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Journal articles on the topic 'Philosophy and methodology of philosophy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Peña‐Guzmán, David M., and Rebekah Spera. "The Philosophical Personality." Hypatia 32, no. 4 (2017): 911–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hypa.12355.

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The authors adopt a critico‐sociological methodology to investigate the current state of the philosophical profession. According to them, the question concerning the status of philosophy (“What is philosophy?”) cannot be answered from within the precinct of philosophical reason alone, since philosophy—understood primarily as a profession—is marked by a constitutive type of self‐ignorance that prevents it from reflecting upon its own sociological conditions of actuality. This ignorance, which is both cause and effect of the organization and investment of philosophical desire, causes philosophers to lose themselves in an ideological myth (“the philosopher as idea(l)”) according to which philosophers are unaffected by the material conditions in which they exist. This myth prevents philosophers from noticing the extent to which their activity is influenced by extra‐philosophical determinants that shape, empirically, who becomes a professional philosopher (“the philosopher as imago”) and who doesn't. This article explores the relationship between philosophy's “idea(l)” and its “imago” as a way of shedding light on some of the mechanisms that make philosophy inhospitable for so many women, people of color, and economic minorities.

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2

ROSENAU, PAULINE M. "Philosophy, Methodology, and Research." Comparative Political Studies 20, no. 4 (January 1988): 423–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414088020004002.

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3

Campbell, Lloyd P. "Philosophy = Methodology = Motivation = Learning." Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas 64, no. 1 (October 1990): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00098655.1990.9955796.

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4

Bryson, Anthony, and David Alexander. "The View from the Armchair." Essays in Philosophy 13, no. 1 (2012): 162–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eip201213110.

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In the last two decades, the greatest threat to armchair philosophy has been the natural kinds approach. On this view, philosophic theorizing should not be obsessed with the ideas of justice, goodness, and truth but should look outward to the world of objects to find these things. And if these things happen to be natural kinds, like kinds of rock or fish for instance, then clearly we should reject the armchair for the lab. The philosopher should leave the office and join the scientist out in the field. Philosophy should become a species of science. We attempt to defend traditional/armchair philosophy by examining Hilary Kornblith’s naturalistic methodological approach to epistemology. Among other things, we argue that Kornblith’s approach leads to some surprising, undesirable results (at least undesirable to the naturalist), one of which is that Kornblith cannot discount epistemic internalism as a viable contender in the search for the nature of knowledge. His methodology actually requires that we take epistemic internalism seriously.

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Maftouni, Nadia. "Methodology of Farabian Political Philosophy." History of Philosophy 24, no. 2 (2019): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2074-5869-2019-24-2-31-38.

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6

CARR, WILFRED. "Philosophy, Methodology and Action Research." Journal of Philosophy of Education 40, no. 4 (November 2006): 421–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9752.2006.00517.x.

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7

Parton, Kevin A. "Research Methodology: Philosophy and Practice." Agricultural Economics 2, no. 3 (November 1988): 288–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.1988.tb00059.x.

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8

Bahm, Archie J. "Methodology for Considering World Philosophy." Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association 67, no. 6 (June 1994): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3130542.

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9

Januszewski, Alan, Randall Nichols, and Andrew R. J. Yeaman. "Philosophy, methodology, and research ethics." TechTrends 45, no. 1 (January 2001): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02763371.

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Yeaman, Andrew R. J. "Philosophy, methodology, and research ethics." TechTrends 45, no. 2 (March 2001): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02763485.

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11

Fuchs, Yuval. "Philosophy of Methodology in Heidegger'sDie Idee Der Philosophie Und Das Weltanschauungsproblem(1919)." Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology 25, no. 3 (January 1994): 229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00071773.1994.11007071.

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12

Williamson, Timothy. "Armchair Philosophy." Epistemology & Philosophy of Science 56, no. 2 (2019): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps201956223.

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The article presents an anti-exceptionalist view of philosophical methodology, on which it is much closer to the methodology of other disciplines than many philosophers like to think. Like mathematics, it is a science, but not a natural science. Its methods are notprimarily experimental, though it can draw on the results of natural science. Likefoundational mathematics, its methods are abductive as well as deductive. As in the natural sciences, much progress in philosophy consists in the construction of better models rather than in the discovery of new laws. We should not worry about whether philosophy is a priori or a posteriori, because the distinction is epistemologically superficial.

