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1

Smith, Glenn. "The problem of evil in selected early Christian writings." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7594.

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2

Hedesan, Delia Georgiana. "'Christian philosophy' : medical alchemy and Christian thought in the work of Jan Baptista Van Helmont (1579-1644)." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/4083.

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Today, the Flemish physician, alchemist and philosopher Jan Baptista Van Helmont (1579-1644) is mostly remembered as one of the founders of modern chemistry and medicine. However, Van Helmont saw himself rather differently: he firmly believed he had been called to articulate a ‘Christian Philosophy’ that would bring together Christian thought and natural philosophy in a harmonious synthesis. His ‘Christian Philosophy’ would be purged of the Aristotelian ‘heathenism’ he felt Scholasticism had been tainted with. Instead, it would convey a unitary view of God, Nature and Man that was in accord with Christian doctrine. The main purpose of this thesis is to understand how Van Helmont attempted to construct this new Christian Philosophy. The thesis will argue that the inspiration for this project lay in the medical alchemy developed by Theophrastus Paracelsus (1493-1541) following medieval precedents. Paracelsus and many of his followers expressed the view that alchemy can act as the Christian key to Nature, and therefore an alliance of alchemical philosophy and Christianity was not only possible, but natural. Van Helmont concurred with this perspective, seeking to ground his Christian Philosophy in both orthodox Christian thought and medical alchemy. His religious ideas drew chiefly upon Biblical and Patristic sources as well as on German medieval mysticism. Van Helmont sought to complement this approach with an alchemical view that emphasised the hidden presence of God in Nature, as well as the role of the alchemist in unveiling this presence in the form of powerful medicine. Indeed, in Van Helmont’s thought Christianity and alchemy were dynamically entwined to such an extent that their discourses were not clearly separate. Van Helmont firmly believed the source of all things was God, and hence both the Book of Grace and the Book of Nature had their common origin in the light of the Holy Spirit.
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3

Menzies, Robert Paul. "The development of early Christian pneumatology with special reference to Luke-Acts." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1989. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU026811.

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The author seeks to demonstrate that Paul was the first Christian to attribute soteriological functions to the Spirit and that this original element of Paul's pneumatology did not influence wider (non-Pauline) sectors of the early church until after the writing of Lk-Acts. Three interrelated arguments are offered in support of his thesis. In Part One he argues that soterological functions were generally not attributed to the Spirit in intertestamental Judaism. The Spirit was regarded as the source of prophetic inspiration, a donum superadditum granted to various individuals so they might fulfil a divinely appointed task. The only significant exceptions to this perspective are found in later sapiential writings (1QH, Wisd). In Part Two he argues that Luke, influenced by the dominant Jewish perception, consistently portrays the gift of the Spirit as a prophetic endowment which enables its recipient to participate effectively in the mission of God. Although the pimitive church, following in Jesus' footsteps, broadened the functions traditionally ascribed to the Spirit in first-century Judaism and thus presented the Spirit as the source of miracle-working power (as well as prophetic inspiration), Luke resisted this innovation. For Luke the Spirit remained the source of special insight and inspired speech. The important corollary is that neither Luke nor the primitive church attribute soteriological significance to the pneumatic gift in a manner analogous to Paul. In Part Three he argues, on the basis of his analysis of relevant Pauline texts, that the early Christian traditions used by Paul do not attribute soteriological functions to the Spirit, and that sapiential traditions from the Hellenistic Jewish milieu which produced Wisd provided the conceptual framework for Paul's distinctive thought. Thus he maintains there were no Christian precursors to Paul at this point and that Paul's perspective represents an independent development.
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4

Howland, Scott Charles. "Ontological Ecology: The Created World in Early Christian Monastic Spirituality." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1501073179289829.

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5

Moses, Andrews Daniel Anandarajah. "The significance of the transfiguration in Matthew's Gospel seen in its Jewish and early Christian context." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304802.

