Gallant, Guillaume. "Enquête sur les conditions actuelles de l'activité philosophique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29616/29616.pdf.
Full textPernet, Fabien. "La construction de la personne au Nunavik : ontologie, continuité culturelle, et rites de passage." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30323/30323.pdf.
Full textTremblay, Benoit. "Conceptions de l'éducation et de l'être humain d'enseignants et enseignantes du système scolaire québécois." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18682.
Full textL'éducation étant perçue comme une activité qui renvoie à l'apprentissage de la politesse, ils laissent entendre que cette dernière relève d'abord de la famille, des services de garde et de l'enseignement préscolaire. À travers la reconnaissance d'une pluralité d'intentions éducatives, ce n'est que de manière occasionnelle, et le plus souvent après avoir été questionnés en ce sens, qu'ils soulignent l'importance du développement intégral de la personne humaine comme but de l'éducation. À ce titre, il n'émerge guère de leur discours une conception explicite et globale de l'être humain et de son développement qui est pourtant le sujet central de toutes leurs préoccupations et la principale raison d'être de tout système d'éducation.
Gaucher, Charles. ""Ma culture, c'est les mains" : aborder l'expérience de la différence : anthropologie de l'identité sourde au Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25142/25142.pdf.
Full textNoël, Patrick Michel. "Épistémologie, histoire et historiens : considérations conceptuelles, méthodologiques et empiriques autour du discours que les historiens tiennent sur leur savoir." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25426.
Full textIn conjunction with the recent – and not so recent – reflections on the relation between epistemology – understood here in its restricted meaning of philosophy of sciences – and history that focus on the history of epistemology, the epistemology of history, and the place of history in epistemology or historical epistemology, this thesis proposes to examine the place of epistemology in history or historian epistemology, namely the discourse (logos) that historians hold on their knowledge (episteme). Both ignored by proponents of historical epistemology and by philosophers interested in the epistemology of history, historian epistemology is the blind spot of the reflection on the relation between epistemology and history. Two interrelated objectives structure this thesis: enrich the dialectical understanding between epistemology and history – the general objective – by highlighting the discursive relation that historians have with their knowledge, historian epistemology – the particular objective. We do not attempt ourselves to elucidate the nature of history as disciplinary knowledge, but to examine, under the rubric of a meta-epistemology of history, the elucidation of it made alternately by philosophers, but also and mainly by historians through the discourse they hold on their knowledge – their epistemology. Our argument is divided into three parts in order to better define the general and particular objectives above-mentioned. They offer conceptual, methodological and empirical sketches through which, on the one hand, we examine the dialectic between epistemology and history and what we see as its blind spot, the historian epistemology (I) and, on the other hand, we define a methodology (II) to identify, through a documented study anchored in the Quebec disciplinary field of history, the reflexive resources of historians (III). The study of these resources calls into question the traditional caricatured representation of the historian as a hopeless empiricist and, therefore, the highly prevalent conviction that the historian is formed and asserts himself only by the execution of his know-how. We conclude this thesis by highlighting the importance of historian epistemology in disciplinary socialization and the key place its study should have in the historian training that should not be reduced to a learning-on-the-job process.
Ruel, Jacinthe. "Clio dans l'arène publique : usages du passé et références à l'histoire dans les mémoires déposés devant la Commission sur l'avenir politique et constitutionnel du Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17658.
Full textVarin, Héloïse. "L'anormalité foucaldienne et le dépistage prénatal : l'exemple de la trisomie 21 au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26643.
Full textDoran-Plante, Maxime. "Le reboisement au Québec : l'expérience incorporée à travers la discipline, la musique et l'imagination." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23761/23761.pdf.
Full textTremblay-Dorval, Agnès. "Étude des valeurs d'éducation telles que perçues par différentes composantes dans une école privée de la région de Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29365.
Full textMeunier, Danielle. "Questions de modernité et postmodernité dans la sculpture actuelle : un cas : Alomph Abram de David Moore." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33495.
Full textMontréal Trigonix inc. 2018
Richardson, Mary. "Polycultures of the mind : organic farmers in Québec and the recovery of agency." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25408/25408.pdf.
Full textLoiselle, Vincent. "À qui appartient l'or bleu ? La problématique du droit à la propriété de l'eau au Québec et dans le monde." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/25959/25959.pdf.