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13

Hallen, Barry. "Indeterminancy, Ethnophilosophy, Linguistic Philosophy, African Philosophy." Philosophy 70, no. 273 (July 1995): 377–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819100065578.

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This is a paper about philosophical methodology or, better, methodologies. Most of the material that has been published to date under the rubric of African philosophy has been methodological in character. One reason for this is the conflicts that sometimes arise when philosophers in Africa attempt to reconcile their relationships with both academic philosophy and so-called African '‘traditional’ systems of thought. A further complication is that the studies of traditional African thought systems that become involved in these conflicts are themselves products of academia– of disciplinary methodologies.

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14

Nickolsky, Sergey A. "The Artistic Philosophy. On the Methodology of Research of Artistic Philosophy." Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences 63, no. 3 (July 10, 2020): 24–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30727/0235-1188-2020-63-3-24-55.

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15

Pollock, D. S. G., and Daniel M. Hausman. "Essays on Philosophy and Economic Methodology." Economic Journal 104, no. 424 (May 1994): 708. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2234659.

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16

Alansari, Esam. "Philosophy and Methodology of Developing Nanocomposite." IJIREEICE 4, no. 4 (April 15, 2016): 338–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17148/ijireeice.2016.4485.

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17

LIU, ChenLi, BingZhao ZHANG, and WangSheng LAI. "Methodology and Philosophy of Synthetic Biology." SCIENTIA SINICA Vitae 45, no. 10 (October 1, 2015): 909–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/n052015-00045.

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18

Hirsch, A. "Essays on Philosophy and Economic Methodology." History of Political Economy 26, no. 2 (June 1, 1994): 339–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182702-26-2-339.

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19

Bridges, David, and Richard Smith. "Philosophy, Methodology and Educational Research: Introduction." Journal of Philosophy of Education 40, no. 2 (May 2006): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9752.2006.00512.x.

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20

Devitt, Michael. "Methodology in the Philosophy of Linguistics." Australasian Journal of Philosophy 86, no. 4 (November 17, 2008): 671–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048400802340691.

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21

Gordon, Wendell. "Essays on Philosophy and Economic Methodology." Journal of Economic Issues 27, no. 4 (December 1993): 1311–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00213624.1993.11505511.

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22

Carson, E. R., and R. L. Flood. "Model validation: philosophy, methodology and examples." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 12, no. 4 (October 1990): 178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014233129001200404.

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23

Xiang, Xuehua. "Contrastive linguistics: history, philosophy and methodology." International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 12, no. 3 (May 2009): 341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13670050802149374.

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24

Shapiro, Alan. "Newton's "Experimental Philosophy"." Early Science and Medicine 9, no. 3 (2004): 185–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573382042176254.

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AbstractNewton abjured using the term "experimental philosophy," widely used in Restoration England at the start of his career, until 1712 when he added a passage to the General Scholium of the Principia that briefly expounded his anti-hypothetical methodology. Drafts for query 23 of the second edition of the Opticks (1706) (which became query 31 in the third edition), however, show that he had intended to introduce the term to explain his methodology earlier. Newton introduced the term for polemical purposes to defend his theory of gravity against the criticisms of Cartesians and Leibnizians but, especially in the Principia, against Leibniz himself. "Experimental philosophy" has little directly to do with experiment, but rather more broadly designates empirical science. Newton's manuscripts provide insight into his use of "experimental philosophy" and the formulation of his methodology, especially such key terms as "deduce," "induction," and "phenomena," in the early eighteenth century.

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25

Lim HeonGyu. "The education of classical philosophy & ideas and methodology of confucian philosophy." JOURNAL OF KOREAN PHILOSOPHICAL HISTORY ll, no. 27 (September 2009): 363–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35504/kph.2009..27.013.

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26

Duffy, Simon. "The Difference Between Science and Philosophy: the Spinoza-Boyle Controversy Revisited." Paragraph 29, no. 2 (July 2006): 115–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/prg.2006.0012.