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6

Mitchell, Peter. "The anatomical speaking picture of The Purple Island : an index to anatomy in early seventeenth-century Christian literature, natural philosophy and theology." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683296.

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7

Geiger, Kari J. "How You Have Fallen: Exploring the Benevolence of an Early Christian God as Seen Through a Progressively Embodied Satan." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/263.

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This paper attempts to explore the creation of Satan as an embodiment of evil in Early Christian theodicy. I use Greco-Roman myth and the Old Testament Book of Job to explore "duality," a system in which good and evil are encapsulated in gods or God. I attempt to trace the trajectory of a shift from this duality to a system of Christian cosmic "dualism," in which good and evil are separated as opposing forces. This shift is explored through the intertestamental Pseudepigrapha of 1 Enoch and Jubilees, towards the New Testament story of the Temptation of Christ in Matthew, Mark, and Luke. Finally, exploring post-New Testament Christian ideas with Origen's seminal work On First Principles and the martyr text of Perpetua to investigate the Early Christian community's ideas of good, God, evil, and Satan.
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8

Carle, Gordon A. "Alexandria in the Shadow of the Hill Cumorah: A Comparative Historical Theology of the Early Christian and Mormon Doctrines of God." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgu_etd/95.

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This work is a comparative study of the theological and historical development of the early Christian (pre-Nicene) and Mormon doctrines of God. For the Christian tradition, I follow a detailed study of the apostolic period, followed by the apologetical period, and then conclude with the pre-Nicene up to around 250 C.E. For the Mormon tradition, I cover the period beginning with the establishment of the Mormon Church in 1830 and conclude with its official doctrinal formulation in 1916. I begin this work with a chronological examination of the development of the Mormon doctrine of God, commencing with Joseph Smith's translation of the Book of Mormon and concluding with his revelations and additional translations of those books that make up the Pearl of Great Price. I then examine Brigham Young's single theological contribution, followed with the speculative contributions of Parley P. Pratt, Orson Pratt, John A. Widtsoe, B.H. Roberts, and concluding with James E. Talmage. This section covers chapters two through four. In chapters five through seven, I examine the theological contributions of Ignatius of Antioch, then Theophilus of Antioch, and conclude my study with the theological contributions of Origen of Alexandria. For the Christian tradition, I trace the development of the pre-Nicene theologians' struggle to explicate the theological and philosophical implications regarding the divinization of Christ within the context of monotheism.. At the end of chapters five through seven I include a succinct, comparative study of each father's doctrine with Mormon doctrine. This work will also address the major theological and historical factors that influenced both the Mormon and traditional Christian doctrines of God. Further, I contrast both theological systems and discuss their basic differences and similarities. My conclusion is that the fundamental difference between these two theological systems rests upon their foundational conceptions of reality as absolutist or finitist. The Mormon theological system rests upon a materialistic and monistic conception of reality, whereas traditional Christianity's system rests upon a dualistic conception of reality. In Mormon materialism, the Trinity is divided as individuated Gods; in Christian transcendence, the unity of God may only be maintained, while acknowledging the separate existences of the Persons of the Godhead, if the nature of God is understood as an incorporeal substance.
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9

Randall, Jennifer M. "Early Medieval Rhetoric: Epideictic Underpinnings in Old English Homilies." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/english_diss/61.