Full textChabot, Isabelle. "La couverture du « livre vivant » fait-elle son histoire? : Tournez la page pour découvrir l'expérience vécue de « lecteurs » de la Bibliothèque vivante à l'égard des personnes ayant un trouble mental." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29990.
Full textLabelle, Chantal. "Etude historico-critique de l'institutionnalisation de la bioéthique au Québec et en Belgique par une approche contextuelle et transdisciplinaire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209796.
Full textSon émergence dans ces régions est, comme aux États-Unis, influencée par les questions suscitées par l'expérimentation chez l'humain à partir de la fin des années 1970. Dans ces trois régions, les premières formes d'institutionnalisation ont été celles de comités dont le mandat est de réviser les protocoles de recherches impliquant des sujets humains.
Peu de temps après les États-Unis, des centres de recherche universitaires ont été mis en place au Québec à la fin des années 1970 et au début des années 1980. Ces mêmes institutions sont retrouvées en Belgique à la moitié des années 1980. Il apparaît que dans ces trois régions les acteurs alors impliqués sont majoritairement des théologiens. La philosophie de l'époque ne s'intéresse pas aux questions éthiques suscitées par les avancées technoscientifiques du domaine médical.
À la fin des années 1980, davantage d'instruments procéduraux ont été publiés par diverses institutions québécoises afin d'encadrer les pratiques. Parallèlement, des programmes d'étude en bioéthique amènent le domaine à se professionnaliser. La période est marquée en Belgique par le débat entourant l'interruption de grossesse. Il devient évident que d'autres questions éthiques devront être débattues et personne ne souhaite que perdure la tension entre catholiques et laïques. Le colloque la Bioéthique dans les années '90 a permis la rencontre des acteurs dans un climat plus serein.
En 1996, après six ans de discussions, a été mis en place un Comité consultatif de bioéthique en Belgique. Son fonctionnement et la nature de ses avis tiennent compte de la présence de quatre piliers dans la culture belge, soit les Flamands, les Wallons, les catholiques et les laïques. Ce comité est devenu l'institution phare de la bioéthique. Il influence depuis les débats politiques et plusieurs lois du domaine de la bioéthique ont été votées. On remarque que dans les deux régions à l'étude, le langage du droit est de plus en plus présent et rend la bioéthique davantage juridicisée. Ainsi, au départ réflexive, la bioéthique est devenue davantage normative. Tant au Québec qu'en Belgique, les institutions de bioéthique sont de moins en moins un lieu de discussions et de rencontres qui permettent les échanges et la réflexion commune dans la durée.
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Bioethics emerged in the United States in the late 60's. Little research has been done on the institutionalization of bioethics in other countries ;the cases of Quebec and Belgium have been studied in this work, through documentary studies and interviews with twenty players in the domain.
Its emergence in those regions was, like in the United States, influenced by questions raised in the late 70's about the use of human subjects in studies. In Quebec and Belgium, the first forms of institutionalization were ethics committees who were given the mandate to revise experimental protocols.
Following the United States, at the end of the 70's and the beginning of the 80's, research centers were put in place in Quebec. In Belgium, they were set up in the mid 80's. In those three regions, it appears that theologians were the first to be involved. Philosophy, in those days, was not interested with ethical questions raised by medical technoscience advances.
By the end of the 80's, more procedural instruments were published by institutions in Quebec to guide ethic practices. In a parallel direction, universities offered more programs in bioethics and brought the discipline to become professionalized. This period was marked in Belgium by the debate over abortion. It became apparent that other ethical issues would have to be discussed, but nobody wanted to endure the tension between Catholics and Seculars. The conference Bioethics in the 90's brought together the players of the field in a calmer setting.
In 1996, after six years of discussions, the Advisory Committee on Bioethics was set in place in Belgium. Its function and the nature of its views reflect the presence of the four pillars in the Belgian culture :the Flemish, the Walloons, the Catholics and the Seculars. This Committee has become the flagship institution of bioethics. It influences political debates and several laws in the field of bioethics have been passed since its inception. In Quebec and in Belgium, the language of law is becoming more present and makes bioethics more « juridicialized ». Thus, initially more reflexive, bioethics is becoming more normative. In both regions, bioethical institutions are less and less an arena of discourse where meetings permit long exchanges and philosophical reflection.