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This article examines the seventeenth-century debate between the Dutch philosopher Benedict de Spinoza and the British scientist Robert Boyle, with a view to explicating what the twentieth-century French philosopher Gilles Deleuze considers to be the difference between science and philosophy. The two main themes that are usually drawn from the correspondence of Boyle and Spinoza, and used to polarize the exchange, are the different views on scientific methodology and on the nature of matter that are attributed to each correspondent. Commentators have tended to focus on one or the other of these themes in order to champion either Boyle or Spinoza in their assessment of the exchange. This paper draws upon the resources made available by Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari in their major work What is Philosophy?, in order to offer a more balanced account of the exchange, which in its turn contributes to our understanding of Deleuze and Guattari's conception of the difference between science and philosophy.

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27

Parmeggiani, Giovanni. "Thucydides on Aetiology and Methodology and Some Links with the Philosophy of Heraclitus." Mnemosyne 71, no. 2 (February 20, 2018): 229–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568525x-12342261.

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AbstractAn analysis of Thucydides’ most famous statements on the origins of the war between Athens and Sparta (1.23.4-6) and on the methodology of research of the facts (1.22.2. Cf. 1.20-21) shows a philosophical approach to history and historical research. A critically assessed comparison with some of Heraclitus of Ephesus’ statements also suggests that Thucydides’ own knowledge of early ancient philosophy helped him to shape his view on fundamental issues of historical research.Thucydides appears to have introduced himself in a similar way as one might expect a philosopher would have done. Besides the rhetoric of self-presentation and self-definition, Thucydides was indeed a philosopher: he conceived his own political science as a hidden sophia which showed the invisible forces that, by reciprocal interaction, shaped historical development.

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28

Marin-Garcia, Juan A., Amable Juarez-Tarraga, and Cristina Santandreu-Mascarell. "Kaizen philosophy." TQM Journal 30, no. 4 (June 11, 2018): 296–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tqm-12-2017-0176.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to perform a context analysis about a specific Kaizen program, suggestion systems in permanent teams, and identified the barriers and facilitators that companies encounter while implementing them from the workers’ perspective. Design/methodology/approach The authors applied an inductive method, the Grounded Theory, to develop a specific context theory using the information that emerged from a convenience sample of 182 workers in several countries. Findings The facilitators and barriers identified for the workers in the field study are aligned with those identified in previous studies, generally obtained using information provided by managers. The methodology enabled us to identify the relationships between them and their level of relevance. Research limitations/implications The main limitations were linked with the source of the data as the authors worked with a convenience sample and only analyzed the information provided by the workers. Practical implications The identified facilitators, their relationships and their relevance, contribute to understand the functioning phenomena of suggestion systems in permanent teams to facilitate organizations using this continuous improvement program more effectively. Originality/value The originality of this study, apart from identifying facilitators from the workers’ perspective, is that the used method enabled us to identify the relationships between them and know how the operators perceived their relevance.

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29

Nikiforov, Alexander L. "Is “Analytic Philosophy” a Philosophy?" Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences 63, no. 8 (December 1, 2020): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30727/0235-1188-2020-63-8-7-21.

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The article discusses the issue of the nature of analytic philosophy. It is shown that in the 1920s–1940s it was a certain philosophical school, whose representatives were united by some initial principles. Analytic philosophers saw the main task of philosophy in the analysis of the language of natural sciences, in establishing logical connections between scientific propositions, in the empirical substantiation of scientific theories and in the elimination of speculative concepts and proposals from the language of science. The tool for such analysis was the mathematical logic created at the beginning of the 20th century by G. Frege, A.N. Whitehead, B. Russell. Another characteristic feature of the analytic tradition was a negative attitude toward philosophical speculation. Adherents of this tradition believed that philosophy does not provide knowledge about the world, therefore, it is not a science. Analytic philosophers have made a significant contribution to the methodology of scientific knowledge, offering an accurate description of the hypothetical-deductive structure of scientific theory, methods of scientific explanation and prediction, verification, confirmation and refutation of scientific statements. In the late 1930s, most of the analytic philosophers emigrated to England and the United States. The analytic movement is gradually losing its integrity and loses the features of a philosophical school. There is a rejection of mathematical logic as the main means of analysis, the connection with the natural sciences has been lost. In the second half of the 20th century, analytic philosophy from a specific philosophical school turns into a certain style of thinking of the philosophers of various philosophical research areas and orientations.