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Medieval rhetoric, as a field and as a subject, has largely been under-developed and under-emphasized within medieval and rhetorical studies for several reasons: the disconnect between Germanic, Anglo-Saxon society and the Greco-Roman tradition that defined rhetoric as an art; the problems associated with translating the Old and Middle English vernacular in light of rhetorical and, thereby, Greco-Latin precepts; and the complexities of the medieval period itself with the lack of surviving manuscripts, often indistinct and inconsistent political and legal structure, and widespread interspersion and interpolation of Christian doctrine. However, it was Christianity and its governance of medieval culture that preserved classical rhetoric within the medieval period through reliance upon a classic epideictic platform, which, in turn, became the foundation for early medieval rhetoric. The role of epideictic rhetoric itself is often undervalued within the rhetorical tradition because it appears too basic or less essential than the judicial or deliberative branches for in-depth study and analysis. Closer inspection of this branch reveals that epideictic rhetoric contains fundamental elements of human communication with the focus upon praise and blame and upon appropriate thought and behavior. In analyzing the medieval world’s heritage and knowledge of the Greco-Roman tradition, epideictic rhetoric’s role within the writings and lives of Greek and Roman philosophers, and the popular Christian writings of the medieval period – such as Alfred’s translation of Boethius’ Consolation of Philosophy, Alfred’s translation of Gregory the Great’s Pastoral Care, Ælfric’s Lives of Saints, Ælfric’s Catholic Homilies, Wulfstan’s Sermo Lupi ad Anglos, and the anonymously written Vercelli and Blickling homiles – an early medieval rhetoric begins to be revealed. This Old English rhetoric rests upon a blended epideictic structure based largely upon the encomium and vituperation formats of the ancient progymnasmata, with some additions from the chreia and commonplace exercises, to form a unique rhetoric of the soul that aimed to convert words into moral thought and action within the lives of every individual. Unlike its classical predecessors, medieval rhetoric did not argue, refute, or prove; it did not rely solely on either praise or blame; and it did not cultivate words merely for intellectual, educative, or political purposes. Instead, early medieval rhetoric placed the power of words in the hands of all humanity, inspiring every individual to greater discernment of character and reality, greater spirituality, greater morality, and greater pragmatism in daily life.
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Stuart-Buttle, Tim. "Classicism, Christianity and Ciceronian academic scepticism from Locke to Hume, c.1660-c.1760." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a181f810-9637-4b70-a147-ea9444a54cd5.

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This study explores the rediscovery and development of a tradition of Ciceronian academic scepticism in British philosophy between c.1660-c.1760. It considers this tradition alongside two others, recently recovered by scholars, which were recognised by contemporaries to offer opposing visions of man, God and the origins of society: the Augustinian-Epicurean, and the neo-Stoic. It presents John Locke, Conyers Middleton and David Hume as the leading figures in the revival of the tradition of academic scepticism. It considers their works in relation to those of Anthony Ashley Cooper, third earl of Shaftesbury, and Bernard Mandeville, whose writings refashioned respectively the neo-Stoic and Augustinian-Epicurean traditions in influential ways. These five individuals explicitly identified themselves with these late Hellenistic philosophical traditions, and sought to contest and redefine conventional estimations of their meaning and significance. This thesis recovers this debate, which illuminates our understanding of the development of the ‘science of man’ in Britain. Cicero was a central figure in Locke’s attempt to explain, against Hobbes, the origins of society and moral consensus independent of political authority. Locke was a theorist of societies, religious and civil. He provided a naturalistic explanation of moral motivation and sociability which, drawing heavily from Cicero, emphasised the importance of men’s concern for the opinions of others. Locke set this within a Christian divine teleology. It was Locke’s theologically-grounded treatment of moral obligation, and his attack on Stoic moral philosophy, that led to Shaftesbury’s attempt to vindicate Stoicism. This was met by Mandeville’s profoundly Epicurean response. The consequences of the neo-Epicurean and neo-Stoic traditions for Christianity were explored by Middleton, who argued that only academic scepticism was consistent with Christian belief. Hume explored the relationship between morality and religion with continual reference to Cicero. He did so, in contrast to Locke or Middleton, to banish entirely moral theology from philosophy.
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van, der Lugt Mara. "'Pierre, or the ambiguities' : Bayle, Jurieu and the Dictionnaire Historique et Critique." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:02bbbbda-7fa3-4c1c-af05-99842a9217e0.