Doctorat en Philosophie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Hervé, Caroline. ""On ne fait que s'entraider" : dynamique des relations de pouvoir et construction de la figure du leader chez les Inuit du Nunavik (XXe siècle-2011)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30423/30423.pdf.
Full textThis dissertation describes power relationships among the Nunavik Inuit by addressing two interrelated themes. On the one hand, the nature of power and the role of authority figures are analyzed. On the other, the concept of leader is deconstructed by showing its endogenous nature and the way it is appropriated by Inuit. Through reflexive fieldwork, this research points to a high prevalence of cooperation practices among the Nunavik Inuit. These practices, which are structured by power relationships and various inequalities, cover a wide range of social and material goods and go far beyond food sharing and equipment lending. Such pooling of resources is driven by authority figures who possess what others lack and, as such, are obliged to give back and share their wealth. In line with previous research on egalitarian groups and stateless societies, this research shows that Inuit individuals gain power through exogenous factors, i.e., what others within the group think of them, and not through endogenous ones, i.e., their personal ambitions. In other words, a group creates its leader by deciding to follow him or her. This finding sheds new light on the history of Inuit and Qallunaat relations during the 20th century. Each Inuit group continually exerted pressure to control authority figures, and this pressure extended to missionaries and traders as well. Despite efforts to impose their own power structures by creating new positions of authority in the Arctic, missionaries and traders were nevertheless considered to be wealthy people who had an obligation to share. Governments likewise felt the same pressures, which in time subverted their paternalistic policies. The same applies today to the Nunavik regional government, which recognizes this reality and is seeking to develop a very advanced form of participatory democracy. Keywords: Inuit, Nunavik, Canada, political anthropology, cooperation, power, government, governance, reflexive anthropology.
Camelo, Suarez Constanza. "On exhibe, on s'exhibe." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1997. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=734140211&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textMartel, Julie. "Idéaux androgynes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24513/24513.pdf.
Full textLangis, Georges. "Une critique normative de l'éducation scolaire québécoise au regard de la théorie politique de John Rawls." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/22291/22291.pdf.
Full textBerger, François. "Le processus de stylisation : le cas de l'illustration éditoriale." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69381.
Full textBouchard, Chantal. "L’éducation idéale et le système-modèle." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26493.
Full textReforms of the System of Education have been the concrete and the ultimate way to adapt and to improve regarding the actual challenges of our societies. Obviously, those adaptations do not satisfy neither all the partners, nor all the actors and users. This research examines the oppositions and the concerns that emerge from this situation, looking at the discourse of the actors to understand the systems of ideas that are driving and orienting the milieu : students, teachers, administrators and employers. According to the functionally differentiated systems, the aggregation of ideas plays a role. These symbolic structures participate in the determination of a system. Education System is facing this conjuncture and its capacity to determine itself is the main core of the thesis. How Education System manages social, economic and politic stakes ? Into complex societies like ours, what conception of Education coexists ? Is the human ideal still considered as a finality of Education?
Liu, Shiqi. "L'expérience de la fragilité et de l'instabilité de la relation interpersonnelle en performance." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29462.
Full textGrégoire, Marie Annik 1971. "Liberté, responsabilité et utilité : la bonne foi comme instrument de justice contractuelle." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115645.
Full textAs part of this study, we identify certain principles that are fundamental in the theory of contract: notably, commutative justice, contract commutability, subjective rights and legitimate interests. We establish the relationship between each of these basic concepts to conclude that to be consistent with the principles of commutative justice, contract commutability shall not be based on a monetary equivalent of benefits but on the respect of a standard based on peaceful coexistence of rights and interests. It consists therefore of a normalization of contractual relations which ceases to be purely subjective. This finding leads to several inferences: the addition of the circumstances of the execution and termination of the contract, rather than simply its creation, to the possibilities of judicial review, a better legitimization of such review and the recognition of the principle of good faith as a privileged instrument for a fairer contractual commutability. Moreover, the last part of our thesis is devoted to examining judicial practice interventions based on good faith in order to illustrate the principles expressed in the study.
Pigeon, Michel, and Michel Pigeon. "Représentations et raisons d'action d'anciens responsables politiques concernant les changements climatiques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28032.