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30

Lamy, Erwan, Yoann Bazin, Laurent Magne, and Baptiste Rappin. "Towards a philosophy of organisation sciences." Society and Business Review 9, no. 2 (July 8, 2014): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbr-12-2013-0091.

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Purpose – This study aims to investigate a declaration of the principles of the Société de Philosophie des Sciences de Gestion/Society for the Philosophy of Organisation sciences (SPSG). Organisation sciences still need to be questioned and rendered more complex, even mistreated, and the concepts they apply have yet to be clarified, mastered and organised to go beyond management ideologies that obscure the project to develop a genuine science, with pseudo-rationalisation replacing real thought. Design/methodology/approach – This task could be accorded to a philosophy of organisation sciences that should be understood as a “philosophy of science of organisation sciences”. Findings – The aim of such a philosophical programme is twofold: to expose the presuppositions and predispositions of organisation scholars and to analyse and clarify their scientific theories and concepts. Originality/value – The ambition of the SPSG is to contribute to the development of that philosophical programme.

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31

Конурбаев, Марклен, Marklen Konurbaev, Салават Конурбаев, and Salavat Konurbaev. "An Essay on the History and Hermeneutics of Naṣīḥat al-Mulūk by Ghazālī, Abu Ḥamid Muḥammad Ibn Muḥammad Al-Tūsī: history and methodology." Servis Plus 8, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/5539.

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A hermeneutic analysis of the Oriental Philosophers’ writings is invariably a matter of great challenge and difficulty. It is always full of allegory and literary divagations which intersperse a smooth flow of argumentation. This paper is written by Marklen Konurbaev, Professor of Literature at Moscow State University and his son, Salavat, a student of Arabic Philosophy. The paper consists of six parts and attempts to reveal the hidden message of a famous extract from the renowned book Ihya Ulum Al Din by a Persian philosopher Ghazālī, Abu Ḥamid Muḥammad Ibn Muḥammad Al-Tūsī, devoted to the analysis of the notion of «fairness» in the doings of a ruler. The hermeneutic analysis was performed based on the methodology propounded by Roland Gérard Barthes — a French literary theorist, philosopher, linguist and critic. This is the first ever attempt to put together the methodological efforts of a Western scholar and profoundly oriental piece of philosophy. Results of the hermeneutic study are stunning and elucidating. The paper could be recommended to the students of literature and philosophy at the universities and colleges.

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32

Kocharyan, Romik. "Philosophy and methodology of definitions of history." WISDOM 11, no. 2 (December 24, 2018): 94–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/wisdom.v11i2.214.

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This article suggests a complex unity of definitions of history which should serve for the elucidation of the essence and true adequacy of the science of history to its design. Our general conception of history is based on the works of Father of Armenian’s History Movses Khorenatsi (5th century). The science of history is interpreted following our conception of “hermeneutics of wisdom” developed on the basis of H.-G. Gadamer’s “philosophical hermeneutics” which specificity I have already explicated as “hermeneutics of truth” in my monograph “Hans-Georg Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics”. In this article, the conceptual and methodological achievements of both these conceptions: “hermeneutics of truth” and – as its perfected implication – “hermeneutics of wisdom”, important for philosophy of history that is understanding of nature of history are used. In formulating definitions of history the author uses the logical-methodological instrument of the prominent Medieval Armenian philosopher David the Invincible (5th – 6th centuries). The definitions of history suggested in this paper are distributed into three main classes: separately by its subject of study, separately by its fulfillment, and jointly – by its subject of study and fulfillment. The formulated set of definitions of history should serve for a deeper understanding of Movses Khorenatsi’s heritage as well as for adequately revealing the truth of “being-of-history as such”.

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33

VORONKOVA, VALENTYNA, and ROMAN OLEKSENKO. "PHILOSOPHY OF PUBLIC GOVERNANCE: SYNERGETIC RESEARCH METHODOLOGY." HUMANITIES STUDIES 5 (82) (2020): 172–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.26661/hst-2020-5-82-13.