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This thesis presents a new study of Pierre Bayle’s Dictionnaire Historique et Critique (1696), with special reference to Bayle’s polemical engagement with the theologian Pierre Jurieu. While recent years have seen a surge of interest in Bayle, there is as yet no consensus on how to interpret Bayle’s ambiguous stance on reason and religion, and how to make sense of the Dictionnaire: although specific parts of the Dictionnaire have received much scholarly attention, the work has hardly been studied as a whole, and little is known about how the Dictionnaire was influenced by Bayle’s polemic with Jurieu. This thesis aims to establish a new method for reading the Dictionnaire, under a dual premise: first, that the work can only be rightly understood when placed within the immediate context of its production in the 1690s; second, that it is only through an appreciation of the mechanics of the work as a whole, and of the role played by its structural and stylistic particularities, that we can attain an appropriate interpretation of its parts. Special attention is paid to the heated theological-political conflict between Bayle and Jurieu in the 1690s, which had a profound influence on the project of the dictionary and on several of its major themes, such as the tensions in the relationship between the intellectual sphere of the Republic of Letters and the political state, but also the danger of religious fanaticism spurring intolerance and war. The final chapters demonstrate that Bayle’s clash with Jurieu was also one of the driving forces behind Bayle’s reflection on the problem of evil; they expose the fundamentally problematic nature of both Bayle’s theological association with Jurieu, and his self-defence in the second edition of the Dictionnaire. The title of this thesis comes from Herman Melville’s novel: ‘Pierre, or the Ambiguities’.
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12

Georgieva, Elena. "Le chemin de la vérité: la persuasion de la puissance divine dans le Contre Celse d'Origène." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210997.

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Résumé

de la thèse « Le chemin de la vérité :la persuasion de la puissance divine dans le Contre Celse d’Origène

Les traités du Contre Celse permettent d’aborder la problématique de la persuasion de l’enseignement chrétien en ce qu'ils témoignent de l’affrontement virulent de deux visions du monde, - celle du monde gréco-romain et celle de l’enseignement chrétien. En effet, l’essor du mouvement chrétien devrait beaucoup à la lumière de cette rhétorique, oserons-nous dire cette propagande, qui propose une vision du monde nouvelle en s’appuyant sur une théologie qui s’escrime à dépasser la culture gréco-romaine en l’intégrant dans sa propre vision du monde. En ce, l’École d’Alexandrie en général et Origène en particulier seraient les fondateurs d’une nouvelle lecture théologique tant du point de vue polythéiste que de celui du christianisme.

Du point de vue méthodologique, je me suis attelée à ce travail en constatant une insuffisance, pour ne pas dire un manque, d’études consacrées à la pratique rhétorique chez Origène. L’idée d’une rhétorique entendue comme un genre secondaire moins « noble », entre guillemets, que le théologique est sans doute la cause de cette lacune scientifique ;or, force est de constater que les Apologistes ayant précédé le penseurs alexandrin et lui-même sont souvent formés à la rhétorique ce qui ne va pas sans incidence directe sur leurs œuvres attendu que formation et méthodes font souvent un avec l’élaboration de savoirs.

L’objet immédiat du travail était de décrire et d’analyser par une lecture centrée sur la rhétorique apologétique les lieux communs et les arguments que celle-ci fournit, et qui affectent la structure de la pensée d’Origène. Pour mieux comprendre le processus de persuasion mis en œuvre par le théologien, j’ai pensé que les topoï qu’il emprunte au savoir classique étaient des éléments tangibles qu’il convenait de prendre au sérieux plutôt que de la ranger au placard des vieilleries scolaires. Somme, mon soupçon, ma seconde approche du corpus, était qu’au travers du plus banal de son œuvre, - son infrastructure scolaire-, je toucherai son originalité. Il restait à prouver si ce paradoxe pouvait s’avérer fécond en analysant le discours d’Origène et en m’efforçant de réévaluer, réinterpréter et intégrer dans les recherches portant sur son œuvre la question négligée de sa pratique rhétorique. Somme toute, j’ai tenté de mieux comprendre comment l’homme de l’Antiquité posait la question du sens.