Full textLes grands défis environnementaux, particulièrement celui des changements climatiques, sont beaucoup plus sociaux que techniques, car c’est principalement notre mode de vie qui est en cause. Pouvons-nous effectuer les changements qui s’imposent ? Quelles sont les principales difficultés à vaincre ? Comment les gouvernements doivent-ils agir ? Pour contribuer à répondre à ces questions, nous avons choisi d’interviewer douze anciens ministres responsables des questions environnementales afin de comprendre les raisons de leur action, ainsi que les représentations qui les sous-tendent. Tant en France qu’au Québec, un ministre doit prendre en compte autant les perceptions et les représentations des citoyens que celles des différents groupes avec lesquels il est en contact (groupes de pression, lobbies, médias, élus locaux, etc.), de même que les objectifs du gouvernement et de son parti politique. Sa marge de manoeuvre est étroite, ce qui explique en bonne partie pouquoi les ministres que nous avons interrogés ont tous agi un peu de la même manière. Ils ont tous tenté de faire au mieux pour la protection de l’environnement et le bien-être de leurs concitoyens, mais sans trop bousculer leur mode de vie ni l’ordre établi, tout en étant généralement très conscients que les défis à relever vont demander très bientôt des décisions beaucoup plus difficiles. La sociologie politique explique que les décisions politiques dans nos sociétés démocratiques sont des constructions collectives d’acteurs en interaction, et confirme donc globalement les résultats de notre analyse. Les actions politiques des anciens ministres peuvent également être interprétés à la lumière des trois logiques de l’action décrites par François Dubet. Par ailleurs, dans une vision interactionniste, où la signification des objets est créée par l’interaction, l’action est difficile lorsque cette signification n’est pas la même pour les différents acteurs, et c’est ce que nos avons constaté pour les enjeux environnementaux à long terme qui sont perçus très différemment par les citoyens et les ministres.
The most important environmental challenges, particularly climate change, are much more social than technical, because it is mainly our way of life that is at the heart of the question. Can we make the necessary changes? What are the main difficulties to overcome? How should governments act? To help answer these questions, we chose to interview twelve former ministers responsible for environmental issues in order to understand the reasons for their actions, as well as the representations that underlie them. In both France and Quebec, a minister must take into account the perceptions and representations of citizens and those of the various groups with which he or she is in contact (lobby groups, media, local elected representatives, etc.), as well as the objectives of the government and those of his or her political party. The room for maneuver is narrow, which explains in large part why the ministers we interviewed all acted a little in the same way. They have all tried to do their best to protect the environment and the welfare of their fellow citizens, but without significantly affecting their way of life or the established order, while being generally aware that the challenges ahead will very soon require much more difficult decisions. Political sociology explains that political decisions in our democratic societies are collective constructions of actors in interaction, and thus confirms the results of our analysis. The political actions of former ministers can also be interpreted in the light of the three logics of action described by François Dubet. Moreover, from an interactionist point of view, where the meaning of objects is created by interaction, action is difficult when this meaning is not the same for different actors; this is what we have observed for long-term environmental issues that are perceived very differently by citizens and ministers.
The most important environmental challenges, particularly climate change, are much more social than technical, because it is mainly our way of life that is at the heart of the question. Can we make the necessary changes? What are the main difficulties to overcome? How should governments act? To help answer these questions, we chose to interview twelve former ministers responsible for environmental issues in order to understand the reasons for their actions, as well as the representations that underlie them. In both France and Quebec, a minister must take into account the perceptions and representations of citizens and those of the various groups with which he or she is in contact (lobby groups, media, local elected representatives, etc.), as well as the objectives of the government and those of his or her political party. The room for maneuver is narrow, which explains in large part why the ministers we interviewed all acted a little in the same way. They have all tried to do their best to protect the environment and the welfare of their fellow citizens, but without significantly affecting their way of life or the established order, while being generally aware that the challenges ahead will very soon require much more difficult decisions. Political sociology explains that political decisions in our democratic societies are collective constructions of actors in interaction, and thus confirms the results of our analysis. The political actions of former ministers can also be interpreted in the light of the three logics of action described by François Dubet. Moreover, from an interactionist point of view, where the meaning of objects is created by interaction, action is difficult when this meaning is not the same for different actors; this is what we have observed for long-term environmental issues that are perceived very differently by citizens and ministers.
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