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34

Abdrashitova, Irina. "Methodology of philosophy of illustration: historical aspect." Bulletin of PNRPU. Culture. History. Philosophy. Law, no. 4 (2017): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/perm.kipf/2017.4.03.

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35

Algom, Daniel. "To Understand a Cat: Methodology and Philosophy." Philosophical Psychology 22, no. 6 (December 2009): 808–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09515080903432806.

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36

Pluta, Leonard, and Santo Dodaro. "KEYNESIAN METHODOLOGY, SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY AND UTOPIAN CAPITALISM." Humanomics 8, no. 2 (February 1992): 49–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb006129.

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37

Johnson, Clarence Sholé. "Paulin Hountondji, African Philosophy, and Philosophical Methodology." Southern Journal of Philosophy 36, no. 2 (June 1998): 179–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-6962.1998.tb01751.x.

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38

Rosenberg, Alexander. "METHODOLOGY, THEORY AND THE PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE." Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 66, no. 3-4 (July 1985): 377–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0114.1985.tb00260.x.

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39

Edgar, Andrew. "Sport and Philosophy: from Methodology to Ethics." Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 38, no. 1 (May 2011): 132–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00948705.2011.9714555.

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40

Holden, Mary T., and Patrick Lynch. "Choosing the Appropriate Methodology: Understanding Research Philosophy." Marketing Review 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2004): 397–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1362/1469347042772428.

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41

Dharmapala, Dhammika, and Michael McAleer. "Econometric methodology and the philosophy of science." Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 49, no. 1 (January 1996): 9–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3758(95)00028-3.

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42

El-Konyaly, E., A. Montesser, I. El-Dokany, and H. Sorror. "Reduced Order Modeling Philosophy and Methodology.(Dept.E)." MEJ. Mansoura Engineering Journal 6, no. 1 (July 3, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/bfemu.2021.181600.

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43

Han, Sang-ki. "Intuition and the Methodology of Analytic Philosophy." Journal of Korean Philosophical Society 157 (February 28, 2021): 217–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20293/jokps.2021.157.217.

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44

Ilizarov, S. S., and V. A. Kupriyanov. "Timofey Ivanovich Rainoff as a histprian of russian philosophy." Solov’evskie issledovaniya, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2076-9210.2020.2.043-058.

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The essay deals with history of creation of the «Outlines of the history of Russian philosophy of the 50–60s» written by T.I. Rainov (1890–1958), a historian of natural science, literary scholar and a philosopher. The authors show specificity of T.I. Rainov’s methodology both against the background of the historiography of Russian philosophy and in the broader context of the historical-philosophical program proposed by the German classical idealism. It is indicated that the basis of the methodology of historical and philosophical works of the 19th – early 20th centuries, regardless of their national and scholarship, was the approach most clearly expressed in the Hegelian historical and philosophical concept. The essence of this research method involves either the complete elimination of the socio-psychological aspects of the history of thought, or it relates them to secondary, «background» elements of the historical development of philosophy. It is shown that T.I. Rainov’s essays on the history of Russian philosophy represent one of the first attempts to apply the idea of social conditioning of knowledge, anticipating the scientific program of modern sociology of scientific knowledge. It is revealed that the basis of the methodology of T.I. Rainov is the sociological doctrine of E. Durkheim, namely his concept of mechanical and organic solidarity, on the basis of which Rainov examines the social conditions that determined the specificity of the philosophy of the 1850-1860s shown by him. The comparison of Rainov’s interpretation of the philosophy of the period under consideration and similar approaches presented in the famous works of G.G. Shpeta, B.V. Yakovenko, E.L. Radlova and A.I. Vvedensky. An important part of the study is the reconstruction of T.I. Rainov before the revolution of 1917. On the basis of archival sources, the biographical context of the writing of the work is reconstructed and its dating is proposed. The study used the traditional tools of history and the history of philosophy: methods of archival search, historical reconstruction and hermeneutics of texts.