Le plan d’ensemble de ma thèse comprend deux parties. Dans la première partie, j’ai dégagé les grandes lignes de l’approche rhétorique d’Origène en prenant pour fil conducteur la question de la véracité de la révélation qui s’impose comme le thème dominant de son entreprise. Ceci m’a conduit à l’examen de l’idée d’autonomie, que celle-ci agisse sur la pensée comme force centripète ou centrifuge, permettant tantôt de se démarquer en minimisant, voire en gommant les différences, tantôt de les exalter en les proclamant. Dans la deuxième partie, j’ai essayé de démontrer les éléments historiques et philosophiques à partir desquels le modèle de la pensée chrétienne a été configuré. J’ai ainsi dégagé l’idée que le récit évangélique a été élaboré tout à la fois par rapport aux modèles de l’histoire « sainte » biblique et les modèles généalogiques de la tradition gréco-romaine.

En premier lieu, j’ai démontré que la démarche apologétique d’Origène consistait à faire se côtoyer la puissance persuasive de la parole transcendante et celle de la parole rhétorique humaine. Or « faire se côtoyer » la puissance persuasive de la parole transcendante et celle de la parole rhétorique ne signifie pas pour autant les mettre sur le même pied. On peut donc affirmer la conjonction de la « rhétorique » ineffable de la puissance divine et de la « bonne rhétorique » dans la méthode apologétique d’Origène.

L’apologétique chrétienne, s’engageant dans une relation de pouvoir par rapport aux « autres » concurrentiels, est amenée à construire la conception de la vérité chrétienne unique et la plus ancienne par opposition à la diversité des doctrines philosophiques et religieuses de la tradition gréco-romaine, et en continuité avec la doctrine hébraïque perçue comme dépassée. En effet, la vérité chrétienne est identifiée à l’origine, à la pureté et à l’essence. De là les deux arguments apologétiques les plus puissants :démontrer l’unité et l’ancienneté de la doctrine chrétienne et donc construire une généalogie à partir d’une seule source originelle, Dieu. En postulant une « vérité absolue » qu’on identifie avec Jésus Christ, le Logos, l’apologiste interprète les enseignements de ses adversaires comme une déviation de cette vérité ou comme une vérité dépassée. Le double chemin vers l’origine est donc symboliquement barré. Par ailleurs, l’apologiste élabore une forme d’échelle de vérité où les rivaux de l’enseignement chrétien ne sont que des moyens rhétoriques pour démontrer la supériorité chrétienne.

L’élaboration de la conception de la vérité absolue chrétienne va de pair avec la constitution discursive de l’« autre ». En tenant compte de la relation discursive intersubjective, je parle d’une constitution discursive de l’« autre ». C’est précisément la finalité apologétique du Contre Celse qui nous permet d’affirmer le caractère construit de la notion de l’« autre » en tant que construction rhétorique. L’« autre », qu’il soit juif ou païen ou gnostique, est constitué à partir du projet chrétien. Mieux, il reçoit sa définition uniquement en fonction de sa différence avec le christianisme. Deux stratégies apologétiques s’imposent ainsi :d’une part minimiser, voire gommer, les différences internes au mouvement chrétien et grossir les différences avec l’« autre » et, d’autre part, grossir les différences en minimisant les ressemblances, en les décrivant comme une imitation ou un vol (le thème du larcin).

En second lieu, on peut affirmer que le mythe informe le « récit évangélique » dans la mesure où l’histoire individuelle de Jésus et le mythe du Christ se retrouvent fusionnés d’une manière inextricable dans la narration christologique. Le mythe apparaît ainsi comme une construction symbolique fondée sur les symboles et formes déjà existants ;mais, qui plus est, étant un récit, il reforme et transforme ces symboles dans une nouvelle structure propre à lui. Lorsque je parle du mythe chrétien, j’entends un système dynamique de schèmes qui, sous l’impulsion du schème général mythique de kat‹basiw-Žn‹basiw, tend à se configurer en récit évangélique. Ainsi, le mythe peut traduire l’accumulation d’« essaims » ou de « constellations » de schèmes. C’est en ce sens qu’on parle du message chrétien comme étant exprimé en un langage mythique. J’ai adopté le terme générique de « schème » dans le sens d’un modèle, une « engramme ».

L’ingéniosité chrétienne consiste à constituer le schéma mythique de kat‹basiw-Žn‹basiw, sur lequel repose le « mythe fondateur » chrétien. Il est fondé sur la conception d’une histoire sainte articulant expression mythique et expression historique au sein d’un schéma temporel finalisé. J’ai relevé trois modèles principaux de l’histoire sous-tendant les divers types de récits bibliques :l’histoire « blanche », l’histoire-fait, l’histoire-événement. L’histoire « blanche » présente les deux réalités, le « Même » et l’ « Autre », existant chacune pour soi et sans aucun contact entre elles. En revanche, l’histoire-fait présente leur communication en dehors du temps. Enfin, l’histoire-événement présente le passage de Celui qui agit d’un principe à l’autre dans un système où le temps se déroule. On peut retrouver ces modèles de l’histoire concrétisés dans un certain nombre de récits bibliques :le récit de la création, le récit de la séduction ou le récit du péché, le récit de l’alliance ou le récit de la médiation divine.

Enfin, j’ai étudié l’élaboration du « récit évangélique » par rapport à un certain nombre de récits qui se transposent et s’entrecroisent entre eux, à savoir le « récit de l’alliance », le « récit messianique » et le « récit généalogique ». La configuration du récit évangélique repose sur le jeu dynamique entre les récits identifiables déjà sédimentés dans des traditions différentes et le récit innovateur d’une déviance réglée. Le « récit évangélique » consiste en la combinaison unique de l’histoire et du mythe, qui se donne comme un récit fondateur mytho-historique. La prédication de Jésus met en place une historicisation du mythe. En même temps, avec les évangiles, on assiste à un processus de mythisation de Jésus qui aboutit à sa divinisation. L’élaboration du « récit évangélique » tire son intelligibilité de l’ensemble des opérations par lesquelles une herméneutique actualisante s’est transposée sur les récits et modèles anciens et les prophéties hébraïques. On peut affirmer que le « récit évangélique » a été configuré à la jonction des représentations bibliques et grecques.

L’originalité du christianisme consiste en la perspective universelle que le « récit évangélique » revêt. Ainsi, le devenir est divisé en trois temps qui sont reliés entre eux de manière structurée à travers l’intermédiaire divin de Jésus Christ qui assure les renvois théologiques et contrôle ainsi le monde de tout les temps.


Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation histoire des religions
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Chupp, Jesse. "The Lost Soul of the Body Politic." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-05-11074.

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The modern nation-state is the product of a gradual process in which the religiously concerned medieval political and ecclesiastical synthesis became more secular and centralized. Mirroring this external institutional development, the theoretical conception of the state changed from one of a natural organic unity of diverse corporate members to a consent-based compact among atomized individuals. This change can be traced in the Body Politic metaphor of four authors: John of Salisbury, Christine de Pizan, Johannes Althusius, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. In this project, I argue that the Body Politic metaphor, particularly the inclusion or exclusion of a soul of the Body Politic, is uniquely appropriate for capturing the complexity of political life in general across differing levels of aggregation and for elucidating the political and religious commitments of the authors who employ it, as they critique their own contemporary political and religious institutions and describe their ideal societies. In the conclusion, I suggest that the loss of a strongly organic conception of the state has denied modern society and political theory a well established means for incorporating corporate entities and for explaining the existence of the modern nation-state in any kind of transcendental moral context, thus the lost soul of the Body Politic.
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Züll, Stephanie. "Romane als Sittenlehren - Zum Verhältnis zwischen galantem und empfindsamem Roman." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0005-146C-C.

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Hart, Hendrik, Niki Lazaridou Moquist, Mary Gerritsma, and Lynda Kosowan Hines. "Perspective vol. 11 no. 3 (Apr 1977)." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10756/251325.

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