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TAE KEUN YANG. "New discipline as The "History of Chinese Philosophy" and the Western Philosophy Methodology influences." DONG BANG HAK CHI ll, no. 171 (September 2015): 319–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17788/dbhc.2015..171.011.

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46

Černín, David. "Methodology of the History of Philosophy: A Different Approach to the Philosophy of Heraclitus." Aither 8, no. 16 (September 30, 2016): 32–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5507/aither.2016.008.

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47

Daigle, Christine, and Louise Renée. "Performing Philosophy: Beauvoir’s Methodology and its Ethical and Political Implications." Janus Head 14, no. 2 (2015): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jh201514221.

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Simone de Beauvoir’s contribution to ethics and politics is articulated through a methodology that successfully renders philosophy as literary and literature as philosophical. Her existential-phenomenological stance permeates her corpus and dictates a philosophical approach that avoids theoretical treatises in favour of philosophy as a way of life which is communicated in a variety of modes of expression. The Ethics of Ambiguity furnishes us with an example of said philosophy insofar as it performs the philosophy it offers and thereby appeals to the reader to engage in ethical and political action in her own life.

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48

Joubin, Rebecca. "ISLAM AND ARABS THROUGH THE EYES OF THE ENCYCLOPÉDIE: THE “OTHER” AS A CASE OF FRENCH CULTURAL SELF-CRITICISM." International Journal of Middle East Studies 32, no. 2 (May 2000): 197–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800021085.

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The 18th-century European Enlightenment championed rational philosophy and scientific methodology, rather than any form of traditional theology, as the way to understand the objective truth.1 In their quest for the fundamental truth, France's philosophes, the rational and anticlerical intellectuals of the Age of Reason, were forced to brave official censorship, persecution, and imprisonment as they disentangled themselves from their Christian heritage. Thus, the French Enlightenment was informed by a dualistic view of history—an ongoing contest between reason and faith. Although faith had gained ascendancy with Christianity's triumph over classical antiquity in the late 3rd and 4th centuries, according to the philosophes, many of whom served as key contributors to the Encyclopédie, religion and science had once again joined battle in the 18th century, this time with science and reason poised to overcome religious irrationality.2 In this context, the renowned philosophe Voltaire, in his highly controversial Dictionnaire Philosophique (1764), attacks Christian dogma, refutes the tenet of Christ's divine nature, and rejects the possibility of miracles as running contrary to all scientific evidence.3 Similarly, in Système de la Nature (1770), another philosophe, d'Holbach, deplores man's pursuit of the chimeras of religious revelation and refusal to engage in rational methods of inquiry.4 The arguments of Voltaire and d'Holbach are just two examples of the French Enlightenment tenet that knowledge can be based only on science and reason.

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49

Connolly, Patrick J. "Locke and the Methodology of Newton’s Principia." Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie 100, no. 3 (September 5, 2018): 311–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agph-2018-3003.

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Abstract A number of commentators have recently suggested that there is a puzzle surrounding Locke’s acceptance of Newton’s Principia. On their view, Locke understood natural history as the primary methodology for natural philosophy and this commitment was at odds with an embrace of mathematical physics. This article considers various attempts to address this puzzle and finds them wanting. It then proposes a more synoptic view of Locke’s attitude towards natural philosophy. Features of Locke’s biography show that he was deeply interested in mathematical physics long before the publication of the Principia. This interest was in line with important developments in the Royal Society. It is argued that Locke endorsed a two-stage approach to natural philosophy which was consistent with an embrace of both natural history and mathematical physics. The Principia can be understood as consistent with this approach.

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Meirbayev, B. "Philosophy and Poetry." Adam alemi 4, no. 86 (December 15, 2020): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.48010/2020.4/1999-5849.02.

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The article discusses the relationship between philosophy and poetry as specific ways of understanding the world and the ways in which words are similar and distinct. Based on a comparative analysis of the theory and methodology of the development of the world philosophy and the art of literature in national literary studies, the article examines the question of the nature and features of philosophical knowledge. The paper shows that poetic thinking and the ability to create symbols are both a unique feature of humans and one of the spiritual foundations of the study of the world and the representation of reality, and today they remain one of the bestpreserved qualities of poetry.